PRAZNI PROSTORI SRBIJE Prva Faza Projekta – Beograd

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PRAZNI PROSTORI SRBIJE Prva Faza Projekta – Beograd ZAVOD ZA PROUČAVANJE KULTURNOG RAZVITKA mr Tamara Jovanović PRAZNI PROSTORI SRBIJE Prva faza projekta – Beograd Beograd, 2010 Zavod za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka SADRŽAJ UVODNA REČ ............................................................................................................... 3 PREDGOVOR ................................................................................................................ 5 UVOD ............................................................................................................................ 6 PRAZNI PROSTORI SRBIJE ....................................................................................... 16 Predmet istraživanja ................................................................................... 16 Ciljevi istraživanja ....................................................................................... 16 Realizacija istraživanja ............................................................................... 17 PRVA FAZA PROJEKTA – BEOGRAD ........................................................................ 18 Prostorno-vremenski okvir istraživanja ....................................................... 18 Metodologija istraživanja ............................................................................ 18 Saradnja sa institucijama i organizacijama ................................................. 19 Terensko istraživanje i dokumentacija – osnovne napomene ..................... 20 REZULTATI ISTRAŽIVANJA ........................................................................................ 21 Osnovne napomene ................................................................................... 21 Grupe objekata ........................................................................................... 23 Beogradske opštine – rezultati terenskog istraživanja ................................ 34 ZAKLJUČNA RAZMATRANJA ..................................................................................... 93 IZVORI ....................................................................................................................... 104 PRILOZI ..................................................................................................................... 110 2 Zavod za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka UVODNA REČ Ideja o projektu „Prazni prostori Srbije” potekla je iz magistarske teze „Centar za scenska istraživanja – FABRIKA SNOVA.”1 Ovom prilikom želela bih da zahvalim prof. Radivoju Dinuloviću na preporuci da projekat predložim Zavodu za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka iz Beograda. Posebnu zahvalnost dugujem upravo Zavodu i direktoru Aleksandru Lazareviću, na prepoznavanju vrednosti realizacije projekta, kao i ekipi iz Zavoda na podršci u realizaciji. Takođe, želela bih da se zahvalim svima koji su svojim učešćem doprineli da se prva faza projekta uspešno privede kraju, pre svega predstavnicima Gradskih opština Mladenovac, Savski venac, Novi Beograd i Vračar. Posebno bih se zahvalila direktorima kulturnih centara i njihovim saradnicima: Ani Marković, direktorki Kulturnog centra Grocka i Srđanu Milosavljeviću, direktoru JP Sportsko-kulturni centar Obrenovac, koji su se priključili i terenskom delu istraživanja, Dragoslavu Jovičiću, direktoru Centra za kulturu Barajevo, na korisnoj informaciji o praznim prostorima u opštini Barajevo; Vesni Sretković, direktorki JP Kultura i sport Surčin i saradnicima koji su učestvovali u terenskom istraživanju – Slobodanu Mihajloviću, šefu odseka za sport i Branku Miloševiću, referentu za kulturu; Suzani Anastasov-Marković, direktorki Centra za kulturu Sopot; Ivani Nedeljković iz Uprave Centra za kulturu Lazarevac i Slobodanu Veljkoviću, direktoru Kulturnog centra Rakovica. Posredovanjem gospođe Anastasov-Marković, direktorke Centra za kulturu Sopot, postignuta je uspešna saradnja i sa Opštinom Sopot, a posebno bih se zahvalila predsedniku Opštine Živoradu Milosavljeviću na spremnosti za saradnju i saradnicima Zorici Tripković i Goranu Krčo na učešću u terenskom delu istraživanja. 1 Magistarska teza Centar za scenska istraživanja – FABRIKA SNOVA (mentor dr Radivoje Dinulović) odbranjena je na Univerzitetu umetnosti u Beogradu (Interdisciplinarne magistarske studije, Grupa za scenski dizajn), 2007. godine. U projektu Prazni prostori Srbije korišćeni su rezultati istraživanja i foto dokumentacija iz magistarske teze. 3 Zavod za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka Posebno uspešna saradnja uspostavljena je sa predstavnicima Rudarskog basena „Kolubara“ iz Lazarevca. Slađana Nedeljković, samostalni referent za kulturu u RB „Kolubara“, upoznala me je sa problematikom razvoja industrijskog turizma, a inž. Branislav Pajić i Zoran Antonijević pokazali su izuzetnu spremnost za saradnju u okviru realnih mogućnosti revitalizacije i prenamene praznih prostora na teritoriji opštine Lazarevac. Takođe, zahvalila bih se i Jagodi Nedeljković, kustosu Moderne galerije u Lazarevu, kao i Nenadu Arsenijeviću, koji mi je omogućio kontakt sa Centrom za kulturu Lazarevac. Zahvalnost dugujem i dr Gordani Milošević-Jeftić (Departman za arhitekturu Arhitektonskog fakulteta u Beogradu) na uvidu u studentske radove koji se bave urbanom reciklažom. Ivani Koraksić i Milanu Maniću iz umetničke grupe „Cirkusfera“ zahvaljujem na upoznavanju sa problematikom pronalaženja adekvatnog umetničko- radnog prostora u Beogradu. 4 Zavod za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka PREDGOVOR Projekat „Prazni prostori Srbije“ realizuje se u Zavodu za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka iz Beograda. Bavi se fenomenom postojanja „praznih“, odnosno „ispražnjenih“ prostora na teritoriji Srbije, kao i mogućnostima njihove transformacije u komplekse različitih namena, a pre svega u multimedijalne umetničke i naučno- istraživačke centre. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćeni objekti kulturno-istorijskog nasleđa, industrijski, vojni, poslovni i drugi objekti van funkcije, kao i „prazna“ područja – napuštena sela, delovi gradova, nekadašnja industrijska područja itd. Jedno od polazišta istraživanja je i problem „nedostatka“ prostora za delovanje umetničkih i naučnih institucija, grupa i pojedinaca aktivnih u tim oblastima, a koji bi se mogao rešiti upravo „popunjavanjem“ prostora obuhvaćenih istraživanjem. S obzirom na obim i složenost istraživanja, predviđeno je da se realizacija projekta odvija u nekoliko etapa. Prva faza projekta realizovana je na teritoriji Beograda u periodu od juna do novembra 2009. godine. Rezultati istraživanja predstavljeni u ovom radu prikazuju samo deo potencijala Beograda u „praznim“ prostorima, a istovremeno predstavljaju i osnovu za dalja istraživanja na teritoriji Srbije. Bez ambicije da ponudi konačna rešenja, rad ima za cilj da podstakne nadležne strukture, vlasnike i potencijalne korisnike, na preduzimanje konkretnih koraka po pitanju revitalizacije i ponovne aktivacije tih prostora. 5 Zavod za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka UVOD „Prema zajedničkim shvatanjima ljudi, prazno jeste prostor u kojem ne postoji nikakvo telo; i pošto oni smatraju da bitak ima samo ono što je telesno, to nazivaju praznim prostorom ono u čemu se ne nalazi apsolutno ništa.“ Aristotel, Fizika2 U zavisnosti od religijske i kulturne tradicije u okviru kojih se koristi, pojam praznine može se posmatrati u pozitivnom ili negativnom kontekstu.3 Praznina često asocira na ispraznost savremenog načina života. U figurativnom smislu stanje dosade, otuđenosti i apatije simbolički može biti predstavljeno praznim prostorima u velikim gradovima, npr. potpuno pustim ulicama u toku radnog vremena (Sl. 1). Sl. 1. Ulice Mineapolisa (Minesota, SAD) u toku radnog vremena U svom delu odgovarajuće nazvanom „Prazan prostor“, Piter Bruk ističe „Mogu uzeti bilo koji prazan prostor i nazvati ga otvorenom pozornicom“ i nastavlja: „Čovek korača kroz ovaj prazan prostor dok ga neko drugi posmatra i to je sve što je 4 potrebno za nastanak jednog pozorišnog događaja.“ Brukova interpretacija približava se i načinu na koji je pojam praznog prostora sagledan u ovom istraživanju. U pitanju su konkretni urbani i ruralni prostori, zaboravljeni, napušteni ili zapostavljeni, dovoljno provokativni za preduzimanje odgovarajućih aktivnosti u cilju ponovnog stavljanja u funkciju. Izvesno je da su oni pravi spomenici uspona i padova savremene civilizacije. Detaljnije istraživanje pokazuje da skoro da nema mesta na planeti bez praznih prostora, pa se njihovo postojanje može posmatrati kao globalni fenomen. 2 Citirano iz: Павловић, Б., Филозофски речник, Плато, Београд 1997, str. 189 3 "emptiness." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 19 Mar. 2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/186253/emptiness>. 4 Брук, Питер, Празан простор, Лапис, Београд 1995, 7 6 Zavod za proučavanje kulturnog razvitka *** U cilju što uspešnije realizacije prve faze projekta „Prazni prostori Srbije“, sagledana su aktuelna globalna i lokalna kretanja u nekoliko naizgled nespojivih privrednih i kulturnih oblasti. Razmotreni su i rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja, inicijative, kao i konkretni projekti revitalizacije pojedinih objekata. Istražena je literatura, periodika i baza podataka na internetu. Prva faza projekta sprovedena je na teritoriji Beograda, ali je s obzirom na opštu orijentaciju istraživanja, aktuelna situacija sagledana u odnosu na Srbiju u celini. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja pokazuju da je kod nas, kada su prazni prostori u pitanju, najviše urađeno na polju industrijske arheologije. Pionirska istraživanja u domenu industrijskog nasleđa na teritoriji Srbije, sprovode se tokom devedesetih godina XX veka
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