DOCSLIB.ORG

Democracy, Cities and Space

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Democracy, Cities and Space Democracy, Cities and Space South African conceptions of local government Ivor Chipkin DEMOCR~CY, CITIES AND SPACE A dissertation submitted in the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, in the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Political Studies. I declare that this dissertation is entirely my own work, and has not been submitted for any degree or examination at another university. Ivor Chipkin Johannesburg, 1997 l\egree awarded with distinotion on IO D?.dmbe:r: I998 DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND SPACE 2 Acknowledgments I have been looking forward to writing my thanks. There are many people I have reason to be immeasurably grateful to. I want to thank my remarkable, remarkable family and Katrin for the courage, love, hope and health they gave me. to my beautiful friends. to the nurses of the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit and the High Care ward at the Milpark hospital, and to Dr. Snyckers to my supervisor Peter Hudson for inspiring me to the end to Steven Friedman and the staff of the Centre for Policy Studies to Professor Tom Lodgf; and the Political Studies Department _DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND SPACE 3 I would like to record my thanks to the Human Sciences Research Council for the grant that helped make this research possible DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND S,'-'PA:..;.C:::.;E=--__ . _ 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ~ 6 Introduction 8 SECTION 1:One-city-one-tax-base 12 Local Government Negotiations 14 The Notion of Community 17 The Re-making afCommunily 19 The Theory of National Derr."cratic Revolution 21 The Notion of 'City' 22 ~~ct U Substitutions of the (Local) Subject 32 The State and Civil Society 36 Section 2: Theoretical legacies 39 Essentialism and National Democratic Revolution 42 Section 3: URBAN FORMs ON THE 'EAST RAND' . 52 A New Geographic Expression ~ 53 A Developmental City 63 A Metropolitan Structure for Boksburg, Alberton and Genniston 66 The Balanced City _ 70 A Shared Planning Vocabulary 75 The 'Complete' City 76 SECTION4: The Role of LOCAL GOVERNMENT 79 The Meaning of the Political 81 Relative Autonomy 87 SECTION5: KATORUS 94 Taxonomies of Violence 94 Gestural Observations; 97 Trade-Unionism rei Trade-Unionism and the 1976 Student Revolt 105 The Threat of Hostel Conversions ] ~9 The Unbanning of the ANC 113 Phola Park's Parks conflict with Khalanyoni Hostel 113 'Taxi-War' 116 DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND SPACE 5 The ~Yiolencetranscends its local origins ~ 118 SECr lON 6: Local Government in the aftermath J24 The Development Facilitation Act 125 Gecmisron 129 J~lberton and Boksburg 132 Contlngenc'l 138 Policing 139 Phenduka Section 142 Conclusion 146 References 159 Introduction 159 Section 1 159 Section 2 160 Section 3 161 Section 4 163 Section 5 164 Section 6 165 Conclusion 166 South AfricaN Bibliography. J67 Theoretical Texts J 7J Interviews J73 Annexure 178 DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND SPACE 6 ABBREVIATIONS ACO - Alexandra Civic Organisation ANC - African National Congress IlZAPO - Azanian People's Organisation BC - Black Consciousness BCM - Black Consciousness Movement BLA - Black Local Authority CAST - ~i'Jic Association for Southern Transvaal CDF - Community Development Forum CODESA - Convention for a Democratic South AfriC",,8 CaSAS -:-Congress of South African Students C'OSATU - Congress of South African Trade Unions CWNC - Central Witwatersrand Negotiating Chamber ESC - Eastern Services Council EGSC - Eastern Gauteng Services Council ERRSC - East Rand Regional Services Council FOSATU - Federation of South African Trade Unions IFP - lnkatha Freedom Party IMLGA - Interim Measures for Local Government Act r~TORUS - Katlehong, Tokoza and Vosloorus KCC - KATORUS Central Command LDF - Local Development Forum LDO - Land Development Objectiv€'.:. LGNF - Local Govemment Negotiating Forum LGTA - Local Government Transition Act DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND SPACE 7 NAHORA - National Hostel Residents Association NGO - Non-Governmental Organisation OD - Organisational Development RDP - Reconstruction and Development Campaign RSC - Regional Services Council SACP - South African Communist Party SACTU - South African Congress of Trade Unions SANCO - South African National Civic Organisatjo~l SeA - Soweto Civic Association SDU - Self-Defence Unit SPP - Special Presidential Project SPU - Self-Protection Unit TUAC - Trade Union Advisory Council THRA - Tokoza Hostels Residents Association TLC - Transitional Local Council UDF - United Democratic Front UMAWUSA - United Metal and Allied Workers Union of South Africa WCRC - Wattville Concerned Residents Committee _DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND SPACE 8 INTRODUCTION In 1988 the Soweto People's Delegation and the councils of Soweto, Diepmeadow and Dobsonville began to negotiate an end to the rent boycott and the crisis in the provision of services. Discussions between civic bodies and local government officials - which eventually resulted in the Soweto accord - were increasingly infonned by the slogan 'one city, one tax base'. In the wake of the accord, other parties to similarly established negotiations commonly based their approach on the 'one city' slogan. As a result, local government negotiations and the institutional arrangements that followed were increasingly infonned by this notion. The 'one city' slogan and the course of local government negotiations were premised on at least two moments of contingency. From the 1980s onwards the city was, for the first time, posited as a legitimate political destination in itself. Whereas urban struggles had in the past bean linked to the capture of state or regional power, during the 1980s a plethora of 'civic' organisations arose that were self-consciously local in character and had as their object the appropriation of the city, This amounted to an inclusion in the South African political lexicon of a new political objective; one that was excluded by the couplet 'people-nation' entailed in then preeminent language of National Democratic Revolution (NDR). These semantic dlsplacernents were symptomatic of the ,growing influence of western European Marxism in South Africa. They also si,gnaled the reduced political significance of NDR from the late 1980's and 1990's in Alliance circles. The collapse of Eastem European regimes and the political demise of s'" o:~. I reduced the influence of strategic and political fonnulations explicitly informec ~s Marxism-Leninism As it became less common to refer to the 'people', 'socialism' and 'national democracy' - to invoke the vocabulary of NDR, that is .. so these tenns were supplemented with other expressions. From the late 1980's, that is, it became popular to juxtapose the tenns city and community. These notions had incongruent theoretical legacies that, when they were coupled, produced certain ambiguities in South African conceptions of urban govemment. DEMOCRACY, CITIES AND SPACE 9 Section 1 will explore the genealogy of both words. The notion of community', had undergone an interesting mutation. It was first popularised by B!ack Consciousness authors of the 1970's and later appropriated by civic organisations in the mid-1980's. In this regard it was invested with new meanings. We shell see also in Section 1 that a concept of the city was strongly informed by the work of Manuel Castells, and in particular by his text The City and the Grassroots. In this regard certain activist-intellectuals, primarily based at the Johannesburg non-govemmental organisation (NGO), Planact, began exploring the pollfical and social consequences of the apartheid geography. These findings informed Planact's influential relationship with many civic organisations. We shall see in Section 2 that the notion of community drew its meaning from the theory of National Democratic Revolution which was in tum premised on a classical reading of historical materialism. In contrast the notion of cilY, partly inherited from the work of the Castells, was influenced by the European lVIarxism of the 1960's and after. It shall be argued, moreover, that a condition for thinking the city theoretically was Louis Althusser's concept of relative autonomy. The tensions that the couplet city-community produced were not readily apparent. Their heterogeneous philosophies were obscured by the opacity of their theoretical Origins. The substitution of 'community' for 'people' and 'city' for 'nation' did not seem to subvert the relationship between the historical subject and its objective that the theory of NDR established between 'people' and 'natlon'. If in the original grammar the people's will was believed interested in national democracy and then socialism, the 'One City' slogan replaced 'people' for 'community' and articulated their interest to urban integration. In this regard, the 'One City' slogan and the theory of National Democratic Revolution seemed to share a common philosophical premise. They £1 ppeared both to posit a necessary relation between subject and political destoation that rested on two related elements: experience and objective interests. In tHs regard the common experience of racial capitalism and the apartheid city produced for the people/community objective interests in national democracy and urban political integration respectively. DEMOCRACY. Cm.::::.E::::.S..!._A~N:.:::D:....::S~P...!.A.:.::C::.!:E=-- 10 City and community seemed perfectly reconciled in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the communist party had originally argued that the RDP was a programme of 'socialist social investment' (SACP: 1994, p.3.). In their eyes the adoption
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BUILDING from SCRATCH: New Cities, Privatized Urbanism and the Spatial Restructuring of Johannesburg After Apartheid
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH 471 DOI:10.1111/1468-2427.12180 — BUILDING FROM SCRATCH: New Cities, Privatized Urbanism and the Spatial Restructuring of Johannesburg after Apartheid claire w. herbert and martin j. murray Abstract By the start of the twenty-first century, the once dominant historical downtown core of Johannesburg had lost its privileged status as the center of business and commercial activities, the metropolitan landscape having been restructured into an assemblage of sprawling, rival edge cities. Real estate developers have recently unveiled ambitious plans to build two completely new cities from scratch: Waterfall City and Lanseria Airport City ( formerly called Cradle City) are master-planned, holistically designed ‘satellite cities’ built on vacant land. While incorporating features found in earlier city-building efforts, these two new self-contained, privately-managed cities operate outside the administrative reach of public authority and thus exemplify the global trend toward privatized urbanism. Waterfall City, located on land that has been owned by the same extended family for nearly 100 years, is spearheaded by a single corporate entity. Lanseria Airport City/Cradle City is a planned ‘aerotropolis’ surrounding the existing Lanseria airport at the northwest corner of the Johannesburg metropole. These two new private cities differ from earlier large-scale urban projects because everything from basic infrastructure (including utilities, sewerage, and the installation and maintenance of roadways),
    [Show full text]
  • Table 2 BUILT-UP URBAN AREAS by LAND AREA (URBAN FOOTPRINT)
    Table 2 BUILT-UP URBAN AREAS BY LAND AREA (URBAN FOOTPRINT) Urban Areas 500,000 & Over Population Land Area Population Density Source: Population Square Square Per Square Per Square Pop.Area Rank Geography Urban Area Estimate Miles Kilometers Mile Kilometer (See Note) 1 United States New York, NY-NJ-CT 20,685,000 4,495 11,642 4,500 1,800 N:N 2 Japan Tokyo-Yokohama 37,750,000 3,300 8,547 11,400 4,400 C:B 3 United States Chicago, IL-IN-WI 9,185,000 2,647 6,856 3,400 1,300 N:N 4 United States Atlanta, GA 5,120,000 2,645 6,851 1,700 700 A:A 5 United States Los Angeles, CA 15,135,000 2,432 6,299 6,000 2,400 N:N 6 United States Boston, MA-NH-RI 4,490,000 2,056 5,325 2,100 800 N:N 7 Russia Moscow 16,570,000 2,050 5,310 8,100 3,100 C:B 8 United States Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 6,280,000 1,998 5,175 2,800 1,200 N:N 9 United States Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD 5,595,000 1,981 5,131 2,700 1,100 A:A 10 United States Houston, TX 6,005,000 1,864 4,828 2,800 1,200 N:N 11 China Beijing, BJ-HEB 20,390,000 1,520 3,937 13,400 5,200 L:B 12 China Shanghai, SHG-JS-ZJ 22,685,000 1,500 3,885 15,100 5,800 L:B 12 Japan Nagoya 10,035,000 1,500 3,885 6,700 2,600 C:B 14 China Guangzhou-Foshan, GD 18,760,000 1,475 3,820 12,700 4,900 L:B 15 United States Detroit, MI 3,660,000 1,337 3,463 2,800 1,100 A:A 16 United States Washington, DC-VA-MD 4,950,000 1,322 3,424 3,500 1,300 A:A 17 Indonesia Jakarta 31,320,000 1,245 3,225 25,200 9,700 C:B 17 United States Phoenix, AZ 4,295,000 1,245 3,225 3,100 1,300 N:N 19 Japan Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto 16,985,000 1,240 3,212 13,700 5,300 C:B 20 United States Miami, FL 5,820,000 1,239 3,209 4,400 1,700 A:A 21 United States Seattle, WA 3,475,000 1,154 2,989 2,800 1,100 N:A 22 France Paris 10,870,000 1,098 2,845 9,600 3,700 A:A 23 United States San Francisco-San Jose, CA 5,955,000 1,080 2,797 5,400 2,100 N:N 24 Brazil Sao Paulo 20,605,000 1,045 2,707 19,700 7,600 C:B 25 Argentina Buenos Aires 14,280,000 1,035 2,681 13,800 5,300 C:B 26 Germany Essen-Dusseldorf 6,675,000 1,025 2,655 6,500 2,500 C:B 27 United States Minneapolis-St.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 47085 Slum Upgrading Experiences ofSixCities The CitiesAlliance n 1 © The Cities Alliance, 2008 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. http://www.citiesalliance.org/index.html All rights reserved First printing, October 2008 The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce whole or portions of it should be directed to the Cities Alliance Secretariat at the above address. The Cities Alliance encourages the active dissemination of its knowledge. Permission to disseminate will normally be granted promptly and, when reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking for a fee. Cover Photo: São Paulo Photographer: Daniel Ducci Design: Patricia Hord.Graphik Design Printing: Jarboe Commercial Printing Company Slum Upgrading Experiences of Six Cities ii n Slum Upgrading Up Close: Experiences of Six Cities The Cities Alliance n iii Learning with São Paulo On behalf of the Cities Alliance and city of São Paulo, we are pleased to present Slum Upgrading Up Close: Experiences of Six Cities. The publication captures some of the key knowledge and shared learning from an international policy dialogue on the “Challenges of Slum Upgrading: Sharing São Paulo’s Experience” held in São Paulo from March 10 to 14, 2008. Co-sponsored by the Cities Alliance and the city of São Paulo, the five-day event facilitated a rich exchange of ideas among high-ranking city officials from six major cities of the south—Cairo, Ekurhuleni, Lagos, Manila, Mumbai, and São Paulo—on the issues and challenges of slum upgrading in their respective cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Redefining Global Cities the Seven Types of Global Metro Economies
    REDEFINING GLOBAL CITIES THE SEVEN TYPES OF GLOBAL METRO ECONOMIES REDEFINING GLOBAL CITIES THE SEVEN TYPES OF GLOBAL METRO ECONOMIES GLOBAL CITIES INITIATIVE A JOINT PROJECT OF BROOKINGS AND JPMORGAN CHASE JESUS LEAL TRUJILLO AND JOSEPH PARILLA THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION | METROPOLITAN POLICY PROGRAM | 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ith more than half the world’s population now living in urban areas, cities are the critical drivers of global economic growth and prosperity. The world’s 123 largest metro areas contain a little Wmore than one-eighth of global population, but generate nearly one-third of global economic output. As societies and economies around the world have urbanized, they have upended the classic notion of a global city. No longer is the global economy driven by a select few major financial centers like New York, London, and Tokyo. Today, members of a vast and complex network of cities participate in international flows of goods, services, people, capital, and ideas, and thus make distinctive contributions to global growth and opportunity. And as the global economy continues to suffer from what the IMF terms “too slow growth for too long,” efforts to understand and enhance cities’ contributions to growth and prosperity become even more important. In view of these trends and challenges, this report redefines global cities. It introduces a new typology that builds from a first-of-its-kind database of dozens of indicators, standardized across the world’s 123 largest metro economies, to examine global city economic characteristics, industrial structure, and key competitive- ness factors: tradable clusters, innovation, talent, and infrastructure connectivity. The typology reveals that, indeed, there is no one way to be a global city.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHANNESBURG a Challenge to Action
    JOHANNESBURG AFRICA’S WORLD CITY A challenge to action EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Johannesburg is a ‘slipping world city’. Its future as an African suc- cess story and an attractive and competitive location for business and the skilled people who start up and run those businesses is not assured. The city is the nerve centre of the national and increasing- ly the subcontinent’s economy. Its decline will have an immeasura- ble impact on the country and the continent’s prospects and interna- tional image. Despite the laudable efforts of the current city council, the issues facing the city are not ones that the council can solve, or even adequately debate on its own. Johannesburg is one of the coun- try’s leading national priorities. Johannesburg can be a world-class city, a beacon of success on a con- tinent marked by failure and poverty. What is required is for key national and local leaders – the president, the cabinet, the ANC, business leaders and others – to have the courage to recognise the challenge, and act boldly to meet it. This is an executive summary of a research report entitled Johannesburg: Africa's world city – a challenge to action, released by the Centre for Development and Enterprise in October 2002. The full report is available from CDE. See back page for contact details. THE CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND ENTERPRISE JOHANNESBURG: AFRICA’S WORLD CITY INTRODUCTION This report, the fifth in CDE’s series on South African cities and globalisation, focuses on Johannesburg, the most important city in sub-Saharan Africa. Success for Africa’s leading city will have a dramatic impact on South Africa’s image and potential.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ORDER of APPEARANCES Urban Renewal in Johannesburg Mpho Matsipa
    THE ORDER OF APPEARANCES Urban Renewal in Johannesburg By Mpho Matsipa A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Nezar Alsayyad, Chair Professor Greig Crysler Professor Ananya Roy Spring 2014 THE ORDER OF APPEARANCES Urban Renewal in Johannesburg Mpho Matsipa TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Acknowledgements ii List of Illustrations iii List of Abbreviations vi EAVESDROPPING 1 0.1 Regimes of Representation 6 0.2 Theorizing Globalization in Johannesburg 9 0.2.1 Neo‐liberal Urbanisms 10 0.2.2 Aesthetics and Subject Formation 12 0.2.3 Race Gender and Representation 13 0.3 A note on Methodology 14 0.4 Organization of the Text 15 1 EXCAVATING AT THE MARGINS 17 1.1 Barbaric Lands 18 1.1.1 Segregation: 1910 – 1948 23 1.1.2 Grand Apartheid: 1948 – 1960s 26 1.1.3 Late Apartheid: 1973 – 1990s 28 1.1.4 Post ‐ Apartheid: 1994 – 2010 30 1.2 Locating Black Women in Johannesburg 31 1.2.1 Excavations 36 2 THE LANDSCAPE OF PUBLIC ART IN JOHANNESBURG 39 2.1 Unmapping the City 43 2.1.1 The Dying Days of Apartheid: 1970‐ 1994 43 2.1.2 The Fiscal Abyss 45 2.2 Pioneers of the Cultural Arc 49 2.2.1 City Visions 49 2.2.2 Birth of the World Class African City 54 2.2.3 The Johannesburg Development Agency 58 2.3 Radical Fragments 61 2.3.1 The Johannesburg Art in Public Places Policy 63 3 THE CITY AS A WORK OF ART 69 3.1 Long Live the Dead Queen 72 3.1.2 Dereliction Can be Beautiful 75 3.1.2 Johannesburg Art City 79 3.2 Frontiers 84 3.2.1 The Central Johannesburg Partnership 19992 – 2010 85 3.2.2 City Improvement Districts and the Urban Enclave 87 3.3 Enframing the City 92 3.3.1 Black Woman as Trope 94 3.3.2 Branding, Art and Real Estate Values 98 4 DISPLACEMENT 102 4.1 Woza Sweet‐heart 104 4.1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution and Source Identification of Mercury in Dust Affected by Gold Mining in Johannesburg, South Africa
    Proceedings of the International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering (RTESE'17) Toronto, Canada – August 23 – 25, 2017 Paper No. 104 DOI: 10.11159/rtese17.104 Spatial Distribution and Source Identification of Mercury in Dust Affected by Gold Mining in Johannesburg, South Africa Ewa M. Cukrowska, Bongani N. Yalala, Hlanganani Tutu, Luke Chimuka Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand P. Bag X3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract - Mercury concentrations (HgTOT) were analysed in total and size fractions in urban dust. The results showed that HgTOT -1 ranged from 270 to 1350 µg kg for PM25 particle size fraction. The distribution was as follows: HgIndustrial > HgCBD > HgResidential. The HgTOT showed a positive correlation with percent volume of the PM25 size fraction. This indicated that as the particles size decreased, the HgTOT increased. The dust was mainly characterized by high concentration levels of quartz (74.3 to 97.6 wt. %). The tailings dumps showed similar levels of quartz (65 to 81 wt. %), which indicated that tailings are the major anthropogenic sources of mercury in the dust. Both, the tailings dumps and the dust samples showed well defined crystalline structures of the quartz coated with trace elements. Keywords: Mercury, Particulate Matter, Dust, Tailings dumps 1. Introduction Gold mining in the Witwatersrand basin commenced in 1886, and the initial method of extraction was the mercury amalgamation. This process led to the generation of sand dumps, which are characterized by large particle sizes, are often domed shaped, and still contain small amount of gold (0.6 g t-1) [1].
    [Show full text]
  • New Labour Formations Organising Outside of Trade Unions, CWAO And
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE Research Report for the degree of Master of Arts in Industrial Sociology, submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Nkosinathi Godfrey Zuma Supervisor: Prof. Bridget C. Kenny Title: ‘Contingent organisation’ on the East Rand: New labour formations organising outside of trade unions, CWAO and the workers’ Solidarity Committee. Wits, Johannesburg, 2015 1 COPYRIGHT NOTICE The copyright of this research report rests with the University of the Witwaterand, Johannesburg, which it was submitted, in accordance with the University’s Intellectual Property Rights Procedures. No portion of this report may be produced or published without prior written authorization from the aurthor or the University. Extract of or qoutations from this research report may be included provided full acknowledgement of the aurthor and the University and in line with the University’s Intellectual Property Procedures. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My utmost appreciation goes to my supervisor Prof. Bridget Kenny for her endless intellectual guiedance and encouragement throughout this research report. It has been a great incalculable experience learning and be montored by Prof. Kenny. Without your support the complition of this report would be more difficult. I highly appreciate the warm welcome and support given to me by the Advice office (CWAO) in Germiston. My special thanks go to Ighsaan Schroeder for your support and permitting me access to your office. Thank you for the interviews you afforded me. Secondly, my special thanks go to Thabang Mohlala for your support and willingness to help me organise the interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • The South African Urban System Solène Baffi, Ivan Turok, Céline Vacchiani-Marcuzzo
    The South African Urban System Solène Baffi, Ivan Turok, Céline Vacchiani-Marcuzzo To cite this version: Solène Baffi, Ivan Turok, Céline Vacchiani-Marcuzzo. The South African Urban System. Rozenblat C., Pumain D., Velasquez E. International and Transnational perspectives on Urban Systems, Springer, pp.285-314, 2018, 978-981-10-7798-2. halshs-01774707 HAL Id: halshs-01774707 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01774707 Submitted on 23 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. En cours de publication The South African Urban System, in C. Rozenblat, D. Pumain and E. Velasquez (eds) International and Transnational perspectives on Urban Systems, Springer, June 2018 The South African Urban System Solène BAFFI, Geography Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, [email protected] Ivan TUROK, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, [email protected] Céline VACCHIANI-MARCUZZO*, University Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR 8504 Géographie-cités, Reims, France, [email protected] *: Corresponding author Abstract South Africa is often considered an unusual and extreme case in geography. One difficulty is whether to label this a developing country (like its neighbouring countries), a former colony (like the United States and Australia), or an emerging economy (like the BRICS group), because of its highly diverse and unevenly developed character.
    [Show full text]
  • Water and Development in the Context of the Greater
    Gold, Scorched Earth and Water: The Hydropolitics of Development in Johannesburg Paper presented to the Seminar on Water Management in Megacities at the Stockholm Water Symposium on 15 August 2004 By Anthony Turton Gibb-SERA Chair in IWRM & Universities Partnership for Transboundary Waters [email protected] With various inputs from Craig Schultz, Hannes Buckle, Mapule Kgomongoe, Tinyiko Maluleke & Mikael Drackner CSIR Report No: ENV-P-CONF 2004-022 Abstract Johannesburg is one of the few major cities of the world that does not lie on a river, a lake or a seafront. Since the discovery of gold in 1886, Johannesburg has grown from a dusty mining town to a major urban and industrial conurbation that houses and sustains a quarter of the total population of South Africa, accounting for 10% of the economic activity on the entire African continent. Water supply to Johannesburg is done by Rand Water, which is credited with sustaining the largest human concentration in the southern hemisphere that is not located on a river. This poses major challenges to engineers because the geology of the gold-bearing reef is also associated with the watershed between two major international river basins in Southern Africa – the Orange and the Limpopo. Being classified as Pivotal Basins1 in the Southern African Hydropolitical Complex, these two river basins form the strategic backbone to the economies of the four most economically developed countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region - South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe. In order to sustain the urban and industrial complex in the Greater Johannesburg Conurbation, massive Inter-Basin Transfers (IBTs) are necessary, posing a challenge to the notion of a river basin as a fundamental unit of management within the framework of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), because in essence every river basin in South Africa is now hydraulically connected to every other river basin, with this pattern starting to cross international borders in an increasingly complex web of transfer schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Countinent County Name Urban Name Lat. Lon
    Countinent County Name Urban Name Lat. Lon. Africa Algeria Algiers 36.76 3.05 Africa Algeria Wahran (Oran) 35.75 -0.63 Africa Angola Luanda -8.84 13.23 Africa Angola Huambo -12.76 15.75 Africa Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 12.37 -1.52 Africa Congo Brazzaville -4.25 15.26 Africa Congo Pointe-Noire -4.79 11.85 Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinshasa -4.3 15.3 Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Kisangani 0.55 25.23 Africa Dominican Republic Santo Domingo 18.47 -69.9 Africa Ethiopia Addis Ababa 9.03 38.7 Africa Guinea Conakry 9.51 -13.71 Africa Ivory Coast Yamoussoukro 6.82 -5.28 Africa Kenya Mombasa -4.05 39.67 Africa Kenya Nairobi -1.28 36.82 Africa Madagascar Antananarivo -18.92 47.52 Africa Malawi Lilongwe -13.98 33.78 Africa Mozambique Maputo -25.97 32.59 Africa Nigeria Enugu 6.43 7.48 Africa Nigeria Ilorin 8.53 4.57 Africa Nigeria Ibadan 7.39 3.9 Africa Nigeria Kano 12 8.52 Africa Nigeria Onitsha 6.17 6.78 Africa Nigeria Aba 5.1 7.35 Africa Rwanda Kigali -1.96 30.04 Africa Somalia Muqdisho (Mogadishu) 2.07 45.37 Africa South Africa Durban -29.85 31.02 Africa South Africa Vereeniging -26.68 27.93 Africa South Africa Port Elizabeth -33.97 25.58 Africa South Africa Ekurhuleni (East Rand) -26.25 28.33 Africa South Africa Johannesburg -26.2 28.08 Africa South Africa Pretoria -25.75 28.2 Africa Syrian Arab Republic Hamah 35.13 36.75 Africa Syrian Arab Republic Dimashq (Damascus) 33.5 36.31 Africa Syrian Arab Republic Halab (Aleppo) 36.2 37.17 Africa Togo Name not available 6.17 1.35 Africa Tunisia Tunis 36.8 10.18 Africa Uganda Kampala 0.32 32.58 Africa United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam -6.88 39.3 Africa Zambia Lusaka -15.43 28.33 Africa Zimbabwe Harare -17.83 31.05 America Canada Calgary 51.07 -114.06 America Canada Montril 45.57 -73.66 America Canada Ottawa-Gatineau 45.42 -75.71 America Canada Qubec 46.89 -71.34 America Canada Toronto 43.67 -79.42 America Canada Vancouver 49.27 -123.15 America U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional and Dysfunctional Urban Mass Transportation Systems in the Greater Gauteng Region of South Africa
    Sustainable Development and Planning V 737 Functional and dysfunctional urban mass transportation systems in the greater Gauteng region of South Africa J. Chakwizira1, P. Bikam2 & T. A. Adeboyejo1 1University of Venda, School of Environmental Sciences, Thohoyandou, South Africa 2Development Bank of Southern Africa, Midrand, South Africa Abstract The purpose of this article is to present some insights regarding functional and dysfunctional urban public mass transportation systems in the greater Gauteng region of South Africa. Making use of a case study approach that places greater Johannesburg and Pretoria region at the centre of the investigation, contextual urban public mass transport struggles and dialogues are reviewed. Employing the interview surveys and a synthesis approach, the capacity and capability of the existing urban public transport to meet expectations of the serviced population in the greater Johannesburg region is critiqued. The contribution and value add that recent improvements in public transport management such as the Gautrain and Rea Vaya Bus rapid Transit (BRT) are explored and urban public transport “pain points and hotspots” considered. The major conclusions of the paper revolve around implementing a package of innovative and alternative transport solutions and technologies to overcome various obstacles and constraints to improved public transport service and infrastructure delivery and sustainability. Keywords: urban public transport, rapid transit systems, interventions, greater Gauteng region, South Africa.
    [Show full text]