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ABSTRACT We Describe a New Species Of Volume 54(5):51‑62, 2014 Aceito em: 08/01/2014 Publicado em: 31/03/2014 NUEVA ESPECIE DE RANA DEL GÉNERO PRISTIMANTIS DEL GRUPO LACRIMOSUS (AMPHIBIA: CRAUGASTORIDAE) DEL PARQUE NACIONAL SANGAY, ECUADOR DIEGO BATALLAS R.1,2,3 JORGE BRITO M.1,2,4 ABSTRACT We describe a new species of terrestrial frog of the genus Pristimantis of medium-size (the SVL of males from 22.18 to 25.13 mm) found in the cloud forests of the eastern foothills of the Sangay National Park, located in the mid-eastern region of Ecuador at an elevation of 2750 meters. We assign the new species Pristimantis latericius sp. nov., to the Pristimantis lacrimosus group, differentiating it from the rest of the members of this group for having prominent tubercles on the upper eyelid and red-orange coloration on its dorsum. Calls are short, one-note, with two harmonic bands. In the last few years in the Sangay National Park, important faunal developments have been made. However further studies are necessary to help document the ecology and natural history of the amphibians, as they will help to understand ecological processes. The discovery of this and other new species in this region demonstrates its biological importance, validating the development of conservation plans in this important World Heritage Site. Key-Words: New species; Parque Nacional Sangay; Pristimantis lacrimosus group; Pristi- mantis latericius sp. nov.; calls. INTRODUCCIÓN género Pristimantis, superado solamente por Colom- bia con 208 especies (Frost, 2014). Las ranas de lluvia del género Pristimantis exhi- El grupo Pristimantis lacrimosus contiene 18 es- ben el mayor número de especies dentro de los verte- pecies, mismas que habitan los bosques de la vertiente brados con 469 especies, centrando su mayor diversi- oriental amazónica y Pacifica desde Colombia hasta dad en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú (Frost, 2014); en Bolivia (Hedges et al., 2008); seis especies del gru- Ecuador el género Pristimantis presenta 166 especies po lacrimosus se encuentran en Ecuador (Ron et al., (85 endémicas) de las 544 especies de anfibios descri- 2014): Pristimantis lacrimosus (Jiménez de la Espada, tas formalmente (Ron et al., 2014), esta cifra posicio- 1875) se distribuye desde el noroeste de Brasil, norte na al Ecuador como el segundo país más diverso del de Perú y amazonia de Ecuador (Lynch & Duellman, 1. Fundación Naturaleza Kakaram, Santa Rosa 158 BL B Dep 2, Quito, Ecuador. Casilla postal 17-07-9920, Quito, Ecuador, y Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Yaguachi y Numa Pompillo Llona, Sector El Dorado. 2. Investigador associado al Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Casilla 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador. 3. E-mail: [email protected] 4. E-mail: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.05 52 Batallas R., D. & Brito M., J: Nuevo PRISTIMANTIS del Parque Nacional Sangay, Ecuador 1980); P. aureolineatus (Guayasamin et al., 2006) y y preservados según los protocolos de Simmons (2002). P. waoranii (McCracken et al., 2007) han sido descri- Las medidas se tomaron con un calibrador digital Bu- tas en la última década con material proveniente de ffalo Tools (precisión de ± 0.01 mm), en cada medida la amazonia baja ecuatoriana; dos especies del grupo se realizó tres repeticiones. Las abreviaturas usadas en el se encuentran distribuidas en los bosques montanos texto son: LRC: longitud rostro-cloaca; LC: longitud de la vertiente oriental amazónica: P. bromeliaceus de la cabeza (desde el borde posterior del escamoso has- (Lynch, 1979; Duellman & Lynch, 1988; Duellman ta la punta del hocico); AC: ancho de la cabeza (medido & Lehr, 2009; Frenkel et al., 2012; Brito & Almen- a nivel de las mandíbulas posteriores); APS: ancho del dáriz, 2013) y P. schultei (Duellman & Lehr, 2009; parpado superior; DI: distancia interorbital (entre bor- Yánez-Muñoz et al., 2012); y P. eremitus (Lynch, des proximales de los parpados); DO: diámetro ocu- 1980) que habita en las estribaciones occidentales de lar (distancia horizontal); DON: distancia ojo-narina los Andes, desde el suroccidente de Colombia hasta el (desde el margen anterior de la órbita hasta el margen noroccidente de Ecuador (Lynch & Duellman, 1997; posterior de la narina; DOT: distancia ojo-tímpano Yánez-Muñoz & Bejarano-Muñoz, 2013). (medido desde el borde proximal del ojo al borde dis- El Parque Nacional Sangay (PNS) se ubica en tal del tímpano); DT: diámetro del tímpano (distancia la región centro andina de Ecuador, abarca cuatro horizontal); DIN: distancia internarial (distancia entre provincias, Tungurahua, Chimborazo, Cañar y Mo- los bordes proximales de las narinas); LA: longitud del rona Santiago. Políticamente, la mayor parte del te- antebrazo; LM: longitud de la mano (distancia des- rritorio (80%) se encuentra en la vertiente oriental de de el borde proximal del tubérculo palmar interno a los Andes en Morona Santiago (Rivera-Rossi, 2006). la punta del dedo III; LDM (I): longitud del I dedo Fue creado en 1975 como Reserva Sangay, en 1979 se manual (tomado desde el borde interno del tubérculo lo declara como Parque Nacional Sangay, en 1980 es tenar hasta la punta del disco); LDM (II): longitud del declarado por la UNESCO como Patrimonio Natu- II dedo manual; ADM (III): ancho del disco del III ral de la Humanidad (INEFAN, 1998; ECOLAP & dedo manual; ADP (IV): ancho del disco del IV dedo MAE, 2007); tiene un vasto territorio comprendido pedial; LF: longitud del fémur; LT: longitud de la tibia en 502.105,03 ha, posee 327 lagunas, tres volcanes: (desde la rodilla flexionada hasta el talón); LP: longi- Sangay, Tungurahua y El Altar (Rivera-Rossi, 2006). tud del pie (tomado desde el margen proximal del tu- El PNS forma parte del Complejo Ecorregional de los bérculo metatarsal interno hasta la punta del disco del Andes del Norte, constituye una unidad de conserva- dedo IV). La morfometría y términos aplicados siguen ción de alta prioridad en los Andes Tropicales basándo- a Lynch & Duellman (1997); Rueda & Lynch (1983); se en criterios como su alta biodiversidad de especies, Savage (2002) y Duellman & Lehr (2009). El sexo se su amplio gradiente altitudinal (700-5230 msnm), determinó por disección (comprobando la presencia una precipitación anual de (500-4000 mm), la repre- de testículos y/u oviductos) y comprobación de pre- sentatividad de unidades biogeográficas y su alto gra- sencia/ausencia de aberturas bucales. do de endemismo (Bajaña et al., 2002). La coloración en vida se tomó de las notas de En el presente manuscrito describimos una nue- campo y fotografías de los especímenes. El material va especie de rana terrestre del género Pristimantis, examinado (APÉNDICE 1) se encuentra depositado proveniente de esta importante zona de diversidad en la sección de Herpetología del Museo de Histo- y endemismo. La descripción de esta nueva especie ria Natural Gustavo Orcés de la Escuela Politécnica es el resultado de una serie de investigaciones que se Nacional (MEPN), Museo de Zoología de la Ponti- han venido desarrollando en los bosques montanos ficia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) y en del PNS desde el año 2010, cuyo principal objetivo la división de herpetología del Museo Ecuatoriano de fue inventariar los pequeños vertebrados (anfibios y Ciencias Naturales (DHMECN). Para los especíme- pequeños mamíferos), por ser una de las zonas menos nes MEPN las coordenadas geográficas UTM fueron exploradas y estudiadas del Ecuador. tomadas según el datum geodésico WGS 84 con un GPS Garmin map 76CSx. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Llamadas Caracteres analizados Las llamadas se registraron con una grabadora Los especímenes colectados fueron sacrificados digital Olympus WS-750, conectada a un micrófono según las recomendaciones de Chen & Combs (1999) unidireccional Sennheiser K6-C. La temperatura y Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 54(5), 2014 53 humedad se midieron con un termómetro ambiental definiciones de Duellman & Pyles (1983); Cocroft & marca Springfiel. Para los análisis acústicos se utilizó Ryan (1995) y Díaz & Cádiz (2007). el programa Adobe Audition 3.0 a una frecuencia de muestreo de 44.1 kHz y 16 “bits” de resolución (Al- mendáriz & Batallas, 2012); en la diagramación del RESULTADOS oscilograma y sonograma se utilizó el programa Raven 1.4 (Charif et al., 2010). Las grabaciones de la especie Pristimantis latericius sp. nov. nueva se obtuvieron el 11 de abril del 2012 del ejem- (Figs. 1A‑B; 2‑4) plar MEPN 14430. Los parámetros que se analizaron fueron: Holotipo: Un macho adulto (MEPN 15135, numero (1) Frecuencia dominante: frecuencia de mayor ener- de campo JBM 445), colectado en Tinguichaca, Parque gía medida a lo largo de toda la llamada, determinado Nacional Sangay (78°26’42.14”O, 02°13’48.72”S, con la transformación rápida de Fourier; (2) Armóni- 2750 m), parroquia Zuñac, cantón Morona, provincia cos: frecuencias armónicas presentes en los llamados; de Morona Santiago, República del Ecuador, el 22 de (3) Llamados/minuto: tasas de repetición de los lla- julio del 2012, por Jorge Brito M. mados en el lapso de un minuto; (4) Notas/llamado: número de unidades acústicas de un determinado pa- Paratopotipos: Cinco machos adultos: (MEPN trón de amplitud reconocido en los llamados; (5) Du- 14427-30), colectados el 28 de noviembre del 2011 y ración de los llamados: tiempo desde el inicio hasta (MEPN 14425) colectado el 29 de febrero del 2012, to- el final de un llamado, medido con el analizador de dos recolectados en la localidad tipo, por Jorge Brito M. forma de onda; (6) Intervalos entre llamados: tiempo transcurrido entre llamado y llamado. Las terminolo- Etimología: El epíteto es un adjetivo del término grie- gías utilizadas en los parámetros se siguieron según las go latericius que significa ladrillo, el mismo que hace FIGURA 1: Holotipo de Pristimantis latericius sp. nov., y miembros del grupo lacrimosus presentes en Ecuador.
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