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Initial Environmental Examination

January 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project Rehabilitation of Ilaya to Datag Access Road in Inabanga, Bohol

Prepared by Municipality of Inabanga, Province of Bohol for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 03 December 2018 Year) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.019052 $1.00 = PhP 52.4864

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BUB Bottom-Up Budgeting CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DED Detail Engineering Design DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EHSM Environmental Health and Safety Manager EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist GAD Gender and Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IROW Infrastructure Right of Way LGU Local Government Unit LPRAT Local Poverty Reduction Action Team MDC Municipal Development Council NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines NCB National Competitive Bidding NECA Non-Environmental Critical Area NECP Non-Environmental Critical Project NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP National Road Improvement and Management Program NRM Natural Resources Management OMC Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous and Contractor’s PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PDR Project Description Report PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPMO Provincial Project Management Offices PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit

II POs Peoples’ Organizations PSA Philippine Statistics Authority RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right of Way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD Standard Bidding Document SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Safeguards Specialist TA Technical Assistance TOR Terms of Reference

iii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level mm – millimeter mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgment as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 2 A. Environmental Clearance Requirements ...... 2 1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 2 2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ...... 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 6 A. Overview ...... 6 B. Project Location ...... 6 C. Project Rationale ...... 7 D. Project Development Plan ...... 8 1. Project Components ...... 8 2. Description of the Project Phases ...... 8 E. Manpower Requirements ...... 9 F. Project Cost ...... 10 G. Project Duration and Schedule ...... 11 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 12 A. Elevation and Slope ...... 12 B. Geology...... 14 C. Soils ...... 14 D. Water Quality ...... 16 E. Land Classification ...... 16 F. Land Cover and Land Use ...... 17 G. Climate ...... 18 1. Baseline Climate ...... 18 2. Climate Scenario for Bohol in 2020 and 2050...... 19 H. Hydrology ...... 21 I. Natural Hazards ...... 21 J. Biological Environment ...... 22 1. Flora ...... 22 2. Fauna ...... 23 K. Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 24 1. Population ...... 24 2. Water Supply...... 24 3. Indigenous Peoples and People’s Organization ...... 24 4. Education ...... 24 5. Health and Sanitation ...... 25 6. Housing ...... 25 7. Electricity ...... 25 8. Communication ...... 25 9. Income and Expenditure ...... 25 10. Tourism ...... 25 11. Commerce and Industry ...... 26 12. Road and Transportation ...... 26 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 27 A. Pre-Construction ...... 29 1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ...... 29 2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done ...... 29 3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work ...... 29 4. Recruitment of workers ...... 30 B. Construction ...... 30 1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ...... 30

v 2. Clearing and removal of obstructions ...... 30 3. Soil erosion ...... 30 4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road ...... 31 5. Civil works (Concrete Pavement) ...... 31 6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure ...... 31 7. Dust and noise from borrow pits ...... 32 8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure ...... 32 9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system ...... 32 10. Water quality ...... 32 11. Construction drainage system ...... 33 12. Workers health, safety and hygiene ...... 33 13. Traffic safety and management ...... 34 14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ...... 34 15. Damaged to properties ...... 34 16. Concrete washout ...... 34 17. Use of Hazardous Substances ...... 35 18. Public safety ...... 35 C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase ...... 35 1. Operation of upgraded access road ...... 35 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 36 A. Stakeholder Consultations ...... 36 B. Information Disclosure ...... 39 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 39 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 41 A. Implementation Arrangements ...... 41 B. Environmental Mitigation ...... 43 C. Environmental Monitoring ...... 56 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 59 A. Conclusion ...... 59 B. Recommendations ...... 60 APPENDICES ...... 62

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Rehabilitation of the Access Road ...... 7 Figure 2: Location Map of the Inabanga Watershed ...... 13 Figure 3: Elevation and Slope Range Distribution of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation ...... 13 Figure 4: Geology Map of the Inabanga Watershed ...... 15 Figure 5: Soil Map of the Entire Inabanga Watershed ...... 15 Figure 6: Land Classification Map of the Influenced area ...... 17 Figure 7: Monthly Rainfall and Temperature Conditions in Inabanga, Bohol ...... 19 Figure 8: Projected monthly rainfall change under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) in Tagbilaran City, Bohol ...... 20 Figure 9: Projected Change in Monthly Average Mean Temperature (°C) under Medium- range Emission Scenario (A1B) Tagbilaran City, Bohol ...... 21 Figure 10: Distribution of Watersheds in Bohol Province ...... 22 Figure 11: Road network in Inabanga, Bohol ...... 26

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories ...... 3 Table 2: EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects ...... 4 Table 3. Breakdown of cost estimates for the road rehabilitation project ...... 11 Table 4: Implementation Schedule ...... 12 Table 5: Common Recorded Birds in Inabanga Watershed ...... 23 Table 6. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed rehabilitation sub-project...... 27 Table 7. Results of the stakeholder’s consultations at Brgy. Ilaya, Inabanga Bohol ...... 37 Table 8. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation...... 42 Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 43 Table 10.Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 57

vii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Photographs of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject ...... 63 Appendix 2. Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Ilaya ...... 64 Appendix 3. Brgy. Ilaya Minutes; Endorsement; Attendance; Photo Documentation ...... 68 Appendix 4. PO Resolution Endorsing the Sub-project ...... 81 Appendix 5. Grievance Intake Form ...... 89

viii

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Rehabilitation of Access Road in Brgy. Ilaya in Inabanga, Bohol. This Sub-project is the rehabilitation of the existing access road with an estimated length of 2.552 km. It is located within the alienable and disposable area of the barangay leading to the NRM site of INREMP. It is seen to directly benefit the students and the farmers in the influenced area. Major components of the sub- projects are the provisions of the following: 2.552 km - including improvements to 234 m existing concrete pavement, slope protection, line canal, pipe culvert and rehabilitation of existing pipe culverts.

2. The objective of the Rehabilitation of Ilaya to Datag Access Road is to uplift the quality of life of the people thru the provision of all-year-round easy access thereby improving the delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support the NRM project activities of the constituents.

3. The Sub-project has been categorized by ADB as Category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of Inabanga’s rural infrastructure sub-project and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different sub-project phases and formulation of corresponding mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Inabanga in cooperation with RPCO, PMU, WMCO and POs.

4. The estimated total sub-project cost is Php 19,620,000.00. Majority of the project cost will come from the DENR - INREMP and LGU, with a cost sharing of 80% and 20%, respectively. It is assumed that the benefits of the sub-project will be in terms of economic gains from the sub-project, reduction in fare, travel time, and cost of transporting agricultural produce.

5. The sub-project is located within the alienable and disposable area of the barangay leading to the NRM site of INREMP. This is compliant to the INREMP technical bulletin No. 1- 2 April 04 2017 that allows access road in A&D leading to NRM sites.

6. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed rehabilitation given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to the implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. 1

7. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the sub-project. A series of consultations with barangay Ilaya and the local government of Inabanga confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development.

8. A grievance redress mechanism will be established by the LGU prior to commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance will be addressed promptly.

9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU, through its Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer, will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in bid and contract documents for detailed design, project supervision, and civil works. During construction, they will closely conduct monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. A semi-annual monitoring report to be consolidated by the NPCO will be submitted to ADB for clearance and disclosure.

10. The major positive impact of the project will be economic gains and better accessibility. The sub-project will directly benefit people located within the barangay providing improved access and economic development. The sub-project would also improve the environment in terms of reduced soil erosion and landslides through slope stabilization measures and construction of retaining structures. Dust generation from the damaged roads, health risks to the roadside communities, and damage to the biological environment will be reduced by pavement improvement and soil erosion control measures.

11. This Sub-project will have an overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

12. According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories

A. List of ECPs

As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981)

1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro- chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants

2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects)

3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges

As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996)

4. All golf course projects

B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981)

1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries

2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots

3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna)

4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests

5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes

6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.)

7. Areas with critical slopes

8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands

9. Recharged areas of aquifers

10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities

11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood.

12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

13. Based on their type, size and location, the projects have been classified into 3 major groups:

• Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1.

• Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non- Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘based on the size of the project (see Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non Coverage’.

• Group III (Non Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non- Environmentally Critical Projects in Non- Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

Table 2: EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects

Project Type Project size EIA Report Type Required/Decision Document parameter Group I Group II Environmental Initial Environmental Project Description Impact Examination (IEE Report Report (PDR)/ CNC Statement (EIS)/ (IEER) or IEE Checklist ECC (IECC)/ ECC Bridges and Length >= 10 km >=80m but <=10 km Regardless of length viaducts new for foot bridges; < construction 80m for other bridges Roads, new Length with no critical >= 20km >= 2 km but <20km < 2 km construction slope or or or and widening Length with critical >=10km >=2km but <10km (including slope RO- RO facilities) Tunnels and Length >=10 km < 1 km sub-grade roads and railways

14. This sub-project is an improvement of existing barangay road which falls under the group of Non-ECP. Given that the sub-project is a rehabilitation of access road with no more than 50% increase in capacity, the Inabanga LGU is now concurrently processing its application for IEE checklist. Environmental consideration of the proposed project will be

4 incorporated in an Environmental Management Plan where possible adverse impacts will be identified including the corresponding mitigating measures and following the DENR.

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

15. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the four (4) environmental categories (A, B, C or FI) as follows: • Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required. • Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required. • Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed. • Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s sub-projects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

16. According to Philippine environmental guidelines, the project or sub-project can be considered whether under Group II or III, while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. Hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Overview

17. The general objective of the Rehabilitation of Ilaya to Datag Access Road is to uplift the quality of life of the people thru the provision of all-year-round easy access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support the national resources management project activities of the constituents.

18. To ensure the access of communities to basic social services delivery, repair and maintenance of roads, spillways and drainage systems are among the infrastructure concerns identified by the community and specifically expressed in their Annual Investment Plan for specific funding assistance by the local government unit.

B. Project Location

19. Inabanga is a coastal municipality situated at the northwestern part of Bohol approximately seventy-two (72) kilometers from Tagbilaran City, the provincial capital of Bohol. It can be reached in 1.5 hours by land through all-weather roads. It is bounded by: Northeast: Buenavista; Southeast: Danao; South: Clarin; and Southwest: Sagbayan. The municipality is located at the mouth of the Inabanga River, the largest river in Bohol. The distance from Poblacion to Barangay Ilaya influence area is 11 kilometers.

20. The Municipality of Inabanga is part of the Inabanga Sub-Watershed of the Wahig- Inabanga River Basin, Province of Bohol, Region 7 (Central Visayas Region). One of the current major problems of the municipality is the bad condition of several barangay roads.

21. The proposed road infrastructure (RI) sub-project is located in barangay Ilaya. The sub-project is located within the alienable and disposable area of the barangay leading to the NRM site of INREMP (Figure 1 and Appendix No. 1). Major components of the sub-projects are the provisions of the following: 2.552 km - including improvements to 234 m existing concrete pavement, slope protection, line canal, pipe culvert, and rehabilitation of existing pipe culverts.

22. Based on the environmental characterization of the project site done during the field reconnaissance survey, the project is not located in an environmentally critical area and the field data were supplemented with secondary information gathered from the DENR Regional Office and CENRO and other relevant data such as watershed management plan, environmental reports, and feasibility studies undertaken by national and local agencies.

Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Rehabilitation of the Access Road

C. Project Rationale

23. The Rehabilitation of Access Road in Brgy. Ilaya is located within the A&D area. Most of the beneficiaries are farmers who rely heavily on agricultural products as their main source of income, safe and lower costs in transporting and hauling their harvests are among the prime needs that ought to be addressed as early as possible.

24. The main livelihood of the community within the influenced barangay is farming. However, these activities are very much affected by the poor condition of the road. During rainy season, the road becomes muddy and hardly passable and dusty during summer. Based on the data above, health is another issue and they need access to more additional health services. The transport condition also makes the fare rates high in which people tend to get their basic needs from unscrupulous businessmen engaged in trading or middlemen in the area. Also, the quality of farm produce transported to the main market will lessen if the road is rough. The lack of access also deprives them of the ability to take advantage of job opportunities.

25. During a series of consultations with the municipal and barangay officials, the major problem identified by the community was the poor access to road. Because of this, the farmers are forced to sell their agricultural products to traders who go into the area and buy their products at a very low price. The traders tell the farmers that revenues would be lower due to transportation cost and hauling if they sell them to the market.

26. There will be many opportunities that this rehabilitated access road will bring. Foremost of which will be the additional income of the farmers and the people due to the enhancement of their farming systems and maximization utilization of the area. Other factors that would contribute to income or savings generation are the following: reduction of time in transporting their produce and finished products, increase of enrollees in Ilaya Elementary School, decrease of maternal and infant mortality rate due to the increase of frequency of health personnel going to the area, and the decrease of transportation fare rates due to the reduction of vehicular operating cost. Other potential livelihoods that will emerge are backyard poultry and/or piggery, commercial high value crops, and eco-tourism development and other related activities.

27. Employment during the construction will be made available to the local residents in accordance with their skills and capabilities in support of the Gender and Development program of the government; labor, skilled and unskilled, will be from the barangay. Women will also be employed. It may address some of the poverty situation as it decreases costs and prices and enhances trade and employment opportunities. Transportation indirectly alleviates poverty since the lack of access deprives them of the ability to take advantage of job opportunities and even of very basic social services. Reliable access to schools and health services for the poor contributes directly to their accumulation of human capital which is a key factor in poverty alleviation in as much as jobs and basic social services are relatively highly valued by the poor.

D. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

28. The scope of works for the sub-project is composed of 2.552 km including improvements to 234 m existing concrete pavement, slope protection, line canal, pipe culvert and rehabilitation of existing pipe culverts.

29. The total project cost is Php 19,620,000.00 considering all the sub-project components which include the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (material+labor+equipment).

30. The direct cost has the amount of PhP 15,206,319.43. The overhead, contingencies and miscellaneous (OCM) and Contractor’s Profit will be the same percentage 8% of the direct cost. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 12% as required by the government.

2. Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase/Pre-Development Phase

31. The pre-construction phase involves the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community 8 for the entry of the project to the site, conduction of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed engineering plans and programs of work, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, NGO service providers, community beneficiaries especially the Peoples’ organizations, and contractors.

b. Construction/Development Phase

32. The construction phase involves the mobilization of construction equipment, construction workers and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end with the demobilization of construction equipment, workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community residents under the close supervision of the Sub-Project Management Unit.

c. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase

33. The operation and maintenance phase involves the actual maintenance of the rehabilitated access road during its expected economic life. This will involve the designation of a spoil storage area at least 25 meters away from water bodies for proper disposal of excavated materials, wet areas of dust sources along vehicle route, and regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals.

d. Abandonment Phase

34. This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment.

35. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left-over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails and welding roads) and lumber.

E. Manpower Requirements

36. Construction activities will require hiring of manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms.

37. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project.

38. The contractor shall employ qualified and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

F. Project Cost

39. The sub-project cost has an estimated total amount of Php 19,620,000.00 considering all the sub-project components which include the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (material+labor+equipment).

40. Following the agreed financing mix of the sub-project, 80% of the total sub-project cost as presented will be covered by the project and the remaining 20% will be borne by the LGU proponent (Inabanga, Bohol) as equity counterpart which will be appropriated by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) from the local development fund.

41. The breakdown of cost estimates is presented in Table 3.

42. Aside from the equity counterpart provided by the LGU for the sub-project, they also allocated some amount intended for the preparation of the project such as seminars, preparation of feasibility study (or sub-project proposal document) and detailed engineering, survey of the project site and some evaluation by the personnel from different sectors who are involved in the implementation of the sub-project.

43. Asian Development Bank and other foreign funding institutions together with the DENR will provide the budget needed for capacity development trainings. It will enhance the skills of the proponent and POs as well as provide additional learnings on the guidelines and best practices on Infrastructure project implementation.

Table 3. Breakdown of cost estimates for the road rehabilitation project

G. Project Duration and Schedule

44. After the provision of technical assistance provided by the National Project Coordinating Office (NPCO), the LGU-SPMU will finalize the “full blown” proposal or the Sub- project Proposal Document (SPD). The completed SPD was submitted to NPCO for review and concurrence. When found substantial enough, it was endorsed to the PPMC for the request of approval. During these stages, the DED was simultaneously prepared by the LGU Engineering Unit and was completed at the time of the approval by the PPMC. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved by the council. Procurement period should take three (3) months to comply with the ADB Procurement Guidelines. Construction as indicated in the prepared Bar Chart of Construction Schedule will take eleven months assuming that there will be no delay. The 340 construction calendar days may start on middle of April 2019 and should end on mid of February 2020. After the target completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents and the turn-over ceremonies shall also take place at the same time. Finally, maintenance and sustainability activities will be performed on April 2020 which will include the adaptation of the required MOA for maintenance of the facility and sustainability training which will be provided by the NPCO. See the table below for the illustration of the indicative implementation schedule.

Table 4: Implementation Schedule

2018 2019 2020 Sub-project J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A Milestones SPD Preparation Review of SPD SPD Approval DED Preparation Procurement Stage Construction Stage Completion and Turn-over O & M Activity

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

45. Wahig -Inabanga River Basin is the largest watershed in Bohol. It is composed of four major watershed components, namely; Wahig-Pamacsalan, Danao, Dagohoy and Inabanga covering an area of about 62,795.74 hectares. Most of the land areas are classified as alienable and disposable lands.

46. Inabanga watershed is located at the northern part of the province of Bohol (Figure 2). It is one of the watersheds of Wahig-Inabanga River Basin. It has a total area of 14,111 hectares covering the municipalities of Inabanga, Sagbayan, Danao, Dagohoy and Carmen which expands to 59 barangays. Out of the five municipalities, the municipality of Inabanga has the biggest area covering 38 barangays and occupied 58% of the total area of the whole Inabanga watershed. Having this extent, the watershed is second to Dagohoy watershed in terms of area. The headwaters of Inabanga Watershed emanate from Wahig and Pamacsalan rivers flowing through the three watersheds. It traverses 6 municipalities namely: Sierra Bullones, Pilar, Dagohoy, San Miguel, Danao and Inabanga.

A. Elevation and Slope

47. Inabanga watershed has an elevation that ranges from 0 to 400 meters above sea level. Highest elevation is observed in the municipality of Dagohoy and Carmen where the elevation ranges from 300 to 400 meters above sea level. It has a slope that varies from level to gently sloping, undulating, moderately steep to very steep and hilly.

48. The influence area has an elevation ranging from of 40 to180 meters above sea level and a very minimal number of big trucks (especially diesel powered) goes into this barangay. However, the proposed subproject has an elevation ranging from 48 to 157 m asl with an average slope of 9.3% (Figure 3). 12

Figure 2: Location Map of the Inabanga Watershed

Figure 3: Elevation and Slope Range Distribution of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation

B. Geology

49. Geological composition of Inabanga Watershed includes Maribojoc limestone, undifferentiated andesite and basalt lava flows, alluvium, and Carmen formation

50. The following are the description of the geologic formation in Inabanga Watershed:

Undifferentiated Andesite, basalt lava flows. Undifferentiated Andesite is closely related and or similar to Ubay Volcanics (BOHOL).. Ubay Volcanic is a thick extensive, basaltic to Andesite flows mostly sheared, interbedded and/or intercalated in places with clastic rocks. Fissured basalt normally has high permeability and good groundwater development potential.

Carmen Formation. The Carmen Formation is distributed mainly in the eastern part of Bohol occupying 30 to 40 percent of the total island area. This low dipping thick sedimentary sequence is essentially composed of shale, sandstone, slabby to massive limestone, conglomerate, siltstone, marl and some Tuffaceous and siliceous facies. The conglomerate of this formation occurs around Dimiao, the southern coast and along Tanguhay River. This formation has a low groundwater potential which primarily provides water for Level 1 systems.

Maribojoc Limestone. The Maribojoc Limestone is found extensively in the western part of Bohol. It is mainly massive or lagoonal limestone and creamy to brownish yellow. It is also coralline, porous and in some places marly or agglomeratic. The rock resembles the Carcar Formation of Cebu. Bedding planes are generally flat though poorly bedded. It is more likely that it was formed either after the deposition of the Sierra Bullones Limestone during Late Miocene, or after the Jagna Andesite activity (Sajona et al. 1986).

Talibon Diorite. Talibon Diorite consists of quartz, feldspar and biotite intruded into the metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks producing hydrothermal alteration along the contacts. These rocks have poor groundwater potential; however, water for domestic use in rural areas can be obtained from weathered zone thru dug wells.

C. Soils

51. Inabanga watershed has seven types of soil namely Bantog clay, Batuan Faraon complex, Bolinao clay, Calape clay loam, Hydrosol, Inabanga clay and Ubay clay (Annex B Table 13 and Figure 4). Among these types, Batuan Faraon clay has the largest area comprising 6,384 hectares or 45% of the total area of the watershed, followed by Inabanga clay with 2,772 hectares. On the other hand, the Hydrosol type of soil comprises 246 hectares and 12 hectares unclassified. 14

Figure 4: Geology Map of the Inabanga Watershed

Figure 5: Soil Map of the Entire Inabanga Watershed

D. Water Quality

52. The Inabanga Watershed was classified as Class D water. A ‘Class D’ classified water ways is intended for navigation. The classification also takes into consideration the component of water quality management since the application of effluent standards is dependent on this classification. 53. The collection of water samples was made on October 28, 2014. The standard procedures in the conduct of water quality monitoring (i.e., field sampling, transport, preservation, analysis and sample chain custody) were strictly followed. The samples were properly preserved before and during the transport to the TECHNOLAB Analytical Group, Inc. Laboratory in Cebu City. The analysis was undertaken following the prescribed method of analysis (Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater). Physical and chemical parameters as indicators of water quality include, among others, the following: pH, temperature, conductivity (us/cm), COD, Ca (mg/L), Nitrate - N (mg/L), Phosphate (mg/L), total microbiological analysis, total coliform (MPN/100 mL), and fecal coliform (MPN/100 mL). As a result, the water quality characteristics of the Inabanga Watershed are described based on guidelines indicated in DAO No. 8 Series of 2016 as follows: • The Inabanga Watershed mean temperature is 27°C which indicates that the water in the watershed is within the normal range for surface water. • Average pH value is 8.08 taken from different monitoring points showing that the water quality of Inabanga watershed conformed to the standard set by DENR. • The result of conductivity in Inabanga watershed has an average value of 0.49 µS/cm, which means minimum concentration of electrolyte ions has low conductivity. • The average salinity is 2.32 ppt which indicates that the water in the watershed has low salinity. • Total Dissolved Solids show low levels of dissolved solids compared to the standard set by DENR which is 1000 mg/L. This result is in conformity with the prescribed standard of DENR. • The result of the Chemical Oxygen Demand in Inabanga Watershed has the average value of 18 mg/L. The DENR does not have a guideline value for chemical oxygen demand. • The water in the watershed has a low value of Calcium (Ca, mg/L). • The watershed has a low value of Nitrate-N. • The Inabanga Watershed is below the set standard for total phosphate. • The Inabanga Watershed has a value of 0.01 to 0.02 phosphates which is below the set standard. • Amount of Nitrate average is 0.47 which indicate that the water in the watershed has a low value of Nitrate-N. • Fecal coliform in Inabanga watershed from existing monitoring stations has a value of 4.8x102 Most Probable Number (MPN) in station 1, 1.1x102 MPN in station 2, 1.6x104 MPN in station 3, 9.2x103 in station 4, and 1.6x104 MPN in station 5.

E. Land Classification

54. Based on the records from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the Municipality of Inabanga has a total land area of 13,868 hectares or it is about 3.18% of

16 the area of Bohol province. Roughly eighty-eight percent or 12,170 hectares is alienable and disposable lands and twelve percent or 1,698 hectares is timberland or forestlands. It is composed of fifty (50) barangays, twelve (12) of which are coastal, thirty-six (36) are inland and two (2) are island barangays with a total population of 51,070 and 10,197 households.

55. Of the total hectares of 850 hectares covered by barangay Ilaya, more than 30% of grassland and 26% is used for agricultural purposes. Other land uses include agroforestry, tree plantation and other special uses.

56. The sub-project is located within the alienable and disposable area of the barangay leading to the NRM site of INREMP. This is compliant of the INREMP Technical Bulletin No. 1-2 April 04 2017 that allows access road in A&D leading to NRM sites.

Figure 6: Land Classification Map of the Influenced area

F. Land Cover and Land Use

57. There are areas in the municipality which are covered by Proclamation No. 468 as amended to Presidential Proclamation 223 “Wahig Inabanga River Watershed Forest Reserve”. Among the barangays affected are Baguhan, Ilaya, Datag, Riverside, Sua, San Jose, Cagawasan, Tungod, Ondol, Bugang, Lawis and Sto. Niño. Considering that the municipality is dominated by rivers and mangrove areas, it is very important that easements and buffer zones shall be provided along its river banks, mangrove and forest development shall be enhanced so that human settlements shall be protected. Also, soil erosion should be prevented in which it might cause floods and siltation in the coastal zone

58. The topography of the influenced area is characterized by level plains on the northern portion which gently undulate to hills and mountains on the southern part. Of the total area of 850 hectares covered by barangay Ilaya, more than 30% is grassland and 26% is used for agricultural purposes. Other land uses include agroforestry, tree plantation, and other special uses.

59. There are only two (2) households living in makeshift houses in the barangay. Of which, one (1) household is located in the project influence area. The distance of this single household is more than 10 meters from the side of the road. In general, most of the houses in the barangay are made of light construction materials for its wall and 50% have strong roofing system.

60. Although the project will traverse into production areas, no trees, crops and other assets encroachment at the easement and right of way of the road. The proposed road access rehabilitation will not cause adverse impact on the environment.

G. Climate

1. Baseline Climate

61. Based on Modified Corona’s Classification System, the area has a Type IV climate which is characterized by more or less evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year (Agpaoa et al. 1975). The climate is influenced by southwest originating monsoons, and is relatively dry from March to May. The wet season is from June to December. a. Rainfall

62. The observed mean monthly rainfall based on 2018 records ranges from 60 mm to 204 mm. The driest months are March to May ranging from 60 mm to 83 mm, while the wettest months are June to December with rainfalls ranging from 149 mm to 204 mm. The annual rainfall around the proposed subproject is 1,736 mm. Other details are shown in Figure 7.

b. Temperature

63. The monthly maximum air temperatures range from 30.1 ˚C to 32.8 ˚C based on year 2018 recorded temperatures. The annual average temperature is 27.7 ˚C - indicative of a fairly uniform temperature throughout the year. In Inabanga, the air temperature can be considered low due to the mountains, the alignment of the area, and the prevailing winds that tend to reduce the movement of warm air from the sea which promotes outflow from the area.

Figure 7: Monthly Rainfall and Temperature Conditions in Inabanga, Bohol

2. Climate Scenario for Bohol in 2020 and 2050

64. The projected future changes in temperature and rainfall in 2020 and 2050 were developed based on the data prepared by the PAGASA using the PRECIS model. In that assessment, the medium-range scenarios are within a planning horizon of up to 2050. Outputs of the model under the A1B and A2 scenarios will only diverge after 2050 due to the long lifetimes of the greenhouse gases. The outputs of the model run for the observed monthly changes, and changes in the monthly rainfall both in 2020 and 2050 were based on climate scenarios.

a. Rainfall

65. Figure 8 presents the projected change in monthly average rainfall (mm) under the medium-range emission scenario (A1B) in 2020 and 2050. Projected change anomalies were

19 estimated as the difference from current or future periodic monthly average precipitation to the observed baseline period (1971-2000) monthly average precipitation values. The A1B scenario showed an overall increasing trend in the monthly precipitation particularly in June and December while consistently decreasing trend was noted during the months of January to April. In particular, the monthly precipitation fluctuated from month to month. However, the most distinct changes were predicted to be in the 2050s period where the month of October indicated a potential increase of approximately 44 percent from the baseline precipitation period while noticeably decreased for the duration of January to April (up to -42%). The variability of the amount of precipitation is mainly attributed to the shorter dry-spell length during dry seasons. In effect, the dry season tends to become drier while the wet season becomes wetter.

Figure 8: Projected monthly rainfall change under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) in Tagbilaran City, Bohol

b. Temperature

66. The projected change anomalies of mean temperature in the future estimated an increase of +0.8 °C (the present condition) up to +2.4 °C by the end of 2050s. The results revealed differences in temperature changes that are larger from the 2050s period. The increase in local-mean temperatures is between +0.8 to +1.2 °C in 2050s.

67. For temperature, Figures 9 shows the projected mean temperature scenarios based on the Tagbilaran weather station in the area.

Figure 9: Projected Change in Monthly Average Mean Temperature (°C) under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) Tagbilaran City, Bohol

H. Hydrology

68. Only one body of water is within the influence area which is called Wahig-Inabanga River. Based on the available data, Inabanga River is the longest in terms of length with 17 municipalities as tributaries (Figure 10).

I. Natural Hazards

69. There were only five (5) typhoons/tropical storms that almost or directly crossed the path across the province since 1991. The latest two of which are tropical storms Seniang and Queenie (international names Jangmi and Sinlaku, respectively) both occurred in 2014 and are most remembered due the extent of additional damage inflicted on the province after the devastating earthquake of 2013. Nevertheless, stronger typhoons affected the province and the five municipalities even if these were not within the vicinity of the province. These are typhoons/tropical storms either crossing from the Samar area and directly hitting Cebu and the western provinces or were over the northern Mindanao area, thereby affecting Bohol. Most notable of these are typhoon Nona (Melor, 2015), super typhoons Yolanda (Haiyan, 2013) and Pablo (Bopha, 2012), severe tropical storms Sendong (Washi, 2011) and Frank (Fengshen, 2008). Around 75% of these typhoons, especially the most devastating ones occurred in the last quarter of the year, notably November and December.

Figure 10: Distribution of Watersheds in Bohol Province

J. Biological Environment

1. Flora

70. The province of Bohol has an estimated remaining forest cover of 9 % of its total land area. Natural forests in the province are still evident. However, flora of the families Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae (Leguminosae) and Verbenaceae are becoming very rare. This is exemplified by the short supply of Bohol’s molave or “tugas”. It is alarming that there are young people who have never seen premium hardwood species that were previously abundant.

71. The inventories on the diversity of plant species focused on the five vegetative cover types of the watershed. Results of the inventory revealed that the watershed is low in plant diversity. This is shown in the general list where there are 63 tree species belonging to 56 genera in 28 families; 5 species of palms in 4 genera; 3 species of shrubs in 3 genera and 3 families; 15 species of herbs belonging to13 genera in 7 families; 6 species of succulents and woody vines belonging to 6 genera and 4 families; 12 species of ferns belonging to 8 genera and 7 families; and 12 species of grasses belonging to 12 genera and 2 families

72. The common reforestation species used in the province are Yemane (Gmelina arborea), Large-eaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), Small-leaf mahogany (Swietenia microphylla), Teak (Tectona grandis), Auri (Acacia auricularformis) and Eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp).

73. Overall, there are no trees and crops at the easement and right of way on the proposed road rehabilitation project. It must also be noted that there are no endangered and critically endangered species of flora in the project area and even within its impact zone based on the validation report conducted by the LGU and the DENR on March 24, 2017.

2. Fauna

74. The floral resources of Inabanga Watershed were determined through primary and secondary data collection. The data of the Bohol Island State University (BISU) Rapid Biodiversity Assessment (RBA) Report (2013) was used to describe the faunal resources of the watershed. Accordingly, wildlife was surveyed using the line transect method. A kilometer- long transect lines were established traversing to known habitats of wildlife. Latitude/longitude coordinates were taken using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device at the starting point of each transect. Only bird species noticed were recorded together with its number, mode of observation and distance from the observation point. The top three (3) significant bird species encountered during the conduct of resource basic inventory rank accordingly were Whiskered Treeswift (Hemiprocnecomate comata), Large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), and Amethyst Brown Dove (Phapitreron amethystine). This faunal species belongs to 18 genera and 16 families. The conservation status of these species is mostly least concern which means that the population is stable and/or increasing.

Table 5: Common Recorded Birds in Inabanga Watershed

No. of Conservation Family Name Scientific Name Common Name Individuals Status* Alcedinidae Alcedo argentata Silvery Kingfisher 3 Near Threatened Alcedinidae Halcyon chloris White-collared Kingfisher 10 Least Concern

Columbidae Phapitreron leucotis White-eared Brown Dove 12 Least Concern

Laniidae Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike 18 Least Concern

Nectariniidae Nectarinia jugularis Olive-backed Sunbird 13 Least Concern

Pycnonotidae Pycnontus goiavier Yellow-vented bulbul 10 Least Concern Hypsipetes Least Concern Pycnonotidae Philippine Bulbul 8 philippinus Turdidae Capsychus saularis OrientalMagpie Robin 3 Least Concern *Based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2016).

K. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Population

75. Based on the regular monitoring of RHU in 2017 data, the barangay has a population of 469 which is equivalent to 0.0091% of the total population of the municipality. It has a computed growth rate of 1.54%.

76. Based on the Rural Health Unit Survey conducted in year 2017, the barangay has a total population of 469 and the total land area of the barangay is 850.96 hectares. Based on these data, the computed population density for 2017 is 0.55 persons per hectare. This density is expected to increase from 0.58 to 0.62 persons per hectare for 2019 and 2023 respectively.

77. Based on RHU data, the influence area has a total household of 90 and a total population of 469 people. The total number of males is 251 and females is 218.

2. Water Supply

78. Main source of potable water is groundwater with L1 facilities – 489 water wells; L2 systems in Brgy. Poblacion and L3 systems serving 22 barangays. When it comes to access of safe drinking water, 27% or 25 out of the 90 households reported that their source of drinking water is unsafe. Most households in the barangay are still drinking water from dug wells. The survey results are reflective to the fact that most people nowadays are drinking water coming from water refilling station. The designated barangay sanitary aide as well as the barangay officials in close coordination with the Municipal Health Office are constantly monitoring all the sources of potable drinking water by conducting sampling and testing to prevent diseases outbreak in the whole municipality.

3. Indigenous Peoples and People’s Organization

79 There are no indigenous people in the community of the proposed sub-project.

4. Education

80. There is low percentage of literacy in the barangay. Children aging 10 years old and above are considered. Among all seven puroks, Purok 7 has the highest percentage of illiterates. In the influence area, there is one primary and one elementary school that will directly benefit from the proposed project.

5. Health and Sanitation

81. Malnutrition is still present among children 0-5 years old despite the intensive campaign by the local authorities to eradicate the problem. Based on the regular evaluation of the Municipal Rural Health Unit, there are 5 households in influenced area with no access to sanitary toilets. In Sitio Tuko 5, 5.55% of the total households in the purok are without sanitary toilet facility. The barangay nutrition council is looking for solution to resolve this issue.

6. Housing

82. There are only two (2) households living in makeshift houses in the barangay of which one household located in the project influence area. Most of the houses in the barangay are made of light construction materials for its wall and 50% have strong roofing system.

7. Electricity

83. The required electric power for the influence area is provided by Bohol Electric Cooperative (BOHECO) - a non-stock non-profit organization. With the full cooperation of the barangay and municipal officials, 100% of the puroks or households had been reached by BOHECO’s services or energized by the electric power.

8. Communication

84. The main communication in the barangay is through cellular phone. Almost all residents own cellphone units. The traditional way of sending message via telegram and other means thru postal services had been gradually abolished. Email and other form of sending messages like in the social media are now the present means.

9. Income and Expenditure

85. The barangay has real property taxes, local source from different taxes and Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) from national government as the three(3) main sources of income. The barangay is very dependent on its IRA. The barangay has not received its share of real property taxes from the use of the timberland areas since the Forest Land Use Plan has yet to start the survey and delineation process.

10. Tourism

86. The town of Inabanga is blessed with natural attractions with rolling terrain, hills and mountains. Also, Inabanga River (the largest river of Bohol), Ilihan Falls and, the Macavan Cave are within the town. Other attractive sights are the centuries old Inabanga Church which is dedicated to Saint Paul and whose feast day falls on June 30. Getting its share of visitors is the Inabanga Nature Park and Fishing Village. There are potential tourism areas in the

25 barangay such as nature of river However, no development along this line has been started because of the huge capital needed to start these kind of business activities.

11. Commerce and Industry

87. Most of the commercial establishments in the barangay and in influence area are engaged in agri-business related activities. Buy and sell (rice, corn, cassava, coconut), and livestock trading are common in the barangay. Barangay folks are mostly engaged in raffia and Amakan weaving. Others are engaged in trading, especially those located at the town proper. Establishments available are bakeries, lending institutions, gasoline stations, stores selling construction materials, and more.

88. The people of Inabanga are industrious. Many are engaged in fishing, mat weaving, the making of nipa thatches and seafood preservation such as salted sisi, litub, tagimtim and kaykay. The women folks are also adept at saguran weaving, the weaving of blankets and the making of hats, bags and baskets. 100% of the population from 15 years old and above are employed members of the labor force. The unemployed members of the labor force are maybe those having disabilities. The labor force includes those currently working or actively seeking for work.

12. Road and Transportation

89. The municipality has a total of 130.6 kilometers roads and 8 bridges that links all 50 barangays (Figure 11). The main mode of transportation to and from the influence area is by means of motorcycles for hire or locally known as (habal-habal) only. There are some farmers who use raft (balsa) to transport their farm products via in the river since there is no access road going to their farms.

Figure 11: Road network in Inabanga, Bohol 26

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

90. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed rehabilitation of the access road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way.

91. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

92. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by: 1) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; 2) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; 3) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; 4) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and 5) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

93. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will not involve widening and alignment adjustments (Table 6). Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VIII.

Table 6. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed rehabilitation sub-project.

Potential Environmental Impacts or Provision on Slope Line Provision of Rehabilitation Values the Sub-project construction concrete protection canal pipe culvert of pipe culvert would likely create: pavement

Land surface disturbance – surface minor minor minor minor minor scrapping, top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing

Affects temporal water regime: minor minor minor minor minor decrease water quantity and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion

Altered or impaired hydrology of the minor minor minor minor minor immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular streamflow

Decrease in downstream natural minor minor minor minor minor resources’ economic and social values/uses

Decrease site’s attraction in terms of minor minor minor minor minor losing some geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance

Vegetation loss affecting rare species none none habitats, particularly of known local, none none none national or international nature conservation importance

Adverse impact on local and transient none none fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), none none none particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance.

Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, none none none none none weeds or rare diseases

Frequent incurrence and increased none none none none none intensity of grassfire

Contamination of the immediate and/or minor minor minor minor minor broader environment cause by the storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works

Air particulate emissions which may cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human health moderate moderate moderate minor moderate and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase

Excessive solid waste accumulation minor minor minor minor minor during infrastructure construction

Increase in noise and/or vibration minor minor minor minor minor during construction

Unnatural lighting effects that may impact upon flora and fauna, or deplete none none none none none the sense of naturalness of the area

Natural landscape fragmentation and none none none none none discontinuity

Adverse impact on land use and the amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the minor minor minor minor minor integrity of agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on)

Adverse impact on existing or potential recreational value and quality of known minor minor minor minor minor traditional experience associated to site natural setting

Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ visual value and its surrounding area -from minor minor minor minor minor different vantage points

Rating: None= No adverse impact; Minor= slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate=severe negative impact with duration more than a year or permanent with far reaching spatial range 28

94. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socioeconomic conditions of the sub-project areas through increased agricultural production, increased tourism activities, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved road safety due to installation of safety signs, and others.

95. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during sub-project pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

96. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’, and information awareness campaign regarding sub-project location.

2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done

97. Identification and prioritization of road sections will be give information and participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A sub-project site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on sub-project implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the sub-project components and management plan.

3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

98. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the sub-project will be prepared by the LGU for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities.

99. The LGU with assistance from TA-PMIC will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

4. Recruitment of workers

100. One of the potential impacts of the sub-project will be employment of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

101. The contractors will source out construction materials under their own arrangements. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re- suspension of dust during the dry seasons, but will be addressed in the EMP.

102. Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent to use the land from owner with agreed rental and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

103. The contractor will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing road which would result to damage landscape. However, vegetation (mostly grasses) present in the site are common and will recover after the construction. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

3. Soil erosion

104. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed along subproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities should be taken up only during dry season.

105. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures to minimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road

106. During ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road, the potential impacts would be minor and short-termed to the terrestrial and aquatic resources as well as to the quality of surface water in the river. The contractor is expected to do the following: 1) the construction site should be located away from forested or plantation areas, 2) all construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas, 3) no waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations, 4) erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion, 5) earthworks should be conducted during dry periods, 6) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters, 7) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 8) pit latrines to be located away from surface waters, 9) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, 10) no aggregate mining from rivers or lakes, and 11) minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

5. Civil works (Concrete Pavement)

107. Since the subproject will mainly involve concrete pavement (with no road widening and realignments), main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and water contamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigating measures during concrete pavement and stone masonry activities such as 1) piling of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas, and 2) all spills should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and according to government regulations.

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

108. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from the operation of construction equipment, and dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stockpiles.

109. To mitigate the declining air quality problem during construction, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and construction roads, 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates, 31

3) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed, 4) backfill immediately after work is completed, 5) restrict working time between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, 6) maintain equipment in proper working condition, 7) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery, 8) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use, and 9) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas if possible.

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits

110. Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits. The contractor will ensure the following mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures to comply with national standards, watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 2) secure appropriate environmental permits, 3) the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and 4) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure

111. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will be disposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

112. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will be no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

10. Water quality

113. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment (i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker camps 32 to the water resources. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 3) provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks. 5) The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall i) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, ii) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or iii) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

11. Construction drainage system

114. The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene

115. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

116. Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites, 2) sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 6) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 7) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers, 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers, 9) adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 10) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, 11) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 12) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

13. Traffic safety and management

117. Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). During construction, the contractor is responsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

118. Rehabilitation work will directly cause minor degradation of the local ecology through the clearance of small areas of vegetation (mainly grasses) at major work sites. A short-term impact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in worksites during the construction period due to minor vegetation clearance (mainly grasses, not trees). Vegetative cover stripped from the locations described above will be kept for slope protection.

119. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

15. Damaged to properties

120. Another potential impact during construction is damaged to properties (structures, irrigation, farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and other project-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

16. Concrete washout

121. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. 34

17. Use of Hazardous Substances

122. Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact, vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

18. Public safety

123. `Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: To mitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2) provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of upgraded access road

124. The rehabilitation of Rehabilitation of access road will have potentials impacts both positive and negative to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and open for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of San Miguel and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated area, 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting, 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other 35 materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging, 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies, 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations, and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

125. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the sub-project. Series of consultations with barangay Ilaya and local government unit of Inabanga confirmed that the rehabilitation of the access road is essential for economic development.

126. During these consultations on March 26, 2017 and June 8, 2017, the proponent with technical assistance of consultant has made presentation of the sub-project describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented. The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the road will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows (Table 7).

127. Concerns on the sub-project mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. There is no long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants. Majority of the respondents cited ease of transport as one of the direct benefits of the road; majority of them as well are not anticipating any negative impact of the sub-project to the environment, though one of the respondents mentioned that the road might be a corridor for illegal loggers to access the forest land so he suggested an intensified barangay patrolling during the operation phase of the access road.

128. The influence barangay conducted a barangay consultation where they discussed priority projects of their barangay (Appendix No. 2). Consistent with the site validation result conducted, the sub-project was assessed to unlikely cause significant adverse impact on the environment; in fact, the sub-project is identified by the community members to improve the status of the environment as it will serve as a corridor in mitigating forest fires in the area.

Table 7. Results of the stakeholder’s consultations at Brgy. Ilaya, Inabanga Bohol

Date of Consultations: March 26, 2017, June 8, 2017

Venue: Bgry. Ilaya, Inabanga, Bohol

Total number of participants: 15 and 90

Group represented: local residents, Parent-Teacher Association, ISFA of Inabanga Bohol Inc. members, Barangay officials, MPDO, PPDO staff, Consultants

129. Barangay Ilaya endorsed the proposed road rehabilitation Access Road for inclusion to INREMP rural infrastructure component (Appendix No. 3).

130. With the involvement of the LGU in the sub-project activities of INREMP particularly in the implementation of rural infrastructure support facilities, they dedicated time and effort in participating with orientation, consultation, planning and training activities (Appendix No. 4). Indeed, a municipal resolution was crafted affirming the interest of the local government unit to apply, negotiate, avail financing grant from the INREMP of the DENR thru the municipal development fund office, and undertake other acts necessary for the effective implementation of the access road.

B. Information Disclosure

131. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR-FMB, the Municipality of Inabanga, Bohol and the affected Barangay office, the Provincial Environmental and Natural Resource Officer, and DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through:

• The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explaining the affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land for construction camps and recording grievances; and

• Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

132. The Local Government Unit of Inabanga has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the sub-project site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

133. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise. These are listed below:

1) Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

2) Construction related grievances – Community members specially those adjacent lot owners may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

134. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise. These are listed below:

2) Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

135. A subproject-specific grievance redress mechanism will be established at the PPCO to receive, evaluate and facilitate the complaints/grievances of affected persons on the sub- project’s environmental performance. This mechanism will be disclosed to the host communities before start of civil works.

136. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the PPCO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix No. 5). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

137. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

(i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form; (ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; (iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. (iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; (v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and (vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

138. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes and/or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

139. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 8.

Table 8. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation.

Agency Responsibilities

LGU of Inabanga, Bohol • Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction and operation

• Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP

• Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government environmental policies and regulations

• Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009

• Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works

• Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements

• Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples' concerns

• Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB.

PPMO and WMPCO • Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP

• Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB

• Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB

• Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits.

TA - PMIC and NPCO • . Engage environment specialists who will undertake supervision and monitoring of EMP implementation and contractor’s environmental performance

• As part of day-to-day project supervision, closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP

• Assist PMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors.

Contractors • Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions

• Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP

Table 8. Responsibilities for EMP Implementation.

Agency Responsibilities

• Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor.

EMB - DENR • Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government

• Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB • Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project

• Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed

• Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

B. Environmental Mitigation

140. Table 9 presents the environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Sub-project. The EMP also shows responsibilities for the implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

Pre-Construction Phase

Confirmation of no No negative  Conducted Consultation required resettlement, environmental meetings with barangay officials relocations, and impacts and concerned POs’ officers and WMPCO compensation members LGU of Inabanga PPMO  Conducted information awareness campaign regarding subproject location

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

Identification and Lack of information Subproject sites validation with prioritization of road and/or low following conditions: section where re- participation of the gravelling will be done community,  ensure that the INREMP particularly women validation process on subproject implementation is being complied and marginalized LGU of WMPCO sectors with Inabanga PPMO  hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan

Preparation of detailed Minimize negative Work with LGU RI Engineer for the engineering designs and environmental completion of the proposed programs of work for the impacts upgraded access road detailed subproject designs and to ensure the following measures are included:

 identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites; WMPCO LGU of Inabanga  locate aggregate borrow pits and PPMO rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;

 for local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities

Recruitment of workers Gender  Hire local workers as much as LGU of discrimination and possible, and give equal privilege Inabanga tendency to recruit for women to get involved in Contractor / outsiders selected tasks appropriate for WMPCO them PPMO

Construction Phase

Construction materials Pollution, injury,  Procure construction Contractor LGU of Part of the acquisition, transport interrupted usual materials from sources with Inabanga contractor’ access, and storage road use, disrupted valid environmental / s contract system access, noise clearances, i.e. for sand, WMPCO gravel and timber from those PPMO with valid DENR-MGB/EMB permits.

 All borrow pits and quarries should be approved by Municipal Engineering Division.

 Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to 44

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

construction the sites.

 Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage.

 Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural objects and landmarks.

 If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.

 All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration.

 All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.

 After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.

 Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.

 Define & schedule how materials are extracted from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.

 Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.

 All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered.

Clearing and removal of Damage landscape  Restrict vegetation removal to Contractor LGU of Part of the obstructions within RoWs. Inabanga contractor’ / s contract  In case, no trees will be removed WMPCO without prior approval of 45

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

concerned government agency. PPMO

 The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

 Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees.

 All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction completed.

 Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques.

Soil erosion High suspended  Berms, and plastic sheet Contractor LGU of Part of the solid contents of fencing should be placed Inabanga contractor’ river, around all excavations and / s contract sedimentation. earthwork areas. WMPCO

 Earthworks should be PPMO conducted during dry periods.

 Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.

 Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.

 Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.

 minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation,

 prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and

 If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

Ground surface leveling Degradation of  All construction sites should be Contractor LGU of Part of the and gravelling of terrestrial and located away from forested or Inabanga contractor’ existing road aquatic resources, plantation areas as much as / s contract and decreased possible. WMPCO water quality  All construction fluids such as PPMO oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.

 No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.

 Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.

 Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

 All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.

 No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.

 No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.

 Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.

 No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.

 No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes.

 Minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

Civil works (Concrete Air pollution, land  All construction sites should be Contractor LGU of Part of the Pavement) and water located away from forested or Inabanga contractor’ contamination, and plantation areas as much as / s contract traffic & access possible. WMPCO problems,  All construction fluids such as PPMO oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.

 No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.

 Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface 47

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

waters.

 Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.

 Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

 All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.

 No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.

 No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.

 Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.

 No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.

 No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. Implementation of noise Noise, Dust, Air  Regularly apply wetting agents Contractor LGU of Part of the and dust control Pollution to exposed soil and Inabanga contractor’ measure construction roads. / s contract WMPCO  Cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction PPMO aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.

 Minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed.

 As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00, in particular, activities such as pile driving, etc.

 Maintain equipment in proper working condition

 Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.

 Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.

 Construct temporary noise barriers.

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

Dust and noise from Noise, Dust  provision of noise control Contractor LGU of Part of the borrow pits measures to comply with Inabanga contractor’ national standards, watering of / s contract the earth roads close to the WMPCO settlements, use covered truck, PPMO  secure appropriate environmental permits,

 the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and

 protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

Implementation of spoil Contamination of  Uncontaminated spoil to be Contractor LGU of Part of the management and land and surface disposed of in government – Inabanga contractor’ control measure waters from designated sites, which must / s contract excavated spoil, never be in or adjacent surface WMPCO and construction waters. Designated sites must be waste clearly marked and identified. PPMO

 Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.

 Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.

 A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.

 Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in government – designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.

 Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.

 Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or 49

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

borrow pits.

 A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.

 Contaminated spoil disposal must follow government regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.

 Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

 Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity.

Solid and liquid Contamination of  Management of general solid and Contractor LGU of Part of the construction waste land and surface liquid waste of construction will Inabanga contractor’ management system waters from follow government regulations to / s contract construction waste include covering, collecting, WMPCO handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from PPMO construction activities and the work force.

 Disposal areas for solid and liquid waste must be determined by the government.

 Disposal of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source.

 Construction sites should have large garbage bins.

 A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.

 Solid waste should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.

Hazardous Waste

 Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow government regulations.

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

 Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)

 Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition, away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors.

 All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub-plan.

Construction drainage Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short-term Contractor LGU of Part of the system and rain water drainage away from construction Inabanga contractor’ natural channels sites to prevent ponding and / s contract flooding. WMPCO

 Prevent borrow pits and quarries PPMO to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.

 Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites

 Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.

 Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil.

Water quality Water and soil  Set up proper and adequate Contractor  SPMU Part of the sanitary facilities, Contractor’ PPMO s contract  Ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers,

 Provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and

 Trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.

 The discharge of cement-laden 51

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

Implement construction Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short-term Contractor  SPMU Part of the drainage system and rain water drainage away from construction Contractor’ natural channels sites to prevent ponding and  PPMO s contract flooding.

 Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.

 Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites

 Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.

 Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil.

Workers health, safety Land and people  proper fencing, protective Contractor  SPMU Part of the and hygiene barriers, and buffer zones should Contractor’ be provided around all  PPMO s contract construction sites,

 sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed,

 worker and public safety guidelines should be followed,

 provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites,

 the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women,

 standing water suitable for 52

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

disease vector breeding should be filled in,

 worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,

 appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,

 adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site,

 drinking water must be provided at all construction sites,

 sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and

 all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

Traffic safety and Road accidents Throughout the construction period, Contractor LGU of Part of the management the contractor will ensure that Inabanga contractor’ affected people are provided / s contract adequate and safe access to WMPCO properties (structures, land, etc.). All construction vehicles observe speed PPMO limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

Ecological environment Minor vegetation  Construction vehicles will operate Contractor LGU of Part of the (Flora and Fauna) loss within the corridor of impact to Inabanga contractor’ avoid damaging soil and / s contract vegetation. WMPCO

 Avoid soil compaction around PPMO trees. Generally the rule will be to avoid driving heavy equipment or trucks anywhere into the 'drip- line' of a tree.

 In case, no trees will be removed 53

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

without prior approval of concerned government agency.

 The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works.

 No work camps will be located in ecologically sensitive sites such as protected and conservation areas, or densely vegetated site.

 Workers shall be prohibited from hunting/trapping wildlife.

Damaged to properties Land The contractor will immediately Contractor  SPMU Part of the repair and/or compensate for any Contractor’ damage that it causes to properties  PPMO s contract (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

Concrete washout Soil and water The Contractor shall 1) collect and Contractor  SPMU Part of the contamination retain all the concrete washout water Contractor’ and solids in leak proof containers,  PPMO s contract so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

Use of Hazardous People, land and Vehicle maintenance and refueling Contractor  SPMU Part of the Substances water will be confined to areas in Contractor’ construction sites designed (with  PPMO s contract concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with 54

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

Public safety People  installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites,

 provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians,

 deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access,

 imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and

 orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

Table 9. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor

Operation of upgraded Increased risk of  Set speed limit when passing LGU of WMPCO Part of the access road accident or injury, through populated area Inabanga proponents air pollution and PPMO obligation noise.  Provide appropriate warning signs and lighting DENR

 Regular removal of debris, logs Obstruction of run- and other materials along off along drainage drainage canals to avoid clogging canals causing run- off overflow leading  Regular vegetation control along to erosion of the run-off area to ensure free flow

road  Ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper Exploitation of coordination involves different natural resources agencies. in the area  Adherence to land use and

zoning regulations Unplanned  Promote tourism in the area urbanization through advertisement from the Increased delivery local and nationwide venue. of agricultural

products

Tourism

C. Environmental Monitoring

141. Table 10 presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level and SSE. The ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. Such reports will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

142. The ESS during project implementation will be required to organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below: 56

COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Sub-project Name: Location: Reporting Period: Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Attained (Yes, No, Compliance or Partial) 1

N Recommendation/s:

Signature: Date:

Table 10.Environmental Monitoring Plan

Activities Location Means of Frequency of Responsible Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Unit Cost

Pre- Construction

Completion of Final location Review of the SPD Prior to issuance of SPMO, INREMP the Sub-Project of the sub- NOL WMPCO, Documents project PPCO with Project Cost SSS and ESS, ADB

Completion of Final location Review of detailed Prior to approval of SPMO, INREMP detailed of the sub- design detailed design WMPCO, engineering project documentation PPCO with Project Cost design in SSS and accordance with ESS, ADB EMP requirements

Completion of Final location Confirm IEE report Prior to issuance of SPMO, INREMP social and of the sub- and disclosed to NOL WMPCO, environmental project the public PPCO with Project Cost safeguards SSS and ESS, ADB

Establishment Final location Confirm GRM is Prior to start of site SPMO, INREMP of grievance of the sub- established and works WMPCO, redress project disclosed to the PPCO with Project Cost mechanism public SSS and ESS

Construction

Implementation As indicated in Site visit, ocular Monthly and as part SPMU, INREMP of construction IEE EMP Table inspections, of regular project WMPCO, phase 23 for specific interviews with supervision PPMO, NCIP Project Cost environmental mitigation local residents, with SSS and mitigation measures coordination with ESS measures (e.g., sub- concerned Random checks and specified in IEE project road, barangay/s to validate complaints EMP borrow sites, construction/ workers’ camps, air and noise, water contamination and others)

143. The NPCO shall submit the following environmental report documentation to ADB:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by NPCO to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

 Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon);  Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements;  Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable;  Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP;

 Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.);  If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan;  Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities;  Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented;  Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement;  Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response;  Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required;  Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

 Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the NPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Sub-project.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusion

144. The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the sub-project, and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE results revealed that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the minor negative impacts of the project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the Project.

145. Rural infrastructures like roads, arguably, are vital structures needed to spur economic development in Inabanga, Bohol, with full potentials and opportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources.

146. The rehabilitation of Ilaya to Datag road project shall be a crucial infrastructure for uplifting the quality of life of the people by providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access, improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities, and supporting the NRM project activities of the constituents, thus supporting the developing economy of Inabanga and cascading benefits to the entire province. 59

147. Hence, the project will have an overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

148. The main goal of the project is to support the NRM activities of POs with the end goal of providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access to the community thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions and uplifting the quality of life of the inhabitants, especially the constituents.

149. The project will have a direct benefit on savings in transportation cost of agricultural and non-agricultural products, savings of passenger transportation expense, and increase in net value added from the agricultural production as more farmlands will be utilized due to access to market and trade and the corollary increase in agricultural productivity growth, because of the availability of appropriate technologies to farmers. In addition, indirect will also be experienced especially people who are near the project site. Some of the indirect benefits are creation of jobs in the influence areas and improve economic situation of the influence barangays, good transportation for all women and children in going to public premises like schools, market and hospitals, increase farm produce, and increase number of cultivated lands near the road.

150. The performance indicators that the project will be effective to the influence areas are on socioeconomic, agricultural and environmental specifically reduce transportation cost, high agricultural traffic savings in transportation cost and high non-agricultural traffic savings in transportation cost. Whereas, performance indicators that the project will be effective to the NRM site will be increased production of farmlands, increase number of hectares cultivated lands and easier access to transport inputs from market to farm

151. The Rehabilitation of the access road will boost the economic activities of the influence area which is currently experiencing stagnation mainly due to inaccessibility. With the project, socio-economic services will be easier not only for the public sector, but also to private and semi-private providers. This will entice the community to gradually eliminate economic activities in the forest protection zone, and instead, concentrating their activities in the forest production zone of the WMA. In this way, the people will become the guardian of the natural resources of the upper slopes of the WMA guaranteeing stable supply of water and other natural resources in the lower portion of the watershed.

B. Recommendations

152. Regular monitoring by the LGU staff (engineering office) and the DENR to make sure that the provisions in the contract are followed by the contractor;

153. Involvement of the PO/IP and barangay officials in monitoring and evaluation to make sure that mitigating measures as stated in the EMP are implemented by the contractor;

154. Regular maintenance of the rehabilitated road in order to prolong its service to the community;

155. The proposed road rehabilitation project will indeed enhance the economic opportunities and environmental conditions of the influence barangays, thus deserves support.

APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Photographs of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject

Appendix 2. Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Ilaya

Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Ilaya last March 26, 2017

Appendix 3. Brgy. Ilaya Minutes; Endorsement; Attendance; Photo Documentation

ISFA Minutes; Endorsement; Attendance; Photo Documentation

Appendix 4. PO Resolution Endorsing the Sub-project

Appendix 5. Grievance Intake Form

Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project (indicate name of project) welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you.

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male

□ Female

Home Address Age

Phone No.

City/Province Email

Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer):

Date received:

Received __ In person __ mail __ email __ fax __ phone __ sms through:

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint

Position of staff:

Type of Grievance:

Remarks

Signature of staff

Updates on the case:

Date: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and Designation)