5986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.
528 . By Mr. KISSEL: Peti~on of the Peoria County Farm I reiiit&red in the•A.rlington National Cemetery Thur day April Bureau, of Peo-ria, Ill., of April 8, 1922, a.lstl April 10, 1922, 27, 1922, at 2.30 p. m., which was ordered to lie on the table for relative to the imp.o.rtation of "hlact.:strap mola es"; to the the information of Senators. Committee on Wars and Means. SUPPLEMENTAL ESTI.:MATE, NAVY DEPARTMENT, 1923 (S. DOC. NO. 195). 5290. AJ o, petition ·of the Southern Tariff Association, of Washington, D. C., relative to tariff en vegetable oils; to the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica : Committee on Ways and .Means. tion from the President of the United States, transmitting a 5291. By Mr. MAcGREGOR: Resolution· adopted by Grange supplemental estimate of appropriation for the Navy Depart· No. 906, relative to the election of six directors to the Feder.a:l ment, fiscal -year 1923, for additional employe s, Hydrographic land banks; to the Committee on: Banking and ·Currency. Office, $100,000, which, with the accompanying papers, wn · 5292. A.l o, resolution adopted by the corporatian .counsel of referred to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. •• I the city of Buffalo, relative to .a bill to- amend the Judicial Code relating to district and circuit eourts; to the Committ~ MESSAGE FROM ~ HOUSE. on the Judiciary. A message from the House of Repre entatives, by Mr. Over- · 5293. By 'Mr. McLAUGHLIN of Nebraska.: Petition of sun- ' hue, its enrolling clerk, announced that the Speaker of the · dry citizens of Yorlr County, Nebr., mgi;E.g revival ef the United House had ~gned the following enrolled bills, .and they were States Grain Corporation ; to the Committee on Agriculture. thereupon Signed by the Vice President: 5294. By Mr. SINCLAIR; Petition of 300 residents of ~Ia.r S.l-059. An 1act for the relief of J. B. Waterman; shall, Taylor, Richardton, and other places in North Dakota, S. 2616. An .act to empower the Commi sioners of the Dis- urging the revival of the United States Grain Corporation ·and · trict of Columbia to convey certain land; • n stabilized price on wheat and other farm products; to the · S. 3170. An act regulating corporations doing a banltinO' busi- Committee on Agriculture. ness lin the District of Columbia ; and c · 5295. By Mr. THO..UPSON: Petition of the Presbytery ()f H. ·R. 7272. An act for the relief of Monroe B. Shealy. Toledo, Synod of Ohio, urging passage of Senate Joint Resolu ETITIONS AND :l.lEMOBrALS. tion 31, proposing a constitutional amendment authru:izing Con gress to enact uniform laws on the subject of mar ·age and Mr. LODGE presented resolutions and telegrams in the nature divorce.; to the Committee on the Judiciaxy. of petitions from the Jewish Ministers' Association of Har-1 m N. Y., Rabbi S. Hurwitz, secretary ; of the. Federation of Hun: ~29o. ~so~ petition ~f the Pcesbytery of Toledo, Synod .of OhiO, urgmg passage of House Joint Resolution 131, proposing garian Jews, Sa:muel Btlclller, president, New York 'City; of .a coustitutiona1 amendment prghibiting pplygamy in the United : the. Ladies' Mlzraclri Zionists' Organization, of Bo ton, Ma s. ~ States; to the Committee on the J udll!iacy. and of the Hadadassh Chapter, the Cllarle ton H brew Sclloo-1, 5297. Also, petition of the Presbytery 9if Toledo, Synod of the Charleston District Zjonist Organization, the South Caro· Ohio, urging pa,ssage of H~use bill 9-753; to -secure Snnr lina Jewish Relief Committee, the Beth Israel Congregation, day as a day o.f rest in the District of Columbia ; to the Oom the Society Daughters of Israel, the B'rith Sha.lrun Congrega mitt e o.n the District of Columbia. tion, in the State of South Carolina, praying for the pas age of Senate Joint Reso mion 191, favoring the establishment in 5298. By ~lr. ZIHI.... \f.AN : Petition of citizens of Washington D. C.,. protesting a~inRt the passage of an:y legislation looking Palestine of the National Home for the Jewish pe()ple, wilich to the enforcement of the observance of any religious ins tu were referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. tion, or of taking any step in the direeti<>.n of a union of church 'Ml'. NICHOLSON presented a petition of rund'ry citizens of • 8.lld state, and particularly petitioning Congress not to pass Fort Collins, Colo., praying for the erractment of legislation House bill 9753 or any other Sunday bills such, for example, as favoring the establishment in Palestine of the National Home House bill 4388 and Senate bill 1948 ; to the Committee on the for the Jewish peopl-e, which was .referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Di~ict of Columbia. Mr. CAPPER pl'esented a r solution adopted by the Pres bytery of Topeka, at _ Topelal, Kans~, f .ortn:g the enact ;. ment -ef legi lation providing f
He also presented a i'eSGlution adopted by the Presbytery of Ey Mr. LA FOLLETTE: • L nsing, at Hastings, Mich., favoring the enactment <>f l.egisla A bill (S. 3514) granting a pension to Frank Yandes (with twn _providing for uniform marriag-e and divorce laws, which accompanying _;papers) ; to the .Committee on Pensions. was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. CALDER: He also presented .a a.-esolution .adopted at a meeting of citi .A bill (.S. 3515) for the relief ~f the New Jersey Shipbuild zenB of .Ann .Arbor, Mich., favoring the enactment of a more ing & Dredging Oo., of Bayonne, N. J.; to the Committee on fil:tringent immigration law, which was ref-erred to the Committee Claims. on Im.migi'ation. By Mr. PITTMAN: REPORT OF COl.fM.I.Tl'EES. A b.Ul {S. 3516) to co"rrect the milita.Ty record -of Lieut. Air. ERNST., 'from tile Com tee on the .Judiciary, to which Commander C.harles D. Maas; to the Committee on Naval Af~ was referred the bill ( S. 2610) in reference to writs of error, fairs. -reported it with an amendment .and submitted ft report (No. By Mr. McKINLEY: .63'6) thereon. A bill (S. 3517) to appropriate $1;000,000 for the purchase of 1\Ir. BURSUM, from the Committee on Pensions, to which seed grain .and live stock to be supplied to faTmers in overflowed w&-e referred the following bills, reported them eaCh with areas of the United States; to the Ooilllll.ittee on Appropria runendmen.ts and submitted report thereon.; ti-ons. A bill (H. R. 7847) granting pensions and incr.ease of pen -'l'A.KIFF BILL AMENDMENTS. sions to certain soldiers and ilors nf the Regul.ar A.rmy -and 1\fr. McKINLEY submitted two amendments and Mr. KING Navy, and 'Certain soldi.&s and sailors of a.r ot'ber tb:1ul the ~submitted an .amendment intended to be proposed by them to Civil Wa ·, .and to widows of such oldiers and :sail-ors (Rept. House bill 7456, -the tariff bill, which were ordered to lie on No. 6Sn; and the table -and to be printed. A bill {H. R. 8624) granting pensions an:d increase of pen . THE TARIFF. 'Sions to certain sdl.di.el'S and sailors of th-e Civil War and ee-r The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con tain wi . ows ;and dependent children .of soldiers and sailors <>f sideration of the bill (H. R. 7456) to provide revenue, to regu said n.i' (Rept. No. 63 ) . late -commerce with .fo:r~ countries, to .encourage the indus- :t.1EMORIAL OF G'EN. ULYSSES S. GRANT. tries of th-e United Sta~ and for other purposes. 111r. CALDER, from the Committee to Audit .and Con'troi the 1r. HARRISON. fr. Pr.esident, on yesterday the junior Conting.ent Expenses of the Senate. to which was referred Sen- Senatar from Ohto {Mr. Wn:.:r..TS] had inserted in the RECORD ate Concurrent Resolutian 22, submitted yesterday by l\1.1'. WADS- some editorials from certain papers expressi.n,g their views about WORTH, r.eported it w~thout amendment, and it was considered the McCumber tariff bill. 'I desire to ask unanimous consent
by unanimous consent and agreed tD1 as follows.: that certain editorials from the .Republican press touching the Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring) .t tariff bill be in erted in the RECO.RD, notably from th-e New York That the Serge~nt at A~J of 'the .S~nat~ .andtte.~gea~t at Arms~~ Herald, tire New York Globe, the New York Tribune, .and the ~~c:ao!s~ 2~rale~~~~ to t;;s p~d ~~J' tl~'!\ne~oriala~
1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. -5991
After the distinguished Senator made that statement I asked March 27 glacial acetic acid, which is 99 per cent pure the same him upon what evidence the committee had removed this item as that which comes in, was selling for 10 cents. So,'according from the free list and put it upon the dutiable list. I asked him to the latest figures we have, the exact difference is 2 cents what the difference wae between the cost of production at home and the range of difference in the tariff bill is from three: and the cost in the foreign markets. The result of the col quarters of a cent up to 2 cents, which is the greatest amount loquy was the discovery that there was not a scintilla of evi It is three-quarters of a cent on the lower grade and runs ~ dence in this record from beginning to end as to the cost of pro· h.igh as 2 cents differenc.e on the 99 per _cent pur~, which prac duction either in this country or abroad. tically rep~esents the difference between the invoice price on After that had developed the statement was made by the dis the other s1de and the invoice price of the same article in the tinguished Senator from North Dakota that they had consid United States. ered the prices wbich prevail in this country and the prices Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I have all of that information which prevail abroad, and that those were the bases of their and I expected to present it prec_isely as broadly as the Senato; conclusion. I desire to get his statement as to that in the from North Dakota has done. REcoRD at this point.- He said: Mr. SMOOT rose. The Senator asked me a question a while ago. I can not always Mr. JONES of New Mexico. May I be permitted to proceed turn immediately at a second's notice to give him the figures upon every one of these chemical items, but if be will turn to the report of just a little further? I would be glad to do so if the Senator the monthly summary of our importations and exportations he will from Utah will permit me. ' find the cost of acetic acid, at least the latest that we have; that is, the foreign cost here. He will find that for the same kind of acetic Mr. SMOOT. I was simply going to state that, ·as quoted by acid, which comes in in all characters of strength-but that which is the Senator, the prices of acetic acid in Canada and in the imported, of course, comes in practically 100 per cent pure in condensed United States during the year 1918 are correct. If the Senator form-there is about 2 cents difference between the price at which it is imported and the American manufacturers' price. The latest price wants to know why it was, I can tell him in a very few words. given is about 8 cents for the 100 per cent pure, as against 9~ cents for M!'. JONES. of New Mexico. I am not now asking for infor the American article of 80 per cent pure. So I do not think we are very mation. I thmk I know why myself without being told. far off in the 2 cents difference. Mr. SMOOT. The tariff has nothing whatever to do with the Let l1s examine the testimony which we have upon that sub reason. While the Canadians were asking 29 to 33 cents in ject. Acetic acid has never been imported into this country Ca~ada for 80 per cent acetic acid in February, 1918, they were except from Canada. The kind which the Senator says comes sellmg that same identical product in the United States at the in is the pure acetic acid, and he says that the price is 8 cents same time for about 17 cents. They were dumping it into this per pound, as against the corresponding price of 9-! cents in this country, and that is the reason why there was that difference country, and that therefore a tariff of 2 cents a pound is about I want simply to say that the figures quoted by the Senator ar~ right. absolutely correct, so far as the price of acetic acid is concerned I want to call attention not only to the immediate price, in the United States and in Canada, but the reason for it I about which I shall have some comments to make, but about the have all1eady stated. great trend of prices during a series of years, and Senators Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I shall discuss the reason for it. will be very much interested in knowing that the price in Can .Mr. WATSON of Indiana. In addition to that, if the Senator ada during all this time has been very much higher than the will permit me, acetic acid coming into this country from price in the United States. Canada comes free. Acetic acid from this or from any country The Tariff Commission has collected these prices, and they into Canada bears a tariff of 25 per cent on the low grades and appear in the Tariff Commission's Survey A-2, on pages 30 35 per cent on the high grades. and 31. We find that in this comparison of Canadian prices Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I understand that. and the United States prices the figures include only the years Mr. WATSON of Indiana. So while Canada can make it 1918, 1919, and 1920, and the other prices are given in a later and get into this country, we could not make it and get it into publication of the Tariff Commission for nine months of 1921. Cana~a, and therefore they are dumping it into this country. These prices are given by months for each one of these years. That IS the reason for the disparity in prices of this particular In February, 1918, the 80 per cent acetic acid compound was product between the two countries. selling in Canada at 29 cents, and in the United States at 19 Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I quite agree that that is true, cents. and I hope to show before I conclude the effect which the tariff The commercial crude, or 28 per cent pure, was selling in will have upon prices of this commodity in the United States Canada at from 7.85 cents to 8.50 cents, and in this country at if imposed under this bill. from 5.50 cents to 6.50 cents. · I will not read the statistics for all the months. In 1919 the B~t to proceed, what do we find? In the first place, I believe I Will make some statement as to the production in the United 80 per cent pure was selling in Canada at 21.50 cents, and in States. The production of acetic acid in 1914 was 75,000,000 the United States at 10 cents. pounds-! am using the round numbers-and in 1919 it was In 1920 the Canadian price was 18.50 cents, and the Ameri 47,000,000. By the way, the price of the 47,000,000 pounds in can price was 12.65 cents. During the year 1920 the Canadian 1919 was about twice the price of the 75,000,000 pounds in 1914 .. price was always above the American price. The glacial acetic acid, which is pure acetic acid, manufactured. The Senator's statement was justified by one little item which in this country was 5,000,000 pounds. appears in this abstract of the summary of the tariff informa Now, let us look at the importations and the prices. We find tion. Here the quantity imported is given, as well as the prices that in 1918 there were imported, and imported from Canada of on the actual importations. . course, 297,000 pounds at a price of 28 cents· in 1919 there w~re Mr. McCUMBER. Mr. President-- 1,830,000 pounds at a price of 12 cents; and' in 1920 there were The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. WILLis in the chair). 2,862,000 pounds at a price of 13 cents per pound. Does the Senator from New Mexico yield to the Senator from In 1921. for the first nine months of that year there were North Dakota? impo-rted 28,042 pounds of the value of $2.,315, m~king a price Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I yield. of 8 cents. It is that which the Chairman of the Finance Com Mr. McCUMBER. There must be some mistake in the quo mittee tells us has justified the placing of a tariff of 2 cents a tations the Senator is reading, or he does not read them as they pound upon acetic acid, in order to keep out 28,000 pounds of are intended to be read. I can not imagine that vinegar of a imported acetic acid, as compared with the ordinary produc certain strength will sell for 21 cents, made in Canada, and tion in this country of 75,000,000 pounds. For that purpose he if it in that the same vinegar sell for 10 cents is made tbe would impose a tax of 2 cents a pound on the entire product. ·United States. Surely, in presenting his figures, the Senator 1\Ir. McCUMBER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? must be 1escribing vinegar-which is acetic acid-of different Mr. JONES of New l\Iexico. I gladly yield to the Senator strengths. Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Not at all. They are put in from North Dakota. parallel columns by the Tariff Commission, and before I get Mr. l\IccmmER. Has the Senator given the reason for the through I shall undertake to explain the cause of this dif sudden drop from an importation of 2,862,000 pounds in 1920 to ference. only 28,000 pounds in the first nine months of 1921? Mr. McCUMBER. Let me explain one error the Senator has Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I have not given the reason. made. I stated yesterday that we found about 2 cents differ Mr. McCUMBER. Does the Senator understand the reason? ence between the foreign price and the American price. If the Mr. JONES of New Mexico. If the Senator wishes to give Se~ator would take the report of the Tariff Commission, from the reason, I shall be glad to have it. which he has read, he would find that for the first nine months Mr. McCUMBER. I wanted to know whether the Senator of 1921 the invoice price of the importations of 100 per cent understood the reason for that drop? pure, or practically 99 per cent pure, was 8 cents. If he will Mr. JONES of New Mexico. If the Senator wishes to pre take the last statisttcs upon this subject, he will find that on sent the reason for it, I shall be glad to listen to it.
\ 5992 :CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SEN ATE.
Mr .. McCUMBER. I will simply ·state that the effect .of the _profit. if the pending bill ·means that a tariff is to be imposed .emergenGY "tariff iaw or the dye industry act, 'Which is practi upon the importation of a foreign article so that the article •eaUy ·an emba:rgo texcept through license ·on synthetic vinegars will bear the same price in this market as the prevailing do or acetic acid, has been uch .as ·to suddenly shut off all this mestic price, it would be well to be informed about it. amotmt. That is the only Teason why it has dropped ·so sud Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, let u see what tdenly. The 'Senator -will vbserve that it was increasing from the actual condition of the market is. I obtained this .morning about 000,000 pounds in 1918 to neaTly 8,000,000 pounds in the prices of thi commodity us of April, 1922, the pre ent 1920, .and 'then 1t d.Iropped down -suddenly to 2,8,000 pounds, month. I find this to be the situation : For the 28 -per cent ·which, as J have explained, was due to the emergency tariff of acetic .acid_. the. Canadian price is 4 cents per pound ; the act. Of course, that law may be changed entirely by •the pend Ne~. Yo~k price 1s 2:37 cents .Per -pound. The 80 per cent ·ng bill. ac~hc. ac1d m Canada llas a p1'1ce of 12 cents per pound ; the Mr. JONES of New Mexico. ·Will rthe Senator also point out price m New York of the same arti.cle;rthe commercial ,grade the provision in the emergency tariff law which caused that to ·~s 6.8 cents per pound ; but the pure grade of that percentag~ occur? IS 8 cents per pound, as against 12 cents per pound in Canada. MI·. McCUMBER. Jt is section 501(a) of the emergency The glacial acetic acid, the pure acid, with which we must tariff law. compete, as the Senator from North Dakota has aid has a Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Will the Senator read jt? I price in Canada, f. o. b. Sha:winigan Falls, the place .;here it have not that paragraph before me. ~s manufactured, of 20 cems a pound in barrels and 201 cents 'Mr. 1\IcOU:MBER. "It -reads as follows: m carboys, and the price in the .New Yo.rk market is 8-lt cents SEc. 501. (a) That on and after the day following the enactment .of a pound. - this act, for i.he period of three months, no .sodium nitrite, no dyes or dyestulfs, including crudes and intermediates, no .product or products So, l\~r. President, we have this wonderful performance: derived ,directly or indir ctly from coal ttar (including crudes, inter The maJority of the great Finance Committee of the Senate mediates, iinished -or parity finished products, .and mixtures flDd -com undert~k~ to convince us tbat .the price of this commodity pounds of uch coal- ar _products), and .no synthetic organic drugs or where It 1s manufactured and whence it is expo1rted 'is 1ower synthetic organic chemica~s, ·shall 'be admitted to entry or delivered ·from cu toms custody in 'the •United State or in any of its poasessions than it iB in i:)le United :tates, and 'therefore in order to meet unless the Secretary .determines that -such article or a satisfacto.J;y sub~ the diffe.cence in price, :the Committee on Fi~ce propo e to stitute therefor is not obtainable in the United States or Jn any of ·put a duty upon Jt of 1.lbout'25 per cent, when the fact is that :the 'its posse ions in ufficient quantities and on reasonable terms as to quality, price, and delivery, and that -such article in the quantity to be .:price in ~h~ country whence this preduct comes is nea11ly double admitted is required for consumption by an .actual consumer .in the tlll fact, 1t 1.8. more than double-the price in the ·United States. United States or 'in any of its possessiOns within six months after We ~ere tol?- yesterday, with all.asso.rance, and w.e are.n.gain receipt of i:he merchandise. told th1s mormng, that the committee fixed the duty becan e ot That is the portion of the -emergency tariff .act which has that freak .importation of 28,000 pounds afte1· the embargo law twice been extended without any moClification, and as vinegar had··been passed. is made through a synthetic ;process from carbide it has prac Mr. .McOUMB.ER. .Mr. Pll'esident-- •tically 'been eliminated except, .I presume, certain kinds 'Which Tbe PBJDSIDING -OIDFIOER. Doe the Senator -from New have been allowed to come in. Mexico yield to the Senator from North Dakota? Mr. ffONES of New Mexico. I have asked the Senator to Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I yield to .the Senator. give ·us "that information at Borne length for the pw;pose of l\fr. McCUMBER. Is the Senator -:from New .Mexico certain putting empha is on the situation as it e~ts. I was going to that one pelllly's worth of ·the vinegar was imported .after that call attention to it. law went into effect? As a .matter :ef fact i not the.· enator Vinegar is made.from calcium carbide. 1 was going to refer mi taken in that statement? I think he ~:find that all .of to that, and -why! Because -the Finance Committee in :fixing the commodity which ·was in:worted in the .first nine .mtmths was ihe rate in this schedule use the price of an importation of only imported ·befot·e the emergency law went into effect. 28,000 pounds which came .in as a freak. Is not ·that a woeful .Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Does the Senator from North ·spectacle? 'They do not ascertain the cost of producing the Dakota ·mean to say that the price of that 28,000 pounds, at the commod·ity in this country m· abroad. "They are dl'iven from time Jt was ~ imported, was the common, usual price of the im that poSition. Then they ..,ay that they fix this duty because ported article? of the tlifference in :price, a nil what prices did they take? Mr. McCUl\IBER. r am ·not peaking vf that; J: do not Jknow They took the price of a mere -freak transaction which was just w.hat .the price of that article was when it was imported. I prohibited by the embargo laws of the country. Tinder the assume that the import figures show the price at which it WRS law whiCh the emrtor from Torth 'Dakota has read it was an purchased. I assume that the invoice was honest. unlawful importation. It must have come in and been sold Mr. JONES of New Mexico. That is quite true. on the market under very peculia-r Circumstances. Yet when Mr. McCUMBER. But this is the .point to which I wanted1 to ·the ~Finance Committee '11nfiertook to use prices as the basis for ·direct the Senator's attention. He has everal times poken of putting a tariff upon thi-s .great commodity they used the price the importutivns after .the law went into effect ns " freak ·im which is •a freak, as 'I have said, based upon an importation portations." The emergency law went into effect on the 27th which came in contrary to the embargo laws of -the country. ·day of l\.Iay, 1921. The .figures which .are .given are for the :first Wh~t a woeful spectacle w~ 1have ! nine months of J.921. I think the Senator will .find, instead of Now, Mr. President, in order ·to show .that this was a freak .their being "freak importations," that every one of them was importation 1 want to give a iew other prices. an importation which came into the country prior to the 27th Mr. ·wALSH of Montana. Mr. ·President-- day of May, 1921; and although the figures coYer nine months, The PRE !DING OFFICER. Does the "'Senator from New I think the Senator will find that ·no importations took place Mexico yield to .the enator from Montana? after the law .went into effect. Mr. JONES ·Of New Mexico. .I ··yield. 1\fr. .TONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, let us look at this Mr. WADSH of 1\Ionta:na. Before the Senator ·pa.s8es 'from matter in a really calm and di passionate way. that I want to tinquire if it is a fact .that the same procedure Mr. McCUMBER. Certainly, and let us know the -facts as wa :pursueCl in fixing the rates .genera:lly in the bill, •namely, to they are, without •wr·ong -imp res ions ·being Crt:lated by fallacious put a ·tariff on which would !bring ·the foreign 'Price up to the arguments. price being asked in the American market without any refer .Mr. JONES of New Mexico. That is right. I want the truth, ence whatever to ·what it 'Cost to produce it ;in America? and I hope the Senator will listen· to me for just one moment. l\Ir. JO.N'E of -ew i\fexico. It .was absolutely demonstrated The Senator from North Dakota himself called ,attention to on 'Yesterday that as to this .entire schedule they .had not at the fact that .the importations in 1920 were 2,862,008 pounds. tempted 1to obtain information as to the cost Cff the articles, It was the Senator's own conclu ion that those importations fell either here or abroad. off to 28,000 pounds by rea on of the embargo law. If it was Mr. WALSH •Of Montana. Do [ understand that that posi .not by reason of the embargo law, then I will ask the Senator .tion ·was admitted by •the chainman of the Finance ·Committee? to state why, dm·ing the five month£ of 1921, wJ1en there w s 1\fr. JONES of .New Mexico. T.he .chairman of the ·Finance no embargo law, the importations fell from 2,802,008 pounds Committee yesterday tated that .it -was ba ed upon ·the differ per year i:o 28,000 ,pounds, or 1 per cent in :five months of the ence .between the cost of production here and abroad, 'but when importations for the previous year? The Senator must find ·he ":as.asked for .the .evidence lU)on which the committee acted .some other reason. If the embargo was not the rea on, it there was a failure to produce any. doubtless was that the price in this country was so low that .Mr. WALSH of .i\Iontana. I inguiJ.·ed about it ·because there the Canadian _producer could not afford to export 't, because the is a widespread feeling in the country that ther·e has been an .Price fell from 18 cents in 1920 to 8 cents in the nine months of -enormous .amount -of profiteering, and that prev.aili.ng pJ:ices 1921. So whlchever horn of the ·dilemma the enator .;vJshes to include not only the co t of production but an unc.onscionahle take :I will ask him i! the Finance •Committee .was justified :in 1922. CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE. 5993 accepting the price of what I still denominate a "freak impor the SenatQ.r also that each process in the extraction of alcohol tation " for the purpose of imposing a tariff upon the 75,000,000 from wood is a process by itself, and the cost of producing each pounds normally produced in this country? · of the three products named by the Senator can be ascertained l\Ir President I should like to call attention to the state of just the same as the cost of manufacturing any other article this industry, a'nd I shall do so somewhat in detail, .becalli!e produced in the United States. That has always been the case, the principle upon which the committee acted regardmg thlS and the price at which each article is sold depends entirely item, using the language of the Senator from North Dakota, upon the cost of the item. permeates this whole bill. It is necessary for ~s to unde_rsta~d I will state to the Senator that in some cases, where the somethin()' about the production of this commodity. Acetic acid market will justify it, the principle that he cited could be in the U~ited States is a wood product, which is obtained by taken advantage of; but when business is normal and when heating hardwood. The three products of that .process are there is a steady demand for all of the three articles, then it alcohol, acetate of lime, and charcoal. Alcohol IS the most could not be put into operation. valuable of those products. Wood alcohol has more uses all;d Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, that raises the there is a much more diversified demand for it than for ac~tic old question about which the Senator from Utah must be an acirl. Acetic acid itself, however, is a very valuable chem1cal expert. I should like to have anybody tell me what the cost in a number of industiies. of raising wool is and what the cost of raising the meat of Now, what happened? What was the situation? Before the the sheep is. You have the two products coming along to· ·war, of the entire production of acetate of lime 40 p~r cent gether, and no man living can tell what the cost of one is or was exported. Thus it is apparent that w~ compet~ ~v1~ t:he what the cost of the other is. You can tell the cost of the com· world. Alcohol is also produced not only. m competition With bined product, but you can not tell the cost of either one in Canada but in competition with the world. particular ; and the price of each one is fixed in accordance Mr. SMOOT. The Senator knows, of course, that at that with the law of supply and demand. time there was no synthetic process known. The SenatOI' says that acetic· acid can be produced so much Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I am coming to that a little cheaper under this process. I will ask him why it is that the later. The Senator is right about it; but the situation is as price to-day at the works in Canada is 20 cents a pound and I have described. Some Canadians-and, by the way, about 40 the price in New York is 8! cents a. pound? per cent of the capital stock of the Canadian company is o~ed Mr. SMOOT. I thought I told the Senator that, but I will in the United States--discovered a synthetic process of makmg tell him again. This is a patented process, and acetic acid is acetic acid from calcium carbide; but there is no evidence here made by this process. The Canadian manufacturers are mak as to how much it cost to prodll;Ce the acetic acid by that process, ing the Canadian people pay every dollar that they can. The and. there is no evidence of how much it cost to produce the Canadian manufacturers have a duty of 25 per cent upon every glacial acetic acid in this country. So, when Senators under pound of acetic acid that comes into Canada from any other take to say that there has been developed a patented J?rocess country. Therefore they have that protectetl market, and they for manufacturing synthetic acid and that that process IS very take advantage of it in every way possible; but when they much cheaper than production by wood distillation in this coun come into the American market, in the past they have come . in try, I say there is not a particle of evidence on which to found free, and in order to sell the product in this country they are the statement. going to sell it at a lower price than they do at home. The 1\fr. SMOOT. Mr. President, common sense tells anybody who very figures that the Senator submitted to the Senate prove knows anything about the production of acetic acid th~t t~e beyond a question of a doubt that that is what they have done synthetic process is c~eaper than the process o~ extract~g ~t in the past and that is what they are going to do in the fUture; from wood. Not only that, but the dust of calcmm carbide IS and the orD.y reason why we ask for protection on acetic acid used in the synthetic process of making acetic acid, and by is from the very fact that we do not propose that Canada shall that method 100 per cent acetic acid can be made. I kn?w the impose a duty upon acetic acid and then have this market as a Senator will agree with me that it can be made cheap~r m that dumping ground. That is what she has had, and that is wh~t .way than by extracting it from wood and employmg three she would have with free acetic acid. If we do not have thiS processes to get it into similar condition. duty, .the Canadian plants will run continuously. Canada wi? Mr. JONES of New Mexico. The statement of facts made control this market. She can sell her product under what It by the Senator is true. As to his conclusion, however, I am not actually costs her to make it, even with the new process, and· convinced and I will state why. then make it up on the price she charges for the balance of the Mr. SMOOT. The synthetic process would not be employed product to other parties. Those are the absolute facts of the if it were not cheaper. case, and that is the condition, and that is the only reason why Mr. JOijES of New 1\Iexico. In the first place, there is no there ought to be a duty upon this item. evidence as to the cost of the calcium carbide. The Senator l\fr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, I thank the Sen has stated that the product is made from the dust of calcium ator from Utah for stating so clearly the next point which I carbide and I think he is right about that, but there is no wish to discuss. I know that the statement, coming from the dis evidenc~ as to the quantity of that dust which is available, tinguished Senator from Utah, will be accepted as . the actu.al nor is there the slightest evidence as to the cost of production situation and the inferences which he draws about the tariff in this country. in Canacla and about the dumping of the commodity in this As I stated a while ago, the products of the distillation of country will be accepted. So, then, we bav~ this problem to hardwood are alcohol, acetate of lime, and charcoal. I should deal with : It is not a question of the actual cost of the com like anybody to tell me how it can be said that the acetate of modity in Canada as compare~ with the cost in this. count.ry; lime costs one amount, the alcohol costs another, and the char it is not a question of prices in Canada as compared With pnces coal another. They are relative terms; and if the price of in this country; but it is a question of the Canadian producer acetate of lime goes down there is no reason in the world why dumping his product on the American market, and I think the the producer can not raise the price of his alcohol, and make Senator-is right. · his entire product profitable, and that is done. Mr. Sl\IOOT. That is the question; and not only that, but Mr. SMOOT. 1\Ir. President, of course I do not care about that is why I prepared as best I could an antidumping pro_vi getting into a discussion; but the man who makes wood alcohol sion in this bill, which I designated the other day as one with has to compete with the manufacturer of alcohol by some other teeth in it ; and I think myself that if this antidumping provi process and I will say to the Senator that there are ways in sion becomes a law and is enforced it will stop a great many of which tDcohol can be made even cheaper than by its extraction the evils that have existed in the past, not only with acetic from wood. I mean to say that pure alcohol can be made in acid corning from Canada but with other articles coming from many ways cheaper than ·wood alcohol can be made from wood, foreign countries as well. but, of course, the pure alcohol would have to be denatured or Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, there was a very else pay the Government tax. Wood alcohol does not pay the advisinO' witness who appeared before the Ways and l\feans Government tax; and the Senator knows that we thought a Committee of the House, a Mr. Stilling, of the Wood Products few years ago that we were going to run all the automobiles Co., of Buffalo, N. Y. I will state that the 'Vood Products Co. and all the engines in this country by alcohol made from the produces alcohol, acetate of lime, and c~a~coal, just the s~e waste fruits of the country, but we found that it was not really as all other producers of these wood distillates ; and here IS a success. what be bad to say and the reason he gave for wanting a tariff As to the price of wood alcohol, it can not be raised any upon these items. He was talking particularly of alcohol at higher than the price at which it can be imported into this the time: country. They have better wood facilities and a greater quan Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, I represent the tity of wood in Canada than we have in this country, so the Wood Products Co., of Buffalo, N. Y., the larg:est refin~rs of woC?d price can not be raised above the market price. I will say to alcohol in the United States. We are not particularly mterested m 5994 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 26,
protection in the common acceptation o:t' this word, because we be~eve quests of th interested t' h t t 1 't th thl. country is big enough in natural resources and has the technical e par I.eS w 0 wan 0 exp Ol e Ameri skill and ability to enable us to compete with any other country b.av- can people, and the majority of the Finance Committee has ing tho same labor costs. We are, however, very much interested ~cceded to the requests. That, in my humble judgment and in any et of law which will permit Canada, for instance, to maintain m my fu•m conviction, is the purpose which actuated the fram b1gh price. in her domestic market and -sell her surplus- of wood . f chemicals in this country at prices below those charged at home. I mg 0 this bill. feel that no argument is needed on this point to convince you of the Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. unfairness of such a condition. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will call the roll. Then, after further testimony, he makes this statement: The reading clerk called the roll, and the following Senator.g While it was shipped in September- answered to their names : He spoke of a shipment of 250,000 gallons of alcohol-into New Ball Harreld McKinley Sheppard York in the latter part of 1920; and, by the way, I may state Bra.ndegee Harris McNary Simmons Smoot that the whole amount shipped in was purchased by Mr. ~~?:::ard ~sou ~~ls~~ Stanley Stilling's company for the purpose of pre\enting it from being Capper Johnson Newberry Sterling put upon the general market in competition with American- Caraway Jones, N.Mex. Nicholson Sutherland Town end produced alcohol. He was big enough to buy the whole im- g~~~son fr~~fog;vaah. ~~~:~ Walsh, Mass. portation of a quarter of a million gallons in 011der to protect Dial Kendrick Oddie Walsh, Mont. the industry in this country, which demonstrates that the I Edge Keyes Overman Watson, Ga. Wat on, Ind. American market is controlled by a few people, and in my ~f:t~er ~d Pepper Williams jud!mlent tllis one concern fixes the price in the Ameriean FreliB.ghuysen La Follette ~~:n Willis market. So sure were they of being able to fix the price that Glass. Lenroot Poindexter when an importation of a quarter of a million gallons came ~dlllg ~~i~;r Ransdell into the country, this one concern bought it all in order to con- e Rawson trol the American market. · Mr. CURTIS. I desire to announce that the Senator from Mr. Stilling says, speaking of this alcohol: Maryland [Mr. FRANCE] is absent on business of the Senate. While it was shipped in September, it did not arrive in Buffalo until The PRESIDING OFFICER. Si.x:ty-<>ne Senators having an- the 1st of October. While we have taken this quarter of a; million swered to their names, a quorum is present. gallons, at the present time they are only running about 40 per cent Mt"". SIM1UONS. Mr. President, I wish to lay down orne gen- capacity and consequently the domestic consumption is able to take care of the output, but when they start up and begin running 100 per eral propositions with reference to this bill before I start upon cent capacity they will have a surplus o:t' from sixty-five to eighty a discussion of its provisions. ~!o~~n~iJ;.lloruJ a month which undoubtedly would have to come over 1. A careful study of this bill in connection with existing conditions here and abroad make it perfectly clear that it was That is the alcohol; but even that amount which could come framed with a view to maintaining pre ent prices and to enable if they were runn.tng at capacity' would be a small item com- the industries which it protects to further advance these ex- pared with the American production. cessi"rely high prices without incurring the risk of foreign com- Mr. Green says: petition. Now, i:t' we propose a countervailing duty-that is, made a general 2 It 'll · 't bl 1 d t h' h · high t provision similar to what we did with reference to wheat at one · Wl · meVI a Y ea O tg er pnces, er cos of liv- time that il1 case any other conntry imposes a duty on alcohol exported ing, and the further monopolization of American industries. to that country that same duty should oo applied to alcohol imported 3. In many instances the rates are absolutely prohibitive. into thi country-would that help any, or would they just take off Especially is this true with reference to the highly specializ"6d their duty? ... products, and these constitute the bulk of. our dutiable imports. Now comes what they want: It is not difficult to see that the American produce.l's of dutiable Mr. STILLING. Well, that, of course, is impos ible to st:l:te. They commodities protected against foreign competition need only probably would reduce it because it is higher than they need for by recourse to certain. well-known devices "'"d evne~'~~ents- their protection, but we are asking just exactly the same duty com- ~ ~.t~ UJe ing this way that they have on shipments going the other way. bring about concert of action with respect to production and 'Vhat does that mean? It means, Mr. President, tllat this selling price to enable them to fix and maintain prices as high· tariff which Canada has imposed upon these products enables as the traffic will bear. . the Canadian producer to manufacture his product and receive 4. A comparison of the rates imposed in the bill with those at home such a price as he sees fit to put upon it, and, if he has of the Payne-Aldrich bill will show that upon the basis of th~ any surplus, to dump it upon some other country at any price prices of products during the two periods, the only basis of a he can get; and that is precisely what these people want when fair comparison of equivalent ad valorems, the propo ed rates they are asking for this tariff on acetic acid and many others applied to pre ent import prices average-e::s:pressed. t.n term of of the items mentioned in this bill. equivalent ad val.orem are from 40 to 50 per cent lfigher than While they can comP,ete with the world in production, while the average Payne-Aldrich rates for any year during the life of they do export 40 per cent of acetate of lime, yet they want this that act. tariff, and they want it at the same rate which Canada has put 5. Whatever may b.e said-and that proposition will be dis upon it. Canadians u e it for the purpose of making their home cussed later-with reference to the volume of our importations people pay a high price for the product, and if they have a during the war period and the aftermath war period, the official surplus to enable them to dump it on the rest of the world at a statements of imports for the years 1921 and 1922, and espe lower price. Th::rt is just one of the conditions which will be cially for the last nin~ months ending February, 1922, chow that produced by this bill, and which I condemn. they have now reached almost a normal basis and are not ex- I do not want to bring about that situation in this country. cessi\e, and that, compared with our exports during the same I do not want, by means of a tariff, to enable a combine to con- period, they are relatively low. trol prices in this country, to make the American consumer pay 6. If the reductions thus shown have taken place under the . an exorbitant profit, and enable the trust simply to ~ump its much lower rates of the present law, it must be obviou.s tbat the surplus on there t of the world. That, avowedly, is the purpose drastic increase of tbe pending bill will re ult in reducing to for which these people have applied for the tariff in this bill, a point where it will be utterly impo ible for us, in present with glacial acetic acid selling at 20 cents in Canr.Ua at the fac- international economic conditions, to sell our large exportable tory and at 8! cents in New York. Imagine that! There is none ·urplus of manufactured and agricultural products in foreign being imported now, but 8i cents a pound is the price the Ameri- markets ·beeause of the well-known fact that our foreign ens can producer is willing to take for it. That is the New York tomers are now, and for an indefinite period will continue to be, price. This other concern is charging 20 cents for the same unable to purchase our products except through the proces of article at the factory in Canada, and now they avowedly want exchange of merc.ha.ndise. to bring about such a condition in this country as will enable 7. The two greatest economic problems which confront the the producers of this commodity to raise the price to the Ameri- American people to-day are (1) the que tion of foreign maTkets can consumer in the same way that that profiteering concern for our surplus products of the field, factory, and mine, and (2) is doing with the people of Canada. There is not a line of tes- closely related to the first is the question of unemployment, timony here to show the cost of production in this country or which already presses hard upon us and whiCh, unles the first in Canada. problem i wi ely solved, will rapidly grow to alarming pro- Mr. President, I think I have discussed this item sufficiently, portions. . and, as I have said, I have done this because the chairman of Manifestly the farmer, the ma.n:ufactnrer, and the mine op.er the Finance Committee refers to this item as involving the prin- ator can give employment to la.bnr only to the extent to which ciples which permeate this bill; and that is so. The bill is they can find a market for their products, and th refor nrunar framed not upon the cost of productwn; it is framed not upon keted and undi po ed of surplus means unecployment and cut· the di1Ierence in prices; it is framed in response to the re- ta.ilment of production. • 19~2. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE . 5995
8 .•The duties impo ed upon agricultural products will be of the committee to warn the country against vain expecta mostly inoperative or ineffective either because of (1) practi tions. But the warning of the S~nator is in striking contrast cally no importations or (2) such meager importations as could with the reiterated a urances of tho e who have asked these not po sibly affect the domestic price or ( 3) where, on account high rates and obtained them. They have confidently predicted, of our large e:Arportable surplus, the domestic pdce of the par and loudly proclaimed that if they WeJ:e given what they asked ticulat• at1:icle is ba ed upon and fixed by the world selling price. and were thhs protected against foreign competition, an over 9. The effective duties upon certain agricultural products, whelming tide of prosperity would ·at once set in and bu iness such as wool and sugar, will undoubtedly tend to advance the would hum as never before. However, in making these pre price of such commodities in the dome tic market, just as the 'dictions of the great prospedty ·to follow the enactment of the effeeti-ve duties upon manufactured products will undoubtedly bill, these bounty seekers probably intended no reference to tend to advance the domestic price of these prrodnct.s. Bnt the consumers, bu:t only to the favored few to whom the bill tl1e aggregate benefits to the farmer through increases in price gives wha.t they asked. will be small, "indeed almost inconsequential, as compared with ' If the Se.na.:t:or was addressing to the consumers his warning the additional burdens he will have to bear by reason i>f the against entertaining unwan:anted expectations, it was most increases in the prices, made possible by these higher duties, timely and altogether justified, but if he intended his warn of the things he must buy and consume in the operation of his ing for those who, while the bill was in the making, from day to busine s and in supplying his domestic demands. day swarmed about the sacred precincts of the room in which 1-o. The rule marrifestly adopted and followed by the commit the secret executive sessions of the majority ere held, they tee in ascertaining the measure of protection which should be will douMless regard his warning as a choice bit of humor, accorded a given product or industry in order to effect the meas and accept it as a hint -01· -a wink not to be too noisy and not ure of protection the bill intends violates every tileory or prin to indulge in too much hilarity over the good things awaiting ciple of protection heretofore advocated or proclaimed by the them, especially not until after the bill has pas ed the gauntlet champions of protection, including the Republican Party, in this of the Con
reached their peak, and exports having reached their peak, There bas been some controversy as to the extent of thes~ in rece ion set in. • creases. It has been stated that they are no higher than the In the calendar year 1920 our imports amounted to $5,278,- Payne-Aldrich rates, although radically higher than the rates 000,000 n _against $2,509,000,000 in 1921, showing a falling off of the present law. . . • in the latter year compared with the former of $2,769,000,000, It is estimated that the average equivalent -aD valorem of the a reduction of more than one-half. There was arso a notable dutiable articles under the bill is at least somewhere around falling off in our exports. • 45 per cent. The advocate of fuTther re triction of imports upon the I am advised, I will say in passing, by the Actuary of the ground that our markets are being flooded witll foreign products · Treasw·y, who has been trying to make this computation, that haYe laid particular stress upon imports from Europe, e pecially be has not yet reached a point where he c~ state with certainty from Germany, and from Asia, especially China and Japan, what the increases will be, but from the information I have an
.'· 1922. CONGRESSIONAE RECORD-SENATE. 5991j
of the e countries to-day, with $11,000.,000,000 indebtedness to us, The facts of the situation show that as labor here has been '\\itb no a gold with which to pay us for what they buy un~ess ·we able, by processes familiar to us all, to protect itself against un freely buy from them, they will of necessity be force~, if we cut reasonable decline in prices, so has labor abroad: In fact, the o:ff their imports of dutiable products, to limit their purchases of war brought to labor throughout the world a better understand our goods to the amount of our pureba.ses from them of products ing of its strength. Under this awakening and inspitation labor not produced iu this country or of products upon which ~he biU 1las, a.s never before, been more assertive of its rights of partici· levies no duty. · pation in the profits of industry, and the resistance which· it has • It might be that our trusts and monopolies would still flourish.. demonstrated abroad to what it regards as undue reductions and· have theil' inflated profits by restricting their production to has resulted in maintaining the approximate equality estab the demands of the American market. However that may be, lished during the war. Labor strikes in England, Italy, and and whatever policy might be adopted tly the great captains of many other industrial .countries, like labor strikes in our owil industry with respect to this mattv, 1t is certain that if o?r im country, have evidenced this resistance and have demonstrated ports are reduced ta·a minirnum'our exports must likewise be re labor's ability in those countries to protect and maintain the duced to a minimum, and that we will be compelled to reduce relative international standards which were established during our production of all the products which we now largely export the war, with the result that labor costs in this country and in or face the ruinous consequences of a glutted market. competing countries, if not quite equal, are much more nearly Nothing could be more absurd from the .standpoint oination.al equal to-day than at any time during the pre-war period. welfare than to deliberately and drastically reduce imports It is doubtless true that the acutely abnormal conditions. for from Europe to satisfy the clamor of a few sellers of toys and a period after the war were more pronounced in respect to knive , when our imports from Europe now amount to only German prices of labor and commodities than as to those of other $764,000,000, just a little more than the annual interest upon the European countries, and that the disturbing effect was greater debt which Europe owes us. So that all that Euro~e would and of longer duration. This difference was due to the fact that receive from us in payment of her imports would practically the German situation was temporarily eXceptional. That country · be absorbed by our interest charges against her, leaving her had as a result of long and intensive concentration of effort,. in her present :financial condition, with, little or nothing with under the control and direction of the Government, developed a which to liquidate her purchases from us. • perfect and efficient military and economic organization, working In face of the fact that under the present tariff law these in harmony and concert with each other and directed to two imports have, as I have shown, been reduced to such u low great objectives-one the military and the other the commercial level, upon what theory oi sanity can we justify doubling present conquest of the world. It was a national dream and obse sion. rates and authorizing the· President to add 50 per cent to that? They confidently expected the war to result in the accomplish I now proceed to the consideration of the second proposition, ment of the former objective, and they lent their energies~ even namely, the contention made in support of these rates, that the during hostilities, to preparation for the latter objective. Work assumed differences between the selling prices here and abroad ing to the sa·me end, they ruthlessly dismantled and destroyed, of dutiable products make these exorbitant increases in duties when possible, the industrial plants and cargo carriers of the nece sary to protect .American· business. Allies, their natural competitors in world trade. In the opera Undoubtedly, as a result of the war and war conditions, there tion of these various industrial plants, in addition to producing were radical changes and fluctuations in the selling prices in all the necessary war material, they sought to accumulate large industrial and commercial countries. The changes were invari surplus stocks and provide arrwle ocean transportation with a ably upward and were greatly pronounced in 1918, 1919, and view, by quick and expeditious action, to getting possession of · 1920. During that period these increases were great and gen the foreign market ahead of their competitors when the war eral, but, beginning with 1920, readjustment and stabilization ended. · completely changed these conditions and during the -year 1921, They failed in their dream of military conquest, but they • especially during the last eight months ending February; 1922, did not despair of quickly getting on their feet and expeditiously export selling prices of imports of foreign merchandise, like achieving commercial supremacy. import , r~ached, ayproximately at least, pre-war levels. As a result, when the war closed Germany occupied a position Mr. President, as a comparison with selling prices of domestic of both industrial and commercial advantage over its former products in this market I wish to have inserted as an appendix competitors except in ocean tonnage. The German people had to my remarks a table showing the 1921 selling prices of Ger accumulated a much larger exportable surplus, but their man products compared with those of 1914. It relates to ~r splendid merchant fleet had been scrapped or confiscated by ma.uy, and it is better that it should be so for the purpose of the Allies, and they lacked necessary shipping facilities. In this argument, because most of the duties in this bill have been these conditions they did a wonderful thing. After buving, based upon the prices of German products, and it has been leasing, and · chartering . tonnage wherever they could get it, claimed that German prices were notably below the prices of by quickly putting their shipyards in operation at full ca other European countries. [See Appendix A.] pacity and speed, day and night, they built and assembled in an Let us take hosiery, for instance. In 1914 the German incredibly short time a reasonably adequate merchant :tlee.t and price f. o. b., measured in dollars, was $1.81 per unit for the established regular lines to the main ports of practically all the pre-war period. In 1921 the German price, measured in dollars, important countries of the world. At home they inaugurated was $1.89. an effective propaganda cunningly directed to the attainment On laces, in 1914, the German price was 35 cents per. unit, of their scheme Q.f quick preemption of the world market by and in 1921 it was 64 cents, almost double. tt>.mporarily underselling their competitors by drastically ·re- . On cotton gloves, in 1914, the price was $2.14 in Germany, and ducing their costs of production. Under the impulse of pah·i in 1921 it was $8. The table is very, very illuminating, and otic sentiments there was a ready response to this propaganda. establishes conclusively the contention that the export prices of By general concert labor for a time was induced to accept low merchandise imported from Germany and Europe generally, and inadequate wages and manufacturers to content themselves , · which is the basis taken in this bill as a starting point; have with small profits, to the end that prices might be reduced to m recent months, and especially in the last 18 months, enor such a minimum as would make po sible the wholesale under mously increased. It would seem to be axiomatic that tariff selling in the world market of which we have heard so much. duties should be levied on the basis of conditions wpich exist at But for the stern and effective action of the Allies rend~ring the time the law is framed and passed, and not the conditions impotent--except for a brief period-their efforts in this direc which existed at another time in the- past and ·which have tion, they might have gone far in the accomplishment of this changed. · ·1 • .,. ; · · • " national scheme of commercial conquest and aggrandizement. Surely there is no foundation for this contention with re· As it was, they were for a time in a position and they took ad spect to labor costs. We have heard here that we could not vantage of it to undersell their competitors, and thus tempora compe~ with Japan and China and Germany because 6f the rily their exportations grew rapidly and their selling prices at excessively low wages paid in those· countries. I wish every home and abroad were abnormally low, resulting in more or less Senator could have heard the testimony before the committee disturbance of price standards and arousing undue alarm in. upon that ·subject. He would then have fully appreciated the many competing countries as to the permanency of the situation argument I have made. It was stated that German wages were thus created. from a fourth to a third of what they were in this country ; The national conditions and sentiment under which this situa- that the wages ·in Japan were from a tenth to a sixth of what tion was created in Germany no longer exist. Stocks accu· they were in this country. The fact is that the difference in the mulated during the war and war surpluses have been disposed price of labor here and abroad is much le.ss to-day than it was of. The compelling impulsion of patriotism has abated or sub before the war, much less than it was when the Aldrich bill sided. The German laborer is no longer content with under was passed, and much less than it was when the Underwood bill pay nor the manufacturer with low profits-they demand, r& was passed. · spec_t!vely, full pay and full profits measmed by new world • • ·5998 .CONGRESS! NAL llECORI)-SENATE. APRIL 26, • standards; and as a consequence German prices of labor and debtors in Europe, would bring disaster-in the end both to us as ·products hav-e during the past year advanced approximately to lender and .to them as borrower. Now, the corollary of this situ world levels and still continue to advance, while the prices of ation is that if we can not sell our surplus products abroad we their competitors show · recessions. In February of this year must inevitably reduce production, which would mean increa ed ~German c~modity prices ad\anced 20 per cent, as compared unemployment. Let us briefly analyze that situation. We now with 23 per cent in March, as shown by the statement of the produce an enorl!lous exportable surplus. Heretofore we have Federal Re. er\e Board, issued this month and based on Berlin sold this surplu abroad, and it ha been the foundation of our index numbers, and there is now but little if any appreciable . great national prospei'ity and th m::u·\elou expansion of our underselling of German products in our markets, and their industries of factory · and field during the last quarter of 8 prices are about the same as those from other foreign industrial century. If we can not ell thi · urplu abroad we can not countrie . I sell it at all and it will become wor ·e than worthies . It will If there existed during the acutely abnormal period of 1918, cea e to be an asset and becogte -a Ua.ngerou · liability. 1919, and 1920 temporary need for higher duties than tho. e im- In these circumstances-and they undeniably are actualities in posed in the pre ent law to further restrict the low-price Ger- 1 the present sit~ation-the exce si\ely high rate of duties now man importations of tho e period from the standpoint of the ! propo ed is insanity pure and simple, the in ·anity of overma - protectionist, the bard facts of the present international trade j tering selfishness-and greed; it is a short ightedness which can situation show that no such need exists to-day, and surely as I , only be account d for. by the blinding influence of a\arice upon ba-re already said, it will be admitted by all that the le\ying of I the human mind. If we lose our foreign markets for our ex • tariff duties should be directed not to conditions that have l portable surplus, or to the extent to which we lo e these mar existed and ha\e passed away, but to conditions actually obtain- 1 kets by the impo ition of these drastic tariff re triction , un ing at the time of their imposition or wh~ch were then in rea- I employment of labor must follow reduction in production, and a sonable anticipation. To adopt any other rule would be in- I toppagE(. of further expansion in all of our industrial pursuits. famous in its effect upon those who have to pay the taxes. I This woUld be inevitable. Obviously. our farmers, our manufac- Mr. President, I shall offer as a part of my remarks, without I turers. our inine owners, can giYe employment to labor only to · reading, to be printed as an appendL"{ to my peech, the report !I the extent that they can find market for labor products. There of the Federal Reserve Board with reference to the radical fo~ undisposed-of surplus means not only reduced production but increases of German price· in recent months. reduced employment of labor to that extent. Our vaunted Amer- Tbe VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection. it is so ordered. , ican markets are indeed fine. Our people are great consumers and · ( ee Appendix: B.) · I buyers-in fact, the greatest-but if the American market is to · 1\lr. SIMMONS. Mr. President, in further consideration of j be the only market for American product we must limit do- , the second proposition I laid down a few moments ago, namely, mestic production to domestic consumption; otherwi e our 'that the effect of the~e excessi\ely high and prohibitive duties I boasted standards of prices and living will be uper eded by the by unduly restricting imports would inevitably result in the I standards of such conntrie as have in the past followed the 'destruction of our foreign market for our exportable surplus, I policy of commercial isolation, which the high rates of tbi bill _I think it. must be evident that this of all times is an inoppor- j will tend to inaugurate and ultimately e.tabli h in this coun tune time for any action on our part which could possibly pre- try. China, the home of the oldest civilization in the world, cipitate such a result. I think we will all agree that the effect ll with v-ast natural resources and a rich . oil, with an inclu triou ·of the exclusion or undue restriction of imports of foreign and intelligent population, ha for centurie followed this policy,
products at this time, especiall/ the products of our allies dur- 1 and poYerty and national impotency are and have been the. ing the war, who haYe always been and are yet the best 1 penalty of her folly. · customers for our goods, would now, of all times, be the most I Mr. Pre ident, this bill is the outcome of the frenzied out inopportune. Such a restriction in pre-war times would not 1 cries of a lot of tariff beneficiarie · and bounty seekers who have • hav-e seriously affected our export business with Europe. I been thrown into a panic by a purely temporary ituation and Europe was then our creditor. Our annual interest pay- who in the panic have greatly magnified and exaggerated the ments to her were large. We were dependent upon her : facts. If the conditions out of which this clamor grew had been .for our ocean transportation. and our payments to her on I of a permanent character, and ·if they existed to-day to the this account were al o large. Her treasuries were full of gold, . extent that they did during the war aftermath period, there her currencie at par, and she wa able to pay for what she 1 might be some justification for higher rates than tho e of the might buy from us. pre~nt law; but there would be none for the rate proposed in That situation has complet~ly changed as a re ult of the war. the pending bill; nor could any imaginable condition growing \Ve paid off our European indebtedness during the war; we now out of the importation and ale of foreign product in our mar owe her nothing. The former ituation i completely· reversed, I kets warrant the delegation to the President of the extraor and to-day they owe us more than $11,000,000,000. She will oon . dinary powers conferred upon him by the Senate committee begin to pay u. annually between five and six hundred million !I amendments o\er imports, rate cia. sification, ,and rate ba e . dollars in interest cbaro-e. . We now have a merchant fleet ade- If, however, the majority are determined to delegate the e qnate to our requirements and we need no loQger employ Euro- plenary powers, unconstitutional, dangerous, and re\olutionary pean· ·hips to transport our products to foreign markets. As a I as such a grant of power undoubtedly would be, and shall actu re ult of the war the gold of the world has been drawn to this ally do so, the rates of duties of the ;>resent law would be snf country. Millions upon millions of it lies idle in American ! ficient to meet all exceptional condition exLting or apprehended vault . Em·ope ha not a dollar of gold she can spare. The j without further increase in rates. In othet' word , if uch an little she has is not sufficient ~o maintain her currency parity. extraordinary power over rate. is granted to the Pre ident, In these conditions-and in a large mea m·e they reflect condi- I there would be no necessity for increasing the present rate". tion · not only in Europe but in the outside world-if by tariff 1 On the other band, if the rates in this bill, in them elve prac rates we cut off importations from abroad or materially ~'e- • tically prohibitive, are adopted, there could be no ju. tification duce importation below the low and approximately normal I or excu e for granting these powers to the President. · level" which I have shown now exist, it is clear it will be impos- I now come to one of the most seriou. aspects of the bill a sible for foreign countrie-., especially our allies in Europe, to amended by the Senate committee. The recognition of the prin continue to buy our products, because largely the only means I ciple, specififally written into the bill, as to th~ basis of a cer they now have of pa~ing for them is that of exchange of mer-, taining the measure of tariff protection which should be ac cbandise. corded, i fraught \'?:illi more danger- and po e e 0 Teater The argument has been made by many who favor the high pro-~ potentialitie of oppreu ion through the exerci e of the taxing tective tariff rate in thi bill that Europe ca.n not pay the power than any scheme of legislation ever propo ed in thi or interest upon the rnoney ~ he now owes us unless we freely buy any other country. The propo ition of American '7alu\tion i her good~. Nobody doubts the oundness of this statement o bad both in principle and from the standpoint of public policy, far as I have heard. If it be tme that Europe is only able to I but I fear that more serious consequences will flow from the pay us interest upon her debt through the proce e of exchange application of the new principle proposed for determining and of merchandise, it i logically and necessarily equally true that fixing the mea ·ure of protection which ..;hould be accord d. Europe can only pay for her purchases of merchandi ·e from us What i that principle? by way of exchange of commodities. It ought to require no Eyerybody knows that the ill-fated Payne-Aldrich law was elaboration of argument to how that in present conditions if .we based upon no fixed rule for measuring the rate of protection cea to buy from the outside world, especially Europe, there will to be accorded; indeed, it was framed upon no principle except be left to them no way to pay for what they buy from us unless that of giving what was a ked by those to whom the Republican we extend them credit or lend them money with which to buy, Party was committed by obligations alrno t a binding as the and to do that in the :fu,ce of px·esent conditions, especially of ~ur l~e.u of a mortgage. Rates arrived at iu such a way were nee- • • .CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE. 5999
. essarily un !fltisfaf!tory and in many instances opPressive_ and Mark the words. Senators, " in trade"- he shall, by such investigation, ascertain said ditrerences and deter ruinous. The public sentiment of _the . country de~U?ded ~at mine and proclaim the changes in classifications or forms of du_ty or all tariff rates should be based upon some fixed prmc1ple which increases or decreases in any rate of duty . provided in this act shown should take into consideratio-n the interests of the cons~e~· as by said ascertained ditferences in conditions of competition in trade well a the producer and furnish rea~nable safeguards agamst neces ary to equalize the same in the markets of the United States; that 30 days after the date of such proclamation or proclamations such the imposition of unnece sary and excessive taxes. Under ~he changes in classification or in form of duty shall take effect and such superb leadership of that master of invective an~ compe~g increased or decreased duties shall be levied, collected, and paid on eloquence, Jonathan Dolli-rer, an aroused and indignant pubhc such merchandise when imported directly or otherwise from the country of origin into the United States: Pt·ovided, That until further provided sentiment dro-re the old guard leadership of that day to ac by law the total increase or decrease of such rates of duty shall not quie ce in a definition of. the measure of pro_tectioJ.?- which exceed 50 per cent of the rates specified in this act, or in any amenda should thereafter be applied in arri-ring at the tanff duties to be tory act. imposed. That definition was deliberately written into the That is declared to put into force and effect ,.the policy of the Republican platform of 1912, and from that time up to the "Congress by this act intended," and then follows a clear defini adYent to power of the present administration it has been pr? tion of what that policy is, and the President is directed to claimed and lauded by the Republican Party as the true basis pm;sue it in case lie shall impose these additional duties. · of the ascertainment of duties leYied upon the protective prin This section of the bill undoubtedly gives the definition of the ciple. The rule us thus ad.opted ·provided that the rate of duty principle upon which rates are .made, and it is the difference in imposed. should be based. upon the difference in cost of produc con
LXII--379 •
6000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .. APRIL 26~
the Underwood tarift', earned St per cent on this inflated capital I am informed that the pre ident of this company, .Mr. Wood, wrote the foreign and do~~tic article are not compuable, they have ex woolen-goods s.chedule for the Finance Committee. tended the prmc1-ple so as to protect the American article Mr. S.MOOT. That is .a ridiculous statement. against'possible displacement by a noncomparable artic-le. l\lr. Sil\lliONS. Well, I do not know; perhaps the· Senator In levying duties upon this basis it would eem to go with- from Utah wrote it. o;rt saying that the exp~rt selling price of the product at the lr. SMOOT. I am perfectly willing to say that I had .a hand time of the enactment of the law should furni h the basis, and:: in it; and William M. Wood is not in thi country, and that is D;Ot th~ export p1ice some time in the past when price condi about .as much truth as there is in that letter. tioR were possibly enti-rely different, {)r in the future upon l\fr. Sil\illON . Well, Mr. President, the question of w:ho the theory that trade conditions and prices will change. Any wrote the schedule is merely incidental. I will not go fur other cour e would seem to be absurd, not to say monstrous. · ther into that; but does the Senator deny that this company ·What ure the facts 'Witb reference to this important matter? raised its prices from 10 to 45 cents a yard on the Thursday I am advised by experts who assisted the committee in a cer before April 16? taining the basis for this ·principle that the Reynolds report Mr. SMOOT. I do not know as to that. All I say is that, finding tbe export p-rices of f{)reign products was in the main as far as the -duties :rrpon wool are concerned, they are -even accepted by the committee as fixing the price upon whieh ·the higher to-day than we have them in the pending bill. duties shGculd be a: eertained and levied. Mr. SlliMONS. I do not want to discu that ubject now. Th Reynolds -report is b sed upon export elling price of I will do so later. foi'eign merchan:dise in Aug.u t, 1921-eight months ago-and Mr. SMOOT. I did not intend to di cuss it. pre umably upon the selling price of domestic products at that Mr. SIUMONS. I want to say to the Senator that I care time; but since that time there have 11een marked chang-es in: nothing in the world about the statement as to Mr. Wood. I 'PTice levels in botb f
Thi bill is to operate in the future and it should be framed some of the duties imposed in this bill, like those imposed upon with reference to the present situation so far as that situation sugar and wool, will increase the price of domestic sugar and in any way affects the rates which will be applied under the wool. I grant you that increasing the duty on sugar will in principle upon which it is ~ramed. ' crease the price of American-grown sugar-cane or beet-and • AGRICULTURll. there are undoubtedly other agricultural products that would Mr. President, I shall now briefly discuss agriculture and the likewise be enhanced in selling price by the imposition of these · agricultural duties of the bill. duties, but the great bulk of agricultural products upon which I wish to address myself to the question of the effect of these duties are based would not be affected at all, and for the the duties imposed in this bill upon agricultural products and reasons I have heretofore given. This may be illustrated with upon the farmer as a consumer of between 40 and 50 per the duty of 15 cents per bushel on corn. No duty upon corn can cent of the total American consumption of all products, and par affect the American price of corn because practically none is ticularly of those upon which duties are levied under this bill. imported into the country, and we produce more than we need I will endeavor to show that American prosperity for many for our own c.onsu~ption. The amount of corn. imported com years has been largely dependent upon our finding markets for pared to the domestic production would be as one ear to a our exportable surplus, and as we have expanded our produc barrel, and probably not much more than a cupful to a bu\lhe!. tion of agricultural and manufactured products. This de No duty upon these trifling importations .would affect the price pendence has grown greater and greater. Owing to the great of corn. expansion brought about by war conditions it is difficult to It is estimated by experts, after thorough ~nve tigation and measure the pre ent degree of dependence of American pros careful calculation, that for every dollar increase the farmer perity upon foreign markets for our surplus. will get as a result of such of these increases as are effective, he No part of our population is more dependent upon foreign will have to pay by reason of the higher duties on other products markets fo he sale of their surplus products than the American at least $5-$1 in, $5 out. If that is not swapping dollars for farmer. It is true we produce a number of farm products which dimes, it is swapping dollars for quarters. are not exported because the amount is unequal to the Ameri Again, most of the effective duties in this bill when applied can demand, but the production of many of the staple agricul to products of universal consumption and use when operative tural products in this country is enormously in excess of the at all are produced by but a relatively small number of farmers, domestic demand. or are only produced by farmers in certain sections and in Our .exports of cotton heads the list. We produce in normal certain groups. Take sugar and wool. for instance. Sugar and conditions more than twice as much cotton as we need or can ' wool are consumed by all the people. , Sugar is produced in ' use in this country. If we can not sell abroad that part of our Louisiana and a few 'Yestern 'States. While wool is produced cotton production, that portion of the annual production will be in a good many States, it is mainly ·produced in certain sections come valuele , and the congestion which will follow in the of the country. The number of farmers producing sugar and American market will so reduce the price of the half consumed in wool compared with the total number is small, and ret as thi country as to make it impo sible to continue its production, the farmer of this country purchase from 40 to 50 per cent .thus making it absolutely necessary for the farmer to reduce of all the J)roducts consumed in this country they will have his production one-half or face bankruptcy and ruin. to pay one-half of the add~tional duty paid on these products The arne is true in the case of tobacco, while not to as great plus one-half of the increase in the prices of woolens and refined an extent as in the ca e of cotton, and, speaking generally, it is sugar as a result of the additional and compensatory duties true with reference to nearly all our staple food products. allowed the manufacturers of wool and refiners of sugar in We must export our enormous surplus of food products or this bill. cm'tail the production, else the surplus will swamp the Ameri It is estimated by experts that the producers of wool stand to can market and reduce the domestic price below the point of gain something like $45,000,000 for their wool, but as a result profit. in the increase in the rates of manufactures of wool the addi It is therefore evident that the prosperity of the farmer is de tional amount which all the farmers of the country will have to pendent upon our export trade, and it is too self-evident to pay for their clothing and other woolen purchases will be from require statement or elaboration that the volume of our exports three to four times as much· as the woolgrowers gain, and are directly dependent upon and largely measured by the volume thus it will be taxing the whole body of American farmers $4 of our imports. It is a truism which nobody disputes, and a that the relatively few farmers engaged in the production of truism which even the President of the United States has em wool may get $1. phasized-that no nation can expect to sell abroad, even under Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Will the Senator permit me tQ normal conditions, unless they are willing to buy abroad. This call his attention to the fact that the bill reduces the duty on is the basis upon which international trade rests. raw wool from 45 cents per scoured pound to 33 cents, and that If this is true in normal conditions it' is doubly true in present the growers of wool in this countr, are not being additionally conditions. benefited by the bill. Before the war we were a debtor Nation. Our chief competi Mr. SIMMONS. I think the -senator is mistaken about that. tors in trade, Great Britain, France, and Germany, were cred Let me repeat that it is estimated by experts that the pro itor nations. We then depended upon Europe for ocean trans ducers of JVOOl stand to gain something like $45,000,000 for their portation, which made us further debtors to them. So that wool, but as a result of the increase in the rates of manufac without selling us any great amount our annual indebtedness tures of woQl the additional amount which all the farmers of would in part go toward the payment of their annual pur the country will have to pay for their clothing and other woolen chases of us. Besides, the treasuries of Europe were full of purchases will be from three to four times as much 1:ts the wool gold and any balance of trade against them could be readily growers gain. Thus it will be taxing the whole body of the liquidated without embarra ~ment. American farmers $4 in order that the relatively few farmers That situation has now c_ompletely changed. We paid off our engaged in the ~roduction of wool may get an additional dol: European· indebtedness during the war. The pre-war situation lar, but the woolgrowers who get the additional dollar will also is reversed, and they owe us around $11,000,000,000. I am re have to pay their part of the resulting increase in the prices of peating this argument because it applies with more force to. woolens and clothing, and when one calculates that, as I have agriculture than to any othe1' class of producers. These are had experts do-and I am going to give some figures about it conditions existing not only in Europe, but in the outside without reading them-even the woolgrower, who gets the bene world, and if in these conditions we cut off by tariff rates, fit of the higher rates of duty, which are operative in his case importations from abroad, or materially red'uce importations to the full extent of the duty, because we produce only about from the present relati've!y low level, it will be impossible for one-half the amount of wool that we consume in the country, these foreign countries to continue to buy our products, be will find that with the additional price which he will have to • cause largely the only means they have now of paying for our pay-and I am not now speaking of the general farmei·-will products is that of exchange of goods. . have to pay out in his purchases on account of the higher rates It is therefore apparent that not only the farmer but every given on manufactures of wool and clothing more, and much other producer in this country is profoundly interested in doing more, than he will receive. whatever is necessary to support and safeguard our foreign ex Mr. JONES of New Mexico. The point I intended to port trade, and that "drastic reduction in imports soch as would make-- • follow the enactment of this bill would undermine and soon 1\fr. SIMMONS. If the Senator will pardon me, I would Hke utterly destroy our export trade by depriving our foreign cus very much to continue without interruption. tomers of the only remaining means of liquidating their pur Mr. JONES of New Mexico. But the Senator misinterpreted chaseR. what I said a moment ago, and said he did not agree with me. But there is another rea on why what is proposed in this bill I simply want to put myself right. The point I wanted to sug is not in the interest of the American farmer. I grant you that gest was that under the bill all of the commodities which the 6002 (JONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE. APRIL' 26,.
woolgrower must buy are largely increased, and that the du~ -my; investigation a.nd -study of. it, have, I d~ ·not exaggerate upon his product, wool, is decreased by the bill from the. p1·esent: when I sa~, appalled and shock d me, a th y have shocked law, and so the woolgrower is being hurt by the bill rather than' the great InaJjority of the American people, who have eome to helped. The argument which the Senator has made, it seems to' understand what it really me ns and what it will qo if enacted me, was inaccurate in that respect. The existing law, commonly· into law. Editors and re ponsible "heads of many of our {Pieat known as the emergency tariff law, will remain in force if not· . national publications, Republican as well as Democratic, testify, supplanted by this bill, and that law imposes a duty at the rate· · to and declare fts dangers and iniquities. of 45 cents pe1· pound on scoured wool, while this bill proposes Mr~ President, in this connection I ask leav.e to incorporate a duty at the r.ate of 33 cents per scoured pound. in my remarks at this point-a few excerpts from leading metno~ Jllr. SIMMONS. If the Senator could establish his first prop- politan newspapers, orne Republican and independent and orne osition, I think it might result in our getting some. votes fr-om Democratic, expressing their condemnation of tfle policy and 1 the other side of the aisre, because I think.. there are Senators the rates written in this bill, and denouncing it as fraught with on the other side, belonging to that group which we call tlie agri- untold evils to the American people. and to .American busin s. cultural bloc, 'Who are inclined to vote for the bill upon the Tlie PRESIDING OFFICER.. Without objection, leave is theory that the rates upon raw wool have b.een enormously in- granted. creased and that the inc1·ease will resu!t in advancing the prices The extracts referred to are as follows: received by the grower of raw wool in the United States. I ExcERPTs FRo'~ NzwsPAPEn. .EDITORIALs. think, however, that I now see what the Senator means to say. [!hom the Chicago Daily Tribune, Republican.) He means that the present bill, only to a pal'tial extent, carries We can gua-rantee one thing for the new tariff bill ju t repoJ!ted by fOI-ward and continues the admittedly excessive increases in the the Senate Finance Committee. Somewhere in its maze of barb d-wire duty on raw wool in the so-called Emergency Tariff act. I at entanglements each intelligent business man, producer, antl con umer
could, for it would be ruinous to us to receive it. She can o~y paY in [From. the New York World, April 13-, 1922, page 12.] good , and against those goods we now propose to erect Impossible A TAIUFI' THAT SPELLS CALAMITY. tariff btu-ri:ers." The Senate Finance Committee's new tariff comes into the world with few friends except among the beneficiaries of legalized extortion. [From the Kansas City Star.] • • • • • * * This bill is a serious economic mistake, the :bnmediate effect ot which will be to increase the cost of living. The farmer will find that the protection offered his products " is an illusion " while " the protec STATEMENT SUBMITTEI} BY H. E. MILES, CHAIRMAN FAm TA..RI:FF LEAGUB, tion on what he has to buy will be real." A PRoTECTIONIST ORGANIZATION. COTTON GOODS. Of the 16,000,000,000 yards made in the 'United States, two-thirds [From the Springfield Republican.] are produeed as cheaply as in any other country. Notwithstanding The measure is open to severe attack by those who believe that the this, the Senate rate on cotton cloths averages 45 per cent, in addition price of commodities should not be raised. to which a new provision, paragraph 905-a, adds 15 per cent to about 80 per cent of all cotton-cloth imports. The Senate tariff rates permits cotton manufacturers to add about [From the Chicago Daily News.] $748,000,000 to their priees althou~h they are shipping great quanti ties abroad now at international1 pr1ces, showing no need of protection The Senate should modify it with a liberal hand in obedience to the whatever on ordi.nary qualities. logic of the world situation and of the just claims of the American con ·uming public. SILKS. Proposed duties average frt>m 56 per cent up on woven fabrie!1 [From the Indianapolis News.] many of which are made as eheaply here as anywhere, to 60 per cent on manufactures of silk and 90 per cent on laces and embroideries. The bill represents an outrageous ahuse of the taxing· power'. There is only 12 to 14 per cent of labol' in many silks, crepes, and almost nevu more than 30 per Qent. The difference in cost between the United States and Europe is 15 pe.r cent. The Orient makes no silks of [From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, Republican.] the kind made in the United States. Chinese or Shantung silk is taxed The bill a it stands fixes very high rates on all articles that are up to 220 per cent, which will double the price to the American consumer. customarily dutiable and makes dutiable many that have heretofore The pi-esent ~. a:veraging 4:2.6 per eent, allows the manufacturers been admitted free. There is in. the schedules little evidence of any to add $214,000,000 above foreign pl'ices, while the new tarift:, averag di cdminatlng consideration of trade conditions n.s they relate to the ing 62 per cent, allows them to add $274,000,000, which would be double national welfare. The Finance Committee of the Senate, like the Ways at retail to the consumer. and Means Committee of the Houoo, seems to have adopted the easy RA.W WOOL. way of acceding to all cia s or trade demiUlds aAd increased every This is a protection of about $78,000,000 on a $65,000,000 wool clip, and thing on the " horizontal " prineiJ>le. will cost the consumers of clothing, blankets, etc., about $200 000,000. As the farmers consume one-half of all of our manufactures, this1 means that the fai-mers will pay about $100,000,000 more for their woolen [From the Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, independent.] goods in order that the sheep growen may get $1:8,000,000 protection. 'I'he public should ~ fully informed of the true character of the WOOLllN GOODS. schemes that are hatching tor the effective looting of its pocketbook. The tariff on these runs from 42 per cent on wo-ven fabrics to 90 per cent on laces, and adds $298,000,000 to the manufacturers' prices and [From the St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat, Republican.] twice this to the consumers at retaiL It is "Very much more than can It will appear that the Senate· committe-e has practically ignored the be justified by the principl~ of " the difference in the cost of produc changed conditions and has legislated upon the basis of the COilditions tion here and abroad. n of 20 years ago. KNIT GOODS AND HOSIERY. We make ho iery of all sorts cheaper than anywhere else in the . [From the New York Evening Post, April 12, 1922, page 8.] world and ship large quantities abroa.d. The Senate bill permits these people to charue domestic retailers $240,000,000 more than they wonld A. TROUBLE-MAKING TA.lliFF. charge for the same goods for export. This would add nearly $500,· "If the bill is as described, believers in tariff sanity and reason 000,060 to retail prices of .hosiecy and knit goods. ableness have need to gird themselves for another battle." "It will give the American consumer a heavy jolt to ee- how the Senate tariff MEN'S COLLARS AND CUJ!'!'S. makers propose to tax his food." • • • The United Statea has speci~rlized on thi production until dom-estie costs are minimum, and the profits of the industry are great in good times. Tbe Senate gives an average rate of 35 per cent, or $12,000,000, [From the New York World, April 15, 1922, page 10.] to the industry. NOT P.A.R'IIISAN BUT LUNATIC, FILES. • * • • • Th-ese ~made by a trust that charges domestic consumers to-day 25 This is not a partisan tariff but a lunatic tarift', put together by per cent more than their" prices on great quantities which they export. men who have little understanding of their Job or of the world in which Undoubtedly the c<>st is a low ~e any here, and yet Congres they live. Nobody could conceive of William McKinley's. doing such gives them 44 per cent, and ou some sizes 80 per cent, a straight-out a thing. Neither would Nelson Dingley or Nelson W. Aldrich have done gift to the industry of $6,000,000, costing consumers nearly twice this. it. They were extreme protectionists but they knew that there were An analysis of 29- industries under the proposed Senate rate shows limits to the application of the protective prmciple, and all of them that Congres allows them to add $3,077,000,000 above foreign price& had had experience with popular reactions again t tariff extortion. Thl is an addition of· $1,000,000,000 to the present duties in these 29 The leaderless Republicans of the Sixty-seventh Congress do not rise indu tries an-d at least twi'ce that on the whole tarili. even to the dignity of protection . Bou:rbonism ; for while they have This will add two or three billion dollars to the cost of living when learned nothing, they have forgotten everything. times get good, and the manufacturers a-dd the tariff to their prices. THE FARliUlR. [From the New York World, April 10, 1922, page 10.] As farmers buy one-half of our manufactured outpu.t, they stand to lose · some $2,000,000,000 from excessive prices on their purchases. VOTING OUT A. T.ARLFii' SUPfllRMONSTROSITY. Against this they have been gfven the highest rates they cared to ask • • • • • • for on agricultural products. There is, however:, no possibility of thell Tariff-protectionism even in .l?re-war da-ys never dared offer so brazen getting much advantage from roo t of their duties, which apply on and impudent a measure as th1s for sweating the American consumer. such commoditie as wheat, corn oats, cotton, etc., of which we export Coming at a time when world trade conditions prove the American a great surplus at internati<>nru1 prices. Only on wool, ·ugar, citrus market to be less in need of protection than ever, the monstrosity of fruits, nuts, and a few small crop , upon which imports are consider it all is the more unspeakable. The reason why committee Senators able, will the farmer be able to add the tariff and increase- the cost of throw out the plan is that they are thinking of this consumer and living, as the manufacturers will. The farmers will lose $5 under this his vote. tarifr for every dollar that they gain on their own rates. Wage earners would be hurt by these rates in two ways. Theil' [From the Baltimore Sun, April 13, 1922, page 10.] wages are being reduced in all indu tries and these rates would further reduce the purchasing power of their wages at least 15 per cent. • • * • * • * General buying will be decre3sed, which will lessen employment, to This tarift' bill repre ents postwar party madness. It is little more the hurt of the wage earner. Also our exports exceed our imports an than a decade since the Payne-Aldrich law sent the Republican Party nually by more than $2,000,000,000, and we will lo e the wages that out into the political wildemess. I! in a period or peace and normality this $2,000,000,000 carried to foreign countries in so far as other such a measure arou ed popular indignation and blasting resentmen , nations ean stop buying from us and give their trade to other countries. how much more deeply will its resurrection stir the American people in a time of unrest and business depression like the present? Its stu 1\ir. 8-fl\.fl\.fONS. 1\!r. President, I assume that this bill will pidity as a trade propo ition, as a prohibition of commerce, is only be passed; probably pretty much as it has been reported by the equaled by its gross injustice to the average American householder. We strike at our own commerce with one hand and we pick the pocket majority members of the Committee on Finance. I understand of the American consumer with the other. What but madness could thel'e will be concert of action on the other side of the Chamber, dictate this suicidal policy on the top of all the troubles the war l~ft and, of course, that means that Senators on that side can put behind it? these rates through if they wish to put them through, and I • * • • • think they do; but the bill will be passed, l\fr. President, not because it meets the judgment of a majority of this body; it [From the Baltimore Sun, April 12, 1922.] • • • * • will be passed not because the majority of the Senators sub· high When exposed to tbe pitiless light of critical analysis, the composite scribe to the excessively rates imposed on products in Fordney-McCumber tariff measure is likely to prove even more of a general use, or to the delegation of the extraordinary powers ·" tariff of abominations " than was the Payne-Aldrich bill. It is an which are to be given to the Chief Executive; but it will be echo of past Republican glories. Bankers, econom.ists, exporters, im pas ed by the majority, nevertheless, because a considerable porter , all who envisage the United States a-s a world commercial power, frankly regard the measure as grotesque and impossible. Even part of the majority are willing to forego their oppo ition to its suj)porters let the economic argument go by default. • * • what they rega1·d and what in their hearts they know to be. 6004 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL ·26, unjust impositions and oppres ion upon the masses of the people of all the protected products of industry. It will lead to the in order to get concessions-concessions which I believe are extortions Which always follow unhampered monopoly. We worthless in many instances-for those in whom they are shall in the not distant future see here, if this legislative especially interested. • · policy is adopted and long continued, conditions similar to Air. President, may I ask in conclusion, why should I, be· those of feudalism in the middle ages. Our great tariff barons cause I may want something in which the people of my State ~nd trust magnates will be as strongly entrenched here as were are deeply interested, be willing to impose upon the people not the feudal lords in those days, followed by the general com· only of my State but of the whole Nation unjust burdens and mercia! enslavern en t of the rna ses. oppressive and iniquitous taxation? If there is one Senator I hope I love my country ; I hope my heart beats sympatheti here who ought to be the fliend of agriculture, it is myself, cally with my fellow man; and because I love my country and for I have nothing of this world's goods other than the home in sympathize with my fellows I am ready to dedicate every ounce which I live, except farms wllich I try to operate; but why of strength -and energy I have to thwart by fair and open should the friends of agriculture, whose participation in the means this impending calamity. benefits and gratuities and subsidies of this bill is inconse I suppose the bill will be passed-passed not because it meets quential-as to many things only a " gold brick "-why should the judgment of this body; passed not because a majority of the friends of agriculture swap away the birthright of the farm Senators subscribe to the excessive rates imposed on certain ers of this country for a mess of pottage? products of general use, or in the delegation of the extraordi Mr. President, if the passage of the bill is accomplished it nary powers to the Executive, but pa sed by a majority be will be the result of what I am loath to call a swap in the cause a considerable part of that majority are willing to forego parceling out of the manifold subsidies and gratuities carried their oppo ition to what they regard as unju t impo itions upon in this bill; and thus the log-rolling process by which. it is the masses in order to get concessions for those in whom they claimed the river and harbor bills are passed will be applied in are specially interested. levying taxes upon the people amounting to billions of dollars I also wish to incorporate as an appendix to my remarks for the benefit of the special interests, while of all the vast con certain data with reference to the effect of these duties upon tributions of the people to the protected interests, running into the price of a considerable number of manufactured product . the billions, only tile relatively small and pitiable sum of $350,- APPENDIX A. 000,000, it is estimated, will find its way into the Public Imported articles ahowing rela.tive costs in marks and dollars in 1JJ14 Treasury. and 11Jl1. If the bill shall pass, the only hope lies in an appeal from the F. o. b. Germany. action of this body to the judgment, conscience, and patriotism I of the American people; and that their decision will in that Value Value 1914 1921 of of event overrule and et aside the action of the Congress, I -have No. Items. mark, mark, no doubt. 1914. 1921. Mr. P1·esident, as I believe in an overruling Providence, I Marks. Dollars. Marks. Dl)llars. confidently believe that, if this bill is passed and becomes a law, so soon as the people have an opportunity to do so they will ex B/499 Carmalt's artery forceps press their condemnation; and the Republican Party, which in 6i-inch,. each ...... 1.40 $0.33 52.70 $0.85 $0.24 $0 .•016 1912 because of its oppressive tariff taxation was thrown out B/624 of power, will for the same reason meet in the ides of Novem st~~r~.~~~~~·. ~~~·. .55 .13 15.50 .25 .24 .016 C/1425 Graef's cataract knife, ber a mor,e disastrous defeat even than that of a decade ago. each ...... 85 .20 27.90 .45 .24 .016 I wish to say in conclusion that we want and that there B/4547 Lanfenbeck's meta.car- must be full and free discussion of this hill. The people are pe saw, each ...•....• 1. 70 .40 48.50 . 75 .24 .016 C/15904 Tooth forceps, each ..... 1.00 .45 65.72 1.06 .24 .016 entitled to demand that of us. They are entitled to know what 1500 Harmonicas, gross ...... 17.40 4.17 403.20 6.45 .24 .016 this bill means and they have the right to deman Wh:olesale prices • i-t~a~ · 'Mwiber tor Ger-ma-ny_::continned. !1.9'>-1-continued • • ca~puWd · -lfu nllddM·IJ:extiles ., .... ptiaM-<00.:_ ~~ f~;i~L~~~m~m~m~~~~~m~:jj~~~tm~:I~I~~:Im~~j:H~~~ m Foods, and Minerals. ) etc. leather. t 1922: · ~e~Zy:::: ::::::::: :~~::: ::::::: :~:::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: i~ Middle of 1914...... •..••...•... 100 100 100 100 !100 ' The •1Q22, ; The s~lling prices ot the .above·,imported articles in the United States 424.'3 385.-3 373.'3 362.7 JanuAry.... ~····· ·334.1 3{6. 8 ' 324. 8 349.3 809.2 range from 10 to 60 per cent higher than the domestic merchwdise. February ...... 358.1 345.4 337.1 .318.S 29(). ,0 40:1.2 375.6 -358.5 354.2 O:ESTRICT OF COLUMBIA .A.PPROERiil'IONS-cONFERENCE ·REPORT. .-- (Recomputed with prices in.1913=100.) '-Mr. 'PHIPPS. I submit a first ~onfeTence report on the Dis- trict of Columbia appropriation bill, and ask unanimous consent Ani- Vege- Sugar, . Raw mal table coffee, Foods 'Min- Tex- Sun- mate- All for its pre ent consideration. Months. foods. foods. :C!. (20). erals. tiles. dries. ~~~ · The VICE PRESIDENT. 'The·Secretary will read the rep.ort. The :Assistant Secretary read the report, as follows: ~--~------· -- 1 ~-- 1921. ' The committee of conference on the 'disagreeing votes of the February ... -- .. - 452 317 338 378 300 398 422 378 '377 two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. March ...... : .. . 406 322 367 366 289 375 3?2 355 360 · 10101) making appropriations for the go,remment of the District ApriL ...... 396 348 359 372 -zs1 3H 371 328 347 of Columbia and other activities chargeable in whole or in part :May_ ...... 319 346 317 356 266 282 355 309 329 349 368 338 357 261 278 341 300 325 against the revenues of such Djstrict for the fiscal year ending June ...... ;343 July ...... 353 364 393 '366 253 290 301 330 June SO, 1923, and for other purposes, having met, after full and August ... _... -.. . 371 337 352 355 245 321 356 312 331 free conference have agreed to recommend and do recommend September ... _.. . 373 311 389 352 253 388 370 338 3« October ._.-- .... . 345 305 305 ~23 262 391 365 331 to their Tespective Houses as follows: November ... __ .. 331 006 324 321 'J:i1 388 '362 ~ 332 That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 3, 5, 8, .December .. _.... . 324 303 300 313 269 375 364 337 326 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, so, S3, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 1922. 49, 51, 58, 65 68, 70, 71, 73, "'75, 77, 80, 82, 8S, ·84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, January ...... 309 ~9 306 302 253 363 350 324 314 91, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 102, '103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 1.12, February __ .. _.. . 303 288 318 301 212 345 341 311 306 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 129, 132, 133, 135, 136, 138: 140, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 151, 153, 159, 160, 166, 177, JBO, 181, 184, Retail prices in Paris. and 188. (Prices.July, 1914=100.) That the Bouse recede from its disagreement to the amend 1921: ments of the Senate numbered..4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 19, '21, 22, 28, 29, F-ebruary. ___ ,...... -...... '382 March ._ ... _._ .• _._ ...... -· ... -.. -·-· ... -...... -.• -.-· ..... -...... _. 353 31, .32, 34, 35, 36, -37, 41, 42, 50, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, '60, 61, 62, 63, April ...... -...... 328 ' 66, -72, 92, 96, 98, 104, 1.1S, 125, 128, 130, 131, 134, 1.39, 141, 144, May ...... 317 156, 157, 158, 161, 165, 167, 170, 171, 173, 174, 176, 178, 179, 182, June ...... -...... 312 July ...... _••••• 306 18S, 185, and 189, and agree to the same. ' ~- 6006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 26, ' Amendment numbered 2: That the House recede from its dis agre~ to the same with an, amendment as follows : In lieu of the agreement to the. amendment of the Senate numbered 2, and sum proposed insert " $2,250 " ; and the Senate agree to the agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the same. matter inserted by said amendment insert "one $2,000, two at Amendment numbered 9T: That the House recede from its $1,500 each"; ·and the Senate agree to the same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 97, and Amendment numbered 7 : That the House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 7, and snm proposed insert "$242,750"; and the Senate agree to the agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the same. sum proposed insert " $130,070 " ; and the Senate agree to the Amendment numbered 106 : That the House recede from its same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 106, Amendment numbered 12: That the House recede from its and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 12, and lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of following: the sum proposed insert " $58,120 " ; and the Senate agree to "For the erection of an eight-rooin· addition to tl}e Lovejoy the same. School, $125,000." · Amendment numbered 18: That the House recede from its And the Senate agree to the same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 18, and Amendment numbered 117: That the· House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of disagreement' to the amendment of the Senate numbered 117, the matter inserted by said amendment insert " laborer and and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu janitor, $480; " and the Senate agree to the same. . of the number proposed insert " forty-two " ; and the Senate Amendment numbered 24 : That the House recede from its agree to the same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 24, and Amendment numbered 119: That the HouSe recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 119, the sum proposed insert "$182,210"; and the Senate agree to and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu 11 the same. of the sum proposed insert "$1,694,786.36 ; and the Senate Amendment numbered 38: That the House recede from its agree to the san1e. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 38, Amendment numbered 121: That the House recede from its and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 121, of the matter inserted by said amendment insert : and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu "Southeast Branch Library: For salarie in operating the of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: Southeast Branch Library $3,500: Provided, That no person "Additional amount required for the completion of a station shall be employed hereunder at a rate of compensation exceed house on the site already acquired at Seventeenth Street and 11 ing $1,200 per annum." Rhode Island Avenue NE., $20,000 ; and the Senate agree to And the Senate agree to the same. the same. · Amendment numbered 40: That the Honse recede from its Amendment numbered 137 : That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 40, and disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 137, agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Restore the and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lien matter stricken out by said amendment, amended to read as of the sum proposed insert "$18,000"; and the Senate agree follows: " : P1·ovided, That no money appropriated by this act to the same. shall be expended in conducting library stations not now in Amendment numbered 149: That the Hou e recede from its existence, but this limitation shall not apply to public-school disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 149, buildings and the Southeast Branch Library " ; and tlle Senate and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu agree to the same. of the sum proposed, insert " $75,000 " ; and the Senate agree Amendment numbered 55: That the House recede from its to the same. · disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 55, and Amendment numbered 150 : '.rhat the House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 150, the matter inserted by said amendment, insert the following: and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu " PROPERTY YARD. of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: " For alterations and improvements to the old Mott School " For repairs to buildings, including the completion of altera tions of the old psychopathic hospital building to provide quar for use as a property yard, to be immediately available, $2,500: 11 Provided, That a wire fence shall be built around the property." ters for female nur .~ es and female employees, $10,000 ; and the And the Senate agree to the same. Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 56: That the House recede from its Amendment numbered 152: That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 56, and disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numhered 152, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the the sum proposed insert " $230,000 " ; and the Senate agree to matter inserted by said a.mend.ment, insert the following: "su the same. pervisor and placing -officer, $1,740; in\e tigator and placing Amendment numbered 64: That the Hou e recede from its officer, $1,500 " ; and the Senate agree to the same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 64, and Amendment numbered 154: That the House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 154, and the sum proposed insert " $233,500 " ; and the Senate ag1·ee to agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the the same. sum proposed, insert "$28,140"; and the Senate agree to the Amendment numbered 67: That the House recede from its same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 67, and Amendment numbered 1G2: That the House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 162, and the sum proposed insert " $460,000 " ; and the Senate agree to agree to the same \Vith an amendment as follows: In lieu of the the same. sum proposed, insert "$5,040"; and the Senate agree to the Amendment numbered 69 : That the House recede from its same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 69, and Amendment numbered 168 : That the House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the disagreement to the amendment of the Senate nurnbered168, and sum proposed insert " $225,000 " ; and the Senate agree to the agree to the same with an amendment as follow : In lieu of the same. number proposed, insert "fifty-five"; and the Senate agree to Amendment numbered 74: That the House recede from its the same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 74, and Amendment numbered 169 : That the House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 169, and sum proposed insert " $375,000 " ; and the Senate agree to the agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the 11 same. sum proposed, insert " $81,560 ; and the Senate agree to the Amendment numbered 76: That the House recede from its same. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 76; and Amendment numbered lr2: That the House recede from its agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 172, and matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: '' apart- agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the ment houses, and large " ; and the Senate agree to the same. matter stricken out by said amendment, insert the following: Amendment numb~ed 81: That the House recede from its "including not to exceed $500 for .repairs to the superintend disagreement to. the amendment of the Senate numbered 81, and 1 ent's residence"; and the Senate agree to the same. 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6007· The·committee of conference have not agreed on Senate amend amendments be first considered by the Senate, and I make that ments numbered 1. 78, 79, 86, 101, 114, 115, 116, 142, 155, 163, request at this time. 164, 175, 186, and 187. Mr. KING. I do not want to object to that and perhaps L. C. PHIPPS, it is the better way, but may I suggest to the' Senator that W. L. JoNES, many of the items as to which amendments have been reported CA.RTER GLASS, by the Senate committee are o closely connected with items CO"n{erees O'n the part of the Senate. preceding and following, and the discussion of the amendments C. R. DAVIS, will relate so closely to other items, it would seem that if RoBERT E. EvANs, amendments are to be tendered to items as to which no amend . BEN JOHNSON, ments have been offered by the committee it might facilitate Conferees on the part of the HotMe. action upon the bill if we would take up for emendation items as to which no amendment has been offered by the Senate com Mr. PHIPPS. Mr. President, just a word of explanation. mittee. The points of disagreement between the conferees are really l\fr. McCUMBER. I think amendments will be in order to reduced to two or three items. The greater number of those amendments of the committee, and I think it will facilitate the reported in disagreement mu.st be submitted back to the House consideration of the bill if we will follow the usual course of under its rule, so that we should have a further conference. I considering the Senate committee amendments first. therefore move the adoption of the report, and that the Senate Mr. SMOOT. I want to say to my colleague that in every request a further conference on the amendments still in dis case where a rate depends upon an item in which the rate is agreement, and that the Chair appoint the conferees to repre changed those changes have been roade all through the bill. sent the Senate. There is no change made in an item which affects another The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of product cared for in another part of the bill where the commit the Senator from Colorado. tee has not mad.e tho. e changes to compensate for whatever in Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, I desire to make an inquiry crease or reduction there may be. I think the request made by of the Senator. An amendment was put on the bill in the the Senator from North Dakota is the proper way to proceed, Senate, consisting of a bill that had passed the Senate in re and that bas always been done in the case of tariff bills. lation to taxation, and the exemption from taxation of a cer Mr. KING. I appre~iate that that is the usual procedure, tain part of the value of real estate that was improved. Is and I shall not interpose any objection, although let me say that one of the amendments still in disagreement? that some of the items are so clo!;ely related to other items .Mr. PHIPPS. That is an amendment still in disagreement; which have not been mentioned by the Senate committee that that is to say, it bas to go back to the House. one could carcely discuss the Senate committee amendments Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, there was a provision in the without crossing the line and discussing some other items in the bill for the purchase of three parks. What has been done with same paragraph, dealing with some other acid or drug or com that? pound analogous to the one as to which an amendment has been .Mr. PHIPPS. That is the other item which is in disagree offered by the Senate committee. However, I have no objec ment. The expres ion of the Senate was that tho e park prop tion to the cour e sugge ted by the Senator from North Dakota. erties should be acquired. The conferees on the part of the The VICE PRESIDE~T. Is there objection to the request Senate are holding out against a recession. We insist that the of the Senator from North Dakota? The Chair hears none and House conferees shall recede. it is so ordered. ' Mr. NELSON. One was to buy 80 acres of land out here at Mr. KIXG. Does the Senator from North Dakota desire to $77.000 an acre, was it not? go on with the bill this evening? · Mr. PHIPPS. Oh, no; the amount i lower than that, but it l\1r. UcCUl\lBER. I thought that we ou~bt to continue at is some eighty-odd acres, at a pretty good round price. The lea t until from 5 to half past 5 o'clock in the early stages of House, however, ha refused to as ent to the desire of the the consideration of the bill. Senate, as expressed in the appropriation bill and by a separate l\lr. KING. I am at the service of thl Chairman. bill which passed the Senate, taking in those park properties. .1\fr. McCUMBER. When the Senator suspends for the day I That item is in disagreement. shall ask for an executive session. Mr. KING. 1\Ir. President, I should like to ask the Senator Ur. KIXG. When I yielded the :floor yesterday I had not for a statement of the important items that have been agreed concluded my general observations upon the Fordney-McCumber upon as reported by the conferees. bill, which we ru.·e now considering. I was about to call atten 1\:lr. PHIPPS. The ones that were in disagreement that are tion to a provision in the bill dealing with the embargo on dyes. important are the schools, the streets, the new water plant, and 1\lr. President, the Senate Finance Committee, it would seem, the home for the feeble-minded. I think that about covers the surrendered to the dye monopoly when preparing the provisions important items that were in disagreement. of this bill dealing with embargoes, and the provisions are such Mr. KING. As I understand the Senator, the appropriation as were Mr. KING. Not many. I have them checked here. For in It will also be further noted that of the 311. commodities, 225 stance, stearic acid, chloracetic acid. I am speaking of chem have been accorded rates of duty higher than in the Underwood ical Schedule 1. I am dealing with that now. law, 39 have been made dutiable that were free under the Under · Mr. SMOOT. That is what I speak of. In dealing with the wood law, and 44 have the same rates of duty as under the chemical schedule ·! have in mind the intermediates are found in Underwood law. paragraph 25. If the Senator will take each of the items found Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, again I think the Senator ought in paragraph 25, all of which are intermediate dyes, he will find to give the Senate the information that the reason for the in- . that in the administration of the tariff laws in the past many creased rates is because all intermediate dyes have now been of them have been classed not as intermediates but as dyes placed upon the dutiable list. In the Payne-Aldrich law all of themselves, some of them on the free list and some of them them were on the free list. Now, we are transferring them to dutiable. the dutiable list, with rather a high rate of duty, I will say to It was stated here the other day that it was not known my colleague, and, of course, these items have to be increased to whether anyone could read paPagraph 25. I will admit that it compensate for the duty that was placed upon the intermediates. is difficult to read unless one is well acquainted with chemicals, If my colleague will allow me just a moment, so the Senate but every item mentioned in paragraph 25 is specifically desig may understand what was the attitude in 1909 of the Finance nated and the wording of it is such that one can tell just what Committee of the Senate, I woulu like to make a brief statement. etate of the finished dye has been reached. Mr. KlliG. I yield to my colleague. for that purpose. I will say to my colleague that it is pretty difficult to state just Mr. SMOOT. In 1909 the Senate Committee on Finance made how many of those items were treated under the administra up its mind to have established in the United States a dye in tion feature of the tariff laws, whether under the free list or dustry. That was the first time that action was ever taken by under the dutiable list. I think the figure the Senator gives on the Senate placing intermediates upon the free list. The House dyes themselves, the finished products, more than likely is cor passed the bill with all intermediates on the free list, as had rect; in fact, I know that it is nearly so. been the case in every tariff bill passed in the history of the. Mr. KING. To prepare this table was a task onerous and country. The Finance Committee of the Senate, as I said, de somewhat diflicult. I have tried to be accurate, and if any cided to establish the dye industry in the United States, and the error is discovered, I shall be glad to be advised. The reports only way that it could be done was to place a duty upon the at the. dispo al of tbe majority members of the committee are intermediates. The Senate did that. The bill went to confer correct, even if my findings are inaccurate. ence and the House would not yield to the action of the Senate Mr. SMOOT. It is near enough as to the finished product and so the intermediates went back on the fi·ee list. to need no correction. I want to say now to all the dye manufacturers of the United l\1r. KING. Let me repeat, there are 23 commodities that are States that that is when _the mistake was made. We only had dutiable under the Underwood law which have been placed on a few industries in the United States at that time called dye the free list in the pending tariff bill. I am speaking, of course, manufactories, and all they did ·was to import intermediates of the chemical schedule. The list covers 21. essential oils, not and make the dyes in this country. The Finance Committee in prodoced in this country to any extent, and which are imported 1.909 decided to change that policy, but the House would not nnd used primarily for the manufacture of perfumes and cos yield, and we had to give it up. If the policy of the Senate in metics. 1909 bad been followed, the United States never would have I have not consulted with the distinguished leader in charge been found in the condition that we were upon the outbreak of the matter upon this side of the aisle [Mr. SIMMONS], or of the \Vorld War; we could have had an established industry. with the senior Senator from Alabama [Mr. UNDERWOOD], who But no. All that those who were interested in it wanted to do was so prominent in the preparation of the Underwood law; was to mix intermediates and make the dyestuffs from inter but I make bold to say that one of the reasons why these oils mediates made in Germany, so we had to yield. That is, in were even placed upon the dutiab1e list in the Underwood Act brief, the history of the case. was because they were regarded not as essential but as luxuries. l\Ir. KING. Mr. President, just one observation in reply to They were used in cosmetics and in articles which, because of the suggestion of my colleague as to what should be stated their high cost, could be purchased only by the rich. with respect to intermediates. What I have submitted to-day Mr. SMOOT. I think the Senator would be more accurate was in response to a suggestion made by him yesterday, and in stating that they were put there for revenue purposes. is a very comprehensive statement ; but before we get through Mr. KING. UndoubtedJy the revenue feature was before the with the debate I shall go into the matter in further detail. minds of the drafters of the UnderwoOd law. It is known that Mr. SMOOT. I knew that my colleague did not want to have the act was founded upon the theory of obtaining revenue, but the impression go out that the Finance Committee had in it recognized the industrial situation and laid duties upon creased the rate on the number of dyes mentioned by him with many commodities so high as to constitute what Republicans out some reason for doing so. The reason is as I stated it. I are pleased to denominate "protection." The thought was know that my colleague, if he has given attention to the also in the minds of the drafters of the bill that luxuries should schedule, as of course be has, found the answer in one sentence, be heavily taxed, and that the commodities so important to the and that is that the intermediates have been now placed upon lives and welfare of the people should be free or taxed as .lightly the dutiable list which were originally on the free list. as the situation and industrial and economic conditions war Mr. KING. In the tables which I have presented I classed ranted. paragraphs 25 and 26 as two items, though they compose more No one could call the bill a free-trade measure. I recall that than 1.12, which is giving to this bill a credit to which it is not after the law hau been enacted a comparison ·was instituted entitled; but I shall call attention to that later. Of course, it between the rates of the Payne-Aldrich law and the rates of is obvious that when intermediates, employed as the basis of the UnderwoOd Act and in the general average of all the rates, finished products, are transferred from the free to the dutiable and surprise was expressed that the difference between the list, there must, under the theory upon which this bill was rates of the two laws was so much less than had generally been framed, be corresponding modifications in the schedules con supposed. I repeat, the Underwood law sought to raise reve taining the finished commodities. But I do not admit that the nue and lighten the burdens of taxation upon the masses of the rates of raw materials and intermediates and finished products, people and to secure as much revenue as could be justly and as they are found in this bill, bear any just or rational or l)roperly obtained from luxuri~s and from those commodities logical relationship. Generally speaking, I concede that if, which, because of their great value, would be purchased by after rates have been :fixed in a bill, for finished products, upon people of wealth only. It seems to me, however, that the pend the theory of free raw materials or intermediates, and later ing bill is one to tax the poor, to place burdens upon them, and such intermediates and raw materials are transferred to the to lighten the burdens that would rest upon the rich because of dutiable list, there is some reason for increasing the rates upon their large consumption of luxuries. the finished commodities, providing such rates were reasonable It will be obser-red from the table which I have asked to be when first accepted and were founded absolutely upon the basis inserted in the RECORD as an appendix to my remarks that of of free raw materials and free intermediates. the 340 articles there provided for by name, or in the general My colleague has referred to the dye industry. As I under basket clause of Schedule 1, I was able to make but 311 tariff stood my colleague there was an implied criticism of the dye rate comparisons, because a number of those articles, as was industry, because those engaged in the same apparently did not suggested by my colleague, were not upon former schedules. attempt to produce intermediates here, but imported them from Of the 311 articles so compared, 139 are provided for in the abroad. pending bill at rates of duty higher than the Payne-Aldrich Mr. SMOOT. It was intended as a criticism. tariff law, 33 are dutiable that were free under the Payne Mr. KING. I think probably they are subject to criticism ; Aldrich law, and 68 have the same ra-tes of duties as under that however, it is known that prior to 1909, and since then until law. quite recently, not much attention was given to the by-pro APPENDIX. Table sllOWina comf)arisotts of rates of duty on commodities provided tor {1~ Bol~edule 1 of 8enat6 bilL with U1uten.cood-Simnums l-aw ana Pll11~ Aldrich law. (Cro (X) opposite the name of commodity is placed under the various h dings to indicate whether tree under Payne-Aldrich law or free und r Underwood law, or h ving same rate of duty in Senate bill as in Under·wood law, or havi.Dg ame rate of duty in Senate bill as in Payne-Aldrich law, or having higher rate of duty in Senate bill than in Underwood law. or having higher rate of duty in Senat& bill than in Payne-Aldrich law.) ~ cl> .!. cl> ~ 4 ~i\~~~--~~~~~::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::: ::~:: ~ "~·· ~~~;t.~o~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: .. x.. ··.x .. Wood alcohol ...... X ...... -··· ...... X Ethyl alcohol...... -· ...... 5 Chemical salts and compounds, etc...... X X ... _.• 6 ~=~~~~~:::::::::::::::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: i i Ammoniaa.lum ...... X X 1 =ru~~:~u,::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::: ··x .. i --~-- Ammonium bicarbonate ...... Ammonium chloride ...... ---... X X 7 f:::f~~=~:~~:::::::::::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ··x-- :::::: 8 =~=~~~:::::::::::::::::: ::::~: :::::: ~:~:: .. ~ .. --~-· :::::: Tartar ametic ...... Antimonysulphide...... -...... --...... X X Antimonysalts ...... -...... X X 9 Argols...... X X Rochel!esalts...... X X ...... Calciumtartrate(crnde) ...... ···-·· X ...... Creamoftartar...... _...... X X --. .. . 10 Copaibabalsam...... X ...... Canadabalsam...... X ...... Peru baLam...... •...... X ...... Tolubalsam ...... ··-··· ...... X ...... _.. _ Styrax...... X ...... Other balsams...... X ...... lOA Gumamber...... X -...... Amberoid...... X .. , ...... Gumarabic(orcenegal)...... X ...... 11 Bariumearbonate... ~...... X X Barium chloride ...... _ ...... ···-··...... X X Barium dioxide...... X X ...... Barium hydroxide ...... Bariumnitra.te..... -.. -...... ----...... X X 12 Blackings, etc., for cleaning and palish- l: ~l;~~~~~~~~::::~::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: ::::::::~:: ~ . ::~~: Tea waste...... X ...... ,_ --··-· Compounds of ca!Jeine...... X X ...... _ 15 Calciumcarbide...... X X .... . 16 Calomel ...... -... X x· CorrosiYe sublimate ...... -.... , ...... _...... X X 16 Other mercurial preparat10ns...... X X 17 Carbon tetrachloride...... X X Chloroform...... _., ____ ...... ,._ .... ····-·····-·...... X 1 No provision, • / • 1922.. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6011 Table showinn comparisons of rates of duty on commodities provided fof' Table showing comparisons of rates of duty on co1mnoditie.s provided tor in Schedttle 1 of Senate bUl, etc.---'Continued. in Schedule 1 of Setw.te biU, etc.-Continued. cl> ~ cl> .b ~ Q) J:> d> ~ cb Q ~ ~ Q Q) ~ Q) I» 'd 'd II 'd 'd 'd ~ Q -g ~ Q ~ I» Q Q ~ » Pi· p p Pi• p p · "' .g 1=>. Ill."' "' P-!.d"' P-1"' ~ P-1·"' .g · Q-d Q.g ,..-d .d Q-d Q.g :a.g C/l-g .co :a-S Q)0 U).g ,,s Commodity. , · ~:g 'dO ,c:o ~:g .d Commodity. 'do ~g ~~ .... ~ 0. 'd~ 1J:g §~ "'~ ... §~ "'~ "'~ .... ~ ...... §< 4) ~< §< Q) ell-:::< "'~ ell ell:;J ~ :a-< ell Q) (!) (!) Q) Q) .c: a ·S § fo e CD CD bl) as oS ... .,a. a ~ ~ ~"' Cl.l Cl.l"' Ill ill P-1 ~ ~ Cl.l Cl.l fa I~ "' iit ------~- ---- Sienna ...... X X Umbers...... X X 70 Ochers, siennas, and umbers, washed or ; i§"*~~~~::.:.:;~:~~:~~~~:~:~ :~~:~: ::~:: ::~:: ::~:: ::~:: ::r gro~d ...... -...... X X otb~r~ronoxideEtgments ...... X 44 t~~:t~~~r~~~:::::: . ::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: -·.x·· :::::: - ~ Lead acetate (brown) ...... ·...... X X ...... 72 Lead nitrate ...... · .. · .. · · · · ...... · ·... X X £~~~~5~~~~:::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::: :.~-- --~-- .. x.. Lead arsenate ...... ··········-- ...... ······--··-- ...... 73 Vermilion reds containing quicksilver ...... , ...... X · ·X-· 74 Zincoxide(dry) ...... ~ ...... X X 75 ~£££::-:::£6~:~~:::::::::::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::;t:: ~ i : il~~~~:-_::::>-~\.Y ;;~;; Y~- <:: <\~ l- ::~:: Potas ium bichromate...... X X Potassium chlorate...... X ...... Calcined magnesia-(medicinal) ...... ---... X X Calcined magnesia (not medimnal)..... X X ..... - ... · · · ..... - .. -- .. ~~~~:SJ~T~~~!:h:~:::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: .. X .. :::::: 4.7A Yellowprussiateofpotash...... X X Potassium iodide.·...... X X ...... r~~E~:~s~:jt~~------~:_::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::: ~ ~ :::::: Potassium bromide ...... Otllllr manganese compounds ...... -.... · .. -...... X X P 6012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 26, of 1icious manufacturers, who were intent on getting every- the difference in prices in this country and in foreign conn thing they possibly could, and that the poor importer had been tries. Now, we are told that the bill is framed upon the opinion gi1en no consideration. It may be that in number more wit- evidence of interested parties. The opinion, of course, may be ne es testified before the committee who represented manufac- thoroughly honest, but the Senator from North Dakota now. turer , because there are far more manufacturers who are en- very adroitly seeks another basis for this bill. He puts it upon gaged e:x:clu ively in the manufacturing bu-siness than there are the opinion evidence of those interested parties. importer who are engaged exclusively in the i111portihg busi- Mr. l\IcCUMBER. l\fr. President, r did not yield for a peech. n·ess. Therefore, it would naturally be expected that there If the Senator from New Mexico thinks that that is an honest .• would be more witne e on behalf of tho e who de ired a tariff re ponse to my statement, I am compelled to differ from him . on specific articles than there would be of those who were op- Mr. JOi\~S of New Mexico. Then, may I a k the Senator posed to such a tariff. However, every importing interest was why he referred to the statements of those witne ses? gi1en full consideration. We did not cease taking testimony l\fr. l\fcCUl\IBER. The Senator from New Mexico has stated until those interested on both sides of every subject had been that the Senator from North Dakota now admits that this whole gi1eu a full hearing. bill was based upon a settlement between the importer and the Now, just a word to the Senator from Utah [l\Ir. KING] and manufacturer, and the Senator from .New Mexico knows the to the Senator from New :Mexico [Mr. JoNEs], who have been Senator from North Dakota .has made no such statement. I di cu sing the pending matter for the past two days. I shall have stated again and again-the Senator may conscientiou ly only consider tp.e general sentiment that eemed to be disclo ed differ from me in that respect-that we hale tried to make the in all their eXJ1t·ession , and that is that the American manufac- tariff rates measure the difference between what we regarded turer i generally mo t di honest and desires to rob the Ameri- as the cost of production at home and the co t of production can people, while the foreign importer is generally a very honest e!sewhere, where it was po ible to obtain that cost of produc individual, who de ires to protect the American people from the bon. In very few instances, however, can we obtain the actual exactions of the American manufacturer. l\Ir. President, I may I cost of production in a foreign country. Therefore we must be mistaken, although I do not think I am, when I say that I a ~ume that the goods are sold in the foreign country for a believe it "ill be found that the average American business pnce which represents the cost of production, plus a rea onable man and the average American manufacturer are just as patrl- r-eturn for the manufacturer. That i the basis on which \Ve otic, just as honest, and just as conscientious a i the foreign have always levied our duties in the pa t, becau e it i the importer of merchandi e into the United State . I think the only substantial basis which we can get. It is al o, I think, American manufacturer is ju t a much intere ted in the busi- equally true-and I believe we can establ:sh the fact in mo t bess welfare of the American people a · is the foreign producer. ca es-that the whole ale selling price in the United States rep ! am not claiming anything more for him, but I really think ~esents the cost of production, J,1l.us a reasonable return upon the that he bas not ubjected himself to the general condemnation mvestment and upon the cost of manufacture. We could not in :which ha-s been 1isited upon him during the pa t two days. all case obtain the actual cost of production in the United I will admit that men are all selfish; that the American manu- States,. but in many in tances e had figures showing exactly facturer would like to get as high a protection a he possibly what 1t cost to produce a given article by different manu-· can. I will also admit that in the selfishne of his desires the facturers, and from that evidence and from the information foreign importer would like to import everything into this coun- obtained as to conditions abroad we made up our schedules. try as cheaply as he can. We have had tho e two opposing Mr. President, there was di cussion yesterday in re~ard to the forces together, and in many instances we haYe fix:ed the rates enormous increases propo ed by the pending tariff bill over of the bill in conformity to what each of them thought he could the rates in the Underwood tariff law. .Let u ee as to that. still do business under; and in those ca es I think we ha1e got Suppo e that the Underwo~d law levies a duty of 1 cent a the tariff mtes very nearly right. pound on ep. om alt , and that in thi bill we should levy a I remember looking through volume of the Baedecker Guide duty of 5 cents a pound. It is true that would be increa ing to American. tomists who desired to travel abroad. I was the tftriff 400 per cent; but, after all, it is a difference of 4 never able to travel abroad, but I have read orne of those 101- cents for a whole pound of epsom salt . I remember that the umes. In doing so I noted the warnings which were given; Underwood tariff law carries a duty on rochelle salt of 21 and I noted particularly the advice that when one got o1er cents a PO?-Dd· .w~ increase it, say, to 5 cents a pound. It is the line into certain countries he should alway count his true that 1s an mcrea e of 100 per cent, just doubling. the old change if he bought anything, in order to see whether or not rate, and yet it is not a heavy duty when we come to consider it was correct. I noticed, however, that the Baedecker Guide- it. It is merely an increase of 2! cents a pound on the rate books never gave that advice to tout·i ts who came to this coun- pr9vided under the old tariff law. On some other chemicals try in their dealing with the avernge American bu ines man. the Underwood law may hale provided a quarter of a cent a 'Ve know our own American citizens, and we know that if we pound, while the pending bill may provide a whole penny a purchase an article which costs 63 cents, nine ca es out of ten pound. In that case we have raised the duty, of cour e, 300 when we hand to the eller a dollar in payment we do not top per cent; but, after all, the actual duty i only three-quarters to ee whether or not he returns to us the even change of 37 of a cent a pound. After all, if we want to get down to what cents. We are confident .we are going to be dealt with honestly; one of these specific duties means, we should take the ad valorem but I can refer to a number of countrie as to which the duty; we should see what a pound is old for, and then ascer Baedecker Guidebook advises that we must be careful in our tain what relation this 1.cent or half a cent or 3 cents or 5 dealing there becau e their citizens will take advantage of cents bear to the price of the commodity. We will then get Americans if they can. something that the average American citizen will understand l\1r. Pre ident, I think the American manufacturer has ju t as affecting the price of that commodity. · as high a degree of honesty in his make-up as has the foreign l\lr. 'WILLIAMS. l\Ir. Pre ident-- importer who desire to take advantage of our market. I am Mr. l\1cCUl\1BER. I yield to the Senator from 1\ti i sippi. not claiming any more than that for the American manufac- l\1r. WILLIAMS. I have heard 1ery many arguments upon turer; but I do wish Senators would get over the habit of con- the floor of the House and the floor of the Senate in favor of sidering every man who comes before the Finance Committee American production and American industries and American and asks for a tariff rate or protection is dish one t, and that operations of one description or another, and as a rule I have every man who asks for free trade,· that his imports may come been able to answer them by saying that it was to the interest in wit11but the payment of any duty whatever, should be re- of the consumer to con .., ume the thing referred to. The enator, garded as a saint. however, has just referred to et>som salts, and ha confe sed Mr. JONES of New l\lexico and l\1r. WILLIAMS addressed that this bill contains an increase of 400 per cent on them. I the Chair. wi h to suggest to the Senate and to him that no· consumer, l\Ir. McCUMBER. I yield first to the Senator from New however contemptible a consumer may be-and he i , under a Mexico, who has been on his feet for some time desir~ recog- Republican regime, the mo t contemptible human being who can nition. exist; he really ought not to exist at all, because when he tries l\Ir. JONES of New Mexico. I merely want to make a brief to buy things cheaply he is disloyal to the Republican Party ob ervation. I have never impugned the veracity or the in- and to the American Union, according to the doctrine of the tegrity of a single witness who appeared before the Finance Republican Party-! submit to the Senator from North Dakota Committee of the Senate or before the Ways and .Means Com- that no consumer ever takes e:o.som salt wil~ingly or anxiously mittee of the House. What I have been trying to develop is or affectionately. · thi : First, that the pending bill is not framed on the basis of Mr. McCUMBER. Le me say to the Senator that I under the difference in the cost of production here and in the foreign stood that all of the objection on the other side of the Chamber country. That, I think, was con~eded on yesterday. To-day, came from the fact that we had increased the cost of epsom . I think, it was conceded that the bill was not framed upon salts• • • • 1922. • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6013 Mr. WILLIA~IS. I unuerstand; but bringing this discussion sum propo ed insert " $15,000 " ; and the Senate agree to the back to the particular concrete illustration of epsom alts, and same. lea vinO' the general ab tract position o! the advantages of tree Amendment numbered 25 : That the House recede from its dis trade and free commercial relations between men in a republic agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 25, and as citizens, and citizens of various governments over the world agTee to the sa!ne with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the a God' people everywhere, it does seem to me that the con SU.l}l proposed 'insert " $954;561 " ; and the Senate agree to the sumer of epsom salts, who does not want epsom salts, as a .same. rule, and would rather not take it, ought not to be punished in · Amendment numbered 26: That the House recede from its dis this tariff bill. If the Senator wants to punish me for eating agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbe.red 26, and candy, that is all right. . . agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the 1\lr. 1\fcCUl\lBER. Let the consumer buy something else sum proposed insert "$1,277,631"; and the Senate agree to the then. I think we can supply Senators on the other side with same. other articles that will be just as effective and possibly just as Amendment numbered 37 : That the House recede from its dis cheap. agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 37, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the AGRICULT"'GRAL DEPARMENT APPROPRIATIONS-CONFERENCE REPORT sum proposed in e1i " $1,300,000 " ; and the Senate agree to the • (S. DOC. 'No. 194)•. same. • Mr. McNARY. I present the conference report on the Agri Amendment numbered 38: That the Bou e recede from its dis cultural appropriation bill and ask that it be printed and go agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 38, and over undel' the rule. agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the The VICE PRESIDENT. The report will be received, printed, som proposed insel't " $4,381,300 " ; and the Senate agree to the and lie on the table. same. The report is a·s follows : Amendment numbered 39 : That the House recede from its dis agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 39, and The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the two House· on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. sum proposed insert " $4,585,960 " ; and the Senate agree to the 10730) " making appropriations for the Department of Agricul same. ture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, and for other pur Amendment numbered 45 : That the Bouse recede from its dis poses," having met, after fu.Il and free conference have agreed agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 45, and to recommend and do recommend to tbeir respective Houses as agree to the same with an ame'ndment as follows: In lieu of the follows: sum proposed insert " $390,000 " ; and the Senate agree to the That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 4, 9, same. • 12, 17, 19, 27, 28, 29, 43, 44, 46, 47, and 55. Amendment numbered 49: That the Hoose recede from its dis That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 49, and ments of the Senate numbered 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 14, !8, 20, 23, 30, 31, anee to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 48, 52, and 54 ; and agree to the same. sum propo ed ins&·t " $1,769,180 " ; and the Senate agree to the Amendment numbered 5: That the H~11se recede from its dis same. agreement to the amendment of the Sennte numbered 5, and Amendment nnmbered 53: That the House recede from its dis agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the agre~nt to the amendment of the Sen te numbered 53, and . urn propo ed in ert " $5,425,246 " ; and the Senate agree to the agree to the same with an amendment as follow : fn lieu of the same sum prop sed insert "$450,000"; and the Senate agree to the .AJendment numbered 6: That the House recede from its dis same. agl'eement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 6, and Amendmep.t numbered 56: Tl'l.at the Hou e recede from its dis agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the agreement to the amendment of the iienate numbered 56, and . urn proposed insert "$6,968,076"; and the Senate agree to the agree to the same with an amendment as follow : In lieu of the same. matter inserted by- said amendment insert the following: "three Amendment numbered 8: That the House recede from. its dis t>ersons at a rate not to exceed $6,500 each peT annum " ; and agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 8, and the Senate agree to the same. aoTee to the same with an amendment u follows: In lieu of the Tile committee of conference have not agreed · on Senate sum propo ed insert " $200,000 " ; and the Senate agree to the amendments numbered 40, 41, 42, 50, 51, 57, and 58. same. 0HAS. L. McNARY, • Amendment numbered 10 : That the Hou e recede from its dis w. L. JONES, agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 10, and LEEs. OVERMAN, agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of !Jf anaget·s on, the part of the Senate. the sum proposed insert "$582,505 "; and the Senate agree to I" the· same. SYDNEY ANDERSON, Amendment numbered 11: That the House recede from its dis WALTER W. MAGEE, agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 11, and EDWAJ.mH. WA ON, agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of· the J.P. BUCHANAN, sum proposed in ert " $350,000" ; and the Senate agTee to the GORDON LEE, same. Managers on the pat't of the House. Amendment numbered 15: That the House recede from its dis agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 15, and HUDSON RIVER BRIDGE. agree to the same ~ith an amendment as follows: In lieu of the Mr. CALDER. Mr. President, I have here several bridge sum proposed insert " $3,030,350 " ; and the Senate agree to the bills which I desire to report from the Committee on Commeree. same. The pas...<:age of some of them is very much desired, and I shall Amendment numbered 16: That the Hou e recede from its dis ask unanimous consent for their present consideration. agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 16, and 1\lr. KING. These are unanimous reports, are they? agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the Mr. CALDER. Ye ·. The firBt bill is Senate bill 3401, to sum proposed insert "$3,527,910"; and the Senate agree to the authDrize the Bear Mountain Hudson River Bridge Co. to con same. struct and maintain a bridge across the Hudson River neat· the Amendment numbered 21: Thttt the House recede from its dis village of Peekskill, State of New York. I report it back favor agreement to the amendment pf the Senate numbered 21, and ably from the Committee on Commerce and submit a Teport agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the (No. 639)_ thereon. I ask unanimDus consent for the present sum proposed insert '' $4,097,282 " ; and the Senate agree to the consideration of the bill. same. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is· there objection? Amendment numbered 22 : That the House recede from its dis There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 22, and the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which was read, as agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the follows: sum proposed insert " $6,562,302 '' ; and the Senate agree to the Be it e-nacted, etc:, That the consent of Congress is hereby granted same. to Bear Mountain Hudson River Bridge Co., a corporation incorporated Amendment numbered 24: That the House recede from its dis by act of the Legislature of the State of New York, approved March 31., 1922, its succ~ssors and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate a agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 24, and bridge and approaches the~:eto across the Ilu4son River, at a point agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu at the suitable to the interests of navigation, near the village of Peek kill, • 6014 · CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 26, County of Wrstch£> ter, Rtate of New York, in accordance with the pro legalized and the consent of Congress is hereby given to it mainte visions or an act entitled "An act to regulate the construction of nance by said. State for the use of the general public: P1·ovidea, That bridges over navigable waters," approved March 22, 1906. any changes m said bridge which the Secretary of War may deem SEC. 2. Thnt this act shall be null and void if actual construction of necessary and ?I'der in tHe interest of navjgation shall be promptly the bridge herein authorized be not commenced within three lears and made by the said State. ·completed within seven yeat·s from the date of approvql hereo . SEc. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby · SEC. 3. That the right to altet·, amend, or repeal fhis act is hereby expressly reserved. expressly reserved. The amendment w.as agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendmell.t, The bill was reported to the· Senate as amended, and the ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, amendment was concurred in. and passed. The bill .was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, WHITE RIVER BRIDGE. read the third time, and pas ed. Mr. CALDER. From the Committee on. Commerce I report The title wa amended so as io read: "A bill to legalize a back favorably Senate bill 3417, authorizing Independence bridge across the · south arm of Pokegama Lake, in Itasca ·county, Ark., to construct a bridge across the White River at County, State of Minnesota." or near Batesville, Ark., and I submit a report (No. 640) thereon. MARIA :u' ARTHUir. I ask unanimous consent for the present consideration of the bilJ . • The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? Mr. CALDER. I also have three resolutions from the Com There being no oBjection, the Senate, as in Committee of the mittee to Audit and Control the Contingent Ex:Pen es giving six Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which was read, as months' pay to the families of former employees of . the Senate follows: who bave died recently. The fir t is Senate Re olution 2 3. Be it enacted, etc., That the county of Independence, Ark., is au I report it back favorably from that committee and a k unani thoriz-ed to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge and approaches mou consent for its present considet·ation. thereto across White River at a point suitable to the interests of naviga tion, at or near Batesville, in such county, in accordance with the The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? provisions of the act entitled "An act to regulate the construction of There being no objection, the resolution was considered by bridges over navigable waters," approved March 23, 1906. the Senate and agreed to, as follows: . Sse. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby Reso.lved, That. the Secretary of the Senate be, and he hereby ls, expressly reserved. author1zed and directed to pay, from the mi cella neou item of the The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, contingent. fund of the Senate for the fiscal year 1921, to Maria Mc ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, Arthur, widow ot James McArthur, late a me senger in the employ of the Seuat~. a sum equal to six months' compen ation at the rate and pa sed. h.e was rece~ving ~Y -law at the time of his death, said sum to be con SAVANNAH RIVER BRIDGES. Sidered as mcludmg funeral expenses and all othet· allowances. Mr. CALDER. From the Committee on Commerce, I report ROSE CROSSEN • • back favorably without amendment House bill 10240, to extend the time for the construction of a bridge acros the Savannah Mr. CALDER From the Committee to Audit and Control River near Baileys Ferry, and between the counties of Ander- the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, I report back fa-rorably ·son, S. C., and Hart, Ga., and I submit a report (Xo. 641) Senate Resolutton 216 directing the Secretary of the SenRte thereon. I ask unanimous con ent for the present consideration to pay to Ro e Crossen, sister of Philip A. Ct·o en late n laborer in the employ of the Senate, a sum equal to six 'months' of the bill. The· VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? pay, and a k unanimous consent for it pre ent con i CoLLECTOR oF INTERNAL REVENUE. Benjamin F. Welch to be postmaster at Zeigler, Ill., in place John F. Jones, of Blacksburg, S. C., to be collector of inter- of I. A. Foster, resigned. nul revenue for the district of South Carolina, to fill an existing INDIANA. vacancy. Claude B. Thomas to be postmaster at Moores Hill Ind. RECEIVER OF PUBLIC MONEYS. Office became presidential January 1, 1921. ' Miss Amanda I . Frank, of Colorado, to be receiver of public Robert M. Waddell to be postmaster at Lagrange, Ind., in moneys at Sterling, Colo., vice Charles W. Sederburg, resigned. place of H. 0. Eldridge, resigned. KENTUCKY. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY. Yaman Watkins to be postmaster at Clarkson, Ky. Office To be colonels. became presidential January 1, 1921. _ Lieut. Col. Arthur Sydney Cowan, Signal Corps, from April Addie Elliott to be postmaster at Glencoe, Ky. Office became 17, 1922. presidential April 1, 1921. Lieut. Col. Reginald Edwards McNally, Cavalry, from April Elzie T. Wilson to be postmaster at Sparta Ky. Office be- 20, 1922. came presidential January 1, 1921. ' 'l'o be lie1tt'e71ant colonels. Charles W. Parrish to be postmaster at Midway, Ky., in place 1\Iaj. William James O'Lougblin, infantry, from April 17, of M. D. Cogar. Incumbent's commission expired February 1922. 4, 1922. . Maj. Herbert Edward 1\Iann, Cavalry, from April 20, 1922. MAINE. To be majors. Doris A. Day to be postmaster at Corinna Me., in place of Capt. Claud Edward Stadtman, Infantry, from April17, 1922. M. P. Hamilton, resigned. ' Capt. Cba uncey Francis Ruoff, Field Artillery, from April 20, MASSACHUSETTS. 1922. Helen C. Dougherty to be postmaster at Beverly Farms To be chaplains 1cith the rank of captain. Mass., in place of L. J. Watson. Incumbent's commission ex~ pi red January 24, 1922. Chaplain Samuel Eugene Crosby, from April 6, 1922. . :MICHIGAN. Chaplain Charles Wadsworth Ball Hill, from April 6, 1922. Clifford L. Slocum to be postmaster at Addison, Mich., in APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REG~ ARMY. place of Floyd Sanford. Incumbent's commission expired ADJUTAN'r GENERAL's DEPARTMENT. March 4, 1922. Col. Samuel Gooue Jones, Cavalry, with rank from January MINNESOTA. 27, 1918. John B. Smith to be postm.aster at Kilkenny, Minn. Office be Col. Edgar Thomas Conley, Infantry, with rank from July 1, came presidential July 1, 1921. 1920. Gustave A. Krueger to be postmaster at Plummer, Minn. Lieut. Col. John Brooke Shuman, Infantry, with rank from Offic~ became presidential October 1, 1920. July 1, 192,0. Edward Lende to be postmaster at Appleton, Minn., in place Lieut. Col. Wesley Wilson Knox Hamilton, Coast Artillery of C. J. Reagan, deceased. Corps, with rank from July 1, 1920. MISSOURI. Lieut. Col. James Totten, Coast Artillery Corps, with rank from July 1, 1920. . Elizabeth E. Letton to be postmaster at !l:indenmines, 1\Io. Lieut. Col. Robert LeRoy Collins, Cavalry, with rank from Office became presidential October 1, 1921. November 16, 1920. Andrew S. Swafford _to be postmaster at Excelsior Springs, Lieut. Col. Leo A.sa Dewey, Infantry, with rank from April Mo., in place of W. H. Titus. Incumbent's commission expired 27, 1921. January 24, 1922. Maj. Raymond Sidney Bamberger, Air Service, with rank NEBRASKA. from July 1, 1920. rank from · Cecil E. Mills to be postmaster at Long Pine, Nebr., in place 1\laj. Albert Gilmor, Coast Artillery Corps, with of Ira Lucy. Incumbent's commission expired February 4, 1922. July 1, 1920. 1\laj. Thomas Marshall Spaulding, Coast Artillery Corps, with OKLAHOMA. rank from July 1, 1920. Lincoln G. Shoop to be postmaster at Perry, Okla., in place of Maj. Daniel Huston Torrey, Infantry, with rank from July W. E. Merry. Incumbent's commission expired February 4 1, 1920. 1922, . I :Maj. Robert Horace Dunlop, Infantry, with rank from July Ceaf W. Ramsey to be postmaster at Beggs, Okla., in place of 1, 1920. D. H. Watson, resigned. Maj. William Clayton Rose, Infantry, with rank from July OREGON. 1, 1920. Newton A. Perry to be postmaster at North Portland, Oreg., Maj. Livingston Watrous, Infantry, with rank from July 1, in place of V. D. Crosby. Incumbent's commission expired 192,0. January 24, 1922. Maj. Harry Coope, Infantry, with rank from July 1, 1920. John H. Farrar to be postmaster at Salem, Oreg., in place of Capt. Jedediah Huntington Hills, Infantry, with rank from August Huckestein. Incumbent's commission expired July 21 September 18, 1917. 1921. ' Capt. David Andrew Watt, Quartermaster Corps, with rank PENNSYLVANIA. fTOm July 1, 1920. FIELD ARTILLERY. D. Guy Hollinger to be postmaster at Hanover, Pa., in place of E. K. Eichelberger. Incumbent's commission expired Febru First Lieut. Robert Crane Hendley, Air Service, with rank ary 5, 1922. from November 1, 1921. Edward N. Dubs to be po-stmaster at New Hope, Pa., in place POSTMASTEllS. of Isaac Scarborough, resigned. CALIFORNIA. SOUTH CABO LIN A. William F. Hanell to be postmaster at Patterson, Calif., in place of F. S. Harrison. Incumbent's commission expired ·Henry N. Folk to be postmaster at Bamberg, S. C., in place ot January 24, 1922. A. W. Knight. Incumbent's commission expired July 15, 1920. FLORIDA. TENNESSEE. Warren J. Armstrong to be postmAster at Valparaiso, Fla. Samuel A. Wheeler to be ' postmaster at Bolivar, Tenn., in Office became presidential April 1, 1921. place of J. K. Tate. Incumbent's commission expired February 4, 1922. IDAHO. TEXAS. George F. Clark to be postmaster at Paul, Idaho. Office Leonard D. Kennedy to be postmaster at Ivan, Tex. Office became presidential April 1, 1920. became presidential October 1, 1921. ILLINOIS. William J. Lewis to be postmaster at Itasca, Tex., in place of Sidney F. Coffman to be postmaster at Bluford, Ill. Office J. H. Young, resigned. · became presidential April 1, 1921. . Comodore V. Varner to be postmaster at Milford, Tex., in Lawrence F. Hake to be postmaster at Hoyleton, TIL Office place of vV. J. Hamlett. Incumbent's commission expired became presidential January l, 1921. March 8, 1922. _LXII-380 \6016 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 26, :John W. White to be po-stma-ster at Uvalde, Tex., in p-lace of consideration af Hou~e Joint Resolution 127;' to reerect the J. W. White. Incumbent's commission expired January 24, ·statue of Abraham Lincoln upon its original site, with Mr. 1922. . CRAM!roN in the chair. WEST VIRGINIA. Mr. LUCE. Mr. Chairman, debate upon this matter was Roy A. Browning to be postmaster at Barboursville, W. Va., begun at a previous s sion. Will the Chair kindly inform me in place Df J. J. Haddox, removed. of the i.tnation as to the time? WISCONSIN. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is advised that the affirmative William H. Howard to be postmaster at Altoona, Wis. Office has used 40 minutes. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. KING] became presidential January 1, 1921. has 20 minutes remaining, and no one has been recognized in James C. Taylor to be postmaster at Gilman, Wis. Office be opposition. came presidential January 1, 1921. Mr. GARRETT cf Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, may I ask the William McMahon to be postmaster at Lancaster, Wis., in gentleman from Massachusetts a question? .place .of E. E. McCoy, deceased. Mr. LUCE. Certainly. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Is this a unanimous repo1t WYOMING. from the Committee on the Library? Elmer W. Ace to be po tmaster at Green River, Wyo., in place Mr. LUCE. As far as I know. of W. B. Cooper, resigned. Mr. MOORES of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, I am oppo ed to the resolution. CONFIRMATIONS. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Indiana [1\fr. MOORES] is recognized in opposition for one hour. Execntive nominations con{i·rrned by the Senate ApriZ f6 ( Zegis Mr. MOORES of Indiana. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of ativ e aa.y of April 20), 1922. ihe committee, I yield to no man in veneration for the per onal UNITED STATES' ATTORNEY. ity, for the character, and for the memory of Abraham Lincoln. Lafayette French, jr., of Minne ota, to be United States attor I represent a portion of the State of Indiana to which Abraham ney, district of Minnesota. Lincoln went, as a blue-eyed boy of 7, from the State of POSTMASTERS. Kentucky, and where he spent his youth until he had reached the full stature of manhood, and in the trength a vigorous KENTUCKY. of maturity l~t Indiana for the rich prairies of Illinois. It is George R. Ho~t. Campbellsville. out of regard for his memory, it is out of re pect for Abraham Herbert C. Hall, Hardinsburg. Lincoln that I ask that this resolution do not pass in the .:form Henry Hall, Waynesburg. in which it is presented. MASSACHUSETTS. Let me give you the story. The statue was erected in 1868 .Frank D. Babcock, Hn ve.rhill. in the middle of D Street, where John Marshall Place, or Four and-a-Half Street, as it was then called, runs into D Street OKLAHOMA, immediately fn front of the courthouse. The statue was built· Cosmo Falconer, Oh~yen:ne. on a mound in the middle of the street. The street at that Robert R. Sutton, Claremore. time was very much wider than it is now. The courthouse had Hiram H. Snow, Sand Sp-rings. been built .flush with the street, leaving a plaza in front of it • WASHINGTON. 250 or 300 feet wide, the center of which was D Street. To the Amy E. Ide, Outlook. outhea t runs Indiana. A venue; branching to the southwe t runs Louisiana Avenue, but D Stt·eet is the street which the WITHDR~ W AL. com·thou e faces. Exeoutive nomination 1vithdrawn from tll e Se~te AprU 26 Oeg About 1871, when Gov. A. R. Shepherd undertook to give i.~lative day of April 20), 1922. Washington up-to-date streets-the streets before that having been all mud except Pennsylvania Avenue, which was cobble POSTMASTER. stone-it was deemed expedient to narrow D treet and to 'FI'ed J. Gillam to be postmaster at Bloomville, in the State of leave a gras plot in front of the courthouse. The statue was Ohio. not moved. The street w-as lowered 6 feet. Origina1ly the statue toou on a pedestal 18 feet high. W~n D Street in front of the comtbouse was lowered the peue tal wa made HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 24 .feet high. I have il1u trations here showing the statue as lt WEDNESDAY, April 26, 1922. stood before it was removed. The narrowing of the treet and the putting of the grass plot in front of the courthouse brought The House met at 12 o'clock noon. the pedestal for the statue into the middle of the sidewalk, and The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera 1\Iontgomery, D. D., offered we who remember it at all remember how it stood in the middle the -following prayer : of the sidewalk blocking the entrance to the front entrance of the courthouse. For those who do not recall the statue, I Almighty God, again Thou hast given voice to the day, and have these photographs which were made hortly before its re is \V Thy hand, so mighty and yet so gentle, upon us. e would moval. It was removed in contemplation of certain change in re~pond to Thy claim. Open our minds and hearts to a knowl the courthouse. It was not properly taken care of after there edge of Thyself, for to know Thee is life eternal. This is the moval, a matter which I greatly ree.-ret, but fortunately the gift of the Father, and the light and the glory forever. As life figure of Lincoln did not suffer from the lack of care. is so often difficult and discipline is bard, open our lives for The statue stood there on a 24-fpot· pedestal. It was not a Thy wisdom and direct them with its nourishment. Thus may beautiful thing to look at. It never was a work of art. It was they be as treasures held in trust for God and our fellow men eaned with ab olute truth and accuracy by a stone utter, Lot and may not the sense of fear or. dejection have rule over us. Through Je us Christ our Lord. Amen: Flannery, who had the toneyard light aero from the CapitoL It was the only statue that Lot Flannery ever made. He was a The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read anu man who carved gravestone and put names on them. The approved. pedestal was- so high that the features were alway distorted CALENDAR WEDNESDAY. to one who was passing, but· the statue is not a wol'k of art. The SPEAKER. To-day is Calendar Wednesday. The Clerk Let me explain for a moment. If it were po ible to make a will call the roll of committees. plaster cast of me as I am peaking now or of any one of you The Clerk called the Committee on the Library. as you are sitting in your seats, it might be a good likeness. It might be absolutely t\'Ue to nature. Yet I can fancy that any STATUE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. one of us looking at that plaster-cast portrait would be humili Mr. LUCE. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the Committee on the ated and ashamed. Library I call up House Joint 'Resolution 127, to reerect the It takes a sculptor who is an· artist to make a tatue which statue of Abraham Lincoln upon its original site. shall be a work of art, and tbi ta.tue never wa a work of The SPEAKER. This joint resolution is on the ·Union Cal art. It is reasonably and fairly accurate. When it was endar, and the Hou e. automatically resolves itself into the erected it was put in a part of the town which was then a very Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. The des:irable residence section. That time has pa sed. The locality gentleman from Michigan [i\fr. CRAMTON] will-please take the is given over to business and boarding hou e . The statue, as chair. I say, was put in the middle of the street. When it was re Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee 1>f moved it occupied the middle of the ide-walk, ·blocking the the Whole House on the state of the Union for th~ further entranc~ to the oourthouse. It ought not to be put back in the