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Modelos Espaciales De Hábitat Y Análisis De Viabilidad De La Población De Urogallo En La Cordillera Cantábrica

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Modelos Espaciales De Hábitat Y Análisis De Viabilidad De La Población De Urogallo En La Cordillera Cantábrica UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO Dpto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Modelos espaciales de hábitat y análisis de viabilidad de la población de urogallo en la Cordillera Cantábrica Adán C. Abajo Chic 2007 UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas TESIS DOCTORAL MODELOS ESPACIALES DE HÁBITAT Y ANÁLISIS DE VIABILIDAD DE LA POBLACIÓN DE UROGALLO EN LA CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA Adán C. Abajo Chic UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas D. Tomás Emilio Díaz González, Director del Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas de la Universidad de Oviedo AUTORIZA la presentación ante la Comisión de Doctorado de la Memoria titulada MODELOS ESPACIALES DE HÁBITAT Y ANÁLISIS DE VIABILIDAD DE LA POBLACIÓN DE UROGALLO EN LA CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA, presentada por el Licenciado Adán César Abajo Chic para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Oviedo y realizada bajo la dirección de los Doctores D. José Ramón Obeso y D. Thorsten Wiegand, considerando que ésta representa trabajo de Tesis. Y para que así conste, expido el presente certificado. Oviedo, 13 de febrero de 2007 Fdo.: Tomás Emilio Díaz González UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas D. José Ramón Obeso Suárez, Catedrático de Ecología de la Universidad de Oviedo, y D. Thorsten Wiegand, Doctor del Departamento de Modelado Ecológico del UFZ Centre for Environmental Research de Leipzig HACEN CONSTAR que la presente Memoria, titulada “MODELOS ESPACIALES DE HÁBITAT Y ANÁLISIS DE VIABILIDAD DE LA POBLACIÓN DE UROGALLO EN LA CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA”, ha sido realizada bajo su dirección en el Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas de la Universidad de Oviedo por el Licenciado Adán César Abajo Chic, y reúne las condiciones necesarias para que su autor pueda optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Oviedo, considerando que ésta representa trabajo de Tesis. Oviedo, 13 de febrero de 2007 Dr. José Ramón Obeso Suárez Dr. Thorsten Wiegand Índice Página Agradecimientos.....................................................................................................................v CAPÍTULO 1. Introducción general....................................................................................1 Ecología del Paisaje ...........................................................................................................4 Análisis de Viabilidad de Poblaciones...............................................................................5 El urogallo cantábrico ........................................................................................................7 Área de estudio...................................................................................................................9 Objetivos y organización de la tesis.....................................................................................11 Bibliografía...........................................................................................................................14 CAPÍTULO 2. Fragmentation patterns and protection of montane forest in the Cantabrian range (NW Spain)..............................................................................................19 2.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................21 2.2. Methods.........................................................................................................................24 2.2.1. Study area...............................................................................................................24 2.2.2. The GIS database ...................................................................................................25 2.2.3. Topographic data....................................................................................................26 2.2.4. Fragmentation patterns...........................................................................................27 2.2.5. Fragmentation and protection status ......................................................................28 2.2.6. Statistical analyses..................................................................................................28 2.3. Results ...........................................................................................................................30 2.3.1. Fragmentation patterns...........................................................................................30 2.3.2. Fragmentation and protection status ......................................................................35 2.4. Discussion .....................................................................................................................37 2.4.1. How fragmented is the Cantabrian forest?.............................................................37 2.4.2. Differences among forest types..............................................................................38 2.4.3. Conservation and fragmentation ............................................................................42 2.4.4. Concluding remarks ...............................................................................................44 2.5. References .....................................................................................................................45 CAPÍTULO 3. Cantabrian Capercaillie and deciduous forests: Habitat selection at the forest-stand level.....................................................................................................................51 3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................53 i 3.2. Methods.........................................................................................................................57 3.2.1. Study areas ............................................................................................................. 57 3.2.2. Data on habitat use .................................................................................................59 3.2.3. Data analysis ..........................................................................................................60 3.3. Results ...........................................................................................................................62 3.3.1. Descriptive analysis................................................................................................62 3.3.2. Multi-specific associations.....................................................................................64 3.3.3. Habitat suitability model ........................................................................................65 3.4. Discussion .....................................................................................................................69 3.4.1. Habitat selection.....................................................................................................70 3.4.2. Conservation and management ..............................................................................71 3.5. References .....................................................................................................................74 CAPÍTULO 4. Spatial habitat models for endangered Cantabrian Capercaillie: A bidimensional approach.........................................................................................................79 4.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................81 4.2. Methods.........................................................................................................................85 4.2.1. Study area...............................................................................................................85 4.2.2. Spatial scales and capercaillie data ........................................................................85 4.2.3. Landscape variables ...............................................................................................87 4.2.4. Analysis and Model building .................................................................................89 4.3. Results ...........................................................................................................................93 4.3.1. Univariate and Correlation Analysis......................................................................93 4.3.2. Reproduction models..............................................................................................95 4.3.3. Survival models......................................................................................................97 4.3.4. Habitat map ............................................................................................................99 4.3.5. Spatial allocation of extinction.............................................................................100 4.3.6. Extinction model ..................................................................................................102 4.4. Discussion ...................................................................................................................104 4.4.1. Current population status .....................................................................................104 4.4.2. Model benefits and shortcomings ........................................................................105 4.4.3. Future conservation and management..................................................................107
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