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PROCEEDINGS of the VIRTUAL CONFERENCE 2021 March 6-7, 2021 ISSN 1934-0583 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRTUAL CONFERENCE 2021 March 6-7, 2021 ISSN 1934-0583 Conference Chair Wali I. Mondal National University Proceedings Editor Pani Chakrapani University of Redlands Conference Chair and Editor’s Note ASBBS is an interdisciplinary conference. As such, we have preserved preferences of each author regarding formatting and referencing of individual paper. We thank all participants for their valuable contributions. ASBBS Proceedings of the 28th (Virtual) Conference INDEX KEYNOTE SPEECH THE RISE OF AUTHORITARIANISM: VIGILANCE IS REQUIRED ------ Meyer, C. Kenneth 4 KEYNOTE SPEECH HIDDEN SYMPTOMS OF THE COVID-19 VIRUS: TECHNOSTRESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION ------- Boyer-Davis, Stacy 13 ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY AMIDST A PANDEMIC: THE CHALLENGE OF DEVELOPING A VIRUS POLICY ------ Alvarez, Isabella, and Findley, Henry 26 UTILIZING MEDIATION TO RESOLVE CAMPUS CONFLICT: THE SKY IS NOT THE LIMIT----- Brown, Anne L., Bienstock, Joshua E. and Swid, Amr 41 COVID-19 AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LITIGATION: WHAT SHOULD EMPLOYERS DO?------- Calvasina, Gerald E. Beggs, Joyce M 50 FAIR INFORMATION PRACTICES: AN EMPIRICAL REVIEW OF THE FORTUNE 500 ------ Case ,Carl J.and King, Darwin L. 60 THE HOMOGENIZATION OF THE HOMO SAPIENS THE WORLD OVER ------- Demirdjian , Z. S. Andrew and Mokatsian, Zara 68 LET THE GOOD TIRES ROLL ---- Dittfurth, Ed, Joiner, Sue and Lewis, Kevin 77 CURRENT EXPECTED CREDIT LOSS (CECL): THE OTHER SIDE OF THE STORY ----- Grealis, Tara, Henderson, Katelyn and Tomolonis, Paul A 83 COLLABORATIVE ONLINE INTERNATIONAL LEARNING IN A BUSINESS COURSE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ----- Hartling, Xu 93 COVID-19 AND THE HEALTH INDUSTRY: A TEST OF MARKET EFFICIENCY ----- Howell, Nicholas, Bacon, Dr. Frank 99 POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE PANDEMIC: HOW AN EPICENTER MANAGED IT…SO FAR ------- Jesmin, Rubayat 104 UNDERSTANDING THE STATE AND THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A PROFILING APPROACH ------ Kalitanyi, Vivence 116 HEALTHCARE SURCHARGES AND RELATIVE PRICE DIFFERENTIALS ------ Mattea, Annette M and Gordon, David M 131 2 ASBBS Proceedings of the 28th (Virtual) Conference REPORT ON A CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT WITH A VA SURGICAL SERVICE LINE ------ McCall, John E. and Militello, Jack 136 ONE THING MANAGERS NEED TO DO TO INSPIRE, EXCITE, MOTIVATE AND RETAIN RETAIN EMPLOYEES – RECOGNIZE STRONG WORK PERFORMANCE----- Petak, Trish 143 THE CY 2021 PDGM 30-DAY HOME HEALTH PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEM RATES FOR HOME HEALTH SERVICES Rivera Jr., Gonzalo and Holt, Paul 159 EFFECTS OF ISLAMIC BELIEFS ON FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIONS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY………………Roberts, Ridwaan B 168 CONTRASTING FEMALE AND MALE RATINGS OF LEADERS: LOOKING THROUGH A LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE LENS ------- Stemple, Nathaniel, Garger, John and Jacques, Paul H. 185 EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE FEDERAL FUNDS RATE TARGET ON THE SHORT-TERM EQUITY MARKET ------ Sumner, Jacob A. and Bacon, Frank W. 192 LOW-COST METHODS FOR PREVENTING EMPLOYEE FRAUDS IN SMALL BUSINESSES ----- Treadwell, Gregory W. 196 A TEST OF MARKET EFFICIENY: HURRICANE KATRINA’S EFFECT ON OIL COMPANY STOCK PRICES ------ Williams, Casey A. Bacon, Frank 204 3 ASBBS Proceedings of the 28th (Virtual) Conference THE RISE OF AUTHORITARIANISM: VIGILANCE IS REQUIRED Keynote Speech Meyer, C. Kenneth Drake University C. Kenneth Meyer is Thomas F. Sheehan Distinguished Professor of Public Administration, Department of Public Administration, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. Previously, he held teaching, research, and administration positions at The University of Oklahoma, Winona State University, State University of New York, and the University of South Dakota. His research covers the areas of violence and the police, social indicator and quality of life measurement and evaluation, voting behavior, human resource management, and public and private management--areas in which he has over 450 publications. In addition, he has done extensive consulting in the areas of public policy analysis and administrative organization and development at the state and regional levels of government. He previously served on the Executive Council of the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA), and presently serves on a number of national committees with the American Society for Public Administration. Among the 28 books that he has co-authored, the most notable are: The Sources of Violence in America, Practicing Public Management, Managing People as Assets, Human Relations in Action, Experiencing State and Local Government, Understanding Nonprofit Organizations, Public Personnel Administration, and The Craft of Public Administration, 12th Edition, forthcoming). He formerly directed the largest MPA program in the U.S. with 26 sites worldwide. He inaugurated a study at home/study abroad course, now in its 22nd year, that introduces graduate students to international best management practices in all three economic sectors. He was recognized by the British House of Parliament with “Green Apple Award for Environmental Best Practices.” He is military veteran, an eternal optimist who values inclusiveness, loyalty and commitment to democratic ideals. It is a distinct honor to present this keynote address to the 28th Annual Conference of the American Society of Business and the Behavioral Sciences (ASBBS) and welcome participants from all over the world to an exciting day of high quality research paper presentations. To this end, I wish to commend Dr. Wali Mondal for his continuing ability to present this conference and maintain its intellectual and academic integrity, even during a pandemic. I would be remiss if I did not mention the salient role Dr. Mondal has played for many of us in the behavioral sciences and in our professional endeavors as a mentor, colleague, distinguished professor of economics, and always as a trustworthy and loyal friend. A Personal Reflection: During 54 years of research and teaching, I have taught thousands of students in the U.S and around the world. I always reassured them that the basic institutions and structures of government would “hold steady” when under a state of siege, for the roots of our 4 ASBBS Proceedings of the 28th (Virtual) Conference government run deep in theory, practice and in tradition, and the leadership would “...support and defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic….” I talked about the tenets of democracy as being only superficially accepted and embraced, and that our civic knowledge of these principles and processes was like a veneer on a table. That is, it was a thinly disguised coated layer that could be easily blemished or deeply marred. Although the U.S. was the longest lasting constitutional republic in history, there was no assurance that would remain inviolate over a protracted period of history and become unstable. That it had survived the Civil War, World Wars I and II, Korea and Vietnam and another nearly 35 other skirmishes and police actions, but that it could be usurped by those who were not deeply committed to its basis underpinning—those who would give up democracy for autocracy and power and an “unswerving loyalty” to a strong person (man) or a charismatic cult leader. I always talked about the basic pillars of a democratic order: Knowledge of the actors of government (policy makers), the structure of government, the actual policies of government, and how to effectively communicate with those in representative positions. Today, these fundamentals are in jeopardy and a majority of the citizenry cannot answer any of these questions with accuracy. Further, I asked that as we collectively study public administration, and analyze the daily news and political events, etc., to ask if those in the executive, judicial and legislative branches are holding true to the sacred oath, which they have sworn to uphold. Additionally, I exhorted the students to think about what they have experienced, what they are learning, and what they are observing on a day-today basis, and asked them how they would react if the fundamental ideas of our democracy came under attack—would they sound an alarm or merely comment on the music that the band leader has selected as the ship of state begins to take on water, begins to list, and even sink. The U.S. Constitution does not come in an unabridged edition—we do not have the option to hunt and pick only those items that suit our fancy. Indeed, there is a long and established, somewhat complicated democratic process by which we collectively agree on what is inviolate in this sacred document: The Constitution of the United States of America. As a youthful graduate student I recall how interested I became in utopian literature and reading the Utopia of Sir Thomas More, some of the communalists, and even those who espoused one or another societal design that was anarchistic, socialistic or even that of primitive communism. The book that left a lasting effect was the dystopian society imagined by George Orwell’s 1984, (1949), a democratic socialism essay, and his strident opposition to anything totalitarian. I also remember the duality of oppositional values that were emblazed in my memory: “War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength.” Also, the notion of “Big brother,” and “doublethink”—having two contradictory beliefs and accepting them both, simultaneously, and that of “Newspeak”—euphemistic, “babblefab,” and the popular propaganda associated with pseudo-evaluation and obfuscation. Anecdotally, the lyrics in Dylan’s “The Times They Are A-Changin”
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