Marginalised Groups Series IV: the Social Profile of Older Persons, 2015–2019

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Marginalised Groups Series IV: the Social Profile of Older Persons, 2015–2019 Marginalised Groups Series IV: The Social Profile of Older Persons, 2015–2019 Embargoed until: 31 March 2021 13:00 Statistics South Africa Risenga Maluleke Statistician General Report No. 03-19-08 (2015-2019) STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA iii Marginalised Groups Series IV: The Social Profile of Older Persons, 2015–2019 / Statistics South Africa Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2021 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA. Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data Marginalised Groups Series IV: The Social Profile of Older Persons, 2015–2019 / Statistics South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2021 Report No. 03-19-08 94 pp ISBN 978-0-621-49116-6 A complete set of Stats SA publications is available at Stats SA Library and the following libraries: National Library of South Africa, Pretoria Division National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Division Library of Parliament, Cape Town Bloemfontein Public Library Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg Johannesburg Public Library Eastern Cape Library Services, King William’s Town Central Regional Library, Polokwane Central Reference Library, Mbombela Central Reference Collection, Kimberley Central Reference Library, Mmabatho This report is available on the Stats SA website: www.statssa.gov.za For technical enquiries, please contact: Xoliswa Ndamase Tel.: 012 310 2908 Cell: 079 519 5673 Email: [email protected] Or Gaongalelwe Phakedi Tel: 012 316 9336 Cell: 082 804 5057 Email:[email protected] Marginalised Groups Series IV: The Social Profile of Older Persons, 2015–2019 (Report 03-19-08) STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA iv Contents FOREWORD .....................................................................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Legislation and policy framework ................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 International Context ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Regional Agenda ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 Local context .............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Objective and layout of the report ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Data sources ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Limitations of the study ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER 2: DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ....................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Basic demographics of the elderly ................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Age-sex structure of older persons .............................................................................................................12 2.4 Ageing index ...............................................................................................................................................13 2.5 Marital status ..............................................................................................................................................15 2.6 Sex ratios among older persons .................................................................................................................15 2.7 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................17 CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................18 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................18 3.2 Living arrangements ...................................................................................................................................19 3.3 Household composition ..............................................................................................................................23 3.4 Intergenerational household types .............................................................................................................26 3.5 Subjective household happiness ................................................................................................................30 3.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................33 CHAPTER 4: EDUCATION ..............................................................................................................................34 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................34 4.2 Functional literacy .......................................................................................................................................34 4.3 Educational attainment ...............................................................................................................................37 4.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................39 CHAPTER 5: INCOME GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY LEVELS OF THE ELDERLY......40 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................40 5.2 Household income sources and poverty levels ..........................................................................................40 5.3 Basic economic activity of older persons....................................................................................................48 5.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................52 Marginalised Groups Series IV: The Social Profile of Older Persons, 2015–2019 (Report 03-19-08) STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA v CHAPTER 6: LIFE EXPECTANCY, HEALTH STATUS AND MORTALITY ..................................................53 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................53 6.2 Life expectancy ...........................................................................................................................................53 6.3 General health status and health-seeking behaviour .................................................................................55 6.3.1 Medical aid and type of facilities used .....................................................................................................55 6.3.2 General health status ..............................................................................................................................57 6.3.3 Experience of selected diseases during the 3 months preceding the survey .........................................59 6.4 Causes of death ..........................................................................................................................................62 6.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................66 CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC SAFETY ......................................................................................................................67 7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................67 7.2 Feelings of
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