Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads
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Project 1925 March 2021 Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads Michael Williams Marcial Lamera Aleksander Bauranov Carole Voulgaris, PhD, PE (WA) Anurag Pande, PhD CSU TRANSPORTATION CONSORTIUM transweb.sjsu.edu/csutc MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon. Norman Y. Mineta Founded in 1991, the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI), an organized research and training unit in partnership with the Lucas College and Graduate School of Business at San José State University (SJSU), increases mobility for all by improving the safety, MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES efficiency, accessibility, and convenience of our nation’s transportation system. Through research, education, workforce development, and technology transfer, we help create a connected world. 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This report does not constitute a standard specification, design standard, or regulation. Report 20-55 Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads Michael Williams Marcial Lamera Aleksander Bauranov Carole Voulgaris Anurag Pande March 2021 A publication of the Mineta Transportation Institute Created by Congress in 1991 College of Business San José State University San José, CA 951920219 TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 20-55 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads March 2021 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report Michael Williams, Marcial Lamera, Aleksander Bauranov, CA-MTI-1925 Carole Voulgaris, and Anurag Pande 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business, San José State University 11. Contract or Grant No. San José, CA 95192-0219 ZSB12017-SJAUX 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered State of California SB1 2017/2018 Final Report Trustees of the California State University 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Sponsored Programs Administration 401 Golden Shore, 5th Floor Long Beach, CA 90802 15. Supplemental Notes DOI: 10.31979/mti.2021.1925 16. Abstract Edge lane roads (ELRs), also known as advisory bike lanes or advisory shoulders, are a type of shared street where two- way motor vehicle (MV) traffic shares a single center lane, and edge lanes on either side are preferentially reserved for vulnerable road users (VRUs). This work comprises a literature review, an investigation of ELRs’ operational characteristics and potential road user interactions via simulation, and a study of crash data from existing American and Australian ELRs. The simulation evaluated the impact of various factors (e.g., speed, volume, directional split, etc.) on ELR operation. Results lay the foundation for a siting criterion. Current American siting guidance relies only upon daily traffic volume and speed—an approach that inaccurately models an ELR’s safety. To evaluate the safety of existing ELRs, crash data were collected from ELR installations in the US and Australia. For US installations, Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis resulted in an aggregate CMF of .56 for 11 installations observed over 8 years while serving more than 60 million vehicle trips. The data from the Australian State of Queensland involved rural one-lane, low-volume, higher-speed roads, functionally equivalent to ELRs. As motor vehicle volume grows, these roads are widened to two-lane facilities. While the authors observed low mean crash rates on the one-lane roads, analysis of recently converted (from one-lane to two-lane) facilities showed that several experienced fewer crashes than expected after conversion to two-lane roads. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Edge Lane Roads, Advisory Bike No restrictions. This document is available to the public through The Lanes, Safety, Simulation, Empirical National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 Bayes 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 92 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Copyright © 2021 by Mineta Transportation Institute All rights reserved. DOI: 10.31979/mti.2021.1925 Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business San José State University San José, CA 95192-0219 Tel: (408) 924-7560 Fax: (408) 924-7565 Email: [email protected] transweb.sjsu.edu/research/1925 M INETA T RANSPORTATION I NSTITUTE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was conducted as part of a study funded by California SB1 funds provided via the Mineta Transportation Institute. The following students assisted in data collection and analysis: Abigail Matheny, Blake Thomas, Emily Lin,