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Multiview Drawing Multi-View Drawing Chapter 5 Engineering Design Technology Sacramento City College Multi-View Drawing 1 Objectives Identify and select the various views of an object. Determine the number of views needed to describe fully the shape and size of an object. Define the term orthographic projection Describe the difference between first and third-angle projection. 2 Multi-View Drawing Objectives Visualize the “glass box” concept and apply it to the process of selecting and locating views on a drawing. 3 Multi-View Drawing Objectives Develop a multi-view drawing, following a prescribed step-by-step process, from the initial idea to a finished drawing. 4 Multi-View Drawing Vocabulary First angle Profile plane projection Quadrant Front View Right-side View Horizontal Plane Solid Model Implementation Spherical Multi-view Third-angle Drawing Projection Negative Cylinder Top View Normal Views Vertical Plane Orthographic Visualization Projection Pictorial Drawing 5 Multi-View Drawing Communication People communicate by verbal and written language and graphic (pictorial) means. Technical drawings are a graphical means to communicate. When accurate visual understanding is necessary, technical drawing is the most exact method that can be used. 6 Multi-View Drawing Visualization and Implementation Technical drawing involves: Visualization The ability to see clearly in the mind’s eye what a machine, device or object looks like. Implementation The process of drawing the object that has been visualized. 7 Multi-View Drawing Visualization and Implementation A technical drawing, properly made, gives a clearer, more accurate description of an object than a photograph or written explanation. 8 Multi-View Drawing Visualization and Implementation Technical drawings made according to standard rules result in views that give an exact visual description of an object. The multi-view drawing is the major type of drawing used in the industry. 9 Multi-View Drawing Multi-View Drawing A photograph can show three views Front. Top. Right Side. Nearly all objects have six sides, not three. 10 Multi-View Drawing Multi-View Drawing 11 Multi-View Drawing Multi-View Drawing If an object could be shown in a single photograph, it would also include A left-side view. A rear view. A bottom view. 12 Multi-View Drawing Pictorial Drawing An object cannot be photographed if it has not been built (!) This limits the usefulness of photographs to “show what an object looks like” (!) 13 Multi-View Drawing Pictorial Drawing A pictorial drawing Is a drawing. Shows an object as it would appear in a photograph. Shows the way an object looks, in general. It does not show, the exact forms and relationships of the parts that make up the object. 14 Multi-View Drawing Pictorial Drawing A pictorial drawing Shows the object as it appears, not as it really is. Holes in the base appear as ellipses, not as true circles. 15 Multi-View Drawing Pictorial Drawing Photograph Pictorial Drawing 16 Multi-View Drawing Multi-View Drawing The goal, is to represent an object on a sheet of paper in a way that described its exact shape and proportions. To do this: Draw views of the object as it is seen from different positions. 17 Multi-View Drawing Multi-View Drawing These views are then arranged in a standard order. Anyone familiar with drafting practices can understand them immediately. 18 Multi-View Drawing Multi-View Drawing To describe accurately the shape of each view imagine a position Directly in front of the object. Directly above the object. On the right side of the object. 19 Multi-View Drawing Multi-View Drawing The front, top and right side views are the ones most often used to describe an object in technical drawing. They are called the Normal views. 20 Multi-View Drawing The Relationship of Views Views must be placed in proper relationship to each other. The Top View is directly above the Front View The Right-side View is directly to the right of the Front View. 21 Multi-View Drawing The Relationship of Views When the views are placed in proper relationship to one another, the result is a multi-view drawing. Multi-view drawing is the exact representation of an object on one plane. 22 Multi-View Drawing The Relationship of Views Other views may also be required. The proper relationship of the six views is shown below “Normal Top View views” Rear Left-side Front View Right-side View View View Bottom View 23 Multi-View Drawing V-Block 24 Multi-View Drawing Orthographic Projection These views are developed through the principles of orthographic projection Ortho - “straight” or “at right angles”. Graphic - “written” or “drawn”. Projection - from two Latin words: Pro, meaning “forward” Jacere, meaning “to throw” The literal meaning is “thrown forward, drawn at right angles”. 25 Multi-View Drawing Orthographic Projection Definition: Orthographic projection is: the method of representing the exact form of an object in two or more views on planes usually at right angles to each other, by lines drawn perpendicular from the object to the planes. 26 Multi-View Drawing Orthographic Projection An orthographic projection drawing is a representation of the separate views of an object on a two-dimensional surface. It reveals the width, depth and height of an object. 27 Multi-View Drawing Orthographic Projection 28 Multi-View Drawing Angles of Projection Multi-View Drawing 29 Angles of Projection On a technical drawing, a plane is an imaginary flat surface that has no thickness. Orthographic projection involves the use of three planes. Vertical plane. Horizontal plane. Profile plane. A view of an object is projected and drawn on each plane. 30 Multi-View Drawing Angles of Projection The vertical and horizontal planes divide space into four quadrants (quarters of a circle). In orthographic projection, quadrants are usually called angles. Thus we get the names, first-angle projection and third angle projection 31 Multi-View Drawing Angles of Projection First angle projection is used in European countries. Third angle projection is used in the US and Canada. Second and fourth angle projection is not used in any country. 32 Multi-View Drawing First-Angle Projection First-angle projection Front view = vertical plane. Top view = horizontal plane. Left side view = profile plane. 33 Multi-View Drawing First-Angle Projection In first angle projection, the Front View is located above the Top View. The Left-side View is to the right of the Front View. Refer to Figure 5-12. 34 Multi-View Drawing First-Angle Projection In first-angle projection, the projection plane is on the far side of the object from the viewer. The views of the object are projected to the rear and onto the projection plane instead of being projected forward. 35 Multi-View Drawing First-Angle Projection First-angle projection Front view = projected to vertical plane. Top view = projected to horizontal plane. Left side view = projected to profile plane. First angle Third angle 36 Multi-View Drawing Third-Angle Projection Third-angle projection Front view = projected to vertical plane. Top view = projected to horizontal plane. Right side view = projected to profile plane. First angle Third angle 37 Multi-View Drawing Third-Angle Projection In third-angle projection the Top View is located above the Front View. The Right-Side View is to the right of the Front View. Refer to Figure 5-14. 38 Multi-View Drawing Third-Angle Projection The views appear in their natural positions. The Top View appears above the front view. The Right-Side View is to the right of the Front View. The Left-Side View is to the left of the front view. 39 Multi-View Drawing The Glass Box Multi-View Drawing 40 The Glass Box In each case, the three views have been developed by using imaginary transparent planes. The views are projected onto these planes. 41 Multi-View Drawing The Glass Box Visualize a glass box around the object Project the view of the object onto a side of the box. “Unfold the box” to one plane. The views will be in their relative positions. 42 Multi-View Drawing The Glass Box 43 Multi-View Drawing The Glass Box 44 Multi-View Drawing Projection of Lines Multi-View Drawing 45 Projection of Lines There are four kinds of straight lines found on objects in drawings Horizontal. Vertical. Inclined. Oblique. Each line is projected by locating its endpoint. 46 Multi-View Drawing Horizontal Lines Horizontal lines Are parallel to the frontal plane. Are parallel to the top plane. Are perpendicular to the profile plane. (right-side view) (Parallel to 2; perpendicular to 1) Appear as true length in two Frontal and Top planes. Appear as a point in the third. Right-side plane 47 Multi-View Drawing Vertical Lines Vertical Lines Are parallel to the frontal plane. Are parallel to the profile plane. Are perpendicular to the horizontal plane. (Parallel to 2; perpendicular to 1) Appear true length in two planes: Frontal and Profile planes. Appear as a point in the third: Horizontal plane. 48 Multi-View Drawing Inclined Lines Inclined Lines Are parallel to one plane of projection. Are inclined in the other two planes. (Parallel to only 1; shortened in 2) Appear true length in one of the planes. Appear shortened in the other two planes. 49 Multi-View Drawing Oblique Lines Oblique Lines Are neither parallel nor perpendicular to any of the planes or projections (!) Appear shortened in all three planes of projection. Can only be drawn by locating and connecting line endpoints. 50 Multi-View Drawing Curved Lines Curved Lines may be Circular. Elliptical. Parabolic. Hyperbolic. Some other geometric curve form. They may also be irregular curves. 51 Multi-View Drawing Projection of Surfaces Surfaces may be Horizontal.
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