Clasificacion Y Catalog0 Mundial De La Tribu Dendroleontini Con La Redescripcion Del Genero Voltor Navas

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Clasificacion Y Catalog0 Mundial De La Tribu Dendroleontini Con La Redescripcion Del Genero Voltor Navas CLASIFICACION Y CATALOG0 MUNDIAL DE LA TRIBU DENDROLEONTINI CON LA REDESCRIPCION DEL GENERO VOLTOR NAVAS (NEUROPTERA: MYRMELEONTIDAE) por LIONEL ALVIN STANGE Instituto Miguel Lillo SUMMARY Classification and world catalog of the tribe Dendroleontini with the re- description of the genus Voltor Navk- Systematic studies of the tribe Dendro- leontini, especially of the female terrninalia, have resulted in a reclassification of the tribe in five subtribes Voltorina, Dendroleontina, Nuglerina, Acanthoplectrina and Pwiclystina. Most of the 31 known dendroleontine genera are placed in subtribes. The subtribe Voltorina contains only Voltor sylphis (Weele) from the Malagasy Republic. A redescription of Voltor is given. The complex structure of the female terminalia is viewed as the primitive condition. The subtribe Dendroleontina contains 12 genera found in all regions of the world except South America. The subtribe Nuglerina contains only the genus Nuglerus Navls distributed mainly in the Indomalayan Region. The Australian subtribe Acanthoplectrina contains one species and is maintained od the basis of the modified tibia1 spurs since the terminalia are unknown. The subtribe Periclystina is also restricted to Australia and contains 7 genera. Notes on the taxonomic position of the Dendroleontini are given with a key to subtribes and genera. A compre hensive catalog of the world fauna of Dendroleontini is provided with information on the types. 262 ACTA ZOOLOGICA LILLOANA XXXI: 17 (1976) INTRODUCCION La tribu Dendroleontini Banks 1899 ha sido poco estudiada y con- tiene segh Mark1 (1954) aproximadamente treinta generos descritos. Casi la totalidad de las especies estan restringidas a1 Viejo Mundo per0 hay dos especies de Dendroleon en Notte AmBrica. En 1%4 tuve la oportunidad de estudiar los tipos de Dendroleontini en varios museos de Europa gracias a un subsidio de la Sociedad Sigma Xi. DespuC de estudiar la hembra de Glenluvs sylphis Weele (especie ti- po de Voltor Nads) llegui a la conclusi6n que esta especie tiene una rela- ci6n lejana con las de Dendroleon y relacionadas con Bste, especialmente si consideramos la estructura de 10s Jltirnos segmentos abdominales. Estudian- do varios ejemplares de muchos g6neros de Dendroleontini (Voltor, Den- drolebn, Bankisus, Bullanga, Cuca, Cyrnothales, Epacanthaclisis, Frogga- tth, Gatzara, Mironus, Nepsalus, Austrogymnocnemia, Ceratoleon, Glen* leon, Franzenia, Yericlystus y Nuglerus) he llegado a comprender mejor las lineas de evoluci6n. La estructura de 10s terminalia de las hembras brinda especialmente datos importantes acerca de las relaciones entre los gbneros. Los genitalia de los machos son menos Jtiles para estos fines porque son poco variados y mucho mds simples en estructura (constan de un gonarcus con mediuncus y un par de padmeros). Los par&meros,que son en forma de placas y libres de 10s otros escleritos, se encuentran en muchos gBneros de Dendroleontini como tambibn en gbneros de otras tribus de Myrmeleon- tinae. Otros caracteres importantes para definir 10s grupos se encuentran en las patas (modificaciones de las uAas pretarsales, 10s espolones tibiales, y forma de los segmentos). La cabeza nos ofrece ademds algunos caracteres de importancia, especialmente la estructura de la antena, presencia o ausencia de setas oculares y la distancia interantenal. La forma del ala y algunos caracteres de la venacibn, como por ejemplo la posici6n relativa del sector rawes dtil en la definicibn de 10s gbneros. L. A. STANGE, Clasificacibn y catllogo rnundial de . .. Se presenta una nueva clasificacibn de Dendroleontini en cinco sub tribus basada especialmente en la estructura de 10s terminalia de las hembras. Se redescribe el gdnero Voltor NavAs que es el g6nero m& pri- mitivo en la tribu. Sobre la base de estudios anteriores y recientes del material de varias colecciones y tambidn sobre diapositivas tomadas de 10s tipos se presenta una clave para 10s gdneros. Notas tomadas en 10s ailos 1964 y 1972 en Europa se presentan en un cdtalogo de h tribu. Este ca- tAlogo proporciona una buena guia para un futuro trabajo de la tribu por- que contiene datos sobre repositorios, sex0 y condicibn de 10s tipos, con cita de las figuras publicadas de las especies. VOLTORINA STANGE, NUEVA SUBTRIBU Gnero tipo: Voltor Navds 1935 DIAGNOSIS:1) Ala anterior mds corta que ala posterior. 2) Sector radial del ala anterior nace cerca de la base del ala, mucho antes que la bifurcation cubital, aproximadamente 3 vbnulas cruzadas presectorales. 3) Sector radial del ala posterior nace muy cerca de la base, mucho antes que la bifur- caci6n medial, 2 (a veces 1) vdnulas cruzadas presectorales. 4) Vena 2A del ala anterior bien separada de las venas 1A y 3A, bastante larga y con dos o mds bifurcaciones. 5) Espolones tibiales iguales en todas las patas, largos y formando una curva regular except0 subapicalmente (fig. 5). 6) Ufias pre- tarsales bien desarrolladas y norrnalmente arqueadas desde la base hasta el dpice. 7) Esternito VII de la hembra emarginado en el medio con un pe queiio tub6rculo posteriormente. 8) Placa pregenital muy grande y c6n- cava ventralmente entre el esternito VII y la gonap6fisis VIII. 9) La par- te ventral del segment0 VIII consta de una placa gonapofisial (sin setas) la- teralmente y una membrana angosta y medial (con setas) que se extiende 264 ACTA ZOOLOGICA LILLOANA XXXI: 17 (1976) anteriormente para dividir la placa gonapofisial de la placa pregenital y caudalmente para formar el labio inferior de la vulva donde se encuentra un pequefio esclerito en forma de "M". 10) Gonapbfisis VIII con proceso an- terior y posterior que conjuntamente forman parte de una estructura bi-di- gital (fig. 7). 11) Gonap6fisis IX muy compleja con una parte caudal con setas para cavar, seguida por un proceso largo y digitiforme que estd aso- ciado con un esclerito convex0 cerca del margen ventral del tergito IX. 12) Ectoprocto de la hembra simple, sin setas para cavar. 13) Espermateca (fig. 6) consistente en una varilla y una parte enrollada rnds angosta. 14) Terminalia del macho (figs. 1, 2) con una bolsa eversible portando setas largas. 15) Gonarco arqueado, mediuncus complejo que distalmente ter- mina en una espina, 10s pardmeros son libres y en forma de placas. 16) Ectoprocto del macho simple, sin 16bulos. OBSE RVACIONES: Voltor sylphis (Weele) es el 6nico miembro conocido de la subtribu Voltorina. Los terminalia de la hembra (figs. 7, 8) represen- tan el tip0 rnds complejo -de 10s que conozco- en la familia Myrmeleon- tidae. Robablemente 10s terminalia son tambiin 10s rnds primitivos en la familia, pero hasta tanto se efect~enulteriores estudios comparados, esta idea queda s610 como una hip6tesis. El tub4rculo que se encuentra pos- teriormente en el medio del esternito VII posiblemente es homblogo con uno parecido en la placa pregenital en otros grupos (Dendroleon, etc.) su- giriendo una fragmentacibn de esta parte del esternito VII. La placa pre- genital es rnds grande que en la mayoria de ks especies conocidas en la familia forrnando un "pseudo-esternito" VIII. La forma del segment0 IX con placas gonapofisiales laterales muy grandes con una parte mediana rnembranosa es similar a la de Dendroleon. Gonapbfisis VIII muy llamati- va porque tiene dos procesos digitiformes. Es discutible si el proceso an- L. A. STANGE, Ciasificacibn Y cat&logo rnundial de . 265 terior es homblogo o no con la gonapbfisis "anterior" (ver Stange 1970: 37) de las especies de Dendroleon .I el proceso posterior con la gonapbfisis "posterior" (se#n Tjeder, 1954). TambiBn la gonapbfisis IX demuestra una estructura muy compleja (iprirnitiva? ). La parte m& caudal con se tas para cavar se puede ver en casi todas las especies de Myrmeleontidae. El largo proceso digitiforme posiblemente representa un lbbulo secundario per0 tambiBn podria representar el estado prirnitivo. Es dificil homologar este proceso con estructuras en 10s otros grupos pero tal vez es homblogo con una estructura dsplana aunque ubicada mL o menos en el mismo lugar en Dendroleon y relacionados con Bste. TambiBn se comparte con Dendroleon un esclerito convex0 ubicado cerca del margen ventral del esclerito IX. Hasta ahora no se puede identificar este esclerito morfolbgi- camente ni establecer su historia evolutiva. Es mL diminuto en Dendro- leon y parece unido con el tergito IX en algunos grupos (p. ej. Bankisus). En Periclystina hay un proceso digitiforme del tergito IX que tal vez corres- ponda a este esclerito. Otra caracteristica de 10s terminalia de Voltor sylphis es la presencia de una abertura como espiriculo ubicada cerca del margen ventral del ter- gito VIII (ver fig. 7); se nota una abertura similar en el g4nero Gatzara Nav4.s (Dendroleontina). No se conoce la funci6n de Bsta estructura pero tal vez sea glandular. Los terminalia del macho (fig. 1) presentan algunos caracteres in- teresantes. La modificacibn del mediuncus (figs. 1, 2) en un proceso es- piniforme es diagn6stico dentro de la tribu. Tambi4n la bolsa eversible con setas largas es propia del @nero Voltor. Especie tipo: Glenurus sylphis Weele, por monotipia y designaci6n original. DIAGNOSIS: 1) Gran distancia interantenal dso menos igual al ancho 266 ACTA ZOOLOGICA LILLOANA XXXI; 17 (1976) dximo del escapo antenal. 2) Anillo ocular sin setas. 3) Palp6mero dis- tal del labio muy delgado, abertura sensorial ovalada, mis cerca de la base que del kpice. 4) Antena moderadamente larga (aproximadamente 35 Figuras 1 - 8. Voltor sylphis (Weele). 1. Terminalia del macho, vista lateral. 2. Genitalia del macho, vista ventral. 3. Esternito IX del macho, vista ventral. 4. Pretarso, vis- ta lateral. 5. Espol6n tibial. 6. Espermateca. 7. Terminalia de la hembra. vista lateral. 8. Terminalia de la hembra, vista ventral. L. A. STANGE, Clasificacibn y cat6logo rnundial da . 267 flagelbmeros); flagelbmeros alp mds anchos que largos (excepto el basal ), sin setas erguidas. 5) Patas largas, tibia mds larga que femur, pata anterior mis corta que la mediana que, a su vez, es rnds corta que la posterior. 6) Los tarsos de todas las patas casi iguales; tars6mero distal mucho rnds larqo que el basal, las setas sobre la superficie ventral no ordenadas en filas distintas.
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