DOCSLIB.ORG

Jesus Christ of Frafraland: a Study of the Interface of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jesus Christ of Frafraland: a Study of the Interface of The JESUS CHRIST OF FRAFRALAND: A STUDY OF THE INTERFACE OF THE GOSPEL AND THE FRAFRA CULTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EVANGELISATION IN THE FRAFRA CONTEXT By: Bayeti, Samuel Zuul (Dip. Th. Legon, B.A Th. Hons August 2011 i JESUS CHRIST OF FRAFRALAND: A STUDY OF THE INTERFACE OF THE GOSPEL AND THE FRAFRA CULTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EVANGELISATION IN THE FRAFRA CONTEXT By Bayeti, Samuel Zuul (Dip. Th. Legon, B.A Th. Hons A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES August 2011 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work towards the M.Phil in Religious Studies and that to the best of my knowledge; the content has not been previously published by another person or submitted for any degree in any University. Due acknowledgement has been made for all citations and references in the text. Bayeti, Samuel Zuul ……………… …………………. Students Name Signature Date Student Number Student Exam Number 20068812 PG.3499309 Certified by Rev. J. E. T Kuwornu-Adjaottor ……………….. …………….. Supervisor Signature Date Certified by Rev. J. E. T Kuwornu-Adjaottor ………………….. ………………… Head of Department Name Signature Date ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my dear wife Asibi and the children Wunammi, Yinmanna, Yinsonnam and Yinmalya whose prayer and moral support contributed immensely to the success of this work, and who had to bear with my continuous absence from home during the field work of this study. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Glory be to God for His abundant grace that enabled me to complete this thesis. I acknowledge with special gratitude the invaluable contributions of Rev. Dr. Solomon Sule-Saa (Ecumenical and Social Relations Director of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana) Rev. Fr Dr Samuel Atinga (St Victor‘s Seminary- Tamale) and Rev. Dr. Nathan Sanwini (Head of the Dept of Religious Studies, KNUST) whose advice and encouragement kept me going in the course of the project. Special thanks also go to Rev. J.E.T Kuwornuu Adjaottor for his invaluable contribution to this work. His supervision of the work by way of advice, corrections and encouragement has gone a long way in producing this work. I also wish to commend with special gratitude Rev. Job Tindanbil, Rev. Mongs. Roger Aboteyuure, Rev George Apasera, Rev. Peter Awane and Mr. Simon Azaa for providing much of the data for this project. My deepest appreciation also goes to my mothers in Chirst, Mary Mensah Gyan, Veronica Boateng, Rachel Damali, Dorcas Zoogah, and Akosua Antwiwaa, as well as my friends - Isaac Nkrumah, Florence Pokuaa, Augustine Asuemi, Charles Osei, Benard Asewie, Mr. Abebe, and Rev. Diseh Kwotua,- for contributing emensely in terms of moral and financial support towards this project. May the good Lord richly bless them all. I cannot end this acknowledgment without expressing my deepest appreciation to my dear wife Asibi and my Children Wunammi, Yinmanna, Yinnsonam, and Yinmalya for their prayer and moral support and for coping with my absence from home during the field work for this project. Several others whose names are not mentioned in this acknowledgement, but who in diverse ways contributed to the success of this project, I say Yin mal ya (God bless you). Nte Yinam fara (To God be the Glory). iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BONABOTO – Bolgatanga, Nangodi, Bongo, Tongo Students Association PPHCP – Presbyterian Primary Health Care Programme NIV- New International Version GILLBT – Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation KNUST - Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology AD – Anno Domini C.Y.O - Catholic Youth Organisation A.O.G – Assemblies of God W.V – World Vision FRALIDEP – Frafra Literacy and Development Project WEC—World Evangelistic Crusade FGM---Female Genital Mutilation v ABSTRACT This thesis, Jesus Christ of Frafraland: A study of the Interface of Gospel and Culture and Its Implications for Evangelisation in the Frafra Context, is a study on the engagement of the Gospel with the Frafra of Northern Ghana. It examines the patterns of evangelisation among the Frafra with particular reference to the methods used in the proclamation of the Gospel. It also addresses the response of the Frafra to the proclamation of the Gospel as well as the impact of the Gospel in Frafraland. The researcher contends that despite the challenges, indigenous Frafra Christianity is possible through the recognition of traditional or cultural categories as significant preparation for the Gospel. In this way the Christian faith can be articulated in the Frafra cultural context with the use of its thought forms in a relevant worship of God. The major finding of the research is that the proclamation of the Gospel among the Frafra often produces different responses ranging from full embrace to partial embrace as well as conflictual or negative embrace depending on how the Gospel is proclaimed and how the people understand it. There is the need for the people to perceive and respond to the Gospel in way that are meaningful to their own understanding and experience. The significance of culture in the evangelistic task of the church is therefore very crucial. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Title page i Declaration ii Dedication iii Acknowledgement iv List of Abbreviations v Abstract vi Table of contents vii CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information 1 1.2 Statement of Problem 2 1.3 Objectives of the Study 3 1.4 Scope of the Study 4 1.5 Study Approach and Methodology 4 1.6 Significance of the Study 5 1.7 Limitation of the Study 5 1.8 Challenges Envisaged 6 1.9 Review of Related Literature 6 1.10 Organisation of the study 13 CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND TO THE FRAFRA LIFE AND THOUGHT 2.0 Introduction 15 2.1 The Frafra 15 2.2 Geographical Location and Economic Profile 17 2.3 Social Structure and Organization 18 2.3.1 Settlement and Clanship 18 2.3.2 The Family 19 vii 2.3.3 Marriage 21 2.4 Political Organization 23 2.4.1 Chieftaincy 23 2.4.2 The Office of the Tendana 25 2.4.3 Religious Personalities 26 2.5 Religious Beliefs and Practices 26 2.5.1 The Supreme Being 27 2.5.2 Divinities 29 2.5.3 Ancestors 30 2.5.4 Other spirits 32 2.5.5 Divination 34 2.5.6 Sacrifice, Offerings and Prayer 35 2.5.7 Traditional Festivals 37 2.5.8 Child Naming and Initiation Rites 38 2.5.9 Death, Funeral and the Hereafter 39 2.5.11 Sickness and Healing 41 2.6 Conclusion 44 CHAPTER THREE: THE GOSPEL AND THE FRAFRA 3.0. Introduction 45 3.1 Definition of Concepts 46 3.1.1 Gospel 46 3.1.2 Evangelization 47 3.1.3 Culture 48 3.1.4 Salvation 50 3.1.5 Sacrifice 52 3.1.6 Church 54 3.1.7 Inculturation 56 3.2 Gospel and Culture from Biblical Perspective 58 viii 3.2.1 The Case of Early Israel 58 3.2.2 Gospel and Culture in the New Testament Period 63 3.2.3 Gospel and Culture in the Early Church Period 69 3.3 Gospel and Culture from African Christian History 76 3.4. The Gospel in the Frafra Context 83 3.4.1 Patterns of Evangelization of the Frafra 84 3.4.2 Mono Ethnic Churches Planting in Southern Ghana among Migrant Frafra (the case of the Kumasi Metropolis) 90 3.4.3 Responses of the Frafra to the Proclamation of the Gospel 94 3.4.3.1 Full Embrace 95 3.4.3.2 Syncretism (Partial Embrace) 98 3.4.3.3 Conflictual or Negative Embrace 99 3.4.4 Challenges 101 3.4.4.1 Personal Challenges 102 3.4.4.2 Societal Challenges 104 3.5 The Impact of the Gospel in Frafraland 105 3.5.1 Social Significance of the Church 105 3.5.2 Preservation of Frafra Culture 107 3.5.3 Transformation of Community Life 108 3.6 Conclusion 110 CHAPTER FOUR: A THEOLOGICAL REFLECTION FROM THE FRAFRA PERSPECTIVE 4.0 Introduction 112 4.1 The Gospel and the Frafra Culture 112 4.1.1 Spiritual Realities 113 4.1.2 Spiritual Relationship with Nature 116 4.1.3 Social Arrangements 119 4.1.4 Religious Systems 124 ix 4.2 Towards an Authentic Frafra Christianity 128 4.2.1 Frafra Culture as Preparatio Evangelica 129 4.2.2 Language and it‘s Implication for Theology and Evangelisation 134 4.3 The Gospel as Fulfiller of the Frafra Culture 137 4.3.1 Christ as Tendana Par Excellence 138 4.3.2 Christ as Bakologdana (Diviner) 140 4.3.3. Christ as Yidan (Lineage Head) 141 4.3.4 Christ as Nyadaan (Healer) 142 4.4. Conclusion 143 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, ISSUES EMERGING OUT OF THE STUDY, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0. Introduction 145 5.1 Summary of Findings of the Study 145 5.2 Issues Emerging out of the Study 148 5.3 Recommendations 149 5.3.1 Training and Support of Indigenous Leaders 150 5.3.2 Pastoral Care and Counseling 151 5.3.3 Literacy Development 151 5.4 General Conclusion 152 Bibliography Appendices x CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information The Great Commission of Jesus Christ enjoins all Christian believers to go and make ―disciples of all nations‘‘. (Matthew 28:19). The term ―nations‘‘ from the Greek word ethnos does not refer to present day geographical areas like Ghana, Togo, Benin and Brazil; rather it refers to groups of people with languages and cultural distinctives of their own and who share common ideologies and common ethnic identity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Languages with Longer Words Have More Lexical Change Søren
    Languages with longer words have more lexical change Søren Wichmann and Eric W. Holman 1. Introduction: Aims and data1 The findings to be presented in this paper were not anticipated, but came about as an unexpected result of looking at how the application of a version of the Levenshtein distance to word lists compares with cognate counting. We were interested in the degree to which the two correlate. The results of this investigation are intrinsically interesting and will be presented in the following section 2, but even more interesting is our finding that differ- ences between counting cognates and measuring the Levenshtein distances vary as a function of average word lengths in the word lists compared. This observation will occupy the remainder of the paper, with section 3 devoted to establishing the sta tis tical significance of the observation across language families, while section 4 establishes the significance within language groups, and section 5 discusses competing explanations. First we briefly explain the specific version of the Levenshtein distance used and the concept of cognate identification. In numerous previous papers, beginning in Holman et al. (2008a), the present authors as well as other members of the network of scholars partici- pating in the project known as ASJP (or Automated Similarity Judgment Pro gram) have applied a computer-assisted comparison of word lists in order to derive a measure of differences among languages. Our method consists in comparing pairs of words to determine the Levenshtein distance, LD, which is defined as the number of substitutions, insertions, and deletions necessary to transform one word into another.
    [Show full text]
  • Serial Verb Constructions in Gurene.Pdf
    University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh i UNIVERSITY OF GHANA SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS IN GURENE BY JOSEPH AYAMGA (10238296) THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF M.PHIL LINGUISTICS DEGREE JULY 2018 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ii DECLARATION I, Joseph Ayimbila Ayamga, declare that except for references to this work in which I have been duly cited, this thesis is as a result of my original research, under the supervision of Professor Kofi K. Saah and Dr. Paul K. Agbedor and that it has neither been whole nor in part been presented for another degree elsewhere. CANDIDATE …………………………. ………………………. JOSEPH AYIMBILA AYAMGA DATE SUPERVISOR …………………………. ………………………. PROF. KOFI. K. SAAH DATE SUPERVISOR …………………………. ………………………… DR. PAUL K. AGBEDOR DATE University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Mrs. Adongo Abagna of blessed memory and Mr. Tahiru Aberinga. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my profound gratitude to the Almighty God for having helped me to accomplish my academic work that took me this to point. Though it was very tough, God did everything easily for me because of His mercy and favour. I would also like to thank all those who have helped me in diverse ways to achieve my academic goal. My profound gratitude goes to my principal supervisor, Prof. Kofi K. Saah, who did not only supervise this work, but also provided guidance and counseling and words of encouragement that helped me in my course work and in writing this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
    Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Muntie
    GHANA MUNTIE: FROM STATION ZOY TO THE GHANA BROADCASTING CORPORATION BY Bernard Senedzi (B. S.) Gadzekpo THE AUTHOR Bernard Senedzi (B. S.) Gadzekpo, the author of Ghana Muntie had his elementary education at the Keta Bremen Mission School, and trained at Akropong Teacher Training College from 1924 to 1926. He taught for 16 years at the Keta Roman Catholic and Ewe (now Evangelical) Presbyterian Church Schools where he became headmaster. He was seconded to the Information Department during the 2nd World War at the end of which he was appointed Programme Assistant in the Broadcasting Department. He was awarded a scholarship in 1949 to study radio programme production technique at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). He had successive promotion within the Broadcasting System which later became the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation and retired as Controller of Programmes in 1965. He was however taken back on contract for five years to assist in the training of programme personnel at the Programme Training School, which he had helped to establish. In Broadcasting House, he was affectionately called EFO BEN (elder brother, Ben). Before leaving the GBC finally in June 1971, he promised to set down his 28 years’ experience in broadcasting in the form of a book, and Ghana Muntie is a fulfilment of that promise. FOREWORD It is a rare occurrence in the life of anyone to be asked to write a foreword to a book written by his former teacher particularly if the author happens to have taught that person in the last stages of his formative years. It is in this circumstance that I consider myself privileged to be asked to write a foreword to this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasal Vowel Patterns in West Africa” 1 [email protected]
    UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2013) Nicholas Rolle UC Berkeley 1 “Nasal vowel patterns in West Africa” [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION Nasal vowels are a common feature of West African phonologies, and have received a significant amount of attention concerning their (suprasegmental) representation, their interaction with nasal consonants, and their phonetic realization. Numerous authors have presented surveys of varying degrees of (targeted) depth which address the distribution of contrastive nasal vowels in (West) Africa, including Hyman (1972), Williamson (1973), Ruhlen (1978), Maddieson (1984, 2007), Clements (2000), Clements & Rialland (2006), and Hajek (2011). Building on this literature, this present study provides a more extensive survey on contrastive nasal vowels in West Africa, and specifically studies the types of systematic gaps found. For example, the language Togo-Remnant language Bowili has a 7 oral vowel inventory canonical of West Africa /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/, as well as a full set of nasal counterparts /ĩ ẽ ɛ ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/ (Williamson 1973). In contrast, the Gur language Bariba has the same 7 oral vowel inventory, though a more limited nasal set /ĩ ɛ ̃ ã ɔ̃ ũ/, missing mid-high vowels */ẽ õ/ (Hyman 1972:201). Using this as a starting point, this paper addresses the following questions: . What are the recurring patterns one finds in West African nasal vowel systems and inventories? o What restrictions are there on mid vowels in the nasal inventory? . In which families/areal zones do we find these patterns? . To which factors can we attribute these patterns? o Genetic – Vertical inheritance o Areal – Horizontal spread o Universal Phonetic – Parallel Developments .
    [Show full text]
  • PART I: NAME SEQUENCE Name Sequence
    Name Sequence PART I: NAME SEQUENCE A-ch‘ang Abor USE Achang Assigned collective code [sit] Aba (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Chiriguano UF Adi Abaknon Miri Assigned collective code [phi] Miśing (Philippine (Other)) Aborlan Tagbanwa UF Capul USE Tagbanua Inabaknon Abua Kapul Assigned collective code [nic] Sama Abaknon (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Abau Abujhmaria Assigned collective code [paa] Assigned collective code [dra] (Papuan (Other)) (Dravidian (Other)) UF Green River Abulas Abaw Assigned collective code [paa] USE Abo (Cameroon) (Papuan (Other)) Abazin UF Ambulas Assigned collective code [cau] Maprik (Caucasian (Other)) Acadian (Louisiana) Abenaki USE Cajun French Assigned collective code [alg] Acateco (Algonquian (Other)) USE Akatek UF Abnaki Achangua Abia Assigned collective code [sai] USE Aneme Wake (South American (Other)) Abidji Achang Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [sit] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) UF Adidji UF A-ch‘ang Ari (Côte d'Ivoire) Atsang Abigar Ache USE Nuer USE Guayaki Abkhaz [abk] Achi Abnaki Assigned collective code [myn] USE Abenaki (Mayan languages) Abo (Cameroon) UF Cubulco Achi Assigned collective code [bnt] Rabinal Achi (Bantu (Other)) Achinese [ace] UF Abaw UF Atjeh Bo Cameroon Acholi Bon (Cameroon) USE Acoli Abo (Sudan) Achuale USE Toposa USE Achuar MARC Code List for Languages October 2007 page 11 Name Sequence Achuar Afar [aar] Assigned collective code [sai] UF Adaiel (South American Indian Danakil (Other)) Afenmai UF Achuale USE Etsako Achuara Jivaro Afghan
    [Show full text]
  • CHRISTIAN SERVICE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE School of Graduate Studies THESIS MONO-ETHNIC CHURCHES in the ASHANTI REGION of GHANA: AN
    CHRISTIAN SERVICE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE School of Graduate Studies THESIS MONO-ETHNIC CHURCHES IN THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA: AN ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH OF THE FRAFRA COMMUNITY BAPTIST CHURCHES OF THE GHANA BAPTIST CONVENTION: 1993-2013 BY MARK NSO-YINE JULY, 2015. 1 MONO-ETHNIC CHURCHES IN THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA: AN ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH OF THE FRAFRA COMMUNITY BAPTIST CHURCHES OF THE GHANA BAPTIST CONVENTION: 1993-2013 BY MARK NSO-YINE (10000666) A thesis submitted to the Department of Theology, Christian Service University College, in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Christian Ministry and Management. JULY, 2015. 2 DECLARATION I, Mark Nso-Yine do hereby declare that this thesis dissertation project report is the result of my own original research except for section for which references have been duly made and to the best of my knowledge no part of it has been presented to this university college or any other institution for the award of a degree. Signed: ……………………………..………. Date: ……………………………….. Mark Nso-Yine Signed: ……………………………..………. Date: ……………………………….. Dr. S. B. Adubofour (Supervisor) Signed: ……………………………..………. Date: ……………………………….. Rev. Ebenezer Adu Ampong (Head of Department of Theology) 3 DEDICATION To my lovely wife Mrs. Elizabeth Nso-Yine and my lovely children Elvis Nso-Yine, Joyceline Nso-Yine, Christiana Nso-Yine, Stella Nso-Yine and Josephine Nso-Yine, and not forgetting my church, Eternal Life Baptist Church, Anyano-Kumasi for their support, both financially and spiritually. May God richly bless you all. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the first place, I will like to express my profound gratitude and appreciation to the Almighty God for His support, direction, understanding, protection and knowledge given to me throughout the duration of my course at the Christian Service University College.
    [Show full text]
  • Onds and Boundaries in Orthern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso
    Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 30 onds and Boundaries in orthern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso Edited by Sten Hagberg & Alexis B. Tengan UPPSALA 2000 ABSTRACT Hagberg, Sten; Tengan, Alexis B. (editors) Bonds and Boundaries in Northern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 30. 197 pp. Uppsala 2000. ISBN 91-554-4770-8. The volume contains ten essays that are concerned with the problem ofboundaries, and of the bonds that overcome them in northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso. It explores cosmological notions of space, colonial and postcolonial representations and social practices. All the essays integrate, though in various ways, cosmological and geographical notions of space, although the topics vary from identity, religion and marriage to politics, history and farming in this frontier region. Most of the essays were initially written for an international seminar in Gaoua (Burkina Faso) in 1998, which aimed at crossing the boundaries, be they national, socio-cultural, linguistic, political or religious ones by bringing together some scholars of different cultural, postcolonial and academic environments. © Department of Cultural Anthropology & Ethnology and the authors 2000 ISSN 0348-5099 ISBN 91-554-4770-8 Typesetting: Mikael Brandstrom Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab, Stockholm 2000 Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden Preface 7 Jan Ovesen Introduction: Coping with Cosmology and Geography
    [Show full text]
  • 1 GENETIC CLASSIFICATION of LANGUAGES A. Classification
    Dr. Seth Antwi Ofori, 2014/2015, LNGS 204 GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES A. Classification (dictionary definition): It is a division or category in a system which divides things into groups or types. B. Taxonomic Linguistics: -- The science concerned with the identification and grouping of concepts, organisms, texts, etc. is called Taxonomy. -- This is done in every field of study. -- In linguistics, this approach to things (i.e. linguistic data) is called Taxonomic linguistics. -- Traditional linguistics is primarily taxonomic in its approach – the goal of taxonomic linguistics is to group individual grammatical items (sounds, words, phrases) into categories, or to group even languages into types or families. -- Taxonomy or classification runs through everything we will be doing in this class. -- Today I want us to focus on language classification, specifically the classification of languages into families. C. Explanation of concept: Genetic -- languages of the world are classified based on the hypothesis of common origin. (Dzameshie, LNGS 224) -- the term ‘genetic’ is NOT associated with genes or genealogy (which would mean that a language has properties of at least two languages); -- the term ‘genetic’ is associated rather with ‘genesis’ or ‘origin’ D. Genetic classification of languages -- When languages are known to have developed out of a common ancestral language they are said to be genetically related. -- Genetic relationships therefore have to do with the linguistic characteristics that are inherited by one generation of
    [Show full text]
  • ED472797.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 472 797 FL 801 560 AUTHOR Spaeth, Carole, Ed. TITLE Notes on Literacy, 2001. INSTITUTION Summer Inst. of Linguistics, Dallas, TX. ISSN ISSN-0737-6707 PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 209p.; Published quarterly. AVAILABLE FROM International Academic Bookstore, SIL International, 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road, Dallas, TX 75236 (annual subscription: U.S., $20.95; outside U.S., $23.95). Tel: 972-708-7404; e- mail: [email protected]. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Notes on Literacy; v27 n1-4 2001 EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; Bantu Languages; Bilingual Education; Bilingualism; Community Education; Cultural Differences; Dictionaries; Foreign Countries; Leadership Training; *Literacy Education; Literature; Minority Groups; Nontraditional Education; Reading Instruction; Second Language Instruction; *Sociolinguistics; Womens Education IDENTIFIERS Benin; Cambodia; Ghana; Kenya; Malaysia; Native Language; Philippines ABSTRACT These four issues include the following articles: "Cheke Holo Orthography: Local Tradition Clashes with a Linguist's Concerns" (Freddy Boswell); "Avoiding Tone Marks: A Remnant of English Education?" (Mike Cahill); "Nontraditional Education among the Iranun, a Malaysian Ethnic Minority" (Karla Smith); "Learning Well: The Socioliteracy of Some Incipient Literate Women in a Ghanaian Community" (Merieta Johnson); "Training National Partners for Leadership: Priorities for Training as Capacity Building" (Susan Malone); "Cumulative Index 1966-2001"; "Factors Affecting Community Literacy Programs: Assessment and Response" (Barbara Trudell); "Mother-Tongue Education in Schools in Tharaka Language Group of Kenya" (Leila Schroeder); "The Recent History of Education in Cambodia" (Ari Vitikainen); "Orthography Challenges in Bantu Languages" (William Gardner); "Training Nationals in Literature Production: An Experience in Northwestern Benin" (JeDene Reeder and Elizabeth L.
    [Show full text]
  • Frafra Churches in Ashanti
    MIGRATION AND MISSION: THE PLANTING OF FRAFRA CHURCHES IN ASHANTI Adubufour Abstract: The advent of mono-ethnic churches in Southern Ghana for mi- grants from the North is a new development in Ghanaian Christianity. The new churches were generated by the prominent presence of migrants from Northern Ghana to the southern parts of the country. Church surveys under- taken by the Ghana Evangelism Committees revealed the mission opportuni- ties that the phenomenon of migration from the north presented the churches in the south. The Frafra Churches have been selected for study because of their predominance in the mono-ethnic category of churches in the Ashanti region. The study establishes that the Frafra Christian Fellowship played a principal role in the planting of Frafra churches. Furthermore, the study highlights the cardinal importance of the mother-tongue in indigenous mis- sion work. Other critical missiological issues raised for further considera- tion are the bane and blessing of migration, the significance of worldview in urban missions, linguistic factors in indigenizing mission and discipleship, and the imperative of a sense of community in urban churches. Key Words: Frafra; northern-southern; outreach; migration; mission; church planting; language. Introduction Migration is a universal perennial phenomenon that has been in exist- ence since antiquity. It has become an integral part of mission studies, because it creates demographic changes which affect the mission of the church. The migration of people from the north to the southern regions of modern Ghana has been going on since the 1940s, but its implication for Christian mission was unnoticed.1 It took a survey conducted by the Ghana Evangelism Committee (GEC) from 1986 to 1993 for Christians in Southern Ghana to learn that there were 2.3 million migrants from Northern Ghana in the southern territories who 1 Cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Page UNIVERSITY of EDUCATION, WINNEBA COLLEGE
    University of Education,Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh Title Page UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, KUMASI SMOCK WEAVING AS AN AVENUE FOR SELF -EMPLOYMENT IN UPPER EAST REGION: CASE STUDY OF BOLGATANGA MUNICIPALITY BERNARD ATAMPUGRE 7161210002 A Dissertation in the Department of Fashion Design and Textiles Education, Faculty of Vocational Education, submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, University of Education, Winneba, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Master of Technology in Fashion Design and Textiles degree AUGUST, 2018 University of Education,Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DECLARATION I, BERNARD ATAMPUGRE hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own original work and that no part of it has been presented for another degree in this University or elsewhere. Candidate’s signature …………………… Date: …………………… Supervisor’s Declaration I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of this dissertation were supervised in accordance with the guidelines on supervision of dissertation laid down by the University of Education, Winneba Supervisor’s signature………………… Date: ……………………… DR. JOSEPHINE NTIRI University of Education,Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to first and foremost sincerely express my appreciation to God Almighty for this wonderful favour, protection, guidance and grace granted me throughout the period of my course of study. This project work could not have been successful without the unfailing support of Dr, Josephine Ntiri, who not only served as my project supervisor and mentor but also encouraged and challenged me throughout the entire project work. Dr, thank you and may the Almighty God in His infinite goodness bless you abundantly.
    [Show full text]