Microscopic, Histochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Characterization of Leaves of Trema Micrantha (L.) Blume
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Phytochemical Characteristics of Leaves Determine Foraging Rate of the Leaf-Cutting Ant Atta Mexicana
1 Phytochemical characteristics of leaves determine foraging rate of the leaf-cutting ant 2 Atta mexicana (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 3 Dennis A. Infante-Rodríguez1, Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva1, Klaus Mehltreter1, Gloria L. 4 Carrión1, Jean-Paul Lachaud2,3, A. Carlos Velázquez-Narváez1, Víctor M. Vásquez-Reyes1, 5 Jorge E. Valenzuela-González1*, José A. Guerrero-Analco1* 6 1Instituto de Ecología, A.C., 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. 2El Colegio de la Frontera 7 Sur (Unidad Chetumal), 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. 3CRCA, Centre de 8 Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France. 9 *e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 10 ORCID: Infante-Rodriguez D.A. 0000-0002-3330-5340; Guerrero-Analco J.A. 0000-0003- 11 0998-757X; Valenzuela-González J.E 0000-0003-2106-6693 12 Abstract –Atta mexicana is a polyphagous insect that can exploit a wide range of plant 13 species to cultivate its main food source, the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus 14 gongylophorus. In the present study, we evaluated the foraging rate of Atta mexicana 15 workers among leaves of three favored and three rejected plant species under laboratory 16 conditions. In addition, we conducted a phytochemical characterization of leaves of these 17 six plant species. Ants preferred leaf-discs of Rosa x alba, Trema micrantha and Styrax 18 glabrescens, but rejected those of Coffea arabica, Citrus reticulata and Psidium guajava. 19 In a second behavioral experiment using plant extracts, the results suggest that in the case 20 of C. reticulata, rejection was not due chemical composition, but may have been due to 21 different foliar attributes that could modulate the ant's foraging preferences in this species. -
TAXON:Trema Orientalis (L.) Blume SCORE:10.0 RATING
TAXON: Trema orientalis (L.) Blume SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Family: Cannabaceae Common Name(s): charcoal tree Synonym(s): Celtis guineensis Schumach. gunpowder tree Celtis orientalis L. peach cedar Trema guineensis (Schumach.) Ficalho poison peach Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 4 Mar 2020 WRA Score: 10.0 Designation: H(Hawai'i) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tropical, Pioneer Tree, Weedy, Bird-Dispersed, Coppices Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 -
Leafing Through History
Leafing Through History Leafing Through History Several divisions of the Missouri Botanical Garden shared their expertise and collections for this exhibition: the William L. Brown Center, the Herbarium, the EarthWays Center, Horticulture and the William T. Kemper Center for Home Gardening, Education and Tower Grove House, and the Peter H. Raven Library. Grateful thanks to Nancy and Kenneth Kranzberg for their support of the exhibition and this publication. Special acknowledgments to lenders and collaborators James Lucas, Michael Powell, Megan Singleton, Mimi Phelan of Midland Paper, Packaging + Supplies, Dr. Shirley Graham, Greg Johnson of Johnson Paper, and the Campbell House Museum for their contributions to the exhibition. Many thanks to the artists who have shared their work with the exhibition. Especial thanks to Virginia Harold for the photography and Studiopowell for the design of this publication. This publication was printed by Advertisers Printing, one of only 50 U.S. printing companies to have earned SGP (Sustainability Green Partner) Certification, the industry standard for sustainability performance. Copyright © 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden 2 James Lucas Michael Powell Megan Singleton with Beth Johnson Shuki Kato Robert Lang Cekouat Léon Catherine Liu Isabella Myers Shoko Nakamura Nguyen Quyet Tien Jon Tucker Rob Snyder Curated by Nezka Pfeifer Museum Curator Stephen and Peter Sachs Museum Missouri Botanical Garden Inside Cover: Acapulco Gold rolling papers Hemp paper 1972 Collection of the William L. Brown Center [WLBC00199] Previous Page: Bactrian Camel James Lucas 2017 Courtesy of the artist Evans Gallery Installation view 4 Plants comprise 90% of what we use or make on a daily basis, and yet, we overlook them or take them for granted regularly. -
Native Trees and Plants for Birds and People in the Caribbean Planting for Birds in the Caribbean
Native Trees and Plants for Birds and People in the Caribbean Planting for Birds in the Caribbean If you’re a bird lover yearning for a brighter, busier backyard, native plants are your best bet. The Caribbean’s native trees, shrubs and flowers are great for birds and other wildlife, and they’re also a part of the region’s unique natural heritage. There’s no better way to celebrate the beauty, culture and birds of the Caribbean than helping some native plants get their roots down. The Habitat Around You Habitat restoration sounds like something that is done by governments in national parks, but in reality it can take many forms. Native plants can turn backyards and neighborhood parks into natural habitats that attract and sustain birds and other wildlife. In the Caribbean, land is precious—particularly the coastal areas where so many of us live. Restoring native habitat within our neighborhoods allows us to share the land with native plants and animals. Of course, it doesn’t just benefit the birds. Native landscaping makes neighborhoods more beautiful and keeps us in touch with Caribbean traditions. Why Native Plants? Many plants can help birds and beautify neighborhoods, but native plants really stand out. Our native plants and animals have developed over millions of years to live in harmony: pigeons eat fruits and then disperse seeds, hummingbirds pollinate flowers while sipping nectar. While many plants can benefit birds, native plants almost always do so best due to the partnerships they have developed over the ages. In addition to helping birds, native plants are themselves worthy of celebration. -
On the Origin of Hops: Genetic Variability, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Ecological Plasticity of Humulus (Cannabaceae)
ON THE ORIGIN OF HOPS: GENETIC VARIABILITY, PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS, AND ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF HUMULUS (CANNABACEAE) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BOTANY MAY 2014 By Jeffrey R. Boutain DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Will C. McClatchey, Chairperson Mark D. Merlin Sterling C. Keeley Clifford W. Morden Stacy Jørgensen Copyright © 2014 by Jeffrey R. Boutain ii This dissertation is dedicated to my family tree. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of individuals to whom I am indebted in many customs. First and foremost, I thank my committee members for their contribution, patience, persistence, and motivation that helped me complete this dissertation. Specifically, thank you Dr. Will McClatchey for the opportunity to study in a botany program with you as my advisor and especially the encouragement to surf plant genomes. Also with great gratitude, thank you Dr. Sterling Keeley for the opportunity to work on much of this dissertation in your molecular phylogenetics and systematics lab. In addition, thank you Dr. Mark Merlin for numerous brainstorming sessions as well as your guidance and expert perspective on the Cannabaceae. Also, thank you Dr. Cliff Morden for the opportunity to work in your lab where the beginnings of this molecular research took place. Thank you Dr. Jianchu Xu for welcoming me into your lab group at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the opportunity to study the Yunnan hop. In many ways, major contributions towards the completion of this dissertation have come from my family, and I thank you for your unconditional encouragement, love, and support. -
Polyploidy in Trema (Ulmaceae)
1971 341 Polyploidy in Trema (Ulmaceae) A. S. Hans1,2,3 Panjab University, Botany Department, Chandigarh 14, India ReceivedDecember 18, 1969 Introduction Trema Lour. belongs to Ulmaceae, a small family of trees and shrubs, encompassing 15 genera and about 150 species (Lawrence 1951) in tropics and subtropics of both the hemispheres. Trema is a small genus composed of 30 tropical species of which only three species constitute the Indian flora. The members of the Ulmaceae show variation in basic chromosome number. Celtis is polybasic with x=10, 11, and 14 (Darlington and Wylie 1955), while Ulmus, Holoptelea and Zelkovia exhibit a uniform base number of 14. A few instances of inter and intraspecific polyploidy in Celtis and Ulmus exist in nature. Celtis australias has been reported to be a tetraploid (2n=40), while C. laevigata, C. sinensis, and C. occidentalis are diploid, all with 2n=20 (Bowden 1945). The report of 2n=28 in C. occidentalis (Sax 1933) is suggestive of aneuploid races in the species. Most of the species of Ulmus are diploid except U. americana where in addition to the diploid race (Krause 1930), a tetraploid race is also known (Sax 1933). Artificial triploids and tetraploids have been raised in U. glabra by Ehrenberg (1945). The two chromosomally known species of Trema exhibit variable numbers. T. orientalis has been reported to have n=18 (Arora 1960) from Banglore and n=20 (Gajapathy 1961) from Madras in South India; T. politoria has n=10+B (Mehra and Gill). In view of the discordant reports on the chromosome number (n=18, 20) in Trema orientalis, the cytological study was undertaken to ratify the chromosome number, to assess the incidence of polyploidy, and if possible to determine the base number of this small genus. -
Studies on Seed Germination and Micro Propagation of Trema Orientalis (L.) Blume and Macaranga Pelt at a (Roxb.) Mull
STUDIES ON SEED GERMINATION AND MICRO PROPAGATION OF TREMA ORIENTALIS (L.) BLUME AND MACARANGA PELT AT A (ROXB.) MULL. ARG. AND THEIR USE IN REVEGETATION OF MINE WASTELANDS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO GOA UNIVERSITY FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF 5 8 1 • - # 7 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY tfOM/SfU IN /O V)CX BOTANY 6* tfc FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCE ^- i PUi> BY CASSIE R. RODRIGUES V* Research Guide PROF. B. F. RODRIGUES UGC-SAP DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY ) GOA UNIVERSITY December 2013 T — S 2.2- T - 62 - 2- <Dedicated to, M y Parents Mrs. Adetina g. (Rpdrignes Mr. A- Bosco <Rgdrigues M y g u id e Prof. (Bernard <F. (Rgdrigues DECLARATION I hereby declare that the matter embodied in this thesis entitled, “Studies on seed germination and micro propagation of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume and Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Mull. Arg. and their use in revegetation of mine wastelands.” is the result of investigations carried out by me, under the supervision of Prof. B. F Rodrigues and it has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or the other such similar title. Goa University Ms. Cassie R. Rodrigues December 2013 (Candidate) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work incorporated in this thesis entitled, “Studies on seed germination and micro propagation of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume and Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Mull. Arg. and their use in revegetation of mine wastelands.” submitted by Ms. Cassie R. Rodrigues, constitutes her independent work and the same has not been previously submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or the other such title. -
Angiospermic Flora of Gafargaon Upazila of Mymensingh District Focusing on Medicinally Important Species
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 26(2): 269‒283, 2019 (December) © 2019 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF GAFARGAON UPAZILA OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT FOCUSING ON MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES 1 M. OLIUR RAHMAN , NUSRAT JAHAN SAYMA AND MOMTAZ BEGUM Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Keywords: Angiosperm; Taxonomy; Vegetation analysis; Medicinal Plants; Distribution; Conservation. Abstract Gafargaon upazila has been floristically explored to identify and assess the angiospermic flora that resulted in occurrence of 203 taxa under 174 genera and 75 families. Magnoliopsida is represented by 167 taxa under 140 genera and 62 families, while Liliopsida is constituted by 36 taxa belonging to 34 genera and 13 families. Vegetation analysis shows that herbs are represented by 106 taxa, shrubs 35, trees 54, and climbers by 8 species. In Magnoliopsida, Solanaceae is the largest family possessing 10 species, whereas in Liliopsida, Poaceae is the largest family with 12 species. The study has identified 45 medicinal plants which are used for treatment of over 40 diseases including diabetes, ulcer, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, cold and cough, menstrual problems, blood pressure and urinary disorders by the local people. Some noticeable medicinal plants used in primary healthcare are Abroma augusta (L.) L.f., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Commelina benghalensis L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Holarrhena antidysenterica Flem., Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC., Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. A few number of species are also employed in cultural festivals in the study area. Cardamine flexuosa With., Oxystelma secamone (L.) Karst., Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet, Piper sylvaticum Roxb., Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers and Trema orientalis L. -
Trema Tomentosa Var. Aspera (Brongn.) Hewson Family: Cannabaceae Hewson, H.J
Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants - Online edition Trema tomentosa var. aspera (Brongn.) Hewson Family: Cannabaceae Hewson, H.J. (2007) Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 21: 89. Common name: Peach Poison Bush; Elm; Fig, Rough; Kurrajong; Native Peach; Peach-leaf Poison Bush; Peach-leaved Poison Tree; Poison Peach; Rough Fig; Small Poison Peach Stem Seldom exceeding 30 cm dbh. Blaze odour obnoxious. Leaves Stipules long and narrow, gradually tapering to a fine point. Twig bark strong and fibrous, emitting an obnoxious odour when stripped. Leaf blades about 3.5-13 x 1.1-6 cm. Flowers Inflorescence about 0.5-1 cm long with about 30-50 flowers. Perianth lobes 1.5 x 0.5 mm, Male flowers. © R.L. Barrett induplicate-valvate in the bud. Staminal filaments about 0.5-1 mm long. Ovary about 1 mm long, stigmatic arms spreading or incurved. Fruit Fruits about 3.5 x 3 mm, perianth lobes persistent at the base. Seed about 2-2.5 x 2 mm. Stone rugose. Embryo U-shaped, cotyledons much wider than the radicle. Seedlings Cotyledons linear-ovate or linear-obovate, about 5-8 mm long. At the tenth leaf stage: leaf blade ovate, apex acute, base obtuse or cordate, margin serrate or dentate with teeth all around the margin, upper surface clothed in +/- scabrous hairs; petiole, stem and terminal bud clothed in short, pale hairs; stipules linear-triangular, hairy. Seed germination time 15 to 113 days. Female flowers. © R.L. Barrett Distribution and Ecology Occurs in WA, NT, CYP, NEQ, CEQ and southwards to Victoria. Altitudinal range from sea level to 1000 m. -
Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species
Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian I Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor Dr. F.T. Bakker Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Overige leden: Prof. Dr. E. Robbrecht, Universiteit van Antwerpen en Nationale Plantentuin, Meise, België Prof. Dr. E. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. L.H.W. van der Plas Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. A.M. Cleef Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.H.M.J. Lemmens Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, WUR Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit. II Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 juni 2006 des namiddags te 16.00 uur in de Aula III Sattarian, A. (2006) PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen ISBN 90-8504-445-6 Key words: Taxonomy of Celti s, morphology, micromorphology, phylogeny, molecular systematics, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae, revision of African Celtis This study was carried out at the NHN-Wageningen, Biosystematics Group, (Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen), Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. IV To my parents my wife (Forogh) and my children (Mohammad Reza, Mobina) V VI Contents ——————————— Chapter 1 - General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Evolutionary Relationships of Celtidaceae ..................................................................... 7 R. VAN VELZEN; F.T. BAKKER; A. SATTARIAN & L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN Chapter 3 - Phylogenetic Relationships of African Celtis (Celtidaceae) ........................................ -
Amazon Plant List
Amazon Plant List The Plant list below is contributed by Dr.Christopher Dick, PhD who has worked in Amazonia for many years. Note that it is a working list and neither exhaustive nor complete. English Common Portuguese Common Plant Family Name Botanical Name Name Name Annonaceae Guatteria Envira-bobô recurvisepala Unonopsis guatterioides Myristicaceae Virola calophylla Wild nutmeg Ucuuba Iryanthera uleii Dead-bark Osteophloeum Ucuuba-amarela platyspermum Lauraceae Mezilaurus itauba Itaúba Persea americana Avocado Abacate Aniba canella Casca preciosa Aniba roseadora Pau rosa Ocotea rubra Louro-gamela Peperomia Piperaceae Ant-garden macrostachya Nymphaeaceae Victoria amazonica Amazon-lily Victoria-regia Menispermaceae Ulmaceae Trema micrantha Trema, Periquitinho Moraceae Clarisia racemosa Guariúba Naucleopsis Miratinga, Pau pica caloneura Brosimim Amapá parinarioides Cecropia Cecropiaceae Purple cecropia Imbaúba roxa purpurascens Cecropia sciadophylla Cecropia Imbaúba-torém Caruru-bravo, Bredo- Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca rivinoides Pokeweed roxo Epiphyllum Cactaceae Cactus phyllanthus Polygonaceae Coccoloba spp. Water-grape? Symeria paniculata Carauaçuzeiro Tetracera Dilleniaceae Water-vine Cipó d'agua willdenowiana Pinzona coriaceae Fire-vine Cipó-de-fôgo Caryocaraceae Caryocar villosum Piquiá Caryocar glabrum Piquiarana Margraviaceae Marcgravia Quiinaceae Clusiaceae Vismia cayennensis Lacre-branco Vismia guianensis Lacre-vermelho Symphonia Ananí used for cerol? globulifera Elaeocarpaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculia frondosa Tacacá Waltheria -
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Trema Orientalis (L.) Blume Leaves
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 11, Issue 5 Ver. I (Sep. - Oct.2016), PP 17-26 www.iosrjournals.org Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Trema Orientalis (L.) Blume Leaves. Jiji .K.N1*, Pramod.C2 , Boby S Prasad2, DR.P.Muralidharan1 1Department of Pharmacology, C.L.Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai. 2 University College of Pharmacy, Cheruvandoor, Kottayam, Kerala. Abstract: Context: Trema orientalis(L.)Blume is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family Cannabaceae. This common tree is widely used in African folk medicine for many diseases, for example asthma, cough, dysenteria and hypertension Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume leaves by in vivo methods. Material and methods: The leaves of Trema orientalis were dried under shade and then powdered, and extracted with ethanol by hot continuous extraction method using soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out on extract. The antidiabetic potential of ethanolic extract of T.orientalis (EETO) was evaluated by using Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Two doses of the EETO (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for 14 days. The blood samples were withdrawn from the retro orbital sinus on 1, 7 and 14th days of extract administration and fasting blood glucose levels were estimated. In addition, changes in body weight and serum lipid profiles, assessed in the extract treated diabetic rats were compared with diabetic control and normal animals.