FUTURE CLIMATE COUNTRY SUMMARY FOR AFRICA May 2020

Summary of FCFA work in Mozambique

Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) aims to generate fundamentally new climate science focused on Africa, and to ensure that this science has an impact on human development across the continent. FCFA’s research in Mozambique was conducted in the capital city, Maputo, by the FRACTAL consortium and led by researchers from Eduardo Mondlane University.

Maputo About FRACTAL FRACTAL (Future Resilience for African Cities and Lands) aimed to understand the decision context and the climate science required to contribute to climate-resilient Highlights from Maputo development in nine southern African cities (Blantyre, Durban, Cape Town, Gaborone, Harare, Johannesburg, City learning process focused on addressing issues of Lusaka, Maputo, Windhoek). The FRACTAL team aimed water supply, and water-related health risks within the to; contribute to an advanced understanding of scientific city. knowledge about climate processes, regional and local climate trends to improve understanding of southern Climate information for future water supply already Africa’s climate and work with decision-makers to integrate existed for Maputo, however the up-take and use this scientific knowledge into climate-sensitive decisions of this information was not evident in planning or at the city-regional scale (particularly decisions relating to governance. water, energy and food with a lifetime of 5 to 40 years). Learning Labs and an Embedded Researcher helped The project engaged with scientists, engineers, government build a mutual understanding of water issues in representatives and other stakeholders. Working together, Maputo. the researchers and stakeholders are co-producing relevant knowledge that will support resilient development pathways Eduardo Mondlane University, the National Institute of and enable decision-makers to better integrate pertinent Health, Maputo Municipality, and other partners co- climate knowledge into their resource management produced a web-based online tool for estimation of the decisions and urban development planning. risk of vector and water-borne diseases as a function of climate variables. City learning processes in Maputo The Embedded Researcher in Maputo In Maputo, the FRACTAL team implemented city learning The Embedded Researcher approach was adopted by processes through four FRACTAL learning labs. The FRACTAL to bridge the science-policy divide (most notably learning process proved to be much slower to initiate for climate science). An official from the city government in Maputo compared to other FRACTAL cities. Several of Maputo was appointed in a research and research factors contributed to these delays, including bureaucratic coordination role for the duration of the project. The procedures and the need for all engagements and products aim of this approach was to co-explore and co-produce to be translated into Portuguese. During the first learning knowledge, create and sustain learning opportunities to lab in March 2017, stakeholders identified challenges facing integrate climate information into cities, strengthen urban the city, prioritised research questions, and agreed upon governance networks, and sharing lessons between African cities and beyond. FRACTAL’s role in the research process. The City learning revealed that climate change information relevant to water supply was already available but was not being used by the Information distillation in City. Maputo FRACTAL identified some potential reasons why climate information was not being used by Maputo Municipality To provide Maputo with three plausible climate futures, (and other relevant stakeholders) for planning including; FRACTAL developed Climate Risk Narratives (CRN) for the information existed in institutional silos and there were Maputo. These three futures included: 1) hotter and drier, few processes to coordinate and contextualise information 2) warmer with no changes in rainfall and 3) warmer with for decision-makers and technicians. Based on feedback more extreme rainfall. Interestingly, the participants of the from representatives, it was clear that the City of Maputo labs expressed a dislike for the negative and critical framing required more coordination and information sharing across of CRNs while this framing had worked well in Lusaka and the municipality to put information into use, which the Windhoek. FRACTAL learning processes aimed to facilitate. At a water-specific dialogue, Water Risk Narratives were Subsequent learning labs in May 2018, October 2018 and developed to explore the issue in more depth and to May 2019, as well as two city dialogues in February 2018 consider entry points for climate change information, and September 2018 allowed stakeholders to explore water which proved challenging. The three horizons approach issues in the city while also establishing new interpersonal was used to unpack water issues in the (1) present day connections and networks. The city learning process in situation, (2) transition phase, and (3) future or goal Maputo was able to support the development of positive scenario. Both processes furthered understanding of water relationships in the city, and was effective in getting a range supply governance, the environmental and engineering of stakeholders to engage in solving issues around water. aspects to support a mutual understanding of the water It led to the co-production of an online tool for estimating system relevant to Maputo. Development trajectories (such risks of vector and water-borne diseases in the city, through as population growth) were identified as key constraints FRACTAL’s Small Opportunity Grants. to water supply, which is similar to lessons learned in all FRACTAL cities.

Building recipitivity in Maputo

The concept of receptivity was developed by FRACTAL team members through their participation in the learning labs of Maputo. The development and application of the concept was specifically intended as an alternative to seeking entry points for climate information among stakeholders participation in co-production processes.

The city learning process and the appointment of an Embedded Researcher enhanced receptivity in Maputo. The Embedded Researcher played a critical role in deepening understanding and engagement between the research and decision-making communities in Maputo, thereby building the receptivity of the City to climate information.

Maputo Water Dialogue 23 February 2018. (Source: D. Scott) Selected Additional Resources

Jack, C., et al. 2019. Climate Information Distillation: What is it and why do we need a framework? FRACTAL Briefing Note. Cape Town, South Africa Pretorius, L. et al. 2019. An Embedded Researcher approach to integrate climate information into decision making in southern African cities: lessons from FRACTAL. FRACTAL Working Paper. Cape Town, South Africa. Renaud, C., et al. 2018. Preliminary mapping of water and climate change governance in Lusaka, Windhoek and Maputo. FRACTAL Briefing Note. Cape Town, South Africa. Renaud, C., et al. 2018. Analysis of governance interviews in Lusaka, Windhoek and Maputo: Visualising the structure of the data. FRACTAL briefing Note. Cape Town, South Africa. Scott, D. & Taylor, A. 2019. Receptivity and judgement: Expanding ways of knowing the climate to strengthen the resilience of cities. FRACTAL Working Paper. Cape Town, South Africa.

Contributing Authors

Roy Bouwer, SouthSouthNorth, South Africa

Alice McClure, Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, South Africa

For more information, visit http://www.fractal.org.za/ or contact [email protected] or [email protected]

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Fractal Annual General Meeting 2019 in Cape Town. Credit: CCKE, FCFA

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