mSTORIC PRESERVATION GUIDELINES FOR THE §JF�CG1lFJ0 �ILJ]) IHIII§lr(Q)JRm(C J])1l§1I1Rill(clr Front Cover: Dr. Richard P. Daniel Residence 1120 Hubbard St,eet Historic American Building Survey

,. HISTORIC PRESERVATION GUIDELINES for the SPRINGFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT

JANUARY, 1992

Prepared By: TIlE JACKSONVILLE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT 128 East Forsyth Street . Jacksonville, Florida 32202-3325

The Honorable W. Ray Newton ED AUSTIN Director of Planning and Development Mayor

Bur.eu Th. proj.ct wa. financed in part with hi.toricpra •• rvation grant a •• i.tanc. provided by th. National ParG; S.rvic• • U.S. D.partm.nt of th. Int.rior. edministered through the •• •••• of Hi.toric Pra•• rvation, Florida D.partmant of Stat., a ••i.ted by the Florida Hi.toric Pr••• rvation Advi.oryCouncil. Th. cont.nt. and opinions .xpres d wilhin do nol n.c rily . mention of trede name. or commerciel products reflect the views and opinions of the Department of the Interior, the Florida Depertment of State, or the City of Jacksonville The City of Jack.onville. This program receives federal does not con.titute endoraement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior, Florida Department of State, or the and Saction 504 of tha Rehabilitalion Acl of 1973, the Itnancial e. . i.tance for identification and protection of hiatorie propertie•. Und.r Title VI of the Civil Right. Act of 1964 u.s. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the besis of race, color, national origin, or handicap in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have be.n d.scriminated egainst in eny progrem. activity, or facility as described above. or if you desire further information, plaa.a writa: Offica for Equal Opportunity. U.S. Departmant of the Interior. Washington, D .C. 202"'''

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACknowledeements ...... 5

.... Introduction ...... 6

Overview oft he Sprio&field Historic District

- History of Springfield ...... '...... 7

- Description of the Springfield Historic District ...... II

Directory ofArchitectural Styles

Frame Vernacular ...... 16

Masonry Vernacular ...... 17

Bungalow ...... 18 Colonial Revival Style ...... 19 Queen Anne ...... 20

Prairie ...... 21

Mediterranean Styles ...... 22 Classical Revival ...... 23 Minor Styles ...... '...... 24

Tools for LocaJ Preservation

- The JacksonviIJe Historic Preservation Ordinance ...... 26

2 - The Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission ...... 27

- National and Local Historic Di stricts ...... 28

- D esign Guidelines ...... 29 . . - The Secretary of Interior'sS tandardsfor Rehabilitation ...... 30 - Local Historic Preservation Resources and Suppliers ...... 32 . .

Maintenanceand Iq;habilitationof Historic Buildin&s

- Addi ti ons ...... "...... 35

- Doors and Fixtures ...... 37 - Exterior Fab ric - Wood ...... 39

- Exterior Fabric - Masonry ...... 42

. - Exterior Fabric - Color ...... � . . . 48

- Foundations and Infill ...... '... 49

- Mechanical Systems ...... 51 (Heating, Air·Conditioning, Electrical, Plumbing and Fire Protection)

- Porches, porte Cochere and Garages ...... 53

- Roofs and Roof Surfaces ...... 56 ......

- Setting (Fencing and walls, Par ki ng and Driveways) ...... '...... 58. .

- Storefronts and Signs . . . . • ...... • . • ...... 62 - Windows, Shutters and Awnings ...... , . 65

New Construction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' . ' • • • • e , • • • " • • • • • • • • 69

ReJocatin& Historic Buildin&� ...... 72 . .

PemolitiQn ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••e • ••ce. , ... 74

3 Appendix A: The Certificate of Awropriateness Process

,

- The Application ...... 77

...... - 'Documentation ...... 18 - Steps in Obtaininga Certificate of Appropriateness ...... 79

Appendix B: Glossary ...... '.' . 82

Appendix C: Resources for Resevchin& Older Houses andBuildines inJacksonville ...... '...... 86

Appendix p; Tax IncentiVesfOf Rehabilitationof Oualified Historic Buildines .....:...... 91

Appendix E: Ust of Historic Preservation and Neiehborhood Oreanizations ...... 92

Appendix F: Selected References ...... 94

Map 1.� ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Boun�riesor the Springfield Historic District

4 I I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Historic Preservation Guidelines for the Springfield guidelines and made many helpful comments. Production of Historic District are based on a report produced by Historic the guidelines was partially funded by a grant from the Bureau Property Associates, Inc. for the Jacksonville Planning and of Historic Preservation, Florida Department of State. Development Department. This report was produced under the direction of Mr. Paul Weaver, Architectural Historian with Historic Property Associates and included specific recommendations regarding proper rehabilitation, relocation, demolition and new construction in the Springfield Historic District. This report alsoaddressed specific architectural styles and streetscape features that characterize the Springfield Historic District.

Many residents of Springfield contributed to the'development of the guidelines through their participation in a neighborhood design workshop which was organized and directed by Historic Property· Associates. Springfield Preservation and Restoration,Inc. was particularily helpful in organizing the workshop, as well as providing numerous illustrations used in the design guidelines. Additional illustrations were produced by Mr. Rob Overly, A.I.A. working with Historic Property Associates. The Jacksonville Planning and Development Department producedthe historic district base maps, as well as several of the illustrations.

In addition to review by the staff of the Jacksonville Planning and Development Department, members of the Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission read several drafts of the

5 INTRODUCTION

ordinance when the City Council designates a historic district. "It shaUbe the fool0/ the City 0/ }ac/csonville to identify, document, protect, amipresene its archaeological, historic, The following guidelines explain the arc hitectural character of architectural, alUl cultural resources. Instilling- p�blic Springfield and provide standards to ensure the protection of awanness of those nsources shaUbe a part of that effort. " significantbu ildings and sites located there .

With that goal, City of Jacksonville in 1990adopted a Historic Preservation Element as part of its comprehensive plan. The element defines the City's role in addressing historic pr eservation issues and concerns. The cornerstone of the pr eservation programis enabling legislation that empowers the City Counci l to designate individual landmarks and historic di stricts and to establish a commission to review proposed physical changes to designated landmarks and districts. Each locallydesi gnated landmark and district will be established by or di nance aft er a public hearing. The landmarks and the boundariesof historic districts will bedesi gnatedon the official Zoning At las maintained by the City' s Building and Zoning Inspection Division. TheAtlas wi ll then be used to flag those per mi tt ed activities requiring review fr om the commission.

Three . di st ri cts in lacksonville--Avondale " Riverside and Springfield-- have been li sted in the National Regi ster of Hi storic Places. Accordingly, they meet the cr iteria for d�ig�ation as I� hi s!oric di stricts as defined in the City's hIstone pr eservatton or dInance. Design guidelines, which form the basis for determining the appropriateness of changes to existing buildings and new construction, ar e requiredunde r the

6 OVERVIEW OF TIlE SPRINGFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT

"IIINGFIELO STIlEET £LEVAflON HISTORY - SPRINGFIELD

' This historical overview of Springfield is from JacksonviUe s This land has been laid off in blocks and lOIS, wilh Architectural Heritaee.· L4n4marlcsfor the Future. Wayne W. broad streets and avenues running at right angles Wood. 1989. Jacksonville. Flo rida. Ihrough il. 418 feel apart, Ihus making lhe blocks 10 consisl of jusI 4 acres each, �hich can be subdivided 10 In 1823, the Spanish government validated John Hogans' claim suil purchasers. to the Springfield tract, known as "Hogans' Donation." It was purchased in succession by three of Jacksonville's most Great aclivity is now manifesled in' this prominent early settlers: William O. Dawson, Colonel John direclion,' some eight or len subslantial Warren, and Isaiah D. Hart. Although Hart sold the tract in dwellings. oflumds ome architectural design, are 1846, the original parcel remained intact until af.ter the Civil now being erecled. while lhe SlreelS are being War when 54 acres were carved out to become the suburbs of opened, graded and improved as fast as Hansontown and Franklintown . possible...

In 1869, halfthe remaining Hogans' Donation wasdivided and This place presents great advantages as a offered fo r sale by John H. Norton, one of Jacksonville's first location on which to make one's home. The professional real estate developers. Jacksonville merchant landsare cheap and one can secure ample room Calvin L. Robinson is credited with naming the new for garden and ornamental grounds for a small development Springfield because of "a spring of good water amount, which in our rapidly growing place, located in the field through which West Fourth Street would will soon greatly increase in value. It is high now pass (near Broad Street)." Norton's 1871 real estate guide andhealthful. None but respectable people can showed that development in Springfield had begun but that the purchase these lOIS as lhe lrustees refuse to sell population was sparse. 10 olhers... No olher suburban addition 10 the city is so cemrally locaJed or so contiguous to lhe business portion of the city. Sgring.tield Suburb Spring eld's proximity to Downtown would become a major This is a tract consisting of about 300 acres of fi factor later, but during the 1870's Springfield grew very high level land, jusl nonh of Jacksonville, and from the river a distance of about halfa mile. slowly. The first major construction was the waterworks,

7 located in the southern ofpart Springfield along Hogans Creek. 1893, there were nearly 100 substantial residences, mainly Begun in 1879 and completed a year later, the pumping station clustered along Main, Hubbard, Market, and Laura streets, between Phelps Street and Fourth became the major water source for the City of Jacksonville. Street. Brown's 1895 .B:wk of Jacksonyilledescribed Springfield as being "exclusively fo r In May 1882, the Springfield Company was formed by several white persons" with residences "of a superior character at once prominent Jacksonville. citizens. including S. B. Hubbard, artistic and ornamental." Thearchitecture reflected mainly the . Jonathan Greeley, and William McDuff. They acquued the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles, and a number of remaining six hundred acres of the Hogans' Donation, and these Victorian residences still remain, particularly along coupled with the extension of the trolley line out Main Street Hubbard Street. (then known as Pine Street), brought aboutthe first real surge

of development in Springfield. The streetcar line was built in During the latterpart of the 1890's, Cuba'swar of liberation 1882 from Bay Streetto Eighth Street by Mr. B. Upton, who against Spain attracted many sympathizers in Jacksonville. leased it in 1884 to Mr.G. A. Backenstoe. With visions of a Duval County Sheriff Napoleon Bonaparte Broward was a profitable resort at the terminus of the line, Backenstoe built a prominentSpringfield resident (and later Governor)who gained skating rink, dinner hall, and restaurant. When profits fa iled wide notoriety by illegally running guns and men to Cuba. to materialize, however, the line was sold to the Springfield When the U. S. entered the war in April 1898, Jacksonville Company. With the street railway serving Springfield citizenssuccessf ully petitioned the Army to designate their City

exclusively, the suburb's population grew to 356 by 1886. In as a staging area for troops. On May 22, 1898, the first train 1887. a new Jacksonville charterbrought Sp ringfield and seven load of soldiers arrived in Jacksonville, which became other suburbs into the City limits. headquarters for the Seventh Army Corps and a major training center during the Spanish-American War. Within two weeks To revive tourism, the Jacksonville Board of Trade in 1887 over 8,000 soldiers werehoused in a large tentencampment in ' organized"The Sub-Tropical Exposition ." Constructed on the East Springfield, between First and Eighth streets along Ionia waterworks grounds, the main pavilion was a grandiose Street. General Fitzhugh la, nephew of General Robert E. structure 325 feet long with exotic towers soaring as much as Lee andcommander ofthe Seventh Army Corps, christened it 100 feet above Main Street. Its opening n in 1888 was a seaso "Cuba Libre." Lee, who madehis headquarters between First . great success, but its popularity diminished over the next and Second streets, went on to become the military governor several years, paralleling Jacksonville's decline as a tourist of Cuba after the Spanish-American War ended. resort. Typhoid fever broke out among the soldiers within three days As a residential center, however, Springfield had arrived. By after the first arrival. By the end of June, with over 12,000

8 troops in Springfield , typhoid had spread to epidemic The next two decades oducedpr Springfield's greatest period of proportions. During June and July, 18 soldiers died of typhoid residential growth. By 1909, the neighborhood boasted a fever. Local leaders tried to suppress the truth about the population of over 8,000, �d emerging subdivisions such as disease for fear that the Army, along with its thousands of New Springfield and North Springfield pushed the free-spending men, would abandon the city. New regiments concentration of residential growth north of 10th Street. This arriving in late June camped in Panama Park, while 6 latter subdivision was developed by the Springfield Realty regiments arriving in August chose Fairfield. By the end of Company, owned by former mortician George W. Clark, who October the Springfield camp had been abandoned, but the at this same time was developing Panama Park. During this disease had spread to other cainps. At the peak of the period, the only paved street in Springfield was Main Street, epidemic in September, more soldiers were hospitalized in together with small sections of Hubbard and Laura streets. Jacksonville on a single day than the 1,662 Americans Trolley tracks lined with palm trees bisected Main StreeCs two wounded in overseas combat during the entire Spanish­ brick-paved automobile lanes, leading all the way to 12th American War. Of the soldiers stricken with typhoid in Street. Jacksonville, 362 died, as compared with 385 U. S. troops killed in combat during the war. Luckily, only about 60 local Over two-thirds of the residencespre sently found in Springfield citizens died from typhoid during the epidemic. were built before 1921. The houses constructed there from 1900 to 1920, were primarily of Bungalow, Prairie, and Three years later, catastrophe struck the city again. As the fire transitional Queen Anne/Colonial Revival styles. Most of the on May), 190I, burnedmost of the downtown area, thousands homes in Springfield were not designed by architects, but were of people escaped the blaze by fleeing to Springfield. Along simply concocted by their builders, often using designs copied a natural firebreak formed by the marshy area skirting Hogans fro m available plan books. Ironically, Jacksonville's most Creek, a bucket brigade of Springfield citizens helped to keep outspoken architectural theorist, Henry J. Klutho, chose the flames from spreading in their direction. The fire Springfield for early experimentation with the avant garde advanced beyond Hogans Creek at only one point, just east of Prairie style in several buildings on Main Street. Main Street, destroying Hammatt's Wood Yard. After the fire, reconstruction of the downtown section began almost Klutho also was involved in Jacksonville's abortive motion on West Ninth immediately and the building boom quickly spread to picture industry, building his own movie studio Stud�os at 27 st Eighth surrounding areas. Many of the homeless refugees decided to Street. • Preceded by Thanhouser � Komedies Studios at 32 East Nmth Street, relative tranquility of Springfield. A December Street and Klever move to the in operation Klutho Studios was the last Springfield studio 190 I article notedthat Springfield was leading in new suburban in construction. when it finally closed ,1922.

9 The development of Sp ringfield was barely completed when it nation's inner-city neighborhood s to decline. A local began to decline in the last 1920's. The Comprehensive preservation organization, Springfield Preservation and as Zonin, Qrdinan� passed by the city in 1925 classified the Restoration (SPAR), w founded in 1915 to counteract this entire Spring field section as "Business A," resulting in the trend. In 1979, SPAR successfully led a campaign to down­ depreciation of residential property values. City Planning zone Springfield, which became the first neighborhood in Engineer George W. Simons described Springfield's problems Jacksonville to change most its commercial zoning back to in May 1931. residential. Other organizations, such as the Greater SpringfieldBusiness Associationand SpringfieldNeighbor hood Many fonnerres idents, during thepast four or Housing Services, have greatlycontrib uted to effortsto restore fiveyears, havele ft Springfieldto live in other this oncepro ud neighborhood . In 1981, Springfield was listed areas wllere propeny is restricted. Tenement in the National Register of Historic Places as Jacksonville' s dwellers have entered Springfield and the second Historic District. With thousands of vintage houses, propeny, generally speaking, is depreciating proximity to Downtown, and recent escalation of property

and when this state starts its rate of progress is values, Springfield is destined to re-e merge as. one of rapid. Poorly placed business has sprung up at Jack.�nvil1e· s successful residential neighborhoods. " scattered points andwith eachnew business the sphere of effective deprecialion widens. There are still in this area many beautiful homes of old families and working people--homes representing a life time of labor and saving, which are constantly faced with the thoughts of adjacent filling stations or stores. Why shouldn't these people be protected? Why shou/�n't the beauty and distinctiveness of Hubbard Street, Silver Street, Boulevard, and . Perry Street, as well as that of several cross streets, be preserved?

A half century later , these same ills still plague Springfield, i hav ng been accentuated by the changing demographics and general urban decay that since "the 1950's has caused ou r

to DESCRIPTION OF THE SPRINGFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT

The Springfield Historic District, located just north of streets east and west. Most of the blocks have alleys, usually downtown Jacksonville, is composed mainly of wood frame arranged in an - H - pattern, although other configurations are residential buildings and a much smaller number of masonry found. A few streets retain their original brick pavers and commercial, religious, educational, and civic structures. Its granite curbstones, but the majority are now covered with concentrated physical development began about 1882 with the asphalt and have concrete curbs. Sidewalks feature both the formation of the Springfield Development Company and earlier hexagonal pavers and modem poured concrete seCtions. accelerated after the fue that destroyed much of downtown The mature tree canopy lend considerable distinction to the Jacksonville in 1901. Contributingbuildings in the district date neighborhood. Scattered throughout the neighborhood aresuch · from about 1885 to approximately 1930. The majority of the decorative elements as hitching posts, cast iron fences, houses are wood frame vernacular structures, but there are rusticated concrete block walls and carriage stepping stones, some examples of late nineteenth-century revival and romantic testimony to the area's turn-of-the-century origins. There is, styles, including Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and the Stick however, no great concentration of such elements. style. Twentieth-century types include Prairie. School, Bungalow, and Mediterranean. Some additional commercial andindustrial buildings are found along the northern and eastern boundaries of the district in The boundaries of Springfield arewell defined. Hogans Creek conjunction with the railroad lines, and isolated commercial lies along its south edge, and railroad tilles are found on the structures are found within the neighborhood. Schools, north and east. Boulevard defines the western limit of the churches, multi-family residences and parks are found district, where a later commercial strip abuts the earlier throughout the neighborhood. There are a number of modem residential area. Contemporary with the overall residential intrusions along Springfield's main commercial arteries, area are two commercial strips along Main and Eighth Streets especially Main Street. However, except for demolitions, the which join at the heart of the district. Thedistrict contains 119 residential area remains largely unchanged, with relatively little city blocks in an area of approximately 500 acres, or slightly post-1930 construction. less than one square mile. Hogans Creek separates the was listed in the National Register. it residences of Springfield from the downtown area. At the time the district older that contained 1 ,784 buildings fifty years old or , 1,686 contributed to its historical character. Of that numbe� The blocks of the historic district are laid out in a regular grid, The were classifiedas residential. Only 48 were commercIal. with named streets running north and south and numbered II great majority of buildings, were wood frame� and wood shingles. In many cases, aluminum, vinyl, or asbestos 1,595, 201 siding have been applied to the exterior of houses. One-story were masonry. There were 1,294 buildings of two stories in porches and verandasare common, andthere are someporches height and 10 three-story structures. The remainder were all one-story structures. with upper galleries. Thereare a variety of sash and casement window types. Masonry vernacular buildings are generally Contributing buildings were all fifty years old or older and brick or stuccoed and are either one or two stories in height. retained enough of their original physical character to Most of these are commercial buildings with fixed glass adequately embody the sense of time, place, and historic storefronts. Few exhibit any ornamentation. Their roofs are association normally required in establishing a historicdistrict. usually the flat built-up variety with parapets on the st reet These comprised 95 percent of all of the buildings in the facade. district. The non-contributing buildings were either less than fifty years old and lacked exceptional significance or were Although the majority of buildings in Springfield are more than fifty years old but retained little, if any, of their vernacular, many others embody styles or architectural original physical integrity. These buildings numbered five influences contempOrary with thedev elopment of � district. percent of the total. The influence of the Colonial Revival, Queen Anne, and Prairie styles is particularly evident. Other minor styles are The neighborhood did not experience a resurgence of represented as well. construction during the 19205, asdid other residential sections of the City, and the "boom" bypassed the area since much of Springfield was for a time the home of Henry John Klutho, the land was already occupied, except in the area north of Jacksonville's most influential architect during the first years Eighth Street. Construction was, therefore, limited to the of the twentieth centuryand its leading proponent of the Prairie occasional vacant lot or those sites where older structures had . School. The house he designed as his own residence in been lost or required replacement. Springfield was said to be the first in Florida to draw on the "modernist" architectural movements in America. There were 1,038 frame vernacular buildings in the historic district that possessed no discernible stylistic features, though Beyond its architecture, the Springfield Historic District has in certain casesdecorative the detailsmay have been removed other attractive physical features. Themost prominentof these in later remodeling. Most of these vernacular buildings are is the historic parks and structures which define the southern two stories in height, with a gable or hip roo f. The wood boundary of the neighborhood along Hogans Creek. ri n frame buildings that retain their o gi al fabric are generally Recreational facilities and parks constitute 30.91 acres of clad with weatherboard or novelty siding or, in a few cases, Springfieldor approximately five percent ofthe total land area.

12 The parks along Hogans Creek account for most of this SUMMARY: SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS OF acreage. Klutho (Springfield) Park comprises 17.47 acres and THE SPRINGFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT Confederate Park another 8.3 acres. Along the creek itselfare the balustrades and bridges designed by Klutho in 1929. The Setting: remainder of the greenspaces in the district is constituted by small neighborhood parksand playgrounds. I. Entrance defined by Hogans Creek Improvements, bridges at Liberty, Market, Hubbard, and Laura Streets.

2. Parks, monuments, and greenspaces embodied by Klutho (Springfield), Confederate, and Waterworks Parks.

3. Streetscape features such as brick streets, patterned sidewalks, tree lined streets, and granite cUrbing.

4. Gridiron subdivision layout.

5. Uniformity of facade lines, narrow front and side setbacks, with a very tight street edge.

6. Small lot size (front footage of 50' or less) and dense development.

7. H-pattern blocks with alleys.

8. Oldest, largest buildings concentrated at southern end of district.

and Eighth 9. Corpmercial areas concentrated along Main streets; other small commercial buildings throughout district.

13 10. Patterns of vacant lots: random, numerouson east side 9. Decoration: jig-sawn woodwork freq uently on porches, wh ere demolition, deterioration is greatest. eaves; brick corbeling on commercial buildings; exposed structural elements on Bungalow, Prairie style buildings; Characteristicsof individual buildings: patterned masonry on Prairie style buildings.

I. Height: 1-2.5 ·stories. Height generally uniform at �e block level.

2. Width: narrow, generally 2-3 bays wide, resulting in vert ical orientation of bUildings.

3. Porches: common; generally one-story, fu ll facade width, entrance porches.

4. Roofs: front-facing gable, hip, gambrel; secondary roof structures: dormers, cro ss gables, turrets.

5. Foundations: piers or continuous masonry.

6. Materials: horizontal wood siding; wood sh ingles; red and buff brick; some stucco; interlocking and barrel tile; metal roofing: embossed, crimped, standing seam.

7. Windows: double-hung sash; some casement; art gtass in Prairie School.

8. Styles and design influences: frame and masonry vernacular; Colonial Revival; Bu ngalow; Prai rie; Classical Revival and Queen Anne most common;

14 The H-Pattern Block is a common Urban Design Feature of Springfield. - _.. _____-=----�."--z=-: -: - _.... . 3

------_._--

Tight Street Edges with . Little Setback is another characteristic of Springfield. -.,

DIRECTORY OF ARCHlTECTURALSTYLES

Sf'fIItoIGFIELO STREET ELEVATION DIRECTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLES - SPRINGFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT

The majority of historic buildings in Springfield simple are popularity. Second, many older houses have been framevernacular structures with limited stylistic detail. Most • modernized·, resulting in a change of style. For ewnple, of these buildings are two story. with a gable or hip roof and many of the frame vernacular buildings may originally bad exterior walls covered with various types ofwood siding or certain stylistic features such as gingerbread and other shingles. Almost all of these strUctures haveone ortwo- story decorative trimthat were laterremoved . Also, during thefirst porches. However, many of thesevernacular frame structures quarter of the century, there has been a mixing of stylistic have certain exterior features reflective of a particular eloments resulting in fewer ·pure styles·. Therefore, care architectural style, predominantly the Queen Anne, Colonial should be taken when trying to date or attach aspecific style Revival, Prairie School and the Bungalow Styles. The few of architecture to an older house or building. A good masonry vernacularbuildings in Springfieldare primarily brick architectural style book such as A Field Guide to American or stuccocom mercial buildings with flat roofs and fixed glass Houses. by Virginia and Lee McAlester (New York, 1984) is storefronts. Seventy-five percent of the historic buildings in valuable in providing an explanation of the characteristics of Springfield wore constructed before 1921 with' the maj ority each style, as well as the period of popularity of thatstyle . after that date being constructed north of Eighth Street. Most of the architectural styles popularduring thelate nine teenth and ' early twentieth centuries are represented in Springfield including Bungalow, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, Mediterranean Revival and Prairie School.

The directory of styles, which immediately follows this page, is a general description of the major architectural styles found in Springfield. The glossary in theappendices define many of the architectural terms used in the description of styles. There are several factors that may affect the dating of houses or buildings basedon style. First many styles have persistedover a long period of time or lingered beyond their period of

15 FRAME VERNACULAR (1880-1930)

Frame vernacular is thecommon wOod frameconstruction of Characterktlcs: self-taughtbuilders. Thistype of architectureis theproduct of the builder's experience, available resources, and responses to 1. Pion: regular, rectangular. the local environment. Vernacular architecture predominates in Springfield. 2. FoundtJtion.· Pier, brickor concrete.

Frame vernacular architecture in the Springfield Historic 3. Height.' M) stories,'posl-1920 one Itory. Districts exhibits common featun:s. The ground plan of buildings is generalJy regular, rectangular in form , with the 4. Pri1Nlry exterior moterial.· horizontal woodsiding; less narrow side frequently facing the street. Prior to 1920 height . common woodsh ingles. was two stories, but afterwardsoften dimin ished to one story. Framing rests onpier foundations, commonJybrick or c::oncme s. Rooftype: goblt: hip. block. Exterior sheathing is usually horizontal woodsiding, either weatherboard or drop type. Rooftypes gable are or hip 6. Roof SUrfacing: sheet �tal, composition shinglts. covered with V-crimp or embossed sheet metalor composition or asbestos shingles. Brick chimneys are common featun:s. 7. Orrromenttllion.' simplt,· usUDlIyjig-sawn lWJOdMJrk on Windows aredouble-hung sash,either 111 or 212 light. Doors porches or around eaves; corbeling on chimMys. aree pan l type, and entrances areunadorned. One-story full facade width, entrance porches and verandas are common. Some porches have upper galleries, and frequently contain decorative features such as jig-sawn brackets, spindles, and other woodwork. Many frame vernacular buildings in Springfield exhibit at least some stylistic details. The most common influences are the Colonial Revival; the Bungalow, and the Queen Anne.

16 1740 Walnut Street Adelle Kennedy Brickman, courtesy Springfield Preservation and Restoration. MASONRY VERNACULAR (1900-1930)

Masonryvernacular buildingsare generally brick or stucco and are either one or two stories in height. In Springfield, most are small apartments or commercial buildings with fixed glass storefronts, dating fromthe 1910-1920period. Ornamen�tion is simple, usually cast concrete detailing or decorative brick work such as corbeling. are usually hip or flat built-up Roofs . types with parapet on commercial buildings.

Chanderistks:

1. Plan: re gular, rectangUlor.

2. Foundation: continuous or slob (commercial), brick or concrete.

3. Height: twostories (opartments),' o�-two stories (commercial).

4. Primary aterior material: brick, common or I'IIIIIfing bond,' stucco, rough texture.

5. Roof type: hip,· flatwith partlpd (commercial).

6. RoofSUrfacing: composition shingles; built-up, c:tIm1nercial.

7. OrruJlrltntat;on: simple,' usuallyC(J3t -conc1'tte or

orrranrental brick such as corbelling.

17 , '7 - ..... 7 '(f � -::.. -

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A & P Grocery Store. 1821-1827 Pearl Street Adelle Kennedy Brickman. ' courtesy Springfield Preservation and Restoration. BUNGALOW (1910-1930)

The Bungalow is a common domestic building style in Cbarademtks: Springfield. Theearliest Amerian Bungalows appemd in the 1. Plan: 18905, but they only became widespread after the tUm of the �gular, �ctQlJgu/Qr, IlSlIIllly oriented with tlu! century when plans began to appear in such publicabons as IUlTroW silkfacing the street. and ]be Craftsman. Bungalowscame in BunplowMiI&azine various shapes and forms, but small size, simp1ici� and 2. Foundation: brick pitr or continuous brick or concrett economy generally characterized the style. The Bungalowsin block. Springfield generally have a rectangularground plan, withthe narrowest side oriented toward the street. They have gently 3. Height: one story,' belwde�, tlW) stories. sloping gable over gable roofs that face the stn:et. A variety of exterior materials are employed including weatherboard, 4. Primary uterior moterial: horizontal wood siding, shingles, and stucco. There are often lattice roofvents in the shingles,' less �quent stucco. gable ends. The porches are dominated by short, oversized, tapered or square columns which rest on heavy brick piers 5. Roof type: gable main roofowr gable porch roof,: shed connected by a balustrade. Rafter ends are usually exposed dormers� quent secontlary rooftype; less .frequent and often carved in decorative patterns to combine structure multiple gable, bellWkre. and ornament. Wood sash windows usually have three lights in the upper unit and one inthe lower, althoughthere are many 6. Roof sUrfacing: composition, asbestos shingles. examples of multi-light S8�h or casement windows.

1. 011llllMnttllion: simple,' exposed stl1lCtUraielements (ridge beams, truss lW1rk, rafters, purlins); knees bmces; balte�dporch piers,· tapeml chimney!.

18 t ,�. \_: . ..' . ' ...... \.� ., '\...... • \." ./'...." ..J-!.:...... " •• � ',) \.,'--" .... �"�.���'" '" ' \, ; . ::', ...·.· '" . , 'r"'...... "...·:.�:f" t "".,-..1\..... '

2018 North Laura Street Bruc� Anderson, courtesy r Springfield Prese vation and Restoration. COWNIAI.. REVIVAL (1900-1930)

The Colonial Revivalstyle, which becamepopular around the Chll'ldeNtIcs: tum of the century, is prevalent throughout Springfield. In Springfieldit was stronga influenceon vernacular architecture. 1. Pion: regulor. rectangulor or N!ariysquare. The Colonial Revival style traces its roots to the 1876 PhiladelphiaCentennial Exposition, wheremany of the exhibit Z. FoundGtion: brick pitn or continuous brick. buildings sought to revive and interpret historical ·colonial· Htight: twtHlIId-oM-halfsloria. types. These structures were rich in borrOWed details, based 3. tlW) 10 largely on the classical tradition that produced the styles now known as "Georgian," "Federal," and "Jeffersonian." The 4. Primary txttrior mtlItrial: horizontal wood siding, major elements of these styles were symmetrical facades , shingles; Ius frtquent brick. prominent porticos, molded details in has-relief, rectangular windows with small panes, and fanlights over the front door. s. Roof type: hip,· hip donnen frtqwnt Stcondary rooftypt; gomb�1 roofon Dutch Colonial Rtvival. Colonial Revival style buildings in the Springfield Historic District areg enerally two to two-and-one-halfstories in height. 6. RoofSUrf acing: tmbosstd shttt mttal or shinglts,' Most are symmetrically massed and exhibit a tallhip roofand composition, asbtstos shingks. hip dormers, as well as a onestory fullfacad e entrance porch or veranda. One variant, theDutch Colonial Revival, features 7. OrtllllMntation: classicallydtrivtd--columns, baluslradts, a gambrel roof. Decorative elements include columns of modilliens, tkntils. EntrtlllCetktailing--transom. sidt!lights, various orders, balustrades, modillionsand dentils. Entrances ights, o�ntalMJOctKvrt--commo n. often feature transoms, fan lights, sidelights, plinth, fluted fanl pilasters, h�s, pediments, andother detailing. Windows are usuallydouble-hung sash with 111 or 3il lights, although there are some with lattice uppersash. Baysand oriels are frequent. Exterior fabrics include brick, weatherboard; dropsiding; and shiRl)ea.

19 � ... . -I" � .1- .) c­ C",

355 West Ninth Street Berend Brickman It Adelle Kennedy Brickman, courtesy Springfield Preservation and Restoration QUEENANNE (1880-1910) Chanderistks: The Queen Anne, the most picturesque of late nineteenth century American domestic styles, is present in Springfield, both in its pu� form and through its influence on ernac v ular 1. Pion: i�gular. buildings. The QueenAnne style is characterized by a variety of forms, textures, colors, and maroriaJs. The piers, brick. basis for the 2. Foundation: Queen Anne style can be traced to England, but it developed its own distinctive character in America. Uke the Colonial 3. H�;ght: nw1 to two-ond-one-hillfstl1ri�s. Revival Style, it was introduced to the general public at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia and was well 4. Primary ut�riormat�rial: wzriou.r: hori1.J}ntal wood received. It was widely publicized in illustrations and press siding, shingles. reports, and American architects began to employ the style, which reached its zenith of popularity in the 18805and 18905. s. Rooftype: muld-ploMd, gablemost common,· towers, gables, tumts common s�condllry roofst11lCturts.·, Queen Anne style houses in Springfield are wood frame structures sided with a variety of wooden materials, principally f. Roofsurj'tlCing: slwt metal, emboss�d.. cOmposition, shingles, weatherboard and novelty siding. Irregular massing asbestos shingles. of building and roof forms are hallmarks of the style as are extensive use of verandas and wood trim. Roof types include 1. Ortlfllllenlatlon: A Wlriety of woodwork, includingfinial, gable, hip, pyramid, and cone (for towers), and roofs feature pendants, bmckns, scrollwork, trusses, wrg� boards, details such as donners, taU brickchimneys and roof�ng. panels,· a WJri�tyof tatures,jishsca l�, othersh;ng/� s,' and The windows are usually irregularly placed, and although varltty of color. double-hung sashes are typical, there may be many light configurations, particularly in the upper sashes. Artglass is a common window and door material.

20 Dr. Richard P. Daniel Residence 1120 Hubbard Street Historic American Building Survey PRAIRIE (1909-1930)

Another important styJe associated With a number of buildings 6. Roof SUrfacing: composition shingles. in Springfield is the Pmirie Style. Jacksonville probably has

more PrairieStyle influenced architecturethan any city outside 7. OnUlmtmtotion: gelHMtric tktailing: lelllkdfJIlMs or the Midwest. The Prairie style house, which developed in the lights in windows; wrought-iron railings. grills,· column - American Midwest at the beginning of the twentieth century, capitals and comi�s,. ped�1IlS,· lascia; cast-metal owed much of its inspiration to the English Arts and Crafts brackets. Florid, Sullivanesque o�nt. movement. Horizontal lines,' low-pitched roofs , baRds of windows, and unity betweenhouse and landscape were strongl y emphasized. The architect most closely associated wi� the Prairie style in Jacksonville is Henry John KJutho, a native of Illinois, who moved to the city after the great fire of 190J·. Klutho introduced the style locally and designed the highest quality examples. His own home is located at 30West Ninth Street. Other local chitects ar borrowed the style andlied app it well into the 1920s.

Characteristics:

1. Plan: in-egular.

2. Foundation: continuous.

3. Height: two stories.

4. Primory exterior material: stucco.

5. ROO/type;low-pitched hip roo/with wide, projecting eaves.

21 '.

". .. � •. ! .

......

i Ii : :'r ...... : . . \ . , :;: : :; . i • :. : ;:::::'. :: : ::: . . . . . __ ...... _ . . [L, _ :: . :� ...... : �...... _ ...... ::.�: . . . . :: ...... : ...... _ . . ! � t. .... • .•.." ...... 1 VlI . C�ont\l.· i,f'\lutL-(?;.;

Klutho Apartments 1830 North Main Street· Linda L. Mark, courtesy Springfield Preservation and Restoration. MEDITERRANEAN INFLUENCE (1915-1930)

The roots of Mediterranean influenced architecture in Florida Characteristics: can be traced to the Spanish, S�ish Colonial, and Moorish Revival hotels in St. Augustine developed by Henry Flagler 1. Plan: irregulllr. and others during the 18805. Spanish and other Mediterranean influenced styles were popularized during the Panama­ 2. FountlDtion: continuous. California International Exposition at San Diego in 1915, and by the 1920s had swept California and the southwest The 3. Height: IlWJ stories. most importantearly tw entieth centuryMedi terranean building in Florida was Villa Vizcaya in Miami, which wasdrawn from 4. Primary aterior material: stucco. Italian precedents. One of the most significant architects associated with Mediterranean influenced architecture was S. Roo/type: hip roo/;flat withcurviiiMar parapet (Mission). Addison Mizner, who desigr:aed a numberof Spanish Colonial Revival buildings in Palm Beach, Boca Raton, and other 6. Roof suT/acing: barrel, French interlocking Iile. ' Florida cities. 1. 011UJl1lent(llion: plaster and terra cotta detailing

The Spanish Colonial Revival, Mission, and other highlighting arcMs, columns, window surrounds, Mediterranean influenced styles were among the most common cornices, andparapets,' wroughtiron grilles, balconies, and in Florida during the Boom of the 1920s. As a result, few balCOM'S. exampJes are fo und in Springfield since much of ' the neighborhood was already developed at that time. Identifying featuresinclude red tile roofs; stuccoexterior walls; straight or arched windows; iron window grilles and balconies; arcades; ceramic tile . decoration; and ornate, low-relief carving highlighting arches, columns, window surrounds, cornices,and parapets.

22 ..

. "

Springfield Presbyterian Church 207 West Sixth Street Wayne Rowell, courtesy Springfield Preservation & Restoration. CLASSICAL REVIVAL (1900-1930)

Ol7Ul11lentation: Classical Revival is an adaptation of classical Oreek temple 7. classically tierived;ful11ocDlk heightionic front and other details of either the Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian columns, baiuslrodts, msJollions, dentulous. ElIIranct

order. Its popularity in America can be traced back as far as detailing--transom, sidelights, 01TllllMntai woodwork-­ 1798 with the designs of William Strickland and, somewhat common. later, those of his pupil, Robert Mills. Its popularity survived until the Civil War and has seen numerous revivals since that time. Examples of the style in Springfield feature tWO story porticos with monumental columns that support a full entablature. A centrally placed balcony frequently appears at the second floor and cornices are decorated with dentils or modillicns. Windows are generally 111 wood double-hung sashes, and the main entrance is centrally placed with a transom. Exterior fa bric is either weatherboardor dropsiding.

Charaderistia:

1. Plan: regular, rectangular or nearly square

2. Foundation: piers or continuous, brick.

3. Height: . two10 two-a.1Il-one-halfslories

4. Primary exlerior material: horizontal woodsiding s. R«Iftype: low-pilCMd hip.

6. Roof sut/acing: embossed sheet metalor metal shingles," composition, asbestos shingles. .

23 The Paxon Estate 235 West Seventh Street Wayne Rowell. courtesy Springfield Preservation & Restoration. MINOR STYLES

elements characterized by a massive and robust quality. Tudor (1915-1930) Wooden decorative elements wereproducts of thepower lathe The Tudor StyJe is loosely based ona variety oflate Medieval and saw. A good example of this style in Springfield is the English prototypes. The American expression of the Tudor house at 423 East First Street. emphasized steeply pitched, front-facing gables which are almost universally present as a dominant facade element. Carpenter Gothic (1880-1920) Many Tudor style buildings have ornamental half-tinibering, executed in stucco, masonry, or masonry veneered walls. The Carpenter Oothic style was popularized in the United Uncommon before World War I, the Tudor became widely States, beginning in the 18308, with publications based on the popular after World War I as masonry veneering techniques designs of Andrew Jackson Downing, Alexander Jackson allowed even the most modest examples to mimic closely the Davis, and, somewhat later, Richard Upjohn. The major brick and stone exteriors seen on English prototypes. One of identifying characteristic of the style is the extensive use of the few examples of this style in Springfield is the houseat 133 sawn woo,fdetails based on ·Oothic· prototypes. The style West FifthSt reet. was closelyassoc iated withthe designs of churches, but it was widely use4 for houses as well. The best example in Collegiate Gothic (1900-1930) Springfield is St. Mary's Episcopalurch Ch at 1918 North Laura Street. The Collegiate Gothic is closely related to the Tudor and is Revival (1920-1930) derived from the frequent applicationof the style to educational Egyptian buildings, particularly those located on college campuses. The principal example of the style in Springfield is the Corinne An example of a rare building style in Florida is the Egyptian Scott Eleme�tary School at 195 1 Market Street. Revival Scottish Rite Temple at 965 Hubbard Street. Typically, it exhibits a s�, plain exterior finish. The (1880-1910) Eastl8ke walls incline and the windows are tall and straight-headed. Ancient Egyptialt designs are inlCribed in the stone at the Among the nineteenth century styles found in Springfield is entranceand massivestone eaglesstand guard at the comers of Eastlake which takes it name from Charles Lock Eastlake, who the roof. developed it. It features intricate wood details: porch posts, balustrades, verge boards, pendants, and other decorative

24 S«ond Empire (1880-1910) The Second Empire style takes its name from the reign of Emperor Loads Napoleon in Pranceand was popularizedby the urban renewal plans in Paris by Baron G�rges-Bugene lIaussman during the 18SOS and 18(,Os. Its major feature is the mansard roof, usually combined with a great variety of classical and baroque decorative motifs. The only example in Springfield is the City Water Wor� building at 1000 Main Street. . "': .:

._.. ...• ; ...... '1 - ,. �.,:.

Old Waterworks Building 1000 North Main Street Restoration. Linda l. Mack, courtesy Springfield Preservation and 2S

TOOLS FOR

· LOCAL PRESERV ATION

SPIII'G'ELD STIlEET ELEVATION THE JACKSONVILLE HISTORIC PRFSERVATION ORDINANCE

In the Historic Preservation Element of the 2010 taken to ensure that theordinance is uniformly andob jectively Comprehensive Plan, theCity of Jacksonville committedto the applied and that appropriate procedures of designation and adoption of a preservation ordinance. In the fall of 1990, the certification are followed. It is also incumbent upon the City City enacted the Jacksonville Historic Preservation Ordinance and the preservation organizations within Jacksonville to (#90-706-486). inform the public about the ultimate purpose and value of the historic preservation ordinance. It is not an arbitrary and The Jacksonville Historic Preservation Ordinance gives the capricious exercise of municipal authority, but a necessary City the authority to regulate physical changes to individual action to preserve the community's cultural, archaeological, landmarks and to buildings and sites within historic districts. and architectural heritage and thus to maintain economic and The authority of the City is derived from the traditional power social values. and responsibility of government to restrict individual conduct or use of property and to protect the public health, etysaf , and welfare. This power and responsibility are essentially left to - local goyernments and can play a significant role in protecting or preserving historic resources. The 1980 amendments to the - National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 encouraged local governments to strengthen municipal legislation for the designation and protection of historic properties. Through its home rule law, the State of Florida permits local government to exercise the powers of self government, subject to the constitution and general laws of the state. In the exercise of government to protect historic resources, the authority is generally employed in the enactment and implementation of a historic preservation ordinance.

Local preservation ordinances are the most effective method of regulating changes to historic resources. Careful steps must be

26 TH E JACKSONVILLE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION

The Jacksonville Historic Preservation Ordinance established recommendation requires only a majority vote. the seven-member Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission. The Jacksonville Historic PreserVation The second primary duty of the Jacksonville Historic Commission is appointed by the Mayor and approved by the Preservation Commission is to review development activities City Council. Administrative support to the Commission is affecting designated landmarks and districts. Thecommi ssion provided by the Jacksonville Planning and Development approves or denies applications for alteration, COI1\truction, Department. demolition andrelocation of individual landmarks Of buildings in historicdis trictsexcept for non-contributingbuildings (which The ordinance defines two significant responsibilities for the can be demolished without a Certificate of Appropriateness).

Commission: first, to recommend landmark sites and historic The commission uses design guidelines when reviewing such districts for designation by the C�ty Council; and, second, to activities to insure that the historic character of the landmark review permitted activities affecting those designated or district is preserved during the course of the development properties. activity. it �ssues a Certificateof Appropriateness, which is a final binding review of the proposed activity. A Certificate of After receiving a recommendation from the Jacksonville Appropriateness is required to obtain a building permit. Historic Preservation Commission, the City Council designates landmark sites and historic district� tn the consideration of historic districts, all property owners located within the boundaries of the proposed district will have an opportunity to vote on desi�nation after public notification and hearings. If a majority of property owners voting reject the proposed designation, the Commission cannot recommend the designation of the historic district to the City Council. However, the City Council can still designate the district by a two-thirds vote. For historic districts presently listed on the National Register of Historic Places(Avonda le, Riverside, and Springfield), City Council designation without a Commission

27 NATIONAL AND WCAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS ..

There are two types of historicdistricts: national and local. A review . from the Jacksonville Historic Preservation National Register HistoricDistrict is one that is selected under Commission. The boundaries of a local historic district may federal criteria and recognized under federal law. Listing of a or may not coincide with a district listed in the National national district is essentially honorary and does not imply Register of Historic Places. federal control or protection over listed properties, unless federal funds or activities are directed toward them. The National Register Program is administered in Florida by the Division of Historical Resources,Florida Department of State, and is coordinated nationally by the United States Department of Interior.

TheCity of Jacksonvillehas three National RegisterDistricts-­ Avondale, liSled in 1989; Rivenide, listed in 1985; and Springfield, listed in 1987. In addition to the limited protection from federal activities, ·contributing· buildings within the National Register districts may qualify for rehabilitation tax credits, if they are income pr04ucing. The creditsare explained in the appendix to this manual.

County and city governments create local historic districts through an ordinance. TheJacksonville Historic Preservation Ordinanceestablishes the authority and procedures for the City Council to designate }ocal historicdistricts and lan dmarksites. Each local historic district and landmark site is established by ordinance after property owner notification and a public hearing. Thelandmarks and the boundariesof historicdistricts will be designated on the official Zoning Atlas maintained by the City's Building and Zoning Inspection Division. The Atlas activities requiring will then be used to flag those permitted

28 DESIGN GUIDELINES

Design guidelines are standards that help property owners, remodelingor demolition not visible from a public right-of-way architectural review boards, and municipal authorities ensure may receive immediatestaf f approval. An applicant cana ppeal that physical changes respect the character of historic any decision of the Commission, using the undue economic landmarks and districts. The authority which profnulgates hardship clause in the ordinance or for other reasons. guidelines and regulates (", onstruction activities under them is known variously as a historic district review �d or The guidelines formulated in the following chapters provide a commission, or an architectural or design review board. In basis for evaluating the historical and architectural correctness JacksonviHe this authority,is designated under city ordinance as of proposed physical changes within the Springfield Historic the JacksonvilJe Historic Preservation Commission. District. They are intended to be practical and cost effective. They have been formulated through public input by meeting Whena historic district is beingconsidered for designation, the with residents of the districts, community leaders, the staff of City Ordinance requires the Commission develop a set of the City Planning and Development Department,. and the design guidelines based upon the United States Secretary of Jacksonville Historic PreservationCommis sion. The i,nputwas Interior's Standards fo r Rehabilitation and Guidelines fo r obtained primarily through participatory design workshops in Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. The Commission uses the each of the three National Register district neighborhoods. design guidelines to review an exterior changes requiring a building permit that affec t the appearance and integrity of a The workshops were the most important phase'of formulating designated building. Routine maintenance of a building does the guidelines. The intent of the workshops was to offer not require review. Activities subject to review are property owners and residents of the neighborhood a voice in demolition, relocation, alterations and new construction. If the the formulation of the guidelines and make them a part of the permitted change is consistent with the design guidelines, the process. applicant wi�1 receive a Certificate of Appropriateness. and may proceed with the permitting process.

Some alterations may receive immediate approval from the Planning and Development Department without a public hearing before the Commission. A Certificate of Appropriateness will not be required for any interior alterations. Exterior construction, reconstruction, restoration,

29 TIlESECRETARY OF TIlE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

The Secretary of the Interiorhas adopted a setof standards for 4. Most properties change over time: those changes lhal IuJvt rehabilitation of historic structuIes under federal programs, acquired historic significance in their own right shallbt including the tax incentiveproaram for rehabilitation. Property relilined andpreserved. owners should consider the following areas when formulating plans for rehabilitation. 1bose who are contemplating the s. Distinctive/tatures.jinishes andconstruction techniques or rehabilitation of a historic str'UCture under fed ri the eral tax examples of crafts11UlllShip thatchll racterize a' histo c incentive program should consult the State Historic propeny shall bepreserved. Preservation Officefor moredetails concerning eligibility and federal tax credits for rehabilitation. The following standards 6. Deteriorated historicfe atures shall bere paired rather than are general principles that the Department of the Interior replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires recommends . (or consideration in the planning stage of replacement of a distinctivefe ature. the newfe ature shall rehabilitation. nuuch the old in design. color. texture and other visual qualities and. where possible. nuuerials. Replacement of 1. A propeny shllll be usedfo r its historicpu rpose or be missing fe titures shall besubstantiated by documentary. placed in a new use thlllre quires minimal change to the physical or pictorial evidence. deji ning characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 1. Chemical or physical treatments• such assandblasti ng. that cause domage to historic nuueriais shall not be used. The 2. The historic chllracter of a propeny shall be retained and suiface cleaning of structures. ifapp ropriate. shall be preserved. The removal of historic 11IIllerials or alteration IIIIIknaken using the gentlest meansposs ible. of fe atures and spaces thlllchllracterize a propenyshll il be avoided. 8. Sig"ijicant archaeological resources qffected by a project shall beprotected andpreserved. Ifsuch resources must be 3. Eachpr openy shllil be recognized as aphysical record of disturbed. mitigation measures shall be nakenIIIIIk . its time. place anduse. Changes that create afalse sense . new of historical development. such as ingadd conjectural 9. Ne w additions. exterior alterations or related shall not destroy historic nuuerials that !e DlUftS or architectural elementsfrom other buildings, construction new lWrk sholl be shall not be·undenaken . charocleriu theproM rty. 17It

30 differentiated from the old andshall be compatible with the massing. size. scale andarchitectural fe atures to protect the historic integrity of the property'and its environment.

10. Ne w additions and adj acent or related new construction shall be undertak£n in such a manner that ifremo ved in the future. the essential fo nn and integrity of the historic propertyand its environment would be unimpaired.

31 LOCALHI STORIC PRESERVATIONRESOURCES AND SUPPLIERS

The Jacksonville Planning and Development Department companies carrying their products. Historic Preservation, ntains and updates a listof suppliers and products useful in mai published by the National Trust for Historic Preservation has rehabilitation projects. These suppliers and products are numerous articles on significant preservation projects and organized by particular features such as roofing products, initiatives from around the country, as well as highlights of windows, doors and architectural salvage. Although all are different organizations and individuals. The qu�rly consistent with the recommendations of the design guidelines, magazine also has numerous ads promoting rehabilitation these suppliers and products represent a wide range of costs suppliers and products. Back issues of both The Old House and quality. More detailed informationon proper rehabilitation Journal and Historic Preservation can be ordered. Copies are techniques is also available from the Planning and also available from Willow Branch Library, 2875 Park Street. Development Department. Particularly helpful is the series of The local neighborhood preservation organizations may also Technical PreservaJion Brieft published by the U.S. have back issues of these publications for review. A list of Department of Interior, National Park Service. national, state and localhistoric preservation and neighborhood

organizations, as well as selected references are included in Many neighborhood preservation organizations maintain and the appendices. distribute craftsmen referral list which identify contractors and craftsmen who have proven to be skillful and trustworthy in rehabilitation and remodeling projects. In addition to the craftsmen referral list, Riverside Avondale Preservation also maintains a tool lending program fo r its members.

A great source of "how to" information on proper rehabilitation is available form 17re Old House Journal, a . monthly magazine published by the Old House Corporation. The magazine is full of ads from numerous suppliers of rehabilitation products. Each year The Old House Journal publishes The Old House Journal Calalog which is a comprehensive list of preservation suppliers and products. Home offices of these suppliers can identify any local

32

MAINTENANCEAND RFJIABWTA110N OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Rehabilitation is a practical approach to historic preservation. a building's character-defining features while accommodating It is the p rocess of � or altering a historic building an efficient use. while retaining its hiJeoriC features. It represents a contemporary compromise between nmodeIina. which offers no sensitivity Theguidelines suggest prioritizedapproaches torehabilitation to the historic features ofa building, and restoration, which is beginning with theleast intrusive treatments. TheapplVlChes a moreacc urate but cosdy apprOach to repair, replacement, are as follows. and maintenance. 1. ldentificalion, retention andpreservotion of the fo rmand Under the Jacksonville Historic Preservation Ordinance, the detailing of archilectural materials andfelllll res tlullare Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation have imponant in deftning the historic cluJracter of the building. been adopted as the basis for rehabilitation guidelines. There are several reasons for using the Standards. One is 2. Protection andmaintenance of architectural materials and consistency. Rehabilitation projects in Springfield and other feat ures. historicdistricts which receive federal taxcredits' or federal or state funding will have to conform with the Standards in any 3. Repair of deteriorated architecturalfeatu res.

event. Time and money can be saved as a result of having a consistent set of design guidelines. 4. Rep lllcement of severely dllmaged or missing fe atures.

A second reason is precedent. The Standards have been s. Ne w additions tohistoric buildings. successfully used for many years and have resulted in a number of case studies. The case studies can provide Planning is essential to successful compliance with the background and context for property owners, city planning guidel,nes. The first step for a property owner contemplating staff, and theJacksonville Historic Preservation Commission. a rehabilitation project is toeval uate what is significant about his or her historic building. Analyze the components of the building Historic Under the Jacksonville Ordinance, application of the beginning with the roof or fo undation. rehabilitation guidelines will be limited to exterior alterations foundations exterior finishes, windows and doors, and roof forms shouid be preserved as of the rehabilitation plan. and additions to buildings in the Springfield Historic District. part or fea tures are particularly The priority of the guidelines is toensure the preservation of Stylistic decorative and materials

33 important. An applicant shouUi consult the description of the Springfield historic district or individual stylistic descriptions for reference or if questions arise when preparing an application.

Oncethe significantfea tures of a building have beenident ified, their condition should be evaluated. The guidelines prescribe repair rather than replacement as the firststep in approaching a rehabilitation. If repair is impossible due to severe deterioration, then replacement of the feature is appropriate. Thereplacement featureshould match as closelyas possible the original. The basis for replacing a feature should be physical evidence or documentation rather than conjecture or the availability of contemporary or salvaged material. Additions and new construction are the most complex treatments to historic buildings. They should be uridertaken only after less intrusive alternatives have been considered.

The Secretaryof the Interior's Standardsare general . Because of their general nature, they have necessarily been tailored to the local context. An analysis has been providedof the overall characteristics of the district, individual buildings, architectural styles, and other salient features. The Standards and their specific application to the components of historic buildings in Springfield are discussed in the guidelines detailed in the following section.

34 . ;

MAINTENANC E AND REHABILITATION . OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS . �'----'i'f9b1. � Q{:J E9ffL-=�

Sl'IIINGFIELD STII£ET ELEVATION ADDITIONS

Applicable Standards: 9 and 10 construction. The sizeand scale theof newaddition should be

. in proportion tothe historicportion of the building and clearly 9. Ne w additions. exterior alterQlions or related new subordinate to it. Additions should beattached to the tall' or

construction shall not destroy historic materials that . least conspicuous side of the building. They should be characterize the property. The new work slulll be constructed so that if removed in the future, theessential form differentiQledfrom theold and slulll becompatible with the and integrity of the building will beuni mpaired. massing. size. scale and architectural/eQlures to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment. A variety of new construction is permissible, providing Standards 9 and 10 are met. Stair tower additions to meet 10. Ne w additions and adj acent or relQled new construction egress requirements in commercial buildings, connector infill, shall be undertaken in such a manner tluJt ifre movedin the and greenhouse additions have all been found to',meet the . . fu ture. the essential fo nn and integrity 0/ the historic Standards. property and its environment would be unimpaired. RecommeDdations;

Additions to historic buildings are often required to make . projectseconomical ly fea sible, to satisfy fireand building code 1. Keep new additions and adjacent new construction to a requirements, to house mechanical systems, and for other minimum, making themcompatible in scale, materials, and personal or practical reasons. They are allowed under the texture with the existing building and surrounding district. Secretary of the Interior's Standards and specifically addressed in Standards 9 and 10. 2. Design new construction to be compatible in materials, size, color, and texture withthe earlier building and Additions should not· significantly alter original distinguishing neighborhood. qualities of buildings such as the basic form, materials, fe nestration, and stylistic elements. They should be clearly 3. Use contemporary designs compatible with the character distinguished from original portions of building and should and feeling of the building and neighborhood. result in minimal damage to it. Character defining features of the historic building should not be radicallychang ed,obscured, damaged , or destroyed in the process of adding new

35 4. Protect architectural detailsand features that contribute to the character of the building during the course of constructing the addition.

5. Place television antenna, satellite dishes and mechanical equipment, such as airconditi oners, in an inconspicuous location, preferably a side or rearelevation wbere they can not be seen from the street.

AHid;

1. Imitating an earlier style or period of architecture in additions.

2. Adding height to a building that changes its scale and character. Changes in height should not be visible when viewing the principal facades.

36 OOORS AND ENTRANCES

Standards 2, 3, 6, 9 Under Standard 2, significant features such as doors and entrances should be preserved wherever possible. Changes to 2. The historic character of a propertyshall be re and tained door size and configuration should be avoided. Replacement preservt!d. The remoWll ofhist oric materials or alteration doors should either match the original or substitute new of fe atures and spaces thlllcharacte rize a propertyshall be materials and designs sympathetic to the original under avoided. Standards 6 and 9. Stock doors and screen doors are inappropriate replacements. Replacement screen doors Should 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of be simple. Any ornamentation should be basee on historic its time, place and use. Changes thlll create a fa lse sense precedent and in keeping with the character of the door and

of historical development, such as adding conjectural entrance design. Aluminum, metal andjalousie doors should fe atures or architectural elementsfrom other buildings, be avoided. shall not be undenaken. Sometimes new entrances are required for practical reasons or 6. Deteriorated historicfe atures shall be repaired rather than to satisfy code requirements. Placement of new entrances on replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires principal facad es should be avoided under Standard 2. New replacement of a distinctivefe ature, the new fe ature shall entrances can result in loss of historic fabric and detailing and match the old in design, color, texture and other visual change the rhythm of bays. Under Standard 9, new entrances qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of should be compatible with the building and be located on party missing fe atures shall be substantiated bydocumenta ry, walls or side or rear walls that are not readily visible from the physical or pictorial evidence. public right-of-way. New entrances on the main elevation or ones that alter the character of a building should be avoided. 9. Ne w additions, exterior alterations or related new If a historic entrance can not be incorporated into a construction shall-not destroy historic materials that contemporary use . for the building, the opening and any characterize the propeny. The new work shall be signifiCant detailing should, nevertheless, be retained. differentiatedfrom the oldand shall be compatible with the

nulSsing. siu, scale and archilecluralfeatures 10 prolecl lhe historic integrity of the property and its environment.

37 . S Recommendations; . Adding aluminum or other inappropriate screen doors.

I. Retain and repair historic door openings, doors, screen doors, trim, and detailssuch as transom, side lights, pediments, frontispieces, hoods, and hardware where they contribute to the architectural character of the lJuilding. z. RepJace missing or deteriorated doors with door$ that closely match the original, or that are of compatible contemporary design.

3. Place new entrances on secondary elevations away from the DO o main elevation. Preserve non-functional entrances that are architecturally significant.

4. Add simple or compatibly designed wooden screen doors where appropriate. Ayoid; I I I I I II 1. Introducingor changing the location of doors and entrances I I I I I II that alter the architectural character of the building. I I I I I II 2. Removing significantdoor fea tures that can be repaired. 3. Replacing deteriora� or missing doors with stock doors or doors of inappropriate designs or constructed of lYplcal Panel Doors, inappropriate materials. SprIngfield Historic District

4. Removing historic doors, transom, and side lightsand replacing them with blocking.

38 EXTERIOR FABRIC - WOOD

Wood: Weatherboard, novelty (drop), shiD&1es and other Horizontal wood siding is the predominant exterior finish in wooden sidin&. Springfield. Wood siding is a character defining feature of framevernacular buildings and manyof the late nineteenth and

early twentieth century styles found in the district, such u the Applicable Standards 2, 3, 7, 9 Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Craftsman Bungalow. Important characteristics of wood siding which should be 2. 1M historic cIuIrtlCI�r 0/ propertyshall be retained and Q considered in its repairor replacement areboard Size, width of pm�lWd. � removal historicof IIIIIleritJIs or alteration exposure, length, and trim detail suchas comerboards. o//�QJum andSpilCes thlltclumlcteriu Q property shllllbe avoided. Probablygreatest the threat to wood siding is theapplication of non-historic surface coverings such as aluminum and vinyl 3. Each property shallbe r�cogniud as Q physical r�cord 0/ siding, stucco, andpermastone. Application of thesematerials its tilM, p/Qc� and US�. Changes thatcreate a/a1s� s�ns� violates Standards 2 and 3. Standard 2 states that the removal

0/ historical tkvelo�nt, such as odding conj�aural or alteration of any historic material or distinctivearchitectural /� QJum or archit�aural �lemenlSfrom DlMr buildings, feature should beavoided when possible. Applicationof non­ shali not be IIIItkrttkn. historic exterior finishes results in either the removal or covering of historical materials and details. Decorative trim

1. Chemical or phys;cal tr�llIIMnIS, such as sandblasting, thllt around doo rs, windows, and under roof lines is frequently caus� dl.lmag� to historic materials shllll notbe us�d. � removed. Detailing of the wood itself, such as beveling or su1fac� cl�aning 0/ structures, ifapp ropriQJ�, shall be beading, is also lost. Board width, length, and exposure are of the . generallychanged , thus altering thescale appearanceand untknoken using 1M g�n1ltst meansss po ible build�g. 9. Ne w additions, txIerior alterations or related MW · construction shllll notdestroy historic mat�rlals thllt Standard 3 states that historic buildings shall berecognized as alterations that have no charact�riu 1M property. � woltshall be produc&s of their time and that MW . Aluminum, vinyl, and di1f�renliQJedfrom the old andshll ll becompatible with tM historical basis shall be discouraged permastone are clearly non-historic materials and violate this tnQSsing, size, scale Q1Idarch iteClural/eOlUrtS 10protect the as well. historic integrity of the property Q1Idits environment. standard

39 Artificial siding alsofreq uently damages the fabric underneath. surface. Harsh thermal methods such as hand-held propane or It can trapmoisture and encouragedecay andinsect inf estation. butane torches should never be u5ei(t because they can scorch or ignite wood. Furthermore, despite manufacturer's claims, artificial siding requires maintenance. All materials have a limited life span and vinyl and aluminum no exceptions. Within twenty are Resommeodationsi years the finishof these materials will begin to deteriorate and weather, requiring painting, repair, or replacement. 1. Retain wooden mate rials and features such as siding, cornices, brackets, soffits, fascia, wjndow architrave, and In cases where artificial siding is already in place, its removal doorway pediments, wherever possible. These are essential is not necessary under the guidelines. An owner may retain components of a building's appearance and architectural the material or remove it. If, however, the material is style. removed, it must be replaced with historically appropriate materials in accordance with Standard 9. 2. Repair or replace, where necessary, deteriorated material that duplicates in size, shape, and texture the original as Abrasive cleaningor paint removal is another threatto historic closely as possible. Consider original characteristics such wooden siding and violatesStandard 7. Theproper method for as board width, length, exposure and trim detailing when paintremoval is cleaning, light scraping, and sandingdown to selecting a replacement material. the next sound layer. If more intensive paint removal is required, the gentlest means possible should be used. 3. Cleanwood using the gentlest means possible. Repair trim Appropriate methods include a heat plate for flatsu rfaces such andsiding before applying paint. Seal holes, caulkcracks, as siding, window sills and doors; anelectric heatgun for solid and treat for wood fungus. Remove lose paint using decorative elements; or chemical dip stripping for detachable commercial strippers, electric heatguns or plates, wire wooden elements such as shutters, balusters, columns, and brushes and scrapers. Hand sand to reduce paint layer doors when 'other methods are too laborious. differential.

Harsh abrasive methods such as rotary sanding discs, rotary wire strippers, and sandblasting should never be used to Avoid; remove paint from exterior wood. Such methods leave visible circulardepressio ns in the wood; shred the wood, or erode the 1. Resurfacing frame buildings with new material that is soft, porous fibers of the wood, leaving a permanently pitted inappropriate or was unavailable when the building was

40 ------( I r- p- r-- r- o 0 DO I.-. ill]] I I � I I I I n I I n 0 DO 0 E5 o

"'aln entrance with "dellghts Main entrance with sidelights Appropriate replacement doors and transom

D D B 0lJ1DI UJ]]] B3 DO

Inappropriate replacement door Appropriate Screen Doors constructed such as artificial stone, brick veneer, asbestos or asphalt shingles, rustic shakes, and vinyl or aluminum Wood Shingles siding.

, 2. Abrasive cleaning methods, rotary sanding or wire brushing, sand blasting or extreme high pressure washing (PSI of more than 100) or harsh thermal methods such as propane or butane torches.

Fishieal.

Overllpplng

Weatherboard Drop siding

Slwtooth

41 Staggered Butt

Clapboard EXTERIOR FABRIC - MASONRY

Masonry: brick, terracott a, concrete,stucco, and mortar. concentration of frame buildings, a relatively small percentage Standards 2, 3, 7, and 9 of buildings are constructed of masonry. Most of these are red

brick or occasionally buff brick.

2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and Masonry features, such as brick cornices or terra cotta preserved. The removalof historic 11UlIerials or alteration detailing, and surface treatments, modeling, tooling, bonding of fe atures andspaces that chliracterize a propertysh allbe patterns, joint size and color, are important to the historic ' avoided. character of a building. These features should be retained under Standard 2. 3. Eachpro perty shall be recognized as a physical record of

its time, place and use. Changes that create afalse sense The cleaning of historic masonry is a special consideration of historical development, such as adding conjectural addressed by the Secretary ofthe Interior's Standards. While fe atures or architectural elementsfrom other buildings, masonry is the most durable historic building material, it is shall not be undenaken. also the most susceptible to damage by improper maintenance or repair techniquesor abrasive cleaning methods. Particularly

7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that relevant is Standard 7 which states that the surface cleaning of cause dtunage to historic 11UlIerials shall not be used. 1he structures shall be undertakenwith the gentlest means possible. sUrfaCe cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undenaken using the gentlest meanspossible. Sandblasting and other abrasive cleaning methods are specifically prohibited. Sandblasting not only changes the 9. New additions, exterior alterations or related new visual qualities of brick, it damages or destroys the exterior construction shall notdestroy historic materials that glazing. As a result, it increasing the likelihood of rapid characterize the property. The new woti shall be deterioration of the brick and water damage to the interior of differentiated from the old andsholl combe patible with the the building. massing, size. scale and architectural fe atures to protect the Painiin3 historic masonry is another concern when planning a historic integrity of the propeny and its environment. rehabilitation. Owners frequently see ' painting as an ldi appear new. Masonry exterior finishes and detailing are important features improvement and a means of making a bui ng of some buildings in Springfield. In Springfield with its Thecolor of ,masonry, particularly brick, is often an important

42 part of the character of a building. In addition to color, the 4. Evaluate the overall condition of the masonry to determine bonding pattern, treatment of mortar joints, and texture are whether repairsrather than protection andmaintenance are significant parts of brick buildings. Where brick and other required. masonry finishes were unpainted,they should generallyremain so. Painting obscures detailing and alters the distinguishing ADld; original qualities o( a building in violation of Standard 2. It 1. alsoviolates Standard 3 because it is an alteration which"hasno Removing or substantially altering masonry features which historical basis. Under somecircu mstances, particularly where are important in defining the overall historical character of the brick quality is poor or abrasive cleaning methods have the building so that as a result the characteris diminished. . been used, painting brick may be appropriate as a protective measure. 2. Replacing or rebuilding major portions of exterior walls that could be repaired and that would make the building essentially new construction. Regmmendat10gsj 1. Identify, retain, and preserved masonry features that are Brick Patterns important to defining the overallhistor ical character of the building such as walls, brackets, railings, cornices, I I r window architraves, door pediments, steps, and columns; -- I • I I andjoint and unit size, tooling, and bonding patterns, I I I . I coatings and color. • I I Running Bond Cli nker Brick 2. Protectand maintain masonry by providingproper drainage so that water does not stand on flat, horizontal surfaces or accumulate in curved decorative features.

3. Evaluate and treat the various causes of mortarjoint . deterioration such as leaking roofs or gutters, differential Common Bond English Bond Flemish Bond settlement of the building, capillary action or extreme weather exposure.

43 Cleanin& of Masonry: or leaving chemicals on masonry surfaces.

5. Recommepdatjons; High�pressure water cleaning that will damage historic masonry and mortarjoints. 1. Cleanmaso nry only what necessary to halt deterioration or remove heavy soiling. Painting of 2. After it has been determined that cleaning is necessary, Masonry: carry out masonry surface testingdetermine to the gentlest method possible. Resomme°da,io"'j 1. 'Inspectpainted masonrydetermine to whether repainting is 3. Clean masonry surfaces with the gentlest method possible, necessary. such as water and detergents and natural bristle brushes. 2. Remove damagedor deteriorated paint only to the next Avoidj sound layer using hand scraping prior to repainting.

1. Cleaning masonry to create a new appearance, and thus 3. Apply compatible paint coating following proper surface needlessly introducing chemicals or moisture to historic preparation. mateiials. 4. Follow manufacturers' productand application instructions 2. Cleaningwithout firsttesting todete rmine the effectsof the when repainting masonry. method. 5. Repaint with colors that are historicallyappropriate tothe 3. Sandblasting brick or stone surfaces using dry or wet grit building and district. or other abrasives! Such methods of cleaning permanently erode the surface of the material and accelerate 6. Piint historically unpainted masonry only if it has been deterioration. previously painted or as a protective measure to prevent fu rther deterioration caused by poorquality materials or 4. Cleaning with water or liquid chemical solutions when prior. abrasive cleaning. there is a possibility of freezing temperatures. Also avoid cleaning with chemical products that will damage masonry

44 Avoid; Repointing of Masonry:

1. Removing paint that is firmly adhered to and thus Recommendations; protecting masonry surfaces. I. Repair masonry walls and other masonry features by 2. Removing paint by destructive means such as sandblasting, repointing the mortar joints where there is evidence of application of caustic solutions or high pressure water deteriorationsuch as disintegrating mortar, cracksin mortar blasting. joints, loose bricks, damp walls or damaged plasterwork.

3. Creating a new appearance by applying paint orother 2. Remove deteriorated mortar by carefully handraking the coatings such as stucco to masonry that has been joints to avoid damaging the masonry. historically unpainted or uncoated. 3. Duplicate original mortar in strength, composition, color 4. Removing paint from historically painted masonry. and texture. s. Radically changing the typeof paint or coatings or its 4. Duplicate old mortarjoints in width and in joint profile. color. Avoid;

1. Removing non-deteriorated mortar from so�nd joints, then repointing the entire building to achieve a uniform appearance.

2. Using electric saws and hammers rather than hand tools to remove deteriorated mo� fromjoints prior to repointing.

3. Repointing with mortar of high portland cement content ' unless it is the content of the historic mortar. Portland cement can often create a bond that is stronger than the historic material and can cause damage as a result of the differing coefficientof expansion and the differing porosity

45 of material and mortar. 2. Using a substitute material for the replacement part that does not convey the visual appearance of the remaining 4. Repointing with a synthetic caulking compound. parts of the masonry feature or thatis physically or chemically incompatible. S. Using a "scrub" coating technique to repointins tead of traditional repointing methods. 3. Applying waterproof, water repellentor non-historic

treatments such as stucco to I11a$Onry as a substitute for re­ pointing and masonryrepairs . Coatings can change the Repairing of ' Masonry: appearance, as well as deteriorate historic m�sonry. Recommendations; Replacement of Masonry: I. Repair masonry features by patching, piercing in or consolidating the masonry using recognized preservation Recommendations; methods. Repair may include the limited replacement in kindor with compatible substitute materials of those 1. Replace in kind an entire masonry fea ture that is too extensively deteriorated or missing parts of masonry deteriorated to repair, if theoverall form and detailing are feat�res when they there are surviving prototypes. still evident, using the physical evidence to guide the new work. Examples can include large sections of a wall, a ' 2. Apply new or non-historic surface treatments such as cornice, balustrade, columnor stairway. If using the same water-repellent coatings to masonry only after repointing kind of material isnot feasible, then a compatible substitute and only if masonry repairs have failedto arrest water material may be considered. penetration problems. Ayoid; Avoid; 1. Removing a masonry feature that is unrepairable and not replacing it, or replacing it with a new feature that does 1. Replacing an entire masonry feature such as a cornice or balustrade when repair of the masonry and limited not .convey the same visual appearance.

replacement of deteriorated parts are appropriate.

46 Stucco:

Recommendatio'l; I. Repairing stuCco by removing the damaged material and patching with new stucco thatduplicates the old in atrmgth, composition, color, and texture.

Ayojd;

I. Removing sound stucco or repairing it with new stucco that is stronger than the original material or does not convey the same visual appearance.

47 EXTERIOR FABRIC: COWR

Paint color is the most controversial treatment associated with Trim-Dark gray, dark bfQwn, olive green, dark red. design review in historic districts. Property owners are Door-Unpainted, varnished or grained. particularlyresentful of being told what colorthey may or may not paint their house. Owners seldom, however, paint their ColonialRevival buildings colors that would offend their neighbors. Body-White, light yellow, tan, medium gray. The Jacksonville Historic Preservation Ordinance does not Trim-Cream, warm white, dark green. require review of paint colors. The following advisory Door-Unpainted, varnished or grained guidelines areof fered to property ownerswho areinterested in . painting their building historically appropriate colors. Because of frequent painting, few buildings in Springfield exhibit Bunealow original colors. The best way to verify original colors is Body-Often unpainted with earth tones such as stained through paint analysis. Many books and articles have been shingles, brown or dark red. published about paint colors. One of the best sources of Trim-White, light yellow, gray, light green. information fot" buildings such as those found in Springfield is Door-Unpainted, varnished. A Century of Color by Roger Moss.

Ayoid; Recommendations: 1. Bright, gaudy colors or colors without historic basis. I. Choose color appropriate to the period and style of the building. The following colors are recommended for several of the major styles of architecture found in Springfield.

Oueen Anne/Late Victorian Period/vernacular

Body-Mediumgray, dark red, dark blue, dark green, brown.

48 FOUNDATIONS AND INFILL

2, 6, Nearly all historic buildings in Springfieldhave raised masonry Standards 9 foundations, either continuous or piers. Brick is the most common material. There are also numerous examples of 2. TIre historic character 01 a property shall be I't!tained and concrete foundations, including beveled, rock-faced , and preserved. The removal of historic moterials or tJlteration of fe atures andspaces thot characterize a propertyshall be coquina. In some instances, particularly on Bungalows, avoided. foundation elements can be an important part of the overall design of the facade. Historically, lattice, pierced brick, and 3. Eachpr ope rtyshall be recognized as a physical record of continuous brick or other masonry generally constituted infill its time, place and use. Changes thot crtate afalse sense between foundation piers. These infill materials protected the

of historical development, such as adding conjectural underside of the house, allowed ventilation, and, in some

fe atures or architectural elementsfrom other buildings, . instances, provided additional decoration. shall not be undenaken. In undertaking foundation repairs, the historic materi�s should 6. Deteriorated historicfe atures shall bere paired rather than be retained, repaired as needed, or replaced with similar replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires materials under Standards2 and 6. Non-historic materials such

replacement of a distinctivefe atul't!, the newfe atul't! slurll as unpainted concrete block, plywood, and stucco . should not match the old in design, color, tatul't! and other visual beused to fill raised foundations. Enclosures should belim ited qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of to historically appropriate materials under Standard 3 or a missing fe atures shall be substantiated bydocumenta ry, compatible new design under Standard 9. physical or pictorial evidence. Pierced brick and lattice are examples of compatible 9. New additions, exterior alterations or related new contemporary infill. Pi� continuous brick infill, a pattern construciion shall notdestroy historic materials thot of bricks laid with air space. between the end surfaces, can characterize the property. The new work shall be easily be added to a foundation, providing ventilation, dijfel't!ntialedfrom theold and shall be compatible with the continuous supportto thesill plates, and a historic appearance. massing, size, scale andarchitectu ralfeatures to protect the Lattice infill can be purchued in prefabricated panels and historic integrity of tire property and its environment. installed between masonry piers. Squarecrisscross lattice infill is also an appropriate infill material.

49 Foundation s and Infill Recommenda.ions;

I. Retain, repair as needed or replace historic foundations with matching materials.

2. Maintain open spaces between piers. Appropriate: pierced conti nuous brick Inflll 3. Retain, repair as needed or replacehis toric foundation enclosures with matching materials.

4. If foundation enclosures are missing, enclose with an appropriate materials such as .Iattice or pierced brick.

Avoid; Inappropriate: continuous concrete block Inflll I. Removing historic foundation enclosures unless they are deteriorated and irreparable.

II 1 -I -I I I I I 2. Enclo$ing a pier foundation with continuous infill that -. . . • • I Ir --. --. "l I I • prevents ventilation and destroys the openness of the � . . • • • . II --. -1 1 I I I feature. I • • • �'�• • rS Appropriate: wood lattice Inflll between brick pie 3. Using an infill material which is inappropriate to the style , of the building. I 4 Using historically inappropriate material such as concrete . -]j1=�·u�· �U:;;:'· ...... a.,:::1 -{:4-;-11 C....;11r] J block, stucco, or plywood as infill. ))00•••••• ••• 11 91;11 llB 'L.L••• 1 __ _ 1_._. Dr [J In I brick piers Inappropriate: wood picket loflll cover s

50 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: ' Heating, Air ConditloniD&, Electrical, Plumbing and Flre Protection

Applicable Standards: 5, 9, and 10 the wall or window air-oonditioning units should be avoided.

5. Distinctivt!features,jinishes andconstruction techniques or Fortunately, the historic buildings in Springfield lend examples of craftsmanship tlullcharacterize a historic themselves to upgrading. The raised foundations andgenerous . property shall bepreserved. attic spaces of most buildings provide plenty of space for duct work and new plumbing and electrical lines. Landscaping or as heat 9. New additions, exterior alterations or relalednew . fencing can screen exterior mechanical systems such construction shall notdestroy historic materials IIwt pumps from view. characterize lhe property. 71Ie new wolfe shall be differentiated fromthe oldand shall becompatible with the massing, size, scale andarchit ectural/eatures to protect the Resommendati9DSi historic integrity of the propertymid its enviro�nt. 1. Install netCessary mechanical systems in areas and spaces 10. New additions and adj acent or related newconstruction that will requirethe leastpossible alteration to the structural

shallbe undertakLn in such a 1IUl1UIer tlullremo� if in the integrity and physical appearance of the building. future, 1M essential/onn and integrity 0/ the historic property andits envirolJlMnt would be unimpaired. 2. Utilizeexisting mechanical systems, including plumbing and early lighting fixtures,. where possible. Upgrading or additions of mechanical systems are frequently a necessary part of rehabilitating a historic building. Careful Avoid; planning should precede installation of modem heating, ventilating, andair-cond itioning (HV Itr' " nther mechanical 1. Unnecessarily damaging theplan, materials, and systems. Insensitive installation ot m�lIanlcal systems can appearance of the building when installing mechanical cause significant damage to historic fabric and alter the visual systems. qualities of a building in violation of Standard 5. Installation should beacco mplished in the least obtrusive manner possible 2. Attaching exterior electrical and telephone cables to the and in the most inconspicuous location. Protruding, through principal elevations of the bUilding.

51 3. Installing vertical runs of ducts, pipes, and cables in places where they will be a visual intrusion.

52 PORCIIFS, PORTE COCHERE, AND GARAG�

historic integrity the property andits environment. Appliaable Standards: 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 0/ 10. Ne w additions andadj acent or related new construction 2. 1he historic c'IuJrocter ofa property shall be retainLd,and preserved. The removal of historic tnIlIerials or alteration shall be undertaken in such a mannerthai ifre moved in the of fe atures and spaces thot characterize a property shall l1t future, the essential fo rm and integrity of the historic avoided. property and its environment wouldfit unimpaired.

4. Most properties change over time; those changes that hove Full-facadewidth en tranceporches are nu merous and important acquired historic significance in their ownright shall be elements of historic residences in Springfield. Porches serve retained andpreserved . as a covered entrance to buildings and a transitional space between the, interior and exterior. Particularly on vernacular 5. Distinctivefeatures,jinishes an4construction techniq�s or residences, they are the principal location for ornamentations examples of craftsmanship thatcharacterize a historic and detailing, such as brackets and other jig-sawn woodwork, property shall bepre served. posts and columns, andbalustrades. Size, style, ornateness or simplicity, sense of openness, and detailing are all important 6. Deteriorated historicfe atures shall be repaired ratherth an attributes of porches. Such features should be preserved rep/aced. Where the severity of deterioration requires during the course of rehabilitatinga building under Standard 2. replacement of a distinctivefe ature, the newfeatu re shall motch the old in design, color, texture andother visual There are a number of common problems associated with qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of porch treatments. Owners are often tempted to enclose missingfe atures shall be substantiated by documentary, porches for additional year round living space. Although physical or pictorial evidence. porch enclosures are generally not recommended, they can meet Standards 5, 9, and 10 under limited circumstances. ·9. New additions, exrerior alterations or related new Transparent materials, such · as clear glass enclosures or construction shall not destroy historic moterials thtJt screens, that are set behind balustrade and structural systems characterize the property. The new lrork shall be and maintain the visual openness of a porch are permitted. difftrentiattdfrom thtold and shall becom patible with the Removal or encasement of significant porch fea tures or massing, size, scale and architecturalfe atures to protect the enclosure with non-transparent materials are not acceptable

53 treatments. Springfield. Much of Springfield developed prior to mass production of the automobile. As a result, porte cocheres and

Because they are open to the elements, porches also require garages . are not an integral part of the original design of frequent maintenance and repair. Under Standard 6, buildings located there. Garages were often added as an deteriorated porch features should be repaired rather than d afterthought and are frequently of insignificant design an replaced. If replacement proves necessary, replacement materials. Where they are less than fifty years old or features and materials should approximate the originals as insignificant, they can be selectively removed if necessary. closely as possible. If wholesale rephlcement is required, the new porch should be rebuilt based on historical research and physical evidence. If a porch or individual features of it are RecOmmendations; missing and no documentation or physical evidence is 1. Retain porchesand steps that are appropriate to a building available, a new porch design which is compatible with the and its subsequent development. Porches and additions scale, design, and materialsof the remainder of the building is reflecting later architectural styles are often importantto the appropriate under Standard 9. building's historical development and should, whereve.r possible, be retained. Extant porches which have previously been enclosed or otherwise altered are permitted under the guidelines. There is 2. Repair and replace, where necessary, deteriorated no requirement to restore an altered or missing feature. architectural fea tures of wood, terra cotta, tile, brick and However, if enclosures or other inappropriate alterations are other historic materials. removed during the course of rehabilitation, they can not be replaced. Moreover, new construction must comply with 3. If enclosures are undertaken, maintain the openness of Standard 9. porches through the useof transparent materials such as glass or screens. Placeenclosur es behind significant Changes to a porch which are over fifty years old may have detailing so that the detailing is not obscured. achieved significance in their own right. They may reflect changes in ownership or use, style, or improvements in the 4. Retain garages and porte cocheres. If enclosures of owner's economic weJl-being. Under Standard 4, these garages and porte cocheres are undertaken, preserve changes should be recognized and respected. significant features. Use materials similar in size, propo�ion, and detail to the original. Porte cocheres and detachedgarages are visible expressions of the impact of the automobile on historic buildings in

54 s. If additional interior space is needed or desired� place the

addition at the rear of the building rather than enclosing a porch or porte cochere.

Ayold; ., "

J. Removing or altering porches andsteps that� appropriate to the building' s development and style.

2. Stripping porches andsteps of original material and architectural materials such as hand rails, baJusten, columns, brackets, and roof decorations.

3. Enclosing porches, portecocheres , garages, and steps in a manner that destroys their historical appearance. Appropriate: porch PQsts are preserved

117 East Second Street Linda i... Mack, courtesy Springfield Preservation and Restoration. Inappropriate: Iron porch posts detract from the historic appearance of the porch 55 ROOFS AND ROOF SURFACFS

Applicable Standards: 2, 4, 5, 6, 9. historic integrity 0/ the property andits environment.

2. The historic charocter of a propenyshall be retained and Roofs are highly visibly components of historic buildings. preserved. The remolltllof historic materials or alteration They are an integral part of a building t s overall design and of fe atures and spaces thatCharocterize . a propeny shall be often help define its architectural style. Examp�es of avoided. significant roof features or materials in Spring�eld, include dormers; gambrel roofs; embossedor crimped sheetmetal ; and 4. Most propenies change overtime; those changes that have bairel or French tile. ocquired historic significance in their own rightshall be retained andpre served. Roof forms comprise an important part of the streetscape in Springfield. They create a unified rhythm with neighboring S. Distinctivefeatures,jinishes andconstruc tiontechniques or buildings. The most common residential roof types in the three examples of craftsmanship that charocterize a historic Jacksonville districts are gable, hip, or a combination. propeny hDs ll be preserved. Occasional examples of the gambrel and clipped gable fjerkinhead) are found in Springfield. Flat roofs with parapet 6. Detenorated historicfe atures shall be repaired rather than arethe universal rooftype in commercial areasalong Main and replaced. Where the severity of deterioration 'requires Eighth streets. replocement of a distinctive!eature. the newfe ature shall match the old in design. color, texture and other visual In planning roofrepa irs, it is important to identify significant qualities and. where possible, materials. Replocement of features and materials and treat them with sensitivity under missing fe atures shall be substantiated by documentary. standards 2 and 5. Under standard 6 significant featu�s and physical or pictorial evidence. materials should be repaired rather than replaced. If replacement of a deteriorated feature is necessary, the new 9. New additions, exterior alterations or related new materials should closely match the original. construction shall not tU!stroy historic lIUIIerials that . Roofs perform an essential function in keeping a building characterize the propeny. The new work shllli be weathertight. As a result, they are particularly sub!ect to di/feremialedfrom theold and slulll becompatible with the 11UlSsing, size, scale andar chitectural/eO/ures to protect the change. Some historic changes to roofs have gamed a

56 significance in their own right. Recommendations;

Many of the roofs in Springfield have been previously repaired 1. Preserve the original roof form in the course of or replaced. In Springfield the most common original roofing rehabilitation . materials were embossed or crimped sheet metal and sawn wood shingles. Virtually all of the wood shingle roofs have 2. Provide adequate roof drainage and insure that the roofing been removed and replaced by sheet metal or asbestos or material provides a weathertight covering fo r the' structure. asphalt shingles. 3. Replace deteriorated roofsurf acing with new material , such Where existing roofing material in non-original, there is as composition shingles or tabbed asphalt shingles, in dark greater flexibility. The existing roofmay beretained, replaced shades that match the original in composition, size, shape, in a manner known to beaccurate based on documentation or color, and texture. physical evidence, or treated in a contemporary style in compliance with Standards 4, 6, and 9. In reviewing 4. Retain or replace where necessary dormer windows, replacement of non-historic roof surfacing, it is important to cupolas, 'cornices, brackets, chimneys, cresting, w,eather keep in mind Standard 9. Even if the existing surfacing is vanes, and other distinctive architectural or stylistic features inappropriate, the replacement material must be compatible that give � roofits essential character. with the overall design of the building. Avoid; Rooftop additions are another common change to historic buildings. They are generally not suitable for smaller 1. Changing the essential character of a roof by adding buildings of three stories or less or for buildings with very inappropriate features such as dormers, vents, skylights, distinctive rooflines. They can, however, meet Standard 9 if air-conditioners, and solarcollectors which are visible certain conditions are met. The addition should bedesigned to from public right-of-ways. be distinguished from the historic portion of the building; be , . set back from the wall plane; and be placed so it is 2. New materials, such as roll roofing, whose composition, . inconspicuous when viewed from the street. size, shape, color, and texture alter the appearance of the building.

57 Roofs and Roof Surfaces

Gabl. I I Gambrel

r-

Flat

Hlp Clipped Gable

. Pressed Metal Sh ingles Flat Pantlle Barre\ l TI le

I Z / 2 Z Z Z

�nmnnClltlnn �hlnnlACI FrAnch SETTING

are character di Applicable Springfield defining features of the strict. Standards: 2 and 9 Brick paved streets, hexagonal or patterned sidewalks, granite curbing and st reet trees � important urban design features. 2. T1u! historic character 01 a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of fe atures andspac es that characterize a propeny shall be Historic fencing, garden and reta ining walls, and designed. avoided. landscape features add distinction to iadividual buildings in Springfield. Collectively, they form important streetscape 9. New additions. exterior alterations or related new compositions. Fences and walls serve to delineate property construction shall notdestroy historic moterials that lines and as a barrier to distinguish line between a yard, characterize the propeny. The new MITt shall be sidewalk, and st reet. Wooden picket fences of simple design differentiated from the oldand shall be compatible with the were the most common historically. Cast iron fencing of a massing. size. scale andarchitect uralfeatures to protect the pike or hairpin design was much less common .and was historic integrity of the propeny and its environment. generally restricted to buildings designed in the Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Neo-Classical styles. Retaining walts of brick or castconcrete block with pilasters and coping are also Setting is the relationship of a historic building to adjacent common streetscape features in the district. buildings and the surrounding site and environment. The setting of a historic building includes such important features Little if any original wooden fencing remains in Springfield. as parkS, gardens, streetlights, signs, benches, walkways, . Masonry retaining walls, particularly cast concrete in a rock­ streets, alleys, and building setbacks. The landscape features faced pattern with coping' and pilasters, are quite common. around a building are often important aspects of its character Thesefea tures visually link' individual buildings to each olh,er and the district in which it is located. Such historic features as and should be retained under Standard 2. Chain link ahd gardens, walls, f�ncing, fountains, pools, paths, lighting and hurricane fences have been·added to many lots during the last benches should beretai ned during the course of rehabilitation. forty years. Although the� IS no requirement to remove this As described in the National Register nominations, parks and type of fencing, it is inappropriate and should not be installed other landscape andstreetscape features are highly significant in the future on st reet elevations. It is recommended that components of the Springfield Historic District. Confederate existing metal fences be screened with shrubbery or plants. and K1utho parks and the Hogans Creek Improvements in

58 Under Standard 9, new fe nces and walls should respect distinguishing landscape fea tures that have traditionally linked traditional materials, design, and scale found in Springfield. individual buildings and districts to their environment should They should have a regular pattern and be consistent in design be retained. Incompatible uses of parks, and Qther historic with those found in the same block or adjacent buildings. design landscapes, should be avoided. Storage, motor pool, Round, hexagonal, and flat headed vertical pickets are most and other recreational support services should gradually be appropriate. Wood is the most appropriate material, eliminated in Confederate Park. The linear character and particularly for simple frame buildings. Split-railor horizontal overall integrity of Springfield and Confederate parks should board fences should be avoided. Cast iron fencing is most be preserved. Under Standard 9, new construction sho"dd be appropriate for buildings designed in the Colonial Revival , located unobtrusively and with the leastamount of alteration to Neo-Classical, and Queen Anne styles. Fences should be of the site and setting of a historic building. appropriate scale on street elevations. They should ' complement the building and not obscure significant features. Since the automobile did not exist when most of Springfield They should be no more than four feet on the street elevation was subdivided, curb cuts and driveways are uncommon. and six feet on side and rear elevations. They should also be Narrow lots and side setback are important characteristics of set-back from the wall plane on the main elevation. the district. Access to most buildings is through alleys located at the rear. New curb cuts, driveways, and parking on the Individual lots are characterized by small front yards with street side of residences should be avoided unless such features buildings set closeto the sidewalk and large back yards, where were associated historically with the block or surrounding ' parking . and trash storage are most appropriately located. buildings. In such instances, driveways with poured concrete Shrubbery is frequently adjacent to build.ings and sidewalks. ribbons or gravel is most appropriate. Asphalt or pebble Most residences have grass lawns bisected by rectilinear surfaced concrete should be avoided. Parking should be sidewalks constructed of poured concrete or hexagonal pavers. restricted to the rear of buildings. Garden ornamentation such as birdbaths and urns are common elements of yards and remain appropriate today. The historic pattern of lot organization should be respected during the Resommendations; course of rehabilitating a property. Garden ornamentation should be retained or added where appropriate. 1. Retain distinctive fea tures such as size, scale, mass, color, and materials of buildings, including roofs, porches, and stairways, that distinguish a district. Landscaped settings in Springfield frequently face develop�ent pressure as a result of proposed new uses, new constructIon, and expanded on-site parking. Under Standard 2,

59 2. Retain landscape features such as parks, garden!, street 1. Destroying the relationship between buildings and their lights, signs, benches, walkways, streets, alleys, and setting by widening historic streets, changing paving setbacks that have traditionally linked buildings to their material, or introducing inappropriately located new streets environment. andparking lots thatare incompatiblewith thecharacter of the neighborhood. 3. Use new plant materials. fen cing. walkways, streetlights, signs, and benches that arecompatible withthe characterof 3. Signs, streetIighting, benches, new plant materials, the neighborhood in size, scale, materials, and color. fencing, walkways, and paving materials, such as asphalt and pebble, that areout of scale or areinappropriate to the 4. Identify and retain plants, trees, fencing, walkways, street neighborhood. lighting, signs, and benches that reflecta property's history and development. 4. Changes to the appearance of a building site such as removing historic plants, trees, fencing, walkways, s. Basenew sitework on documentationor physicalevide nce. outbuildings, and other features before evaluating their A void conjectural changes to the site. importance.

6. Remove or trim plants and trees in close proximity to the building that may cause deterioration of historic fabric.

7. Provide proper site and roofdrainage to assure that water does not splash against building or foundation walls, nor drain toward the building.

8. Landscape to provide shade, privacy, screening of non­ historic fea tures, and erosion control.

Avoid; 1. New construction that is incompatible with the district because �f its size, scale, and materials.

60 Fencing and Walls: Parking and Driveways:

Recommendations: Recommendations;

I. Retain and repair existing historic fencing and walls. 1. Useexisting alleys to provide access to buildings.

2. Construct new front-yard fences of vertical pickets in 2. Limit parking to the rear or side of buildings. simple designs, especially on frame vernacular buildings. Limit cast iron fencing to high-styled buildings such as 3. Construct new curb cuts and street side driveways' only in Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Neo-Classical. areas where they existed historically.

3. Design new fences of appropriate scale on visible main and 4. Useappropriate materials for driveways such as gravel or side elevations. Limit height on street-sideelevation to four concrete poured in ribbons. feet. Wooden, vertical board (stockade) privacy fences up to six feet in height are appropriate on side and rear Avoid: elevations. Recess privacy fences from the wall plane on . the street-side elevation. 1. New curb cuts and driveways that break the solid street edge of Springfield.. 4. Screen existing chain link and hurricane fences with plants and shrubbery. 2. Parking on the front side of blJildings unless curb cuts, driveways, and parking space already exist. Avoid; 3. Asphalt, pebble surfaced concrete, or other non-historic 1. Removing historic fences and walls. paving materials.

2. Cinder block,ornate iron or wooden , rough cedar,post and rail, chain link or hurricane fences.

3. Fences of inappropriate scale that obscure the overall design of a building and its individual features.

61 STOREFRONTS

Appliable Standards: 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 also sometimes found on buildings scattered throughout the neighborhood, particularly corner groceries. 2. 1he historic character of a propertyshall be retaiMd and preserwd. The removal of historic moIerials or alteration Storefronts freq uently define the historic character of of fe atures and spaces that characterize a property shilll be commercial buildings. Entrances, display windows, tri m, kick avoided. plates, elaborate cornices, and decorative detailing are particularly important. Placement of entrances and windows 4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have cancreate a distinct rhythm on thefacad e of a building. When acquired historic significance in their own right shall be rehabilitatinga storefront, such features, materials, and design retained andpresenwl. elements should beretained and repaired under Standards 2 and 6. 6. Deteriorated historicfe atures shall be repaired rather than replaced. M1ere the severity of deterioration requires Unfortunately, storefronts have been particularly subject to replacement of a distinctivefe mure, the newfe ature shall alteration. This was especially true in Jacksonville and other match the old in design, color, texture andother visual Florida ciiie� during the 19505 and 19605, when rapid growth qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of and economic prosperity led to freq uent remodelingor removal missing fe atures shall be substantiated by documentary, of historic storefronts. Under these circumstances, two options physical or pictorial evidence. are available to a property owner. Where original or early storefronts no longer exist or are too deteriorated to save. 9. Ne w additions, exterior alterations or related new retain the commercial character of the building through construction shall not destroy historic materials lhat contemporary design which is compatible with the scale, characterize the property. 1ht new ,""ric shall be design, materials, colorand textureof the historic buildings in differentiatedfrom the old andshall be compatible with the accordance with Standard 9; ,or restore the storefront based on mtlSsing, size, scale and architecturalfeatures to protectthe historical research and physical evidence in accordance with historic integrity of the property and its environment. Standard 6.

Storefronts are a common feature of commercial buildings Sometimes altered storefronts, if the alteration is at leastfifty along Main and Eighth Streets in Springfield. Given the years old, can be significant. Standard 4 then applies. A non­ mixed-use nature of the Springfield Historic District, they are original storefront can have significance if it was constructed

62 within the period of signiticance of the district and if at least with the view of the facades of adjoining buildings. Sign one of the fol lowing is fulfilled: panels should be square or rectangular and flush mounted. Block style lettering is most appropriate. 1. Exhibits high quality workmanship; Recommendations; 2. Shows evidence of being tksigned by an architect; 1. Retain and repair existing storefronts, including windows, 3. Is constructed of significant marerials; sash, doors, transoms, signage, and decorative features where such features contribute to the architectural and 4. Is a good examples of a particular style; historic character of the building.

S. Hasfe atures whose design . scale. and detailing are 2. Where original or early storefronts no longer exist or are compatible with rest of the building. too deteriorated to save, retain the commercial character of the building through contemporary design which is Signs are an jmportant component of storefront architecture. compatible with the scale, design, materials, color and Their purpose is provide information about the location and texture of the historic buildings; or an accurate restoration type of business housed in a building. Latge signs are of the storefront based on historical research and physical appropriate for highway strip development where customers evidence. pass businesses at high rates of speed. They are inappropriate fo r historic buildings along Main Street, where traffic flow is Avoid; slower and the orientation andsetback of buildings make them difficult to read . 1. Introducing a storefront or new design element on the ground floor, such as an arcade, which alters the Factors to consider in selecting a sign are its legibility, clarity, architectural and historic character of the building and its placement, durability" and appropriateness to the size and scale relationship with the street or its setting or which causes of building. Signs should be simple in keeping with the destruction of significant historic fabric. character of the buildings in Springfield. Appropriate locations are the flat unadorned parts of a facade such as the glass of 2. Usi,llg materials which detract from the historic or storefronts, awning flaps, masonry surfaces, and cornicefa scia architectural character of a building. panel. Signs should not obscure architectural detailing such as Altering the entrance through a significant storefront. windows, cornice detailsor storefronts and should not interfere 3.

63 Signs:

Recommendations; Ayoid;

I. Locate sign on the flat, unadorned parts of a facade, such 1. Ornate signs or signs based on architectural styles as show windows, awning flapl, masonry surface, and inappropriate to the commercial architecture of Springfield. frieze. 2. Signs that obscure architectural details such as windows, 2. Usesimple designs and lettering such a block-style and cornice, decorative brickwork, and storefronts. serif style, painted in high contrast to the sign pane) color. 3. Signs should not interfere with sigbt lines of adjoining 3. Sign panels should be square or �tangular and flush buildings. mounted.

1700 Block of Main Street

. ., ...

••

- 64 WINDOWSIA WNINGS/SHUTTERS

Applicable Standards: 1, 3, 6, 9 The placement, design, and materials of windows is often a significant part of the architectural character of a building. In 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and Springfield, historic windows are generally double-hung sash preserved. The removal of historic mtlIerials or alteration in a III, 2/2, or multi-Iightll pattern, or wooden or steel of fe atures and spaces that characterize a property shall be . casement. Windows in the district are often important stylistic avoided. elements, such as multi-light upper sash in Bungalows� Art­ Olass in the Prairie School, and round arch in Mediterranean 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of influenced styles. Non-historic windows include awning, its , time, place and use. Changes that create a fa lse sense jalousie, and pivot types. of historical development, such as adding conjectural fe atures or architectural elements fr om ot her buildings, Under Standard 2, the visual role of historic window design shall not be undenaken. and its detailing or craftsmanship should be carefully considered in planning window repairor replacement. Factors 6. Deteriorated historicfe atures shall bere paired rather than to consider are the size and number of historic windows in replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires relationship to a wall surface and their pattern of repetition; rep lacement of a distinctivefe ature, the newfe ature shall their overall design and detailing; their proximity to ground match the old in design, color, texture and other visual level and key entrances; and their visibility particularly on key qualities and, where possible, mtlIerials. Replacement of elevations. missing fe Olures shall be substantiated by documentary, physical or pictorial evidence. Whether to repair or replace windows is an issue that can pose considerable problems in a rehabilitation. Distinctive windows 9. Ne w additions, aterior alterations or re lated new that are a signifi�t part of the over all design of a building construction shall not destroy historic 11UlIeriais that should not be destroyed under Standard 6. Careful repair is characterize the property. The new work shall be the preferred approach. If repair is not technically or differemiated from the old and shall be compatible with the economjcally feas ible, new windows that match the original in massing, size, scale and architecturalfeatures to protect the size, general muntin/mullion configuration , and reflective for missing or irreparable historic integrity of the propeny and its environment. qualities may be substituted windows.

65 Owners often wish to replace windows to create a new look, replacement of windows is allowable. When choosing for energyef ficiency, todec rease maintenancecosts or �use replacements, the qualities of the original windows should be of problems operating existing units. Tinted wmdows, used as criteria. Consider the following features of the windows with high reflective qualities, or stock windows of original: incompatible design and materials often result from such an 1. trim detail,' approach and conflict with Standards 3, 6, and 9. •

Window design to enhance appearancenot is permissibleunder 2. size, shope of .frame, sash,' the standards. The proper procedure is to improve existing windows first. Weather stripping and other energy 3. location of �eting rail,' conservation methods should be employed. If after careful evaluation, window frames and sash are so deteriorated they 4. re�al or setback of windowfrom wall plaM,' need replacement, they should beduplicated in accordance with Standard 6. 5. separate planes of two sash; '.

Thefo llowing steps are recommended for evaluating historic 6. color, reflecti� qualities of glass. windows. First, analyze their significance to the building. Consider their size, shape, color,and detai ling . . Then consider 1. muntin, mullion profiles, configuration. the condition of the window. Inspect the sill, frame, sash, paint and wood surface, hardware, weatherstripping, stops, If these criteria are fulfilled, the new windows need not be trim, operability, and glazing. Then , establish repair and exact replicas of the originals. The Standardsfu rther permit replacement needs for existing windows. new windows to be constructed of non-historic materials such as aluminumand atint of up to 10". Of course, matching the If following careful evaluation, window frames are original materials and visual qualities is always preferable. deteriorated, 'then they can be replaced. Replacement windows must be selected with care. They should match the In general, changes to window openings should be avoided. original sash, pane size, configuration, glaz ing, muntin The rhythm of window and dooropenings is an important part detailing, and profile. Small differences betweenreplacement of the character of buildings in Springfield. In some instances, and historic windows can make big differences in appearance. new window or door openings may be required to fulfillcode requirements or for practical needs. New openings should be If 50" or more are deteriorated or missing, then wholesale located on non-significant walls. For commercial buildings

66 thesewould becomm on or party wallsor secondary elevations. awnings are most appropriate for flat headed windows and For residential buildings, thesewould beside or rearwalls not storefronts. Fiberglass and metal awnings and awnings that readily visible from a main thoroughfare. obscure significantdetailing are inappropriate.

Shutters Resooynepdatiogsi

Original shutters in Springfield are tare . Under Standard 3, 1. Retain and repair window openings, frames, sash , glass, unless there is physical or documentary evidence of their lintels, sills, pediments, architraves, hardware, awnings existence, shutters should not be mounted. If shutters are and shutters where they contribute tothe arch,itecturai and found to be appropriate, they should beoperable or appearto historic character buildingof the . beoperable and measure the full height and one-halfthe width of the window frame. Theyshould be attached tothewindow 2. Improve the thermal performance of existing windows and casing rather than the exterior finish material. Wooden doors through adding or replacing weatherstripping and shutters with horizonal louvers are the preferred type. Metal adding storm windows which are compatible with the and vinyl types should be avoided. character of the building and which do not damage window frames. Awnin&s missing or irreparablewindows on significant " 3. Replace Canvas awnings were sometimes featured on buildings in elevations with new windows that match the original in Springfield, particularly many of the Mediterranean styled material, size, general muntin and mullion proportion and buildings, Bungalows, and commercial buildings. They are configuration, andreflective qualities ofthe glass. functional, decorative, and appropriate to the many of the buildings in the district. Standard 3 should be considered 4. Install awnings that are historically appropriate to the when awnings are proposed as part of a rehabilitation plan. style of thebuilding or thatare of compatiblecontemporary Under the Standard, awnings should beappropriate tothe style design. Awningsshould follow the linesof window or door . or type of building being rehabilitated. opCning they are intended tocover .

Under Standard 9, new awnings should be of compatible • contemporary design. They should follow the lines of the Ayold; window opening. Round or bell shaped are appropriate for 1. Introducing or changing the location or size of windows, Mediterranean styled buildings. Angled, rectangular canvas andother openings that alter the architectural and historic

67 .8. Installing metalor fiber-glass awnings. character of a building.

2. Replacing window features on significant facades with 9. Installing awnings that obscure architecturally significant historicallyand architecturally incompatible materials such detailing or features. as anodized aluminum, mirrored or tinted glass.' 10. Replacing architecturally significantdet ailing, such as commercial canopies, with awnings. 3. Removing window fea turesth at can bere paired wheresuch fea tures contributeto the historic andarch itecturalcharacter of a building.

4. Changing the sizeor arrangement of window panes, muntins, and rails wherethey contributeto the architectural and historic character of a building. s. Installing on significant facades �hutters, scree ns, blinds, security grills, and awnings which are historically inappropriate and which detract from the character of a building.

6. Replacing windows that contribute to the character. of a building with those that are incompatible in size, configuration, and reflectivequalities or which alter the setback relationship between window and wall. •

7. Installing heating/aircondi tioning units in window frames when the sash and frames may be damaged. Window installations should beconsidered only when all other visible heating/cooling systems would result in significant damage to historic materials. If installation proves

necessary, window units should be placedon secondary Typ ical Double-Hung. 2/2 light Window, elevations not readily visible from public thoroughfares; Springfield Historic District

68 ...

Wi ndows

I I

r-- - C OJ] D' D I I I I I

Double-hung Ca.ement Queen Anne 4/1 Bungalow

OJ Ern Ern []]] OJ EEB .D D J I I I J

2/2 lights 6/6 lights 6/1 lights 3/ 1 Bungalow .

NEW CONSTRUCTION, RELOCATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND DEMOLITION

Sl'RlNGfIELO STIlEET ELEVATION i ; NEW CONSTRUCTION

Applicable Standards: 2, & 9 building� should be preserved when new construction is undertaken. The relationship of the new construction to 2. The historic cluuacur of a propeny shall be retained adjacent buildings, landscape and streetscape features, and and preserved. val of historic mtlterials or 'DIe remo open spaces should beconsidered . New construction adjacent alterations of fe aturtS and spaces that characterize a to historic buildings can dramatically alter the historic setting propeny shall be avoided. of neighboring buildings or the district. Under Standard9 new construction is appropriate as long as it does not destroy 9. Ne w additions, Ulerior alterations or related new significanthistoric features, including designed landscapes, and construction shall not destroy historic materials that complements the size, color, material, and character of characterize the propeny. The new work shall be adj acent buildings, neighborhood, and environment. differentiatedfrom the old and shall becom patible with the mtlSsing, size, scale and architectural fe atures to Because of its design, materials, scale, massing, and setback, protect the historic integrity of the property and its non-historic construction in Springfield has often been out of en vironment. context. Community context has been sacrificed through

ignorance, indifference, or, in thecase of public housing, in an effort to make projects absolutely cost efficient. In some New construction should complement historic architecture. instances compatible design can in fact save money. For Through sound planning and design, it can reinforce and example, when new construction shares a common setback respect the existing patterns of a historic district. Successful with historic buildings located close to a street edge, water and infill design does not have to imitate demolished or extant sewer connections are less expensive. In addition, reduced buildings to be successful. Rather, it picks up significant land cost of smaller lots translate to more affordable housing. themes, such as height, materials, roof form, massing, set­ back, and the rhythm of openings toinsure that a new building The following criteria should be used when reviewing new blends with its context. construction in the Springfield Historic District.

While the Secretary of the Interior's Standards are oriented 1. Height: The height of buildings in Springfield, particularly toward rehabilitation of existing historic buildings, Standards at the block level , is similar. Most buildings, with the 2, and 9 apply to new construction in historic districts and near exception of the Bungalow and some commercial buildings, are to stories in height. The height of new individual landmarks. Under Standard 2 the setting of historic 2 2.5

69 construction should becompa tible with surrounding historic openings. Storefronts have wide horizontal windows and buildings. little or no spacing between openings, providing a greater transparent area. In designing new construction, the Building or lot width is another important visual proportion and spacing of openings on adjacent buildings 2. Width: should be maintained. quality. In Springfield, lot frontage is narrow �as little as 37.5 fee t) and buildings are generally located With the narrow side (20-30 feet in width) toward the street. This s. Horizontal Rhyth... : Repeated elements on neighboring results in a very tight street edge with common sized buildings is characteristic of buildings in Springfield. buildings and a characteristic rhythm. The width c)f new Divisions between upper and lower floors, uniform porch construction should becompatible with surrounding historic heights, and alignment of window and window sills are buildings. examples of such rhythms. New construction in the three historic districts should maintain or extend these strong 3. Setback: Setback is the distance a building is located from shared streetscape elements in blocks where they appear. property lines. Residential buildings in Springfield often share a common front and side setback. In Springfield, 6. Rooffo nns: Similar roof fo rm and pitch are front setback is close to the public right-of-way (generally characteristics of buildings in Springfield. Nearly all from 6-20 feet) and side setback can be as little as 5 feet residential buildings in the districts have pitched roofs , with from the property line. Commercial buildings in gable or hip the predominate type. A few examples of Springfield are generally set direcdy on the property lines, gambrel and clipped gable (jerkinhead) are ilIsofo und. In creating a wall effect. In locating new buildings, the side contrast, commercial buildings have flatroofs witflpara pet. and rear setbacks should be maintained and aligned with the Roofdesigns should be compatible with surrounding facades of surrounding historic bUildings. buildings. Sloped roofs with pitches similar to those of nearby buildings should be required for new residential 4. Proportion or openings: Window openings in the three construction, and flatroo fs with the roofplane hidden from historic districts often share similar size, spacing, and view on the front facade $hould be required for commercial shape. Given the height of the buildings, generally 2-2.5 construction. stories, windows are predominately narrow and vertically oriented. On many buildings, particularly the Colonial 7. Materials: Certain materials are characteristic of Revival and other classically inspired styles, they are Springfield. In Springfield, wood frame buildings with stacked, with a narrow space between them. Other styles, horizontal wood siding predominate. Materials that are particularly the Queen Anne, exhibit randomly placed compatible in quality, color, texture, finish, and dimension

70 io those common to the district should be used.

Recommendations; ClIY)CiC'ri')J . I The size and proportion (on scale ' of I. Design new buildings to be compatible in materials, size, a color, and texture with the surrounding buildings. new building should correspond to the scale of neighboring buildings: ' 2. Employ contemporary desig" that is compatible with the character and feel of the district.

Ayoid;

1. Designing new buildings whose massing and scale is inappropriate and whose materials and texture are non­ historic. A new building should respect the setback (distance from the street or sidewalk' Imitating an earlier style or period of architecture in new 2. established by existing buildings on the construction, except in rare cases where a contemporary design would detract from the architectural unity of an same block: ensemble or group.

Avoid new construction that place. the building in front of or behind the existing facade Avoid construction of a new line within the lame block. New building whose size and pro­ buildings should face the same portion disrupt the appearance general direction as existing . of the neighboring building: 71 buildings: Prohibit buildings whose massing Massing rafer. to the shape and violates the existing character form of buildings. New buildings of the neighborhood. The follow­ within a historic district should Ing example. shows a box lke fa­ respect the ma.slng expressed by ; cade placed between two bulldlngi existing buildings In the neighbor­ hood: with varied massing and facade articulation:

Appropriate Inappropriate

The features of a new building that express horizontal allg{,­ ment. such as eave line. win­ dow line. or porch line. should continue the lines established by neighboring buildings: ..

The spacing betwffen a new building and itl hiltoric neighborl Ihould comply with the eltablished spacing on the block: .

Appropriate Inappropriate

Roof shapes that are not traditionally The roof shape of a new building found In the area should not be alowed: should conform to the shape of roof found on neighboring buildings: REWCATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Relocating a building is a last resort to avoid demolition. back, and architectural detail. If not properly planned and From a preservation perspective. relocating a bui1din� �as executed. a relocated building can be just as incompatible as a many negative consequences. First, the context of the'butldl�g poorly designed infill structure. is lost. The association with the surrounding natural and budt environment is destroyed. Left behind aresidewal ks, retaining Relocation to a less than optimum site should be considered· walls, and landscape features that make each building unique. only if more appropriate sites are unavailable or relocation expenses too excessive. Moreover, many of the character-ciefining features that contribute to the architectural significance of a building have Recommendations; to be removed or are seriously damaged as a result of relocation. These include foundations. porches, chimneys. and 1. Move a building only when there is no alternative to its interior finishes. particularly plaster. Structural damage can preservation. Provide documentation that there is no also result. feasible alternative for preserving a building at its historic location. Furthermore, an improperly relocated building can have a negative impact on the setting of an existing buildings. Side 2. To mitigate the impact of the relocation, move the building and front setback, orientation, scale, mass, and individual to an existing vacant lot within the historic district in which features of existing building should be considered when it is located. choosing an appropriate site. 3. In choosing a new site for a moved building, select a Despite the. negatives, relocation is preferable to demolition. settingcompatible with theoriginal . Consider the age of the This. is particularly true with regard to buildings whose surrounding buildings, �eir height, mass, materials, significance is primarily architectural. There are several setback, and architectural detailing. essential criteria to be considered when reviewing a proposal to move a building to a new site. They are essentially the 4. Properly locate the moved building on its new site. Place same as those for compatible infill. The built environment for the building so that the orientation of its principal facade the new site should be similar to the old one in terms of the and front and side setbacks are compatible with surrounding age of the surrounding buildings, their height, materials. set- buildings.

72 s. Provide a new foundation whosedesi gn, height, and facing Examples or properly moved buHdings in the Springfield materials match those of the original. Salvage original Historic District; foundation materials where possiblefo r re-use asveneer on new foundation. Denl)'J. Klutho House. 30W. 9th Street

Ayoid; Robert Naudain11 EllisHouse. 31 Laura Stn:et I. Relocating a building not threatened by demolition.

2. Relocating a building outside a historic district.

3. Relocating a building to a site where the surrounding buildings date from a differentperiod or are architecturally incompatible dueto their height, materials, setback, anddetailing.

4. Destruction or alteration of significant features, structures, or archaeological sites at new location.

S. Improperly locating a building on its (lew site so that its orientationand fro nt andside setback areincompatible with . surrounding buildings.

6. Placing the building on a new foundationwhose design and materials are incompatible with the original. Examples include slab foundations or unfinished concrete blocks.

73 DEMOLITION

condemned buildings in Springfield havebeen rehabilitated at Applicable Standards: 1"4 reasonable costs. Except for public housing, little new 2. The historic character of a propeny shall be retained construction is currently taking place because of market and preserved. The removal of historic materials or conditions and unbuildable lots. As a result, demolition alterations of fe atures and spaces that characterize a contributes to a poor' environment. Many lots are proptny shall be avoided. un maintainedand become trash dumps. A nuisanceabat ement problem results and contributes to the following scenario. 4. Most propenies change over time,' those changes that Since there is little or no market for many of these lots, have acquired historic significance in their own right particularly ones where land development regulations prohibit shall be retained andpreserved. new construction, owners have no incentives to maintainth em. They must still pay ·taxes and expend money for mowing and trash removal. Since landis not depreciable there are not even ' Demolition is an important issue in Springfield. The main tax advantages for vacant land. Given these factors, owners reasons for demolition have been institutional and commercial frequently a�don their property. The city then must fine expansion, particularly by hospitals, and condemnation by the owners and clean their property. Nuisance abatement liens city, principally due to fire damage and deterioration. accumulate on the property. Thecity is eventually forced to condemn the property, remove it from the tax rolls, maintain Demolition invariably exerts a negative impact on a historic it, and assume the cost and liability of property ownership. district. Under current zoning, land use regulations, and . market conditions, compatible new con·struction is often not Demolition of significant buildings, outbuildings, and feasible. Furthermore, eliminating a building from a individual features conflicts with Standards 2 and 4 streetscape is' like pulling teeth. Either a conspicuous, void is Demolition alters the essen.tial chmcter an d integrity of � created, or the replacement, even if well designed, is usually building andthe district in which it is located.. As part of the less well designed and constructed than the original. Jacksonville Historic Preservation Ordinance the following additional standards are prescribed when a property owners Beyond aesthetics, demolition creates otherproblems as well. " applies for a certificate of appropriateness for a demolition. While the problem of vacant and abandoned buildings is serious, vacant land can be worse. For example, many

74 1. The historic or architectural significance of the building or 10. Whether it would constitute undue economic hardship to stfUCture. deny the property owner the right to demolish the building or structure. 2. Theimponance of the building or stfUCture to the ambience of the historic district. Demolitionof significantoutb uildings andadditions should also be avoided. Carriages houses and garages can be significant 3. The diJIicully or tM iIIIpouibility of reproducing such a compOnents of building complexes in Springfield. Many building or structure b«ause of its ilaign, texture, buildings in the district have had additions, new o�ent, mIllerial, architectural ulilil or unique location. storefronts, porches, windows, wings, and addi�onal stories. These changes might have gained significance in their own 4. Whether the building or stTUCtUre is one of the last right and should be retained under Standard 4. Assessing remaining extIIIIpla of its lcind in the neighborhood, the significance of later additions requires careful professional cOUllly, or the region. review and should be done on a case by case basis.

S. Whether there are uji nite plansfo r reuse of the property Demo6tion of components or a complex, such as garage, ifthe proposed demolition iscarried out, and effewhat ct of workshop, or shed, Is pennlssible under the foUowina those plans on the cMracler of thes urrounding �ea would criteria. be. 1. Thecomponent is secondary in nature and lacking 6. The difficulty or impossibility of saving the building or architectural significance. stfUCturefrom collllpse. 2. The component does not comprise a maj or portion of the 7. Whether the building or stfUCture i.r capable of eaming a historic site. reasonable economic relum on ils value. 3. The component is less than fifty years old and notwithin 8. Whether there are otherfe asible alte17Ultives to demolition. the period of significanceof the district.

4. is persuasive evidence that retention is neither 9. Whether thepropeny no longer contributes to an historic Thore technically nor economically feasible. . district or no longer has significance as a historic, architectural or arcluleological landmark.

75 Demolition of non-significant features of buOdlngs Is pennissible under the following criteria.

1. The fea ture is less than fiftyyears old.

2. It is not a fine example of a significant architectural style and does not exhibit significant architectural design, . materials, or workmanship.

3. It does notcontribute measurably to the period of � significancedescribed in the district nomination.

4. It is in deteriorated condition and replacement would constitute a level of reconstruction not required in rehabilitation.

5. It obscuresearlier significant features.

76 APP ENDIC ES

srlllHGFlELO STIlEET ELEVA TIOM APPENDIX A: THE CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENFSS PROCFSS

A property owner who wishca to physically alter orconstruct can generally be issued following review by Planning and a building within a desipated historic district may obtain an Development Department staff. Examples include simple application package from tileCity of JacksonvillePlanning and repain toroofs or exterior siding with similar materials, Development Department at 128 B. Fonyth Street, Suite 700 foundation enclosures, porch repain, and location of decb, Florida Theatre Building. A certificate of Appropriateness skylights, and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning may be required for alterations to buildings within historic equipment. Staff may also issue a c ertificate of districts which require a city building permit (generally an appropriateness for plans thathave beencertified for purposes expenditure of more than $2(0). of obtaining federal tax credits or approved by the Bureau of Historic Preservation, Florida Department of State, for A Certificate of Appropriateness will not be required for the purposes of using state or federal loans or grants-in-aid. demolition of non-historic buildings or activities not requiring Denial by staff of a Certificate of Appropriateness may be a permit. These activities include ordinary maintenance or appealed tothe JacksonvilleHistoric Preservation Commission. paintingof historicbuildings. Ordinary maintenance is defined as work to repair or prevent deterioration of a building. Morecomplex changes will requirereview by the Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission. Examples of such changes A Certificate of Appropriateness is required for many include substantial replacementof severelydamaged or missing permittedactivities which change theappearance of anexisting features, additions, demolition and relocation of historic building as viewed from a public right-of-way. Examples of buildings, and new construction. reviewable activities include but are not limited tochanges to roofs, exterior materials, foundations, porches, windows, At therequest of the owner or at their discretion, the Planning doors, and ornamentation. New construction in historic and Development . Department Staff and the Jacksonville districts and demolition and relocation of historic buildings Historic Preservation Commission mayalso issue non-binding within districts also require Certificates of Appropriateness. recommendationsfo r certainchanges not requiringa Certificate of Appropriateness. Examples of such changes mig�! include . and addItions not Certificates of Appropriateness can be issued at two levels landscaping, paint colors, and alteration depending on the complexity of the proposed change. For visible from the public right-of-way. repair of deteriorated features, a Certificateof Appropriateness

77 The Application for a Certificate of Appropriateness

In order to obtain a Certificate of Appropriateness, a property Appropriateness is a non�binding recommendation from the owner or his or her authorized agent, must submit a City of JHPC designed to review the general concept of an application Jacksonville Certificate of Appropriateness Application. The and determine if it is appropriate. Application provides a written description of proposed-changes to the building. Applications are available from the Building Documentation: and Zoning Inspection Division, First Floor, City Hall or the Planning and Development Department, ' Suite 700, Florida Documentation supporting the application is also required and Theatre Building, 128 E. Forsyth Street. will vary depending on the complexity of a project. For projects requiringonly staffreview , a complete application will The deadline to submit an application for review by the generally be limited to the following documentation: Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission (JHPC) �s fourteen days before its next scheduled meeting. That time I. A site plan, showing location of the building, its.distance period is required to permit adequate public notice. Each from property lines, its orientation, and the name� of front application submitted within the proper time frame will be and side streets. A survey of the property containing the reviewed at the public meetingof the JHPC. The applicantwill aforemel1tioned information may be substituted for a site present a brief overview of the proposed prOject and allow plan. A description and the location of any proposed JHPC members opportunity to ask questions. The JHPC will changes should be marked clearly on the plan. thereupon vote on the application for a Certificate of Appropriateness. If the JHPC approves the application, the 2. Photographs showing the following views: the building for applicant may proceed with the permitting process. A revision which changes are proposed together with adjacent of the plans may be made at the meeting or the applicant may buildings; all sides of the subject building visible from the revisethe plans and resubmit them at a subsequent meeting. If public right-of-way; representative close-up views of the JHPC denies the application, the applicant may revise and significantfea tures or featureswhich will bechanged , such resubmit the application or appeal the denial to the City as windows, doors, trim, entrances, and balustrades. Council. Photographs shall be color or black and white and at least 3" x 5" in size. For morecomplex projects, the applicantmay wish to submit a preliminary application for an opinion of appropriateness 3. A sample or manufacturer's description of a replacement before completing more detailed plans. An Opinion of material or feature may also be requested by staff.

78 For more complex projects involving nuUor alterations, submit application with recommended changes. additions, new construction, demolition, and relocation the foUowina additional documentation may be required. For projects requirina JaCksonville Historic Presenation 4. Schematic plans with drawings showing all street CommRion Review the foUowina additional steps wUI be elevations. required:

5. For applications R"Jquesting demolitionand relocation, the 5. Property owner submits completed application or request JacksonvilleHistoric Preservation Commission may request for opinion of appropriateness toplanning of�cial at least documentation establishing the reason for removing a fifteen days prior to Jacksonville Historic Preservation building, its significance, and/or anyeconomic hardship Commission meeting. caused by retaining thebuilding at itsp resent site. 6. Notice of time and place ofng meeti sent in writing to applicant and sign postedproperty on informing public of Steps in Obtaining a Certificate of Appropriateness Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission meeting.

For projectsrequiriD& ooly adminktrative re,-iew. 7. Certificate of Appropriateness granted, granted with modifications, deferred, or denied by Jacksonville Historic 1. Property owner applies for building permit for work on Preservation Commission. building located within historic district. I. Property owner withdraws and resubmits application or appeals decision of Jacksonville Historic Preservation 2. Building official notifies Planning andDevelopment Department. Commission to City Council.

3. Planning official and property owner confer about the proposed changes to the building and procedures for completion of the application.

4. Planningofficial approves or denies application for changes requiring administrative review. Owner may appeal denial to Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission or re-

79 �truction Activities Reguirin& Certifiqte or 9. Masonry cleaning. ApprQPriatenes5 10. Patio or other slab placement.

Activities requiring only starr review: 11. Porch repair.

1. Awning and canopy installation. 12. Roof repairor replacement with existing m"f" ..;:tl except if existing material is incompatible (Example: roli loofing).. 2. Deck installation at groundlevel which is not visible from a public right-of-way and which does not alter a historic 13. Satellite dish, skylight, solar collector placement. i'! building. 14. Window repairor limitedreplacement with matching unit 3. Door installations when replacement is compatible in (replacement of less than 25% of existing units). design, size, and material with the original.

4 Oriveway placement.

s. cxterior fabric or feature (stucco, wood siding, shingle) repair and replacement with same material, including repair of cornices using the existing materials and duplicating the original design and placement of front columns with ones matching the original in style, size and material.

6. Fencing size and placement.

. 7. Foundation repairs and enclosures.

8. Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (exterior placement only).

80 Activities requiring Jacksonville Historic Preservation Activitiesfor which Planning and Development Department Commission review. Starror Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission may issue an advisory opinion at the owner's reqpest or their discretion. 1. Additions to historic building visible from the public right of-way. 1. Changes to historic features not visible from the public 2. Masonry re-pointing. right-of-way.

3. Major changes to or addition of door and window 2. Landscaping or other changes to historic setting. openings. m 3. Parking lot place ent and resurfacing. 4. Demolition of all or part of historic building. 4. Paint colors. s. New construction and additions visible from a public right­ of-way. S. Placement of window air-conditioners.

6. Enclosure of Porch, porte-cochere, or garage (visible from 6. Placement of burglar bars. the public-right-of-way).

7. Porch replacement.

8. Relocation of historic building.

9. Roof replacement with material different from existing or change in form.

10. Storefront restoration or replacement.

11. Window replacement (more than 25%).

81 I I

I I

I I

I I

I I APPENDIX B: GWSSARY

Archiuaye - the molding around a door or window opening; Casement- Wjndow A hinged window which opens out from also in classical architecture, the lowest member of the a building. entablature resting on thecapital of the column. - A modem roofing material composed - Composition shi«ms BalCOMts a false balconywith a railing but littlefloor space. of asphalt, fiberglass fiber, or asbestos.

- A method of wood-frame construction, - Balloon frwni«, Contribuiin,Structure Buildings, structures or ,sites thatadd referring to the skeletal framework of a building. Studs or to the historical association, architectural quality or uprights run from sills to eaves, and horizontal bracing archaeological value of a propertyor districtbecause; (a) they members are nailed to them. were present during the period of significance and possess historical integrity reflecting their character at the time or - A series of balusters Balustrade with a top andbottom rail. potential for yielding historical information; or (b) tJleir potential to qualify independently fo r the National Register of Batler - Thereced ing upward slope of awall or other inclined Historic Places. structure. Cogi«, - The top layer of a masonry wall, usually sloped to Bay Wjitdow - A window or series of windows that project carry off water. ou'tward' from a wall and from the ground upward. Corbdi«,- Successivecourses of wood or masonry which are

Belvedere - An open pavilionbuilt tocommand a view, usually stepped upward and outward from a wall surface. on top of a building. Comic' - A projecting ornamental molding along the top of architecture, the upper projecting member Bracket - A decorative support featurelocated under eaves or a wall; in classical overhangs. of an entablature.

The vertically faced projection in �e upper part of a CanoDY - An ornamental roo f-like structure used on CorOna.- commercial buildings which provide advertisement space, cornice. shade, and protection for the storefrontand pedestrian traffic.

82 jecting blocks form ing a Frieze' A wide facing board located at thejun ction of the Dendi - One of a series of small pro - molding, often under a cornice. exterior wall and roofeav es.

of a building housing a window Decorative wooden molding located at the Dormer- A secondary feature Frieze moklinl- or vent, which is set upon the slope of a roofsurf ace. Dormers point where the eave meets the exteriorwa ll. may provide veritiiation" lighting, or auxiliary living·�. Gableroqf - A triangular section at the end of a pitched roof. Eave - The projecting overhang at the bottom edge of a roof surface. (jQmbrd rog{- A double-sloped gable roo f, which allows additional living or storage space. group of EntablOlUre - In classic architecture, the horizOntal elements immediately above the columns or pilasten and Hiproqf - A roof with sloping sides and ends. consisting ofan architrave, frieze, and cornice. Jacksonville Historic PreservtllionCominjssion(JRPCJ - A &POsed beams- A decorative wooden beam that appears to seven-memberboard of residents ofJackso nville appiointed by support eaves, prevalent on Bungalow-style residences. the Mayor and approved by the City Council who exercise defined historic preservation responsibilities. Facade - The elevation or face of a building. A type Jalousie - of window comprised of a series of Fascia - A flat horizontal band usually found in combination horizontal slats connected to a mechanical device operated by with moldings, such as the corona of a classical cornice, or a a crank. face board covering rafter ends. A Jerlcinhead or Clip Gable- gable cut off by a secondary Fenestration - The arrangement of windows in a building. slope forming a hip.

Finial - A crowing ornament at the top of a spire, gable or Knee - A wooden triangular brace that supports the post. brace eavesof a building. Kneeb races were frequently utilil£,f in the construction of Bungalow style residences. The outline of a building's ground plan from a top FOOIJIrinIview. -

83 Laitice - A panel of criss-crossed diagonal or perpendicular Pediment- The low pitchedtriang ularga ble above a porticoor slats often utilized as decorative in fill between masonry entrance porch with columns. foundation piers. Pcnd!mt- An ornamental knob suspended from above. LiVU - A single pane of &lau. '(111roqf - A sloping roof structurelocated above a window Limel- A horizontal beam locatedabove a window or door. line, which serves as secondary protection or ornamentation.

Louver - A door or window' comprised of overlapping Piers - A , masonry structure, usually made of brick or downward sloping slats, which shed rain while admitting light concreteblock, which elevates and supports a building or part and air. of a building.

Masonry - Brick, block, or stone which is secured with Pilaster - A shallow rectangular pier projecting only slightly mortar. from a wall and treated as a classic column with a base and cap. Massing - A term used to define the over all volume or size of a building. Pitch - A term which refers to the steepness of roof slope.

ModilUOn - An ornamental bracket used in series under the Pjvot window - A hinged window which opens out with the corona of a cornice, usually found in buildings of the aid of a mechanical crank. Corinthian order. Plimh - The square blockat the base of a column or pedestal. MQId;lIe - A continuous decorative stripmaterial of applied to a surface. PurIW - A piece of timber laid horizontally to support the com�9n rafters of a roof. - A projectingwindow supporteda by corbel or brackets, Oriel r of a roof frame which slopes usually on an upper story. Rde - A wooden member downward from the ridge line. Parqpct - A solid protective or decorative wall located along the outside edge of a roof.

84 - A glass windowpane located at the side of a main Recessedpant:l - A MCessed a.ml usually located in the frieze Skldiiht band of residential buildings. Recessed panels decorative entrance way. elements that often function as an area for signagc. - an overhang, arch, or SqJJII The underside of lintel, other ng RehabiUtlllio" - The processof returning a buildini toa state spanni member. of usefulness through repairor alteration which preserves those features that are historically or architecturally significant. Stucco- A masonry material applied as exterior wall fa bric.

Relocation - Any change in thel ocation of a building fromits nruvom window- A glass pane, usually rectangular, which present setting to another setting. is located above a window or door.

RQtortllion - The process of KCUrately rmwering the form Dw.t - An assemblage of beams forming a framework, that and details of a building as it may have appeared at an earlier serves as a bracket to support other members or to bridge a time. span.

The highest part of a roof. A verticalboard thatis u Rithe- Ve,.,eboatrlor bar:reboatrl - set nder and fo llows the line of a gable, oftendecorated by carving.

Sash - A frame that encloses the panes of a window. Windowliz" - A sign which is painted on Or attached to a Scale - A term used todefine the proportions of a building in window and is visible to pedestrian or vehicular traffic. relation to its surroundings. Ihjn'la- A typeof wooden sidingcomprised of milled Wooden cut-out ornamentation accomplished Wood Scrollwork - by shingles which overlap each other. The bottoms of wood a jigsaw or ;t scroll saw. shingles when cut diagonally, round, or triangularly, create a decorative feature. SetlKlck - A term used to define the distance a building is located from a street or sidewalk.

SItedroq[ - A roof with a single sloping pitch.

85 APPENDIX C: RESOURCES FOR RESEARCHING OLDERHOUSES AND BUILDINGS JACKSONV IN ILLE

The following informatioois a briefoverview of some of the 2. The Florida Mater Site Flle and HiSodc; maj or resources utilized to NIeIrCb and document historic Resources I dstin" ofCity houses and .JacksonyUJe: buildings inJacboovil1e. The resources that can be used will vary to each situation; however, researching an The Florida Master Site File is a listing of . older house will usually Using a of involve variety resources. historic resources recorded in the State. A combination of paper and computer fil�, the I. Jacksonyille's ArChatKtuol Hedtalc, system is maintained by the Division of Landmarks forthe Future: Historical Resources, Florida Department of State. Thousands of historic, architectural and The first place to start in researching an older archaeological sites in Jacksonville and Duval house or building in Jacksonville is the County arelisted on the Florida Master SiteFile publication, Jacksonyjlle's Architectural with most resulting from the surveys of marks "erillee: Land for the Future (1989). Avondale, Riverside, Springfield, San Marco, Produced by the Historic Landmarks and Downtown� A historic survey usually Commission of Jacksonville and written by Dr. involves researching thedevelopment historyof Wayne Wood, this significant publication the area or neighborhood, as well as the highlights over 600· landmark sites in completion of a site file on each older structure Jacksonville, aswell asneighborhood histories, in the neighborhood. The completed site file a discussionon earlyJacksonville arc hitectsand form contains basic information on the architectural styles. Organized by areas and architecture and history of the site. Many of the local neighborhood organizations that neighborhoods, the publication hasan inventory . and extensive bibliography of local resources. sponsored the surveys have copies of the site Even though only a small percent of historic files. Copies of site files canalso be requested houses and buildings are discussed in the book. from the Division of Historical Resources. it provides an excellentcontext for initiatingth e Florida Department of State. R. A. Gray research on an older house or building. Building, SOO South Bronough, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250, (904)487-2299 .

86 Please note that the city's boundaries changed The Planning and Development Department, over the years; thus many older buildings were City of Jacksonville maintains a historic resource data file based on the Florida Master originally located outside the city limits. Site tile, survey reports and the Jacksonville Regrettably, the county building records that Historic Preservation Commission site files. existed before consolidation in 1968, have been The data base contains basic information on lost. each site such as Florida Master Site File 4. Number, National Registerstatu s, andif known, Mus: date of construction, architect and builder. Contact the Planning and Development The Sanborn Map Company has produced Department at (904) 630-1904, Florida Theatre detailed street maps of cities and towns for fire Building, 128 East Forsyth Street, Suite 700, insurance underwriting purposes since the mid- Jacksonville, Florida 32202. 1 800's. These large maps depicted the configuration of buildings and houses and 3. BuUdinl Pennits: indicate the type of construction, number of floors, and use. Sanborn maps were produced The Building and Zoning Inspection Division, for Jacksonville in 1884, 1887, 1891 , 1897, City of Jacksonville, located on the first floor, 1903, 1913, 1924, 1949 and later. The earlier City Hall has building permit records going maps covered the core area of Downtown; back to 1904. These rolled microfilm records however, each subsequent edition covered a are organized by year and building permit broader area of the city. In many cases the number. The building permitnumbers are taken maps were not replaced with new editions but from the card file which lists each address and updated with paste-overs. In researching an gives the permit history. Unfortunately, in older house or building, it is best to start with many cases, the permit history listed on the card the uncorrected maps to determine the original . is incomplete, especially in the identification of footprintand usethe corrected versions or later older permitted activity. The building permits editions to verify changes over time. Sanborn and building permit applications list the year maps were also producedfo r Jacksonville Beach issued, the applicant's name, general location, (Pablo and Mayport) in 1903, 1909, 1917, 1924 legal description, general physical description, and 1931. The Planning Department has black and in later years, the builder and ar chitect. and white prints of the uncorrected maps from

87 1884, 1887, 1891, 1897, 1903 and 1913, as more complete list please refer to the well as selected Jacksonville Beach maps. The bibliography found in Jacksonyille's Floridacollection , Haydon Bums Public Library Architectural HeDg: Landmarks for the has microfilmedcopies of the Sanborn maps, as Future. well as several oricinal volumes which have been corrected. s. CityDiredoria: United Stales Geological Survey Topographic A full collection of city directories going back Maps, Duval County. edition of 1918- 1919 (12 to 1870 are located in the Florida Collection, sheets) depicted the location of structures, as Haydon Bums Public Library. Thedi reCtories well as identifying older communities and list residents alphabetically, noting theiraddress roadways. These maps can be used to and usually their occupation. Another very determineif a structure wason located a parcel important research tool in the directories is an before 1918. These maps have been alphabetized listing of streets identifying particularly important in locating and dating occupants at each street address. The city structures outside the old city limits. Another directoriescannot only indicate when anaddress important county map valuable for the' same was first occupied, but also contain the names reason is the -General - Highway and of the original occupants. By tracking an transportation Map, Duval County, Florida,­ address over the years, the directories can also prepared by the Florida State Roadpartm De ent provide information about the different (FD01), 1936. This mapdepicts thepresence occupants of a house, as well as indicate when of structures outside of the incorporated areas. a house was subdivided or demolished. Other useful information found in the directories Over the years, there have been a variety of include a listing of churches, schools, clubs, as mapsproduced which illustratevarious locations well as business and companies. Please note . have changed. in the city, usually in the downtown area. that addresses for certain streets Noted maps include -Bird's Eye View of In many cases, thedirectories at thetime of the Jacksonville, Florida (1876 and 1886)- and the change will list both the oldand new numbers. -Francis J. LeBaron Maps of Jacksonville, Other times it is necessary to track the address before and after the (1885 and 1881).- Theseare just a few of the by noting the occupants number change. historic maps of the Jacksonville area. For a address

88 locate the original plans within the house or 6. Newspapers: have obtained copies from previous owners. Much of Jacksonville's building and Some more established architectural firmshave construction activity was recorded in the local maintained plans and records of houses and buildings designed by their firmover the years. newspapers such as The FIQrida Tim�-Union, Jacksonville Journal and the Metrwohs . lk Florida Times-Union has been extensively 8. Ora. Sources: indexed by yearand organized alphabetical ly by subject heading, except fo r several years in the Oral sources such as previous owners or long­ term residents can provide 1930's. The Jacksonville Journal is also valuable information indexed fo r the years between 1925 and 1938. in researching an older house or building. In Both newspaper indexes are located in the many cases, oral sources will be the starting Florida Collection, Haydon Burns Public point for document research or can reinforce Library. Using the indexes for re searching written documentation on a house. older housesand buildings will requirea general 9. idea of the original construction date. Most PropertyRecords: construction activity is listed under the subject heading of building permits; however, relevant The Property appraiser's Record Cards contain articles about new subdivisions may also be valuable information about a structure and lot. located by subject in the indexes. These cards are located in the Property Appraiser's office, Claude Yates City Hall and 7. OrieiDal Blueprints Plans: Annex. Thecards can be accessed by address. real estate number or legal description. In Many older houses were not designed by an addition to building and lot size, most of the architect, and may not have had any drawn cards have a constru�tion date and may have a . plans or blueprints. The Building and Zoning basic footprint of the structure and adjacent Inspection Division has microfilmed building outbuildings. From the plat books at the Office plans going back to the early 1900 's. However, of the Circuit Court, Duval County Courthouse, the plans are usually for commercial or property transactions can be traced. Although institutional buildings and are incomplete. documenting changeof property ownership over Some property owners have been fortunate to time, these records will not necessarily confirm

89 a construction date. structural members were sawed, finished and framed, the type of roofing and the type of 10. An;hiteduralStyle. Materials and Methodsof mortar and bricks can all betelltale signs �ut Construction: the age and origin of the house or building. The type of materials and methods of Many times the general date and origin of a construction can usually provide only broad house can be determined within a broad range ranges timeof for dating houses and buildings, by the architectural style, materials and method since many products were used over a long of construction. There m several factors that period of time. A good example is the presence may affect the dating of houses or buildings of cut nails used in Florida from 1830's to the based on style. First, many styles have early 1900's at which point they were replaced persisted over a long period of time or lingered by the more cOntemporary wire cut nail. Many beyond their period of pOpularity. Second, times these early materials have been covered many older houses have been -modernized­ by more contemporary products, making it resulting in a change ofsty le. Alsoduring the difficultto dete�ne theperiod constructionof . first quarter of the century, there has been a mixing of stylistic elements resulting in fewer -pure- styles. Therefore, be careful when trying toattach a specific style of architectureto an older house or building. A good architectural style book such asA Field Guide to American Houses by Virginia and Lee McAlester (New York, 1984) is valuable in providing an explanation of the characteristics of each style, as well as the period of popularity.

The type of materials and methods of construction can provide some useful clues in dating older houses and buildings. For example, the type of nails used, the way

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... APPENDIX D: TAX INCENTIVES FOR REHABILITATION OF QUALIFIED HISTORIC BUILDINGS

The federal government encourages the rehabilitation of hasa precise limitationupon the amount that Can exemptedbe , historic buildings through a tax incentive program. Beginning the quota is generous. This federal incentive for historic with the 1976 Tax Reform Act and the 1978 Revenue Act, the preservation will probably remain substantial. federal tax law has continued provisions that favored the retention of older buildings. In 1981, Congress further For moreinformation regarding these incentivesplease contact encouraged preservation with a change in the tax code that The Division qf HistoricalResources. Flori. Deganment qf allowed taxpayers a credit equal to twenty-five of qualified State. 500 SQUlhBrQBOueh. Tallahassee. Fl0rid4. 32399:0250 expenditures for certified and substantial rehabilitation of (904148Z-ZW. qualified buildings. The 1986 Tax Reform Act retained the credits, though at a reduced rate. Current (1991)law provides for a twenty percent credit upon the expenses incurred in rehabilitating a certified historic building and a ten percent credit for buildings morethan fifty years old. Thecurrent law applies only to income-producing properties.

The tax law also permits a charitable deduction for federal estate and income tax purposes to a landowner who makes a -qualified conservation contribution- of land. The code definesthat contribution as a -qualified real property interest­ to a qualified organization exclusively for conservation purposes. Among such purposes are the preservation of a certified historic structure. A further provision in the federal tax code favoring historicpreservation is one that exempts the interest on Industrial Revenue Bonds employed for historic preservation purposes from federal taxation under Section 103 (b) of the Internal Revenue Codeof 1954. While each state

91

APPENDIX E: HISTORIC PRESERVATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATIONS

National Tnast for HBone Preservation The Jacksonville Haorical Society 1785 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Suite III Washington, D.C. 20036 4114 Herschel Street (202) 673-4000 Jacksonville, Florida 32210-2200 (904) 384-0849 Southeast Regional Office, N.tlonal Tnast for HBoric Preservation Riverside Avondale Preservation 456 King Street 904 King Street Charleston, South Carolina 29403 Jacksonville, Florida32205 (803) 722-8552 (904) 389-2449

Florida Tnast for Historic Preservation Riverside Avondale Community Coalition Post Office Box 11206 2722 College Street Tallahassee, Florida 32302 Jacksonville, Florida 32205 (904) 224-8128 (904) 389-4479

Division of HBorical Resources San Marco Preservation Society Florida Department of State 1904Landon Avenue R.A. Gray Building Jacksonville, Florida 32207 500South Bronough Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 SpriD&field Nei&hborbood Housina Service (904) 487-2333 Suite 117, 157 East Eighth Street JacksOnville, Florida 32206 The Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commi9lion (904) 355-1248 Suite 700, Florida Theatre Building 128 East Forsyth Street Jacksonville, Florida 32202-3325 (904) 630- 1904

92 Springfield Prae"ation and Restoration St. Nicholas Area Prese"ation Post Office Box 3192 1166 Holmesdale Road 157 East Eighth Street Jacksonville, Florida 32207 Jacksonville, Florida 32206 (904) 353-7727 San Jose Estates Prese"ation 7207 Ventura Avenue Historic Springfield Community Council Jacksonville, Florida 32217 1823 Pearl Street Jacksonville, Florida 32206 (904) 355-5012

Springrleld Ecumenical Ministries Suite 116, 157 East Eighth Street Jacksonville, Florida, 32206 (904) 355-2645

Old Ortega Prese"ation Society 2736 Arapahoe Avenue Jacksonville, Florida 322 10

Mandarin Community Club Mandarin Historical Society Post Office Box 23171 Jacksonville, Florida 32241-3172

MaypOrt Praervation Society 1423 Roxie Road Jacksonville, Florida 32233

93 APPENDIX F: SELECTED REFERENCFS

Historic Presenation and Ardtitecture: National Trustfor Historic Preservation. Historic Preservation Ne ws. Washington, D.C. Blumenson, John J.-o. Identifying American Architecture, A Pic/orial Guide to Styla and Tt mu, 1600 - 1945. American NationalTrust for HistoricPreservation . Historic Pnservation Association for State and LocalHistory, Nashville, 1977. Magll1.ine. Washington, D.C.

Hunt, E. L. Roy, John K. McPherson, and Caryl A. Brinson. The Old House Journal Corporation. The OldHouse Jolmflll. His/oric Preservalion in Florida. Clearwater, 1988. Massachusetts.

MCAlester, Virginia, and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York, 1984. Jacksonville History and Ardtitecture.

Moss, Roger. A Century of Color. Broward, Robert C. The Architecture of HenryJohn KIUlho : The Prairie School in Jacksonville. Jacksonville, Florida, . U.S. Department of Interior. National Park Service. The 1983. Secretary of the Interior's Standardsfo r Rehllbi/itation and Guidelinesfo r Rehllbilitating HistoricBuildings. Washington, Crooks, James B. Jacksonville 4fter The Fire, 1901 - 1919: D.C., 1990. A New South City. Jacksonville, 1991.

u. S. Departmentof Interior. National ParkService. Technical Davis, T. Frederick. History of Jacksonville, Florida and Vicinity Augustine, 1925. Preservation Briefs, 1 - 20. Washington, D.C., 1975 - 1989. 1513 - 1924. St.

Gold, Pleasant Daniel. Hisloryof Duval County, Flo�da. 8t. Periodicak: Augustine, 1929. Magazines and

Florida Trust for Historic Preservation. Florida Preservation HistoriG Property Associates. His/oric Propenies Survey of Sp ringfield, Jacksonville, Florida. Augustine, News. Tallahassee. St. 1985.

Martin, Richard A. 17It Qty Makers. Jacksonville, 1972.

94 Martin, Richard A. and Daniel Schafer. Jacksonville 's Ordeal by Fire, A Ci vil Wa r History. Jacksonville, 1984.

Ward, James Robertson and Dena Snodgrass. OldHic lcory 's To wn: An Illustrated History of Jacksonville. Jacksonville, 1982.

Wood, Wayne W. Jacksonville 's Architectural Heritage , Landmarks Fo r The FUIUrt. Jacksonville, 1989.

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