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Neobird4-090226:Neotropical Birding.Qxd >> BETTER NEOTROPICAL BIRDING SHARING YOUR BIRD SIGHTINGS FOR CONSERVATION Sharing your bird sightings to help conservation Daniel Lebbin In the second contribution to our Better Neotropical Birding series, we examine how birders can— and should— use the internet to enable conservationists to make use of information that might otherwise gather dust in notebooks. irders love to talk about what they see. But A plethora of databases for a sharing sightings with one another is not Bonly one of the more fun aspects of birding; wealth of data it is also becoming an important form of ‘citizen There are now many web- based bird databases science’, whereby birders contribute information of available for public use, both in terms of use to other birders, ornithologists and contributing data and imbibing information. conservationists. For several years, birders have These fall into several categories. been able to share their sightings on various e- The two major members of the worldwide mail list- servers or to post trip reports online, but database ‘family’ that seek observational there have been few central repositories or information are eBird and WorldBirds. Both have databases where individuals could both enter their regional and national portals (see respective own sightings and query the observations of boxes). The Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology others. and National Audubon Society (now simply This situation is rapidly changing, and several Audubon; BirdLife in the US) launched eBird in web- based tools now allow us to share our bird the US and Canada in 2002, but it soon migrated records in a more powerful way than ever before. south. Now covering the entire New World, eBird Moreover, these tools are helping to unite local is available in three languages (English, Spanish, birding communities and to link these groups with and French)1. WorldBirds is managed by BirdLife conservation and research efforts. In this article, I International, the Royal Society for the Protection aim to give an overview of these tools and the use of Birds (RSPB, BirdLife in the UK) and (again) to which they are put, seeking to encourage Audubon. WorldBirds is developed as a global Neotropical Birding readers to participate in this network of databases, with each country (through ornithological dimension of the internet its BirdLife Partner or similar organisation) having revolution. its own system linked to the main site. eBird and WorldBirds are currently discussing how to share and coordinate data with each other. There are also a number of national databases seeking bird data, including five in the Neotropics (see box National internet databases). In the digital age, birders are also able to share visual and aural information by uploading photographs, videos and sound- recordings to public platforms on the internet (see box Other digital information). Finally, information on Neotropical bird sightings is available from a number of sources (see box Other databases). Neotropical Birding 4 13 >> BETTER NEOTROPICAL BIRDING SHARING YOUR BIRD SIGHTINGS FOR CONSERVATION GLOBAL INTERNET DATABASES Case study: eBird The most sophisticated example of the new web- eBird based tools is eBird, upon which this article will focus. Other databases also benefit conservation eBird (http://ebird.org) is the grandfather of bird and science, so the remainder of this article is observation databases and contains a variety of intended as a case study rather than a portals to area- or issue- specific databases. Portals recommendation to favour eBird over the include: alternatives. Indeed, readers are invited to test out the various databases for themselves. Puerto Rico http://ebird.org/content/pr/; Hispaniola http://ebird.org/content/hispaniola; Improving knowledge U.S. Virgin Islands: http://ebird.org/content/usvi/; eBird documents the presence, absence and abundance of birds using checklists submitted by Society for the Conservation and Study of Caribbean participants. Birders can enter their observations Birds: www.scscb.org/eBirdpage.htm; into eBird’s main webpage or through a variety of Mexico: http://ebird.org/content/averaves/; ‘portal’ webpages focused on individual countries (e.g. Mexico) or particular bird groups (e.g. Guatemala: http://ebird.org/content/guatemala/; ‘priority migrants’). Data can be entered online or South America: http://ebird.org/content/ebird/news - be uploaded in an MS Excel spreadsheet. The user /south- america- ebird- beta- testing; may now also extract their data in the latter format. Submitted data are vetted by automatic Priority Migrant: http://ebird.org/content/primig/; filters that flag unusual sightings or high numbers and Painted Bunting: http://ebird.org/content/ebird/ and send these records to regional experts for news /we- need- your- painted- bunting- review, in order to ensure quality and guard against observations?set_language=es. erroneous entries. eBird data are shared with the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN) and Global Additional eBird portals for Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Biodiversity Information Facility so that the Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador and Panama information is broadly accessible to researchers exist or are under construction. In the coming years, and conservationists. WorldBirds is also moving eBird will have global coverage. towards sharing its data with the AKN. WorldBirds User perks WorldBirds (www.worldbirds.org) provides a network eBird is designed for public participation, of databases managed by individual BirdLife encouraging birders to submit their observations International Partners. WorldBirds, as its name and to use the various facilities offered by its suggests, covers the whole world, so Neotropical database. eBird users can store personal lists or birders should follow the links to the Central America query the database to produce interactive maps, and Caribbean entry point (www.worldbirds.org/ graphs and other outputs. Birders can also use mapportal/worldmap.php?m=4) or South America eBird to compare their first- arrival records or high page (www.worldbirds.org/mapportal/ counts of a particular species with those of the worldmap.php?m=5). wider birding community. Some features are From here, users can access the individual currently only available for North American birds databases for countries such as: Anguilla, Antigua but will soon be extended to those in the and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Neotropics. Bermuda, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Contributing information Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, There are several ways (called ‘protocols’ in eBird- Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Kitts and speak) for a user to enter data into eBird. The Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Eustatius, St. Maarten, St. simplest way is under the ‘casual protocol’, which Martin and St. Barthelemy, St. Vincent and the requires merely a single species, date, and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos location. However, entering more information Islands, Virgin Islands (to UK), and Virgin Islands (to improves the quality of subsequent scientific US). Ecuador, Uruguay and probably Bolivia are analysis. Accordingly, if possible, enter all the bird coming soon. species seen rather than a selection. If you 14 Neotropical Birding 4 counted the number of individuals of some or all species, enter this as well. A few more keystrokes NATIONAL INTERNET DATABASES can render your checklist even more valuable: Upload your sightings in Venezuela to enter a few measures of how much effort you www.avesvenezuela.net. In Peru, www. birding- spent watching birds. These include the start time peru.com is an interesting forum on which to share and duration of your birding, and whether you sightings, lists and photographs. Its ‘expedition were counting birds from a single spot (‘stationary birding’ discussion seeks to rank the importance of protocol’), within a specified area (‘area protocol’), bird observations by the rarity of knowledge for the or while on the move (‘traveling protocol’). The species concerned. In Colombia, www.proaves.org area and travel protocols require the participant to has a portal for entering observations of banded enter the area or distance searched, but internet- (ringed) birds. In Belize, contribute data on birds and based tools can help the participant provide these other wildlife to BERDS (www.biodiversity.bz/) and do figures. (For distance, see www.runningmap.com the same for birds in Suriname at and www. gmap- pedometer.com; for area, visit http://webserv.nhl.nl/~ribot/php4/verspreiding.htm. www.acme.com/planimeter.) OTHER DIGITAL INFORMATION Why do scientists need your sightings? You can upload sound- recordings to xeno- canto Comprehensive checklists with counts for all (www. xeno- canto.org), which shares its distributional species, accompanied by effort information, are records with NatureServe (www.natureserve.org) and valuable to ornithologists and conservationists is working on sharing them with eBird. For more because the combined data provide bird surveys information on xeno- canto see the article in that are comparable across time and between sites. Neotropical Birding 3: 17–23. Photographs can be At present there is no population monitoring for uploaded to the Neotropical Bird Club’s the large majority of Neotropical resident species Neotropical Bird Images database and for many North American breeders within (www.neotropicalbirdimages.org), to galleries on their non- breeding Neotropical
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