Asian American Pacific Islander National Historic Landmarks Theme Study National Historic Landmarks Theme Study

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Asian American Pacific Islander National Historic Landmarks Theme Study National Historic Landmarks Theme Study National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study ASIAN AMERICAN PACIFIC ISLANDER ISLANDER AMERICAN PACIFIC ASIAN Finding a Path Forward ASIAN AMERICAN PACIFIC ISLANDER NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS THEME STUDY LANDMARKS HISTORIC NATIONAL NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS THEME STUDY Edited by Franklin Odo Use of ISBN This is the official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of 978-0-692-92584-3 is for the U.S. Government Publishing Office editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Publishing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Odo, Franklin, editor. | National Historic Landmarks Program (U.S.), issuing body. | United States. National Park Service. Title: Finding a Path Forward, Asian American and Pacific Islander National Historic Landmarks theme study / edited by Franklin Odo. Other titles: Asian American and Pacific Islander National Historic Landmarks theme study | National historic landmark theme study. Description: Washington, D.C. : National Historic Landmarks Program, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2017. | Series: A National Historic Landmarks theme study | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017045212| ISBN 9780692925843 | ISBN 0692925848 Subjects: LCSH: National Historic Landmarks Program (U.S.) | Asian Americans--History. | Pacific Islander Americans--History. | United States--History. Classification: LCC E184.A75 F46 2017 | DDC 973/.0495--dc23 | SUDOC I 29.117:AS 4 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017045212 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-692-92584-3 ii AAPI National Historic Landmarks Theme Study Essay 16 New Asian American Communities: Building and Dismantling Catherine Ceniza Choy University of California, Berkeley rowth and diversity characterize the development of new Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities in the late G20th and early 21st centuries. Legacies of wars fought in Asia, the passage of more equitable U.S. immigration legislation in 1965, and post- 1975 Southeast Asian refugee resettlement in the United States ushered in new waves of immigration and the exponential growth of the AAPI community. The phenomena of interracial and interethnic marriages and families have also contributed to its increasing heterogeneity. In 1960, persons of Asian ancestry in the United States numbered less than one million. In 2012, the estimated number of U.S. residents who were Asian (identifying as either one race or in combination with one or more additional races) was 18.9 million. The increase in this population has not slowed in the 21st century. On the contrary, the growth of the Asian population between View of a street in Chinatown, San Francisco, c. 1920-1930. Photograph by Arnold Genthe, courtesy of Library of Congress. New Asian American Communities: Building and Dismantling 307 the 2000 and 2010 censuses was 46 percent, more than nating in the passage of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, any other major race group.1 Demographic profiles pres- which prohibited Chinese labor immigration and barred ent one dramatic lens to view the development of new Chinese from obtaining U.S. citizenship. Although communities. Place and culture provide others. Chinese exclusion was repealed in 1943, immigration This essay profiles the five largest Asian groups was extremely limited (annual quota of 105) until the in the United States—Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 Vietnamese, and Korean—in order to highlight popula- and the normalization of U.S.-China relations beginning tions that have been most impacted by new immigration. in the 1970s. New immigration fuels the population’s Its purpose is two-fold. First, it examines contemporary growth. Between 2000 and 2010, the Chinese population immigration as it transforms our American geographi- increased by 40 percent.3 While Chinese Americans have cal landscape through the creation of new Asian urban settled across the United States, large proportions live in and suburban communities and commercial districts. the West (49 percent) and in the Northeast (26 percent), These new places reflect some upward social and especially in the states of California and New York.4 economic mobility, but they are not without conflict The most recognizable place-based feature of AAPI and controversy. Their creation has also coincided with community development is the ethnic enclave, and the the destruction and dismantling of AAPI communities most well-known of these enclaves are Chinatowns. through urban renewal projects and gentrification. While many 19th and early 20th century Chinatowns Second, this essay explores how AAPI communities died out as Chinese Americans were either driven out have made an impact on America’s cultural landscape or moved out on their own to settle elsewhere, San through the revitalization of Asian cultural traditions. Francisco’s Chinatown, founded around 1850 and based In the 19th and 20th centuries, racial stereotyping in around Stockton Street and Grant Avenue, remains a world’s fairs, dime novels, comics, Hollywood films, vibrant cultural center of San Francisco’s Chinese Amer- and other forms of American popular culture charac- ican community. Tourism is a major contributor to its terized AAPI cultures as heathen, primitive, child-like, economy. For example, it hosts the largest Chinese New dirty, mysterious, and exotic. These representations Year celebration in the Western hemisphere, attracting commodified and appropriated AAPI peoples as villains, hundreds of thousands of visitors with elaborately dec- sidekicks, sexual objects, and curiosities in popular orated floats and costumes, exploding firecrackers, and entertainment, tourism, and consumerism. In reality, an over 200-foot-long Golden Dragon. However, San AAPI communities have employed cultural traditions in Francisco’s Chinatown is not solely an iconic tourist site. more dynamic ways. They preserve, adapt, and re-inter- It is also home to a multi-generational Chinese American pret these traditions in order to represent their histories, community. Elderly Chinese meet at the Woh Hei Yuen artistic contributions, and contemporary concerns with Park’s Recreation Center to play mahjong or Chinese humanity, dignity, and resilience. poker. The center also offers English classes, Chinese Lion Dancing and Kung Fu for adults as well as Kinder- NEW CHINESE AMERICAN COMMUNITIES gym and Chinese lessons for children ages 3 to 14. According to the 2010 census, the Chinese population There are many other Chinatowns in California as comprises the largest Asian group in the United States. well as in states across the country, and their histories The Chinese alone-or-in-any-combination population bear witness to the ways in which processes of urban was 4.0 million.2 A distinctive feature of the Chinese renewal and suburbanization dismantle older commu- American community is that it is a product of both a nities. Los Angeles’s older 19th century Chinatown was long history of immigration beginning in the mid-19th leveled in preparation to build Union Station. A new century, as well as new immigration. Nearly 300,000 Chinatown was then built in 1938 with the more explicit Chinese migrants entered the United States between objective of becoming a tourist attraction. A rural China- 1850 and 1889. As their numbers grew, they increasing- town in Locke, California, founded in 1915, once home ly encountered racial hostility and violence. Political to a Chinese-language school, is now predominantly a movements calling for their exclusion ensued, culmi- white community. 308 AAPI National Historic Landmarks Theme Study by 1990. The transformation of Monterey Park grew out of the efforts of Frederic Hsieh, a realtor who had come from Hong Kong to the United States in 1963 to attend college. Hsieh arrived in the area in the early 1970s and promoted it to potential immi- grants in East Asia as the “Chinese Beverly Hills.” During that time, concerns over political and economic stability in East Asia motivated young engineers, scientists, and businesspeople from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the People’s Republic of China to relo- cate and invest in Monterey Park. Celebrations like this one in Washington, D.C.’s Chinatown are More recently, gentrification has contributed to the held all over the country for the Lunar New Year, featuring “lion” and “dragon” dances accompanied by a plethora of fireworks. dispersal of Chinese from Chinatowns. In a 2013 study Photo by Carol Highsmith, courtesy of the Library of Congress. entitled “Chinatown Then and Now,” the Asian Amer- ican Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) Recent Chinese immigrants have breathed new life warned that gentrification threatens the sustainability into older Chinatowns in California and New York, such of Chinatowns in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. as Manhattan’s Chinatown, by investing in businesses Although these three Chinatowns are comprised pri- such as sewing factories. The influx of investment boost- marily of small businesses related to the food industry, ed local employment
Recommended publications
  • International Grocery Stores and Restaurants.Pdf
    Next door to Newton is the town of Waltham, where a five minute drive from campus will bring you to Waltham’s busy and international Moody Street. Moody Street is home to many international restaurants and grocery stores. Hopefully you can find some familiar foods from home or at least the ingredients to cook a meal for yourself. You may find that the food served in these restaurants is slightly Americanized, but hopefully you’ll still be able to enjoy the familiar smells and tastes of home. A number of these restaurants also have food delivery to your room. You can call the restaurant and ask if they deliver. Be prepared with your address to tell the driver where to bring the food! Greek International Food Market The Reliable Market 5204 Washington St, West Roxbury, MA 02132 45 Union Square, Somerville MA, 02143 9:00AM - 8:00PM (Bus 85) (617) 553-8038 Japanese and Korean groceries at good prices. greekintlmarket.com Mon – Wed 9:30AM - 9:00PM farm-grill.com Thu – Fri 9:30AM - 10:00PM specialtyfoodimports.com Sat 9:00 AM - 10:00 PM Sun 9:00 AM - 9:00 PM Hong Kong Market (617) 623-9620 1095 Commonwealth Ave, Boston MA, (Packard's Corner, Green Line B) Ebisuya Japanese Market Enormous supermarket stocked with imported foods 65 Riverside Ave, Medford MA, 02155 from all over Asia, plus fresh meats & seafood. (Bus 96 to Medford Square) Mon-Thu, Sat-Sun 9AM – 9PM Very fresh sushi-grade fish here. Fri 9AM – 10PM Open 10:00 AM - 8:00 PM (781) 391-0012 C Mart ebisuyamarket.com 109 Lincoln St, Boston MA 02111 (Chinatown Station, Orange Line) The Shops at Porter Square This Asian supermarket carries an extensive University Hall, 1815 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge selection of produce, seafood, meat & imported foods.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Holiday Livestream Performance Sunday, December 20, 2020, 3Pm Island Holiday Sunday, December 20, 2020 | Youtube Live
    2020 VIRTUAL PERFORMANCE ISLAND HOLIDAY LIVESTREAM PERFORMANCE SUNDAY, DECEMBER 20, 2020, 3PM ISLAND HOLIDAY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 20, 2020 | YOUTUBE LIVE with Special Guests Kronos Quartet David Harrington, violin John Sherba, violin Hank Dutt, viola Sunny Yang, cello Kronos Quartet appears courtesy of Kronos Performing Arts Association Sean San José, stage director Joan Osato, video designer Florante Aguilar, ukulele and guitar Robert Huw Morgan, organ The Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Sirkhane Social Circus School, Turkey 2 PROGRAM CHORUS SCHOOL LEVEL II Monica Covitt, director; Astghik Sakanyan, piano Addison Li, Madison Chow, Giovanna Barroso, soloists ¡Ay, Mi Palomita! (Oh! My Little Dove) Traditional Lullaby from the Dominican Republic and other Latin American Countries arr. Juan Tony Guzmán CHORUS SCHOOL LEVEL IV Anne Hege, director; Level IV Sectional Leaders, body percussion Son de Camaguey Cuban folk song, arr. with additional music by Stephen Hatfield CHORUS SCHOOL TRAINING CHORUS, in collaboration with BAYVIEW OPERA HOUSE Othello Jefferson, Christopher Street, directors Othello Jefferson, piano Bassez Down (Dance Low Down) West Indian Folk Song, arr. Othello Jefferson CHORUS SCHOOL PREP CHORUS, in collaboration with BAYVIEW OPERA HOUSE Christopher Street, director Three Little Birds Bob Marley, arr. Christopher Street PREMIER ENSEMBLE Valérie Sainte-Agathe, Artistic Director Seven Principles Bernice Johnson Reagon 3 CHORUS SCHOOL LEVEL III Terry Alvord, director; Angela Rey, piano Selections from Cinq Chansons Folkloriques d’Haiti arr. Electo Silva Feill’ oh Dodo Titit PREMIER ENSEMBLE Valérie Sainte-Agathe, Artistic Director Chesley Mok, piano; Maggie Lu, flute Mi Zeh Hidlik Yiddish Traditional, arr. Elliot Z. Levine Deck the Hall Traditional Welsh Carol, arr.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Order Form
    Association of Asian American Studies Virtual Book Fair | August 10-14, 2020 www.dukeupress.edu 30% conference discount valid through 30 September 2020 You can find more information about DUP sociology books and journals online in our virtual display. Please be aware that orders may take 4-6 weeks to process and ship. HOW TO PLACE YOUR ORDER ONLINE: Use coupon code AAASBF20 at checkout on dukeupress.edu. Use the link next to each title to navigate directly to the book or journal page. BY FAX: Fax the completed order form to +1 (919) 688-2615 or toll free to +1 (888) 651-0124. BY POST: Mail the completed order form to Duke University Press Orders, Box 90660, Durham, NC 27708-0660 USA. BY PHONE: Call us at +1 (888) 651-0122 (US & Canada) or +1 (919) 688-5134 (International) to place your order. PLEASE NOTE: Journal issues and subscriptions may only be purchased online or by phone. POSTAGE AND HANDLING US: $5 for the first item + $1 for each additional item Canada: $7 for the first item + $2 for each additional item Outside US and Canada: $7 for the first item + $3 for each additional item $ Total Cost of Books $ Postage $ NC Residents, Add 7.5% Sales Tax $ Canada Residents, Add 5% GST $ Grand Total / Credit Card Expiration Date Last 4 Digits of Credit Card Number SHIPPING Name Address 1 Address 2 City State/Province/Region ZIP/Postal Code Country Phone Number Email 30% conference discount with code AAASBF20, valid through 30 September 2020. All titles are sorted alphabetically by author.
    [Show full text]
  • Mothers Across Borders: a Transnational Analysis Of
    MOTHERS ACROSS BORDERS: A TRANSNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF PARENTING BETWEEN INDIAN MOTHERS IN EDISON AND KOLKATA by MADHURIMA DAS A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Sociology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2017 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Madhurima Das Title: Mothers Across Borders: A Transnational Analysis of Parenting Between Indian Mothers in Edison and Kolkata This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Sociology by: Eileen Otis Chairperson Ellen Scott Core Member Jill Harrison Core Member Arafaat Valiani Institutional Representative and Scott L. Pratt Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2017 ii © 2017 Madhurima Das iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Madhurima Das Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology June 2017 Title: Mothers Across Borders: A Transnational Analysis of Parenting Between Indian Mothers in Edison and Kolkata. This dissertation addresses the central question- How are parenting methodologies across the sending and receiving nations shaped by larger macro forces embedded in economy and labor market forces? In order to answer this key question this project analyzes interviews with 59 middle-class mothers in Edison, New Jersey and Kolkata, India. This project contributes to the larger scope of immigration and transnational studies while placing them at the cross section of globalization of economy, labor market and education. The first chapter examines extensively the schooling systems in Edison and Kolkata and the ways it shapes parenting methods in these two locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Little India Guide Discover a Cultural Experience Beyond Words a Unique Blend of the Best of the Modern World and Rich Cultures to Deliver Enriching
    Little India Guide Discover a Cultural Experience beyond words A unique blend of the best of the modern world and rich cultures to deliver enriching experiences CONTENTS Sights of Little India 5 Hallmarks of Little India 13 Souvenirs of Little India 16 Flavours of Little India 20 Nightlife in Little India 26 Festivals in Little India 29 Recommended guided tours 31 MRT and LRT System Map 32 Essential Visitors Information 34 Singapore Tourism Board 36 International Offices Places of Interest 38 Singapore Visitors Centres 42 Sights of Little India Be awed by intricate visages like elaborate gopuram, sculptured tower with carvings derived from Hindu mythology, as well as rare sights like Singapore’s last traditional spice grinder. Get ready for a titillating experience in Little India. Places of worship Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple 141 Serangoon Road Built in 1885, this historical temple is dedicated to Kali, the Goddess of Power and the ferocious incarnation of Lord Shiva’s wife. Veeramakaliamman means ‘Kali the Courageous’. True to its name, this temple courageously offered refuge to many during World War II. Devotees entering the temple ring the many bells on its door, hoping to have their requests granted. At the main shrine is a multi-armed statue of Kali, flanked by her sons Ganesha the Elephant God (also known as the Remover of Obstacles), and Murugan the God of War, often depicted riding a peacock. LIFE IN LITTLE INDIA When to visit: This intriguing enclave of Indian culture and tradition began 5.30am - 9.00pm daily (except 12.30pm - 4.00pm) as brick kilns in the 1820s.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DIASPORA a Symposium On
    THE DIASPORA a symposium on Indian-Americans and the motherland symposium participants THE PROBLEM A short statement of the issues involved LABOUR AND LONGING Vinay Lal, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles DUSRA HINDUSTAN Vijay Prashad, International Studies Program, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut FIRM OPINIONS, INFIRM FACTS Devesh Kapur, Associate Professor of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts LUNCH WITH A BIGOT Amitava Kumar, Professor of English, Penn State University, Pennsylvania WHOSE IDENTITY IS IT ANYWAY? Shekhar Deshpande, Associate Professor and Director Communications Program, Arcadia University; Media Editor, ‘Little India Magazine’, Glenside, PA PROFILE OF A DIASPORIC COMMUNITY Sonalde Desai, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, MD and Rahul Kanakia, student, Stanford University, California ARTS AND THE DIASPORA Vidya Dahejia, holds the Barbara Stoler Miller Chair of Indian Art at Columbia University, New York, and is Director of Columbia’s Southern Asian Institute, NY CONSTRICTING HYBRIDITY Rajika Puri, is an exponent of Bharatnatyam and Odissi; Contributing Editor, ‘NewsIndia Times’, New York THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS Sangeeta Ray, Associate Professor of English, University of Maryland, MD WASHINGTON’S NEW STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP Robert M. Hathaway, Director, South Asia Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC LIVING THE AMERICAN DREAM Marina Budhos, author, Maplewood, New Jersey LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION Mira Kamdar, Senior Fellow, World Policy Institute at New School University, New York BOOKS Reviewed by Aloka Parasher-Sen, Ratnakar Tripathy and Rajat Khosla COMMENT Received from Susan Visvanathan, JNU, Delhi IN MEMORIAM Komal Kothari BACKPAGE COVER Designed by Akila Seshasayee The problem DESPITE a long history of exchange and migration, it is only recently that Indians abroad have started attracting attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Clemente C. Morales Family Salinas, California
    The Filipino American Experience Research Project Copyright © October 3, 1998 The Filipino American Experience Research Project Clemente C. Morales Family Salinas, California Edited by Alex S. Fabros, Jr., The Filipino American Experience Research Project is an independent research project of The Filipino American National Historical Society Page 1 The Filipino American Experience Research Project Copyright © October 3, 1998 The Filipino American Experience Research Project Copyright (c) October 3, 1998 by Alex S. Fabros, Jr. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or broadcast. Published in the United States by: The Filipino American Experience Research Project, Fresno, California. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 95-Pending First Draft Printing: 08/05/98 For additional information: The Filipino American Experience Research Project is an independent project within The Filipino American National Historical Society - FRESNO ALEX S. FABROS, JR. 4199 W. Alhambra Street Fresno, CA 93722 209-275-8849 The Filipino American Experience Research Project-SFSU is an independent project sponsored by Filipino American Studies Department of Asian American Studies College of Ethnic Studies San Francisco State University 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco, CA 94132 415-338-6161 (Office) 415-338-1739 (FAX) Page 2 The Filipino American Experience Research Project Copyright © October 3, 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • WCARB Region 6 2017 Regional Summit Meeting Materials – Jersey City, NJ
    WCARB Region 6 2017 Regional Summit Meeting Materials – Jersey City, NJ 2017 NCARB Regional Summit AGENDA Hyatt Regency Jersey City Jersey City, NJ March 10-11, 2017 Thursday, March 9 6:30 p.m. – 9:30 p.m. Icebreaker Reception and Summit Registration Liberty Science Center 222 Jersey City Boulevard, Jersey City, NJ 07305 Buses will begin departing from the hotel at 6:00 p.m. 8:30 p.m. – 9:30 p.m. Guest Lecture Title: The 9/11 Memorial Museum: Memory, Authenticity, Scale, and Emotion Speakers: Carl Krebs, FAIA and Mark Wagner Davis Brody Bond AIA CES: 1.00 LU Carl Krebs, FAIA, architect of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, will explain the process that led to the design of the museum at Ground Zero and explore the issues surrounding the development of this historic site. Topics will include: • Preservation of public access to many of the surviving in-situ artifacts of the World Trade Center site, including the foundations of the Twin Towers, the slurry wall, and the “Survivors’ Stairs.” • Means of integrating exhibit content and narrative into architectural form. • Collaboration with family members, survivors, preservationists, community residents, scholars, and curators. Friday, March 10 7:30 a.m. Breakfast for Attendees and Guests Manhattan Ballroom, Ninth Floor 8:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Plenary Session Hudson Ballroom, Third Floor • Welcome Edmeades/Erny • President Remarks Harding • Officer Candidate Speeches • Introduction of Resolutions Calvani 10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. Break 10:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Regional Meetings Lunch will be served in Regional Meetings Region 1- Harborside I, Third Floor Region 2- Holland I, Third Floor Region 3- Liberty II, Third Floor Region 4- Riverside, First Floor Region 5- Harborside II, Third Floor Region 6- Palisades III, Third Floor 6:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Development Challenges for Immigrant Retail Corridors
    EDQXXX10.1177/0891242417730401Economic Development QuarterlyGandhi and Minner 730401research-article2017 Article Economic Development Quarterly 2017, Vol. 31(4) 342 –359 Economic Development Challenges for © The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Immigrant Retail Corridors: Observations DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242417730401 10.1177/0891242417730401 From Chicago’s Devon Avenue journals.sagepub.com/home/edq Akshali Gandhi1 and Jennifer Minner2 Abstract Immigrant entrepreneurship is important to local and regional economies, cultural identity, placemaking, and tourism. Meanwhile, regional conditions, such as the development of suburban immigrant gateway communities and increases in the cost of business ownership, complicate local economic development efforts in urban ethnic districts. This research is presented as a mixed–methods case study of Devon Avenue in Chicago, IL, home to a significant concentration of South Asian–owned immigrant businesses. Challenges and pressures facing businesses are examined through merchant surveys and interviews. Observations reinforce the notion that cultural competency and strong grassroots leadership is vital for economic development planning so that “capitalizing” on an ethnic heritage does not become a tool for commodification or commercial gentrification. Agencies must also be mindful of the impacts associated with suburbanization of immigrant communities and take a long-term, regional approach to planning in ethnic commercial corridors. Keywords commercial corridors, ethnic corridors, immigrant-owned businesses, commercial gentrification Local governments and tourism agencies seek to enhance socioeconomic conditions, such as the development of new and showcase local neighborhoods and retail corridors for suburban immigrant gateway communities (Singer, economic development purposes (Ashutosh, 2008; Hardwick, & Brettell, 2008) and increases in the cost of busi- Loukaitou-Sideris, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • A Spatial Comparison of Historic Filipinotown and Its Cultural
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE The Invisible Town: A Spatial Comparison of Historic Filipinotown and its Cultural Symbols A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Geographic Information Science By Kenneth Banares August 2018 Copyright by Kenneth Banares 2018 ii This thesis of Kenneth Banares is approved: ___________________________________________ ____________________ Dr. Steve Graves Date ___________________________________________ ____________________ Dr. James Craine Date ___________________________________________ ____________________ Dr. Ron Davidson, Chair Date California State University, Northridge iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the California State University, Northridge Department of Geography and Environmental Studies for allowing me to follow my passion and love for Geography. Without you, I would be nowhere. Dr. Steve Graves and Dr. James Craine, thank you for agreeing to be a part of my thesis committee. Also, I would like to give a special thanks to my chair, Dr. Ron Davidson for helping me find a thesis topic that not only interests me, but also taught me a lot about myself. To my friends and family that was there for me, your loving support and encouragement gave me the strength to go on and pursue a degree that I was born to complete. iv Dedication This thesis is dedicated to all my friends and family. Also, I dedicate this thesis to my late grandma, Carolina Panlilio Lingat. Without her, I would not have been the man I am today. No words can express how much I miss you. You were the foundation to our whole family. Love you Lola. v Table of Contents Signature Page ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 PUBLIC COUNSEL MARK ROSENBAUM (State Bar No. 59940
    1 PUBLIC COUNSEL MARK ROSENBAUM (State Bar No. 59940) 2 [email protected] AMANDA SAVAGE (State Bar No. 325996) 3 [email protected] 610 S. Ardmore Avenue, 4 Los Angeles, CA 90005 Tel: (213) 385-2977 - Fax: (213) 385-9089 5 6 SCHEPER KIM & HARRIS LLP GREGORY A. ELLIS (State Bar No. 204478) 7 [email protected] KATHERINE B. FARKAS (State Bar No. 234924) 8 [email protected] MICHAEL L. LAVETTER (State Bar No. 224423) 9 [email protected] 800 West Sixth Street, 18th Floor 10 Los Angeles, California 90017-2701 Tel: (213) 613-4655 - Fax: (213) 613-4656 11 Additional Counsel listed on next page 12 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 13 SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 14 COUNTY OF ALAMEDA, RENE C. DAVIDSON COURTHOUSE 15 KAWIKA SMITH, through his guardian ad CASE NO. RG19046222 litem LEILANI REED; GLORIA D., through (Consolidated with RG19046343) 16 her guardian ad litem DIANA I; STEPHEN C., through his guardian ad litem, MARGARET F.; Judge: Hon. Brad Seligman 17 ALEXANDRA VILLEGAS, an individual; GARY W., an individual; CHINESE FOR 18 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, a nonprofit DECLARATION OF PATRICIA organization; COLLEGE ACCESS PLAN, a GÁNDARA, PH.D. IN SUPPORT OF 19 nonprofit organization; COLLEGE SEEKERS, a PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR nonprofit organization; COMMUNITY PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION 20 COALITION, a nonprofit organization; DOLORES HUERTA FOUNDATION, a Date: August 20, 2020 21 nonprofit organization; and LITTLE MANILA Time: 3:00 p.m. RISING, a nonprofit organization, Dept.: 23 22 Reservation ID: R-2193299 Plaintiff, 23 v. Action Filed: December 10, 2019 24 Trial Date: None Set REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF 25 CALIFORNIA; JANET NAPOLITANO, in her official capacity as President of the University of 26 California; and DOES 1-100, 27 Defendant.
    [Show full text]
  • Filipino Americans in Los Angeles Historic Context Statement
    LOS ANGELES CITYWIDE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT Context: Filipino Americans in Los Angeles, 1903-1980 Prepared for: City of Los Angeles Department of City Planning Office of Historic Resources August 2018 National Park Service, Department of the Interior Grant Disclaimer This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Historic Preservation Fund, National Park Service, Department of the Interior. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior. SurveyLA Citywide Historic Context Statement Filipino Americans in Los Angeles, 1903-1980 TABLE OF CONTENTS PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1 CONTRIBUTORS 1 PREFACE 2 HISTORIC CONTEXT 10 Introduction 10 Terms and Definitions 10 Beginnings, 1898-1903 11 Early Filipino Immigration to Southern California, 1903-1923 12 Filipino Settlement in Los Angeles: Establishing a Community, 1924-1945 16 Post-World War II and Maturing of the Community, 1946-1964 31 Filipino American Los Angeles, 1965-1980 42 ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES AND ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY 73 APPENDICES: Appendix A: Filipino American Known and Designated Resources Appendix B: SurveyLA’s Asian American Historic Context Statement Advisory Committee SurveyLA Citywide Historic Context Statement Filipino Americans in Los Angeles, 1903-1980 PURPOSE AND SCOPE In 2016, the City of Los Angeles Office of Historic Resources (OHR) received an Underrepresented Communities grant from the National Park Service to develop a National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) and associated historic contexts for five Asian American communities in Los Angeles: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, and Filipino.
    [Show full text]