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WHO VBC 76.606 Eng.Pdf WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WHO/VBC/76.606 ORGANISATION MONDIAL£ DE LA SANTE ENGLISH ONLY FIELD TRIALS USING FENTHION, PROPOXUR, MALATHION, PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL INDEX El:. AND JODFENPHOS FOR THE CONTROL OF RHODNIUS PROLIXUS IN VENEZUELA by 1 2 . 3 F. Nocerino A., H. Rodriguez M., B. Sanchez D~az J. V. Valenzuela,4 M. A. OteroA.,5 andR. J. 1bnn6 INTRODUCTION This note reports the results of small-scale field trials against Rhodnius prolixus using a portable mist blower and a Hudson X-pert type sprayer to apply several different test insecticides. STUDY AREA The study area included the villages of Tierra Caliente, El Potrero, Valle del Rio and Solano located in the northern mountainous part of the state of Cojedes, Venezuela. Routine spraying with dieldrin and HCH was stopped in 1971 in this area and infestation rates were again high. METHODS AND MATERIALS Villages and treatments received are given in Table 1. Hatsuta mist blowers were used for the applications of fenthion, propoxur, pirimiphos - methyl and malathion. Calibration of discharge rates are given in Table 2. Jodfenphos was applied with a Hudson X-pert type sprayer. Evaluation of treatments was done by insecticide bioassay of treated walls, insecticide susceptibility tests and man-hour bug collections. Captured bugs were counted and released at the site of collection. No studies on toxicology ·were done, but staff were trained to observe normal safety precautions while working. The people in the villages were asked to cover or remove food and water and not to enter the houses for 30 minutes after spraying. A follow-up visit was made to each house to check on any illness or animal deaths. RESULTS (1) The results of the insecticide susceptibility test showed that there was lOO% mortality after 24 hours of 10 R. prolixus nymphs exposed to each of the following insecticides: 1.6% fenthion, 0.4% propoxur, and 3.2% pirimiphos-methyl. Malathion at a concentration of 6.4% produced lOO% mortality only after an exposure of 144 hours. 1 Chief, Insecticide Evaluation Section, Endemias Rurales, Maracay. 2 Chief, Technical Development Section, Endemias Rurales, Maracay. 3 Chief, Department of Vector Control, Endemias Rurales, Maracay. 4 Chief, Zona 22, Malariologia, San Carlos. 5 Chief, Zona 7, Malariologia, Acarigua. 6 Chief, CDVRU, Acarigua. The issue of this document does not constitute Ce document ne constitue pas une publication. formal publication. lt should not be reviewed, 11 ne doit faire l'objet d'aucun compte rendu ou abstracted or quoted without the agreement of resume ni d'aucune citation sans l'autorisation de the World Health Organization. Authors alone !'Organisation Mondiale de la Sante. Les opinions are responsible for views expressed in signed exprimees dans les articles signes n'engagent articles. que leurs auteurs. WHO/VBC/76.606 page 2 (2) Bioassays of walls using 10 R. prolixus exposed for 24 hours produced erratic results (Fig. 1). (3) The results of R. prolixus collected per man-hour are given in Tables 3 and 4. Six houses were used in Manrique, the check village. All were positive during each inspection and collections varied from 12 to 15 bugs per hour. (4) Re-infestation was greater in houses with palm roofs than with metal roofs. One month after mist blower treatment 21% of houses with metal roofs were positive and by four months 42% were positive. In houses with palm roofs 38% were positive after one month and 70% were positive at four months. (5) Inspections showed that the walls, beds, animal shelter and house roof were the most important sources of bugs before and after treatment. Also, 68% of the bugs were found inside and 32% outside of the house. DISCUSSION No mortality of domestic animals was reported and no complaints of odours or sickness were received from the people. The mist blowers were accepted by the people. The spraymen did not like the machines which were heavy, noisy and vibrated. They had trouble entering some rooms with them, and the plastic tubing carrying air and insecticides broke frequently. Advantages of the mist blowers were speed, ease of operation and penetration power of insecticides into cracks in walls and higher levels of roofs. Bioassay techniques for evaluation of insecticide coverage by mist blowers were of limited value. Insecticide coverage was not uniform and little residual effect was noted. The wide variety of construction materials used in housing makes any results difficult to evaluate. The man-hour collections showed a reduction of R. prolixus with every insecticide except malathion. Susceptibility tests confirmed that malathion would not produce the desired results with the dosage used. The best results were obtained using jodfenphos wettable powder applied by a Hudson X-pert type sprayer. However, all trials with the mist blowers produced poor results because of under-treatment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Victor H. Mendez, Abel R. Hernandez, S. Bonilla, J. Jiminez and M. Morales, Supervisors of Endemias Rurales, Malariologia. WHO/VBC/76.606 page 3 TABLE 1. INFORMATION ON TREATMENTS Insecticides used 95% EC 25% EC 96% EC 50% EC 15% EC 50% WP Fenthion Propoxur Malathion Pirimiphos Propoxur IJodfenphos Tierra Tierra Tierra Valle de] Village C El Potrero So1an~ Ca1iente A Caliente B Caliente Rio Total Houses Sprayed 19 17 27 27 19 36 Total Insecticide Used 4 240 ml 5 670 m1 10 520 ml 12 550 12 000 54 kg Application Rate/sgM 1.52 ml 1.54 ml 1.80 ml 2.1 ml +2.9 m1 1.5 kg + + Dosage Rate/sgM 0.96 gr 0.41 gr -1.80 gr :!:"l.o gr -0.43 gr :!:"2.5 gr + 3 . + 3 . + . Average Spraying time/ 2 min. 2 min, - m~n. - m~n. - 3 m~n. :!:"6o min. house 8 sec. 7 sec. ~ Solano was treated with a wettable powder applied with Hudson X-pert type sprayer. Other areas treated with Hatsuta mist blower. TABLE 2. CALIBRATION OF MIST BLOWER Discharge rate (ml/min.) Insecticide Concentration Sprayer 1 Sprayer 2 Fenthion 95% 137 142 Propoxur 25% 173 190 Propoxur 15% 247 253 Malathion 96% 175 150 Pirimiphos-methyl 50% 176 225 WHO/VBC/76. 606 page 4 TABLE 3. RESULTS OF MAN-HOUR COLLECTIONS MADE IN TRIAL VILLAGES R. prolixus per Man-Hour Week of Examination 95% 25% 96% 50% Pirimiphos- 15% 50% WP Fenthion Propoxur Malathion Methyl Propoxur Jodfenphos Pre-Treat 20.5 20.5 23.4 8.6 18.9 11.3 1 1.6 1.0 14.0 0.4 4.0 3.7~ 3 0.2 3.8 19.6 0.2 5.8 3.1~ 6 0.5 11.3 20.8 0.6 3.8 0.02 10 0.2 9.0 23.2 1.8 4.0 0.06 14 1.9 22.3 40.2 4.4 11.9 0.1 18 4.5 31.7 31.3 10.4 15.4 1.06 22 - - - - - 1.46 26 - - - - - 4.0 ~Based on six houses not the entire village. TABLE 4. PERCENTAGE OF HOUSES POSITIVE FOR R. PROLIXUS IN TRIAL VILLAGES Week of 95% 25% 96% 50% Pirimiphos- 15% 50% WP Examination Fenthion Propoxur Malathion Methyl Propoxur Jodfenphos Pre-Treat lOO lOO lOO lOO lOO 93 1 50 20 lOO 40 67 5~ 3 17 40 lOO 20 50 67~ 6 27 62 80 17 55 7 10 12 67 76 32 69 3 14 54 100 96 41 58 10 18 54 91 82 80 58 45 22 -- - - - 50 26 -- - - - 69 ~ Based on six houses not the entire village. WHO/VBC/76.606 page 5 Fig. l. Results of Bioassays on Insecticide Treated Walls in the Village 1 90 Fenthion 80 70 60 ... , 50 ... ,."' \ 40 "' ', Propoxur 25 \ I \ / 30 ~~ i I \ // e \. ' \\ /1 J\\ \ ,' \ ," ~ 20 '\. X I \ I \ " '\ ~ 'I ''----_J ' " ____. 10 ' ~ \ 'V" \__ .,__ '..,.-?--,""---Malathion 0 - ~ ~" lOO 90 80 70 ' ' 60 ' i " " ' 50 ' ' ~ Pirimiphos-methyl 40 \ \ 30 ' -- _. ~- Jodfenphos 20 --- ' " , 10 " Propoxur 15 " ' '.---/ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Weeks _,_ _,_ -·-.
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