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The Historic Town of Hua Hin: the Impact of Urbanism and a New Paradigm for Sustainable Tourism

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The Historic Town of Hua Hin: the Impact of Urbanism and a New Paradigm for Sustainable Tourism THE HISTORIC TOWN OF HUA HIN: THE IMPACT OF URBANISM AND A NEW PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM By MS. Angkana YAIYONG A Thesis Submitted in partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2017 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University - โดย MS.Angkana YAIYONG วทิ ยานิพนธ์น้ีเป็นส่วนหน่ึงของการศึกษาตามหลกั สูตรปรัชญาดุษฎีบณั ฑิต สาขาวิชาArchitectural Heritage Management and Tourism Plan 2.2 บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร ปีการศึกษา 2560 ลิขสิทธ์ิของบณั ฑิตวทิ ยาลยั มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร THE HISTORIC TOWN OF HUA HIN: THE IMPACT OF URBANISM AND A NEW PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM By MS. Angkana YAIYONG A Thesis Submitted in partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2017 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University 4 Title THE HISTORIC TOWN OF HUA HIN: THE IMPACT OF URBANISM AND A NEW PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM By Angkana YAIYONG Field of Study (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Advisor William Chapman Architecture Silpakorn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Dean of graduate school (Assoc. Prof. Panjai Tantatsanawong, Ph.D.) Approved by Chair person ( Kreangkrai Kerdsiri , Ph.D.) Advisor (Professor William Chapman , Ph.D.) External Examiner (Emeritus Professor Ornsiri Panin ) D ABST RACT 55056958 : Major (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Keyword : HUA HIN, IMPACTS, TOURISM DEVELOPMENT MS. ANGKANA YAIYONG : THE HISTORIC TOWN OF HUA HIN: THE IMPACT OF URBANISM AND A NEW PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM THESIS ADVISOR : PROFESSOR WILLIAM CHAPMAN, PH.D. This study aims (1) to understand background, identity, the uniqueness of Hua Hin, (2) to analyze the heritage and assess its values, (3) to analyze tourism impacts on urbanism in Hua Hin, (4) to provide a new paradigm for tourism management in order to sustain the heritage and tourism in Hua Hin This study has found that the community in Hua Hin has been in existence since in the reign of King Rama III, extending to the period of construction of the southern railways, which was in the end of reign of King Rama V and into that of King Rama VI. The community’s prosperity accompanied the development of the southern rails. Hua Hin soon became a well-known town and remains so today. Tourism promotion by the government from the past until present has consistently developed transportation increasingly more comfortable system, which has resulted in continual increases in the number of visitors. The impacts from tourism are shown to be both positive and negative in various aspects, including social and cultural, economics, environment and physical. This research it emphasizes from that urbanism has also affected people and the physical character of the city. And the finding has been to impact on residents. Non stakeholders have been disturbed by the impacts of tourism on their daily lives in contrast to the stakeholders. In response to this concern , the ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Charter, Burra Charter and sustainability tools enhance the Community- Based Tourism’s Principle are proposed as a new paradigm for sustainable tourism management in Hua Hin. E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was granted a scholarship subsidy from the annual government budget (General subsidy category) of the Graduate School Annual budget 2016 (Round 2/2016), Graduate School of Silpakorn University. I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. William R. Chapman, my advisor who has always given valuable advice that benefitted this research, and to Dr. Kreangkrai Kirdsiri, who always gave useful advice from a broader perspective. This dissertation would never have been completed without the great support of both of them. I also would like to extend my special thanks to the Graduate School of Silpakorn University for the scholarship subsidy and to all faculty members, staffs, especially my classmates in the Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism Program for their great support and friendship. Furthermore I would like to express my sincere thanks to P’Udomsak Phet- udom, staff of Engineering Division of Hua Hin Municipality and Kru Somboon, P’Toom leader of Samor Reang and Chai Talay and Kru Chuchit from Poonsuk community for sharing information about Hua Hin and community. Last but not least, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my beloved father and mother, my aunt, my lecturers and friends from Srinakharinwirot University and unnamed friends who have always supported and encouraged me to take another step ahead. Finally, I would like to dedicate the value and benefit of this study to all of my teachers, lecturers and my beloved father. Angkana YAIYONG F TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. D ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... E TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... F LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... I LIST OF DIAGRAMS ................................................................................................... J LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... K Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Statement of Problem ................................................................................................ 1 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 3 The objectives ............................................................................................................ 4 Scope of the study ...................................................................................................... 4 Research Methodology .............................................................................................. 5 Summary of chapters ................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 2 Research Methodology .................................................................................. 8 Research questions ..................................................................................................... 8 Research framework .................................................................................................. 8 Research design ......................................................................................................... 9 Data collection ........................................................................................................... 9 Qualitative sampling ................................................................................................ 10 Data analysis ............................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 3 Literature Review ........................................................................................ 13 Theoretical on tourism development ....................................................................... 14 International Charters and Declarations related....................................................... 17 ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Charter ............................................ 17 G Burra Charter the Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance .............................................................................................. 21 Hoi An Protocols ............................................................................................... 23 Tourism .................................................................................................................... 24 Mass Tourism .................................................................................................... 27 Cultural Tourism / Heritage Tourism ................................................................ 29 Sustainable Tourism .......................................................................................... 33 Community-Based Tourism (CBT) ................................................................... 43 Tourism trends ................................................................................................... 44 Tourism Impacts ...................................................................................................... 52 Social and Cultural Impacts .............................................................................. 56 Economic Impacts ............................................................................................. 57 Environmental Impacts ...................................................................................... 64 Physical Impacts ................................................................................................ 65 Related features ....................................................................................................... 68 The study for the conservation concept
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