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Astrojildo Pereira E José Carlos Mariátegui Na Construção Do Marxismo Latino-Americano

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Astrojildo Pereira E José Carlos Mariátegui Na Construção Do Marxismo Latino-Americano UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS EM DESENVOLVIMENTO, AGRICULTURA E SOCIEDADE – CPDA TESE A Idade da Revolução: Astrojildo Pereira e José Carlos Mariátegui na construção do marxismo latino-americano HÉLIO DE LENA JÚNIOR Rio de Janeiro 2007 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS EM DESENVOLVIMENTO, AGRICULTURA E SOCIEDADE – CPDA TESE A Idade da Revolução: Astrojildo Pereira e José Carlos Mariátegui na construção do marxismo latino-americano HÉLIO DE LENA JÚNIOR Sob a Orientação da Professora Dra. Eli de Fátima Napoleão de Lima Tese submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências, no Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Novembro de 2007 II UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS EM DESENVOLVIMENTO, AGRICULTURA E SOCIEDADE - CPDA. HÉLIO DE LENA JÚNIOR Tese submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências, no Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade. TESE APROVADA EM 07 / 11 / 2007 ___________________________________________________ Eli de Fátima Napoleão de Lima. Dra. CPDA - UFRuralRJ (Orientadora) ___________________________________________________ Dulce Pandolfi. Dra. CPDOC - FGV _____________________________________________________ Lincoln de Abreu Penna. Dr. Universidade Salgado de Oliveira ___________________________________________________ Héctor Alberto Alimonda. Dr. CPDA - UFRuralRJ ___________________________________________________ Luiz Flávio de Carvalho Costa Dr. CPDA - UFRuralRJ III Para meus pais, Therezinha e Hélio, pelo amor, carinho, apoio e força. Para Abigail Ribeiro Gomes, pelo amor incondicional e pelos frutos que virão. IV Tua cor é o que eles olham, velha chaga Teu sorriso é o que eles temem, medo, medo Feira moderna, o convite sensual Oh! telefonista, a palavra já morreu Meu coração é novo Meu coração é novo E eu nem li o jornal Nessa caverna, o convite é sempre igual Oh! telefonista, se a distância já morreu Independência ou morte Descansa em berço forte A paz na Terra amém Feira moderna (Beto Guedes, Lô Borges e Fernando Brant) V AGRADECIMENTOS Um trabalho como este, nunca é fruto de uma jornada solitária. Mesmo que algumas vezes tenhamos esta ilusão. Tenho o dever e o compromisso moral de agradecer a todos, que em qualquer medida, me ajudaram nesta caminhada, ora prazerosa, ora penosa. Primeiramente, gostaria de agradecer aos meus pais, Therezinha e Hélio, pela formação ético-moral que me deram. Sem ela, eu não seria nada do que sou hoje. À Abigail Ribeiro Gomes, companheira, incansável, desde a primeira hora. Que soube dividir as alegrias e suportar, pacientemente, as minhas crises intelectuais. Soube rir comigo e de mim. Chorou sozinha e acompanhada. Obrigado pelo teu amor. Sem ele eu nada seria. Ao amigo Edson Teixeira da Silva Júnior, que desde os tempos de Vassouras acreditou que eu chegaria aqui. Aquele que em Gragoatá mostrou sua retidão de caráter. Azar o deles! Que em 3 Poços quebrou meus galhos. Valeu pelos caminhos das pedras! Meu amigo e irmão, o meu muito obrigado! Ao amigo Alexandre de Sá Avelar, que me perturbou, quase que diariamente, perguntando quando a tese sairia. Chegamos ao fim! Ao casal Israel Faria Gomes e Abigail Ribeiro Gomes, pelas tardes de domingo. Futebol e café, muito bom! Se estive ausente, acreditem, foi por um causa nobre. Débora e Miguelzinho & Priscila e Israel, obrigado pela torcida. Lucas, conserve eternamente a alegria de ser criança. Eu ainda mantenho a minha! Maria Luísa, seja bem vinda! A todos os meus familiares e aos familiares da Abigail, obrigado pela torcida. À República do Catete. República dos “Migués”. Tempos bons. Saudades eternas. Marcelo, pela tua amizade sincera. Ao Cloviomar, pela amizade fraternal, afetuosa e desprendida. Ao Luzimar (Mazinho) que me ensinou antropologia pelo exemplo. Ao Olavo, que pouco ficou, valeu pelo liquidificador. Ao Rômulo, baiano de Montes Claros – eu não ia perder a piada – pela companhia nas cervejas de quarta-feira. À Flaviane que passou rápido demais para eu saber quem era. À Gilmara, pela moral na cozinha, em sua curta hospedagem. A todos que passaram, não foram poucos, pela República do Catete, o meu muito obrigado. Clayton, vizinho e visitante constante à República, obrigado pela contribuição intelectual. Sílvia, ainda espero o chimarrão. Biancca, muito obrigado pela amizade. Maurílio, obrigado pelas sugestões de leitura e pelas contribuições sobre o marxismo. À “Turma do Aparelho”. Guilherme obrigado por me apresentar “um outro” José de Souza Martins. Beatris, “relaxa, o texto é o mesmo!” Carla, pela confecção do café, ele salvou meu cigarro várias vezes. Rejane, o mangue-beat ainda faz minha cabeça. Ao Paulo Bahia, obrigado pelas dicas. VI A todos os colegas do CPDA, o meu muito obrigado pela convivência cordial. Ilson, segura esta conta até a bolsa sair? O meu muito obrigado pela paciência e presteza na fotocópia. À Professora Ely de Fátima Napoleão de Lima agradeço por respeitar minhas escolhas, ouvir minhas lamentações e pela orientação amiga. Os erros contidos aqui são de minha inteira responsabilidade. Ao Professor Raimundo Santos, muitíssimo obrigado pelas disciplinas oferecidas e por me possibilitar ler e entender o campesinato pela chave do marxismo. Eu pensei que isto não seria possível. Você me mostrou o contrário. Ao Professor Hector Alimonda, que me apresentou José Carlos Mariátegui através de um texto de sua lavra. Ao Professor Roberto Moreira, pela leitura sobre a contemporaneidade. Hoje eu entendo como aquelas leituras são importantes para mim. Ao Professor John Comerford, pela apresentação brilhante do mundo da Antropologia. Ao Professor Luiz Flávio de Carvalho, que na fase do projeto, me ajudou a entender minha problemática. Ao Professor Daniel Aarão Reis Filho, que se propôs a discutir o marxismo sem o dogmatismo, muitas vezes, tão tradicional, nas esquerdas brasileiras. Aos professores do CPDA – todos aqueles que encontrei pelos corredores ou nas reuniões acadêmicas – obrigado pelas contribuições em vários níveis. Aos colegas e amigos da UFF, Roberto Mansilla, Jayme Lúcio e Tiago. À Joana e ao Márcio, pela força na Comissão de Bolsa, se não fossem vocês, eu não teria condições de cursar o Doutorado. À CAPES, pela concessão da bolsa que permitiu a realização e conclusão deste Doutorado. À Professora Philomena Gebran, que em minha defesa de Mestrado, sugeriu o tema. Este trabalho tem um pouco de você. Ao Professor Lincoln de Abreu Penna, muito obrigado por ter contribuído tanto em minha formação. Força Sempre! À “galera” da Livraria Veredas: Marcelo, Thaís, Glauber, Natália, Gabriel, Jéssica, Júlio, Pâmela, Bebel, Cláudio. O meu muito obrigado por me suportarem quando eu “não tinha nada para fazer” e ficava enchendo a paciência de vocês. À Solange Jacob Whehaibe, pela amizade e confiança em meu talento. À “desorganizada” da arquibancada do estádio Raulino de Oliveira, em jogos do Volta Redonda Futebol Clube. Obrigado por tributarem vossos ouvidos para meus turpilóquios. A todos que diretamente e indiretamente deram sua ajuda, os meus agradecimentos mais que sinceros. VII Resumo LENA JÚNIOR, Hélio de. A Idade da Revolução: Astrojildo Pereira e José Carlos Mariátegui na construção do marxismo. 2007. 338p Tese (Doutorado de Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade). Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Departamento de Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2007. A presente tese tem por interesse básico o estudo comparado entre as idéias políticas de Astrojildo Pereira (1890/1965) e José Carlos Mariátegui (1894/1930) na construção do marxismo. Situamos nossas análises a partir de um enfoque interpretativo que englobasse a cultura política desenvolvida pelos dois marxistas latino-americanos e o papel desempenhado pelos intelectuais revolucionários. Isto posto, para analisarmos as manifestações públicas destes intelectuais em suas respectivas realidades, fomos compelidos a investigar as relações destes com as idéias clássicas marxianas. Deste modo, escolhemos os temas – jornalismo revolucionário, campesinato e revolução – que cotejassem nossas proposições àquela tradição marxiana. Objetivamos entender como se organizaram as idéias políticas das personagens e, a partir da exposição pública dessas idéias, compreender como se deu a atuação de ambos em seus contextos sociais. Ressaltamos que a compreensão da atuação política dos respectivos atores é de suma importância para a consolidação do proletariado no cenário político latino-americano. Palavras-chaves: Astrojildo Pereira, José Carlos Mariátegui, Revolução. VIII Abstract LENA JÚNIOR, Hélio de. The Age of Revolution: Astrojildo Pereira and José Carlos Mariátegui in the construction of Marxism. 2007. 338p Thesis (Doctorate in Social Sciences in Development, Agriculture and Society). Human and Social Sciences Institute, Development, Agriculture and Society Department, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2007. The present thesis has as main interest the comparative study between Astrojildo Pereira and José Carlos Mariátegui political ideas in the construction of Marxism. We site our
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