The Karl Marx
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Determination of Constant Capital and Variable Capital
CHAPTER 3 THE DETERMINATION OF CONSTANT CAPITAL AND VARIABLE CAPITAL by Fred Moseley 3.1 The determination of constant capital and variable capital in Volume 1 3.1.1 The circulation of capital 3.1.2 Actual quantities of constant capital and variable capital presupposed 3.1.3 Partial explanation of constant capital and variable capital 3.1.4 Theory of surplus-value 3.2 The determination of constant capital and variable capital in Volume 3 3.2.1 Cost price 3.2.2 Price of production 3.2.3 Cost price is the same for both value and price of production 3.2.4 More complete explanation of constant capital and variable capital 3.2.5 More complete explanation of the value of commodities 3.2.6 Value and price of production of “average” commodities 3.2.7 Cost price is the same for agricultural commodities 3.3 Conclusion 3.3.1 Constant capital and variable capital taken as given 3.5.2 Marx’s two aggregate equalities are valid Appendix: Further textual evidence 1 CHAPTER 3 THE DETERMINATION OF CONSTANT CAPITAL AND VARIABLE CAPITAL We have seen in the previous chapter that the general analytical framework of Marx’s theory of surplus-value is the circulation of capital: M - C ... P ... C’ - (M + DM). The circulation of capital begins with M, a definite quantity of money advanced to purchase means of production and labor-power in the first phase of the circulation of capital. This initial money- capital M consists of two components: constant capital and variable capital; i.e. -
Conversations with Stalin on Questions of Political Economy”
WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Lee H. Hamilton, Conversations with Stalin on Christian Ostermann, Director Director Questions of Political Economy BOARD OF TRUSTEES: ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Joseph A. Cari, Jr., by Chairman William Taubman Steven Alan Bennett, Ethan Pollock (Amherst College) Vice Chairman Chairman Working Paper No. 33 PUBLIC MEMBERS Michael Beschloss The Secretary of State (Historian, Author) Colin Powell; The Librarian of Congress James H. Billington James H. Billington; (Librarian of Congress) The Archivist of the United States John W. Carlin; Warren I. Cohen The Chairman of the (University of Maryland- National Endowment Baltimore) for the Humanities Bruce Cole; The Secretary of the John Lewis Gaddis Smithsonian Institution (Yale University) Lawrence M. Small; The Secretary of Education James Hershberg Roderick R. Paige; (The George Washington The Secretary of Health University) & Human Services Tommy G. Thompson; Washington, D.C. Samuel F. Wells, Jr. PRIVATE MEMBERS (Woodrow Wilson Center) Carol Cartwright, July 2001 John H. Foster, Jean L. Hennessey, Sharon Wolchik Daniel L. Lamaute, (The George Washington Doris O. Mausui, University) Thomas R. Reedy, Nancy M. Zirkin COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES CHRISTIAN F. OSTERMANN, Series Editor This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side” of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. -
Friedrich Engels in the Age of Digital Capitalism. Introduction
tripleC 19 (1): 1-14, 2021 http://www.triple-c.at Engels@200: Friedrich Engels in the Age of Digital Capitalism. Introduction. Christian Fuchs University of Westminster, [email protected], http://fuchs.uti.at, @fuchschristian Abstract: This piece is the introduction to the special issue “Engels@200: Friedrich Engels in the Age of Digital Capitalism” that the journal tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique published on the occasion of Friedrich Engels’s 200th birthday on 28 November 2020. The introduction introduces Engels’s life and works and gives an overview of the special issue’s contributions. Keywords: Friedrich Engels, 200th birthday, anniversary, digital capitalism, Karl Marx Date of Publication: 28 November 2020 CC-BY-NC-ND: Creative Commons License, 2021. 2 Christian Fuchs 1. Friedrich Engels’s Life Friedrich Engels was born on 28 November 1820 in Barmen, a city in North Rhine- Westphalia, Germany, that has since 1929 formed a district of the city Wuppertal. In the early 19th century, Barmen was one of the most important manufacturing centres in the German-speaking world. He was the child of Elisabeth Franziska Mauritia Engels (1797-1873) and Friedrich Engels senior (1796-1860). The Engels family was part of the capitalist class and operated a business in the cotton manufacturing industry, which was one of the most important industries. In 1837, Engels senior created a business partnership with Peter Ermen called Ermen & Engels. The company operated cotton mills in Manchester (Great Britain) and Engelskirchen (Germany). Other than Marx, Engels did not attend university because his father wanted him to join the family business so that Engels junior already at the age of 16 started an ap- prenticeship in commerce. -
The Socialist Minority and the Paris Commune of 1871 a Unique Episode in the History of Class Struggles
THE SOCIALIST MINORITY AND THE PARIS COMMUNE OF 1871 A UNIQUE EPISODE IN THE HISTORY OF CLASS STRUGGLES by PETER LEE THOMSON NICKEL B.A.(Honours), The University of British Columbia, 1999 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2001 © Peter Lee Thomson Nickel, 2001 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Hi'sio*" y The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date AkgaS-f 30. ZOO I DE-6 (2/88) Abstract The Paris Commune of 1871 lasted only seventy-two days. Yet, hundreds of historians continue to revisit this complex event. The initial association of the 1871 Commune with the first modern socialist government in the world has fuelled enduring ideological debates. However, most historians past and present have fallen into the trap of assessing the Paris Commune by foreign ideological constructs. During the Cold War, leftist and conservative historians alike overlooked important socialist measures discussed and implemented by this first- ever predominantly working-class government. -
The German Counter-Revolution:Marx and the Neue Rheinische Zeitung
The German counter-revolution: Marx and the Neue Rheinische Zeitung* Lívia Cotrim** * Published in MARGEM, São Paulo, number 16, pp. 223-227, December 2002. Translated by V. S. Conttren, March 2019. ** Lívia Cotrim, PhD in Social Sciences by PUC-SP; professor of the Collegiate of Social Sciences-FAFIL-FSA; member of the History Studies Center: Work, Power, Ideology— Department of History—PUC-SP. Huebunkers.wordpress.com V. S. Conttren Among contemporary thinkers, Marx is undoubtedly one of the most controversial. There are countless works, from the most diverse levels and with the most varied objectives, that deal with his thought, whether to criticize, defend or interpret it under different biases. Naturally, it is not up to us to touch on the polemics that have developed, but it is always worth calling attention to the tragic destiny of Marxian thought, most of the time approached on the basis of external problems or conceptions, assigning meanings and even questions that are, in fact, alien to it.1 If today, in the face of successive defeats from the perspective of labour, it is necessary and urgent to critically rethink the history of the workers' movement, it is equally necessary and urgent to recover Marx's very thoughts. But, paradoxically, there are still works by the German thinker that, besides earning less attention from scholars, remain unpublished in Brazil. This is the case of the articles written by him for the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, almost all of them unpublished in Portuguese (except for The Bourgeoisie and the Counter- Revolution2), and which, except for the very important work by Claudin,3 barely have a more detailed analysis. -
Franz Mehring
KARL MARX THE STORY OF HIS LIFE - BY Franz Mehring .. wrTH ILLUSTRATIONS AND FACSIMILE REPRODUCTIONS, NOTES BY THE AUTHOR, AN APPENDIX PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF EDUARD FUCHS ON THE BASIS OF THE RESEARCHES OF THE MARX•I!.NGELS INSTITUTE, A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND AN INDEX TRANSLATED BY EDWARD FITZGERALD LONDON GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD 40 MUSEUM STREET THIS BOOK IS THE AUTHORISED ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE GERMAN VOLUME : ' KARL MARX : GESCHICHTE SEINES LEBENS ', BY FRANZ MEHRING ENGLISH EDITION FIRST PUBLISHED 1936 SECOND IMPRESSION 1948 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BUTLER AND TANNER LTD., FROME AND LONDON TO CLARA ZETKIN TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE THE author of this biography was born in 1846 in Pomerania of a well-to-do middle-class family. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig, taking the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the latter. From the beginning his leanings were democratic and liberal, and when the time came for him to submit himself to the stupidities of the Prussian drill sergeant he left Prussia and went to live in Leipzig, which in those days was " foreign territory ". This deliberate revolt caused the breaking off of relations between him and his family. Whilst still a young man he began to take an active part in public life and in the political struggles of the day. At the age of 25 he was a member of the 1 small band of democrats led by Guido Weiss and Johann Jacoby which had sufficient courage to protest openly against the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Bismarck after the Franco Prussian War. -
Anti-Duhring
Friedrich Engels Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolution in Science Written: September 1876 - June 1878; Published: in Vorwärts, Jan 3 1877-July 7 1878; Published: as a book, Leipzig 1878; Translated: by Emile Burns from 1894 edition; Source: Frederick Engels, Anti-Dühring. Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolution in Science, Progress Publishers, 1947; Transcribed: [email protected], August 1996; Proofed and corrected: Mark Harris 2010. Formerly known as Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science, Engels’ Anti-Dühring is a popular and enduring work which, as Engels wrote to Marx, was an attempt “to produce an encyclopaedic survey of our conception of the philosophical, natural-science and historical problems.” Marx and Engels first became aware of Professor Dühring with his December 1867 review of Capital, published in Ergänzungsblätter. They exchanged a series of letters about him from January-March 1868. He was largely forgotten until the mid-1870s, at which time Dühring entered Germany's political foreground. German Social-Democrats were influenced by both his Kritische Geschichte der Nationalökonomie und des Sozialismus and Cursus der Philosophie als streng wissenschaftlicher Weltanschauung und Lebensgestaltung. Among his readers were included Johann Most, Friedrich Wilhelm Fritzsche, Eduard Bernstein – and even August Bebel for a brief period. In March 1874, the Social-Democratic Workers’ Party paper Volksstaat ran an anonymous article (actually penned by Bebel) favorably reviewing one of Dühring's books. On both February 1 and April 21, 1875, Liebknecht encouraged Engels to take Dühring head-on in the pages of the Volksstaat. In February 1876, Engels fired an opening salvo with his Volksstaat article “Prussian Vodka in the German Reichstag”. -
Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution India and the Contemporary World Society Ofthefuture
Socialism in Europe and II the Russian Revolution Chapter 1 The Age of Social Change In the previous chapter you read about the powerful ideas of freedom and equality that circulated in Europe after the French Revolution. The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured. As you have read, before the eighteenth century society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power. Suddenly, after the revolution, it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who olution controlled social power began to be discussed. In India, Raja v Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution, and many others debated the ideas of post-revolutionary Europe. The developments in the colonies, in turn, reshaped these ideas of societal change. ian Re ss Not everyone in Europe, however, wanted a complete transformation of society. Responses varied from those who accepted that some change was necessary but wished for a gradual shift, to those who wanted to restructure society radically. Some were ‘conservatives’, others were ‘liberals’ or ‘radicals’. What did these terms really mean in the context of the time? What separated these strands of politics and what linked them together? We must remember that these terms do not mean the same thing in all contexts or at all times. We will look briefly at some of the important political traditions of the nineteenth century, and see how they influenced change. -
Bevir the Making of British Socialism.Indb
Copyrighted Material CHAPTER ONE Introduction: Socialism and History “We Are All Socialists Now: The Perils and Promise of the New Era of Big Government” ran the provocative cover of Newsweek on 11 Feb ruary 2009. A financial crisis had swept through the economy. Several small banks had failed. The state had intervened, pumping money into the economy, bailing out large banks and other failing financial institu tions, and taking shares and part ownership in what had been private companies. The cover of Newsweek showed a red hand clasping a blue one, implying that both sides of the political spectrum now agreed on the importance of such state action. Although socialism is making headlines again, there seems to be very little understanding of its nature and history. The identification of social ism with “big government” is, to say the least, misleading. It just is not the case that when big business staggers and the state steps in, you have socialism. Historically, socialists have often looked not to an enlarged state but to the withering away of the state and the rise of nongovern mental societies. Even when socialists have supported state intervention, they have generally focused more on promoting social justice than on simply bailing out failing financial institutions. A false identification of socialism with big government is a staple of dated ideological battles. The phrase “We are all socialists now” is a quo tation from a British Liberal politician of the late nineteenth century. Sir William Harcourt used it when a land reform was passed with general acceptance despite having been equally generally denounced a few years earlier as “socialist.” Moreover, Newsweek’s cover was not the first echo of Harcourt’s memorable phrase. -
Capital, Profit, and Accumulation: the Perspectives of Karl Marx and Henry George Compared
11 Matthew Edel Capital, Profit, and Accumulation: The Perspectives of Karl Marx and Henry George Compared The centenary of Progress and Poverty follows by only a few years that of Volume I of Marx's Capital. These two great works of radical economics both appeared in a period of economic turmoil - a long-swing downturn marked by disruption of existing economic relationships, depression, and the rise of new industrial monopolies. Both books pro- posed systems for analysis of economic conditions and advocated revolu- tionary changes. Both were based on the classical writings of David Ricardo, although their systems and proposals differ in many ways. Both won adherents, and both still have them, although Marx has had more impact on policy. In the present paper, I explore some of the differences between the economic analyses of Marx and George. Centenaries are a time for ecumenical dialogue. More important, the modern world's challenges re- quire greater theoretical precision and cross-fertilization of ideas. I shall focus on the treatment of capital, profits, and accumulation in the two theories. The relationship between Marxist economics and the economics of Henry George has often been an antagonistic one, notwithstanding cer- tain common themes. Rival schools often treat each other only with studied ignorance or calumny. Mutual learning and a clarification of fun- damental axioms through confrontation are foregone. 205 206 LAND AS A TAX BASE Both Karl Marx and Henry George were capable of careful and pene- trating analyses of their predecessors in political economy. Whatever the merits of a description of either man as a "post Ricardian" (surely Samuelson's "minor" is unwarranted), both knew and could explain their differences with Ricardo (1821), Malthus (1798), Wakefield (1849), or Mill (1848). -
Ational Publish-Ers Voices of Revolt
, BE I I ATIONAL PUBLISH-ERS VOICES OF REVOLT SPEECHES OF AUGUST BEBEL VOICES OF REVOLT A series of small books in which are col lected the outstanding utterances of world famous leaders in revolutionary thought and action. Each volume contains a criti cal introduction. The volumes already published are: I. MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRJ!i II. jEAN PAUL MARAT III. FERDINAND LASSALLE IV. KARL LIEBKNECHT V. GEORGES jACQUES DANTON: VI. AuGUST BEBEL VII. WILHELM LIEBKNECHT VIII. V. I. LENIN IX. EuGENE V. DEBS X. CHARLES E. RuTHENBERG INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS 381 Fourth Ave. New York VOICES OF REVOLT ----------:.~· d : ';-:' . ,,• VOLUME VI.· •.. * SPEECHES OF AUGUST BEBEL,. WITH A CRITICAL INTRODUCTION NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS ' ,.· ... ' .. ~ ' >.>' . '. ~ ~· J/-1 :( 76 t~:.3 L.f 2..-- Copyright, 11)28, by INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS CO., INC. Prifl,ted. in th6 U. 8. A. This book Is eompoaed alld prillted by ullion labor CONTENTS :PAGE FoREWORD 7 WAR ON THE PALACEs; PEAcE To THE CoTTAGEs I2 PATRIOTS AND PERCENTAGES I3 STOP THE MASS SLAUGHTER . IS THE QuESTION oF RIGHT IS THE QUEsTION OF MIGHT I7 THE PowER oF ILLEGALITY 20 POLICE, STOOL PIGEONS AND PROVOCATEURS 22 LEsT WE FoRGET 28 THE CAPITALIST CoNGREss AND ITS SoLUTION 29 THE CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE ENTREPRE· NEURS 39 THE CHURCH As A SERVANT OF THE CLAss STATE 44 WE SPEAK FOR THE MASSES 49 BACK TO THE VILLAGE • 50 THE VICTIMS OF MARCH DAYS 54 DISCIPLINE 56 THE GRANTING OF .THE BUDGET 59 A CHILDISH CONCEPTION 6 I THE SwAKP • 63 684160 vi CONTENTS l'AGII THE MoRTAL ENEMY OF BouRGEOIS SociETY 64 WILHELM'S HUNS 66 THE CMWN PRINCE SPEAKS 68 WILHELM'S RETINUE 70 THE POLITICAL MASS STRIKE 7I PACIFISM AND THE ARMAMENT INDUSTRY 83 AMERICA'S VICTORY • 85 THE GREAT CoLLAPSE 87 THE BRIGADE OF THE WAR MONGERS 90 THE BouRGEOIS REPUBLIC IS A CLASS STATE 9I WE SHALL PuT THEM DowN 93 EXPLANATORY NoTES 94 FOREWORD REPoRTS reached England in Septemb~rf 'r.rffff2 ;· i~ the effect.that Bebel had died; Marx tl(ere~~~n V~-11~<: ••. -
Socialism: Utopian and Scientific by Friedrich Engels
Internationalist Group League for the Fourth International " Socialism: Utopian and Scientific By Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels, 1877 Internationalist Group Class Readings May 2010 $1 .50 ® ~ ~ 11 62-M Friedrich Engels Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (January-March 1880) Source: Marx/Engels Selected Works, Volume 3 Publisher: Progress Publishers, 1970 First Published: March, April, and May issues of Revue Socialiste in 1880 Translated: from the French by Edward Aveling in 1892 (authorized by Engels) Introduction: General Introduction and the History of Materialism ............................................................. 3 History of the English middle-class ....................................................................................... 8 Contents: Part I: Utopian Socialism .......................................................................................................... 14 Part II: Dialectics ...................................................................................................................... 21 Part Ill: Historical Materialism ................................................................................................... 25 2 Friedrich Engels Socialism: Utopian and Scientific 1892 English Edition Introduction 1 The present little book is, originally, part of a larger whole. About 1875, Dr. E. Diihring , a Privatdozent [university lecturer who formerly received fees from his students rather than a wage] at Berlin University, suddenly and rather clamorously announced his conversion to Socialism,