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Home , Carrie (musical), Carrie (novel), Carrie White, Margaret White (Carrie), Rita Desjardin, Sue Snell

Journal of Scientific Computing ISSN NO: 1524-2560

A Face of Horror in ’s

1#Dr. SUDHIR V. NIKAM, Head, PG Department of English B.N.N.College, Bhiwandi, Mumbai 2*Mr. RAJKIRAN J. BIRAJE, Shri Shahaji Chhatrapati Mahavidyala, Dasara Chowk, Kolhapur. PhD scholar ( Mumbai University) Modern would not be complete without the landmark works and ideas of author Stephen King. When someone thinks of Stephen King, the most popular horror fiction author of the century, is likely that they would imagine the blood, gore, supernatural elements and suspense for which he is known. The present research paper has purpose to introspect the formula of horror applied in the novel Carrie. It is hard to believe in living in an old orthodox ultra-religious family in a progressive world. Even a sane and rational being would suffer if he is thrown or grown up in such a fanatic family. This is exactly what Stephen King portrays in Carrie. A serious of unfortunate events in the past deeply traumatizes Carrie psychologically and results in Carrie turning into the monster figure of the story. In horror fiction at least one character is given a supernatural power and Carrie falls under this category through the character . The relationship between normality and the monster is the key element in every horror story and this is what we can experience in this novel. This paper also talks about anxiety theories made by Freudian and these are reality anxiety and moral anxiety through the characters Carrie and Margaret. This paper figures out the horror elements like telepathy, telekinesis, horror of first period, reality anxiety, moral anxiety, and repression of sexual desires, psychological keywords:Carrie, Psychological issues, Telepathy, reality anxiety,horror, Telekinesis Since the publication of his first novel Carrie, Stephen King has become one of the best-selling authors in the US. He is known as the King of horror fiction. King dedicates this novel to wife Tabitha:"This is for Tabby, who got me into it and then bailed me out of it" (CAR- introduction xiii). Carrie is a psychokinetic novel by American author Stephen King which is his first published novel, released on April 5, 1974, with 30,000 copies. The novel set primarily in the year of 1979 and it revolves around the eponymous Carrie White, a misfit and bullied high school girl who uses her newly discovered telekinetic powers to take revenge on those who torment her, while in the process causing one of the worst local disasters in American history. King has commented that he finds the work to be "raw" and "with a surprising power to hurt and horrify." It is one of the most frequently banned books in United States schools. Much of the book uses newspaper clippings, magazine articles, letters, and excerpts to tell how Carrie destroyed the fictional town of Chamberlain, Maine while exacting revenge on her sadistic classmates and her own mother Margaret. The front page of the novel itself says, ‘Carrie White is no ordinary girl’. The first inside page of the novel begins with a brief paragraph and says: Nobody was really surprised when it happened, not really at the subconscious level where savage things grow. On the surface, all the girls in the shower room were shocked, thrilled, ashamed, or simply glad...... What none of them knew, of course, was that Carrie White was telekinetic. (CAR 3)

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Normally Horror fiction writers portray their characters with extra- human powers and this is not a new phenomenon. At least one character is given a supernatural power and Carrie falls under this category through the character Carrie. Famous critic Dana Dal Delorge says: The supernatural is no longer understood as an external and objective reality but rather as imaginary and interior phenomena projected by the self and in its own image. (xiii) Stephen King tries to bring the exact element in his famous novel Carrie through his writing and characters. Stephen King paints his characters with super-power but reader can not feel that they are superheroes or they do not come with super-human powers. Moreover, they do not commit any heroic deeds, rather they come with every-day reality that is why readers believe the supernatural phenomenon. Many critics and periodicals have praised Carrie and Stephen King. Let's look at them. "King's imagination is vast and he knows how to engage the deepest sympathies of his readers....one of the greatest story tellers of all time" reviewed by Guardian Times (CAR cover page praise for Stephen King and Carrie). Some critics of Daily Mail Times and Sunday Telegrapagh Time say Carrie is the finest example of Gory and horrifying. You cannot put it down and it is blessed with an apparently inexhaustible imagination and talent for storytelling. You cannot help admiring King's narrative skills and his versatility as a storyteller. Carrie is not the only novel which talks about teenage; rather, there are other novels which talk about loss of innocence, portray of childhood such as Rosemary’s Baby (1967) by Ira Levin, The Other(1971) by Thomos Tryon, The Exorcist(1971) by William Blatty, The Omen(1976) by David Seltzer. Stephen King used to work as a teacher at the time of publishing this book in Hampden Academy which he left after receiving payment from the publishers. King brought telekinetic theme in this book as he himself had widely written about telekinesis. King always says that he cannot even imagine being raised up by such mother (Margaret). King says that he did not expect much from Carrie Novel. King said that he always used to think that who would read about a poor girl with menstrual problems but it is super hit now. King once said in the University of Maine that he did not say Carrie novel as a crap but instead he said that it was a young novel by a young writer which reminded him a cookie baked by a first grader, tasty enough but burned at the bottom. Feminine Powers Unleashed studies the novel from a psychoanalytical, feminist point of view. This novel is set against the feminist anxieties about power and gender. Masculinity concept leads the main character. When we analyze the novel from the sociological point of view, the story talks about patriarchal system to which the characters try to conform. Anthony Magistrale, analyzing the writer’s fiction, says that “his critics of institutions, his ideology suggest his commitment to the radical politics of the sixties’’ (Thompson, Voller and Frank 221). The novel has background of American culture of 1960 where teenagers were bullied and in this novel we can experience the same theme. Carrie White, a 16 years old college kid has supernatural abilities.

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These supernatural abilities are going to prove fatal to the fate of all town members. These telepathic, telekinetic and broadcast abilities have a devastating effect in the events that are portrayed in this novel. Carrie has three special abilities the existence of which is scientifically unproven in real world as these powers are considered as pseudo ones. These qualities are telepathy, broadcast abilities and telekinesis. Telepathy can be defined as the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known senses of humans or any other electronic equipment. For example if X communicates with Y without using 5 sensory human organs and without any electronic equipment just by using mind no matter how far they both are from each other then it is referred as telepathy. The scientific existence of this power is debatable. Telekinesis can be defined as the ability to move, bend or destroy objects through mind power, without even touching the objects. This is also called as psychokinesis or PK. The existence of this power too is scientifically unproven and hence, it is considered as a part of pseudo-science. In this novel, Carrie possesses the powers and uses them in a destructive way when she gets trolled, taunted and humiliated beyond expectations. Carrie is a very isolated girl who is deprived of love from all and even from her mother. She always gets trolled and taunted in school and wherever she goes in fact she is laughing stock, joker, and ‘eating shit’(CAR 4). Students always make fun of her and her schoolmate’s funny reactions to the scene increase her trauma: Then the laughter, disgusted, contemptuous, horrified, seemed,to rise and bloom into something jagged and ugly, and the girls were bombarding her with tampons and sanitary napkin, some from purses, some from a broken dispenser on the wall. They flew like snow and the chant became ‘Plug it up, plug it up, plug it (CAR 8) To avoid all this, she makes herself isolated and detached from the world and does not mingle around with age mates. She is ill-treated even by her mother and she does not have any love or affection for Carrie. Carrie undergoes her first period but since, she is ill informed about this natural process, she feels like she is bleeding to death and other girls upon knowing this in the bathroom start taunting and teasing her. She feels humiliated but physical education teacher comes for her rescue and escapes her. She makes Carrie understand the process of menstrual cycle. The feeling of the first period creates horror in the minds of readers and it is obvious to realize how the girl would feel if she undergoes first period without any prior education about the same. The incident of first menstrual period is very important here as far as horror creation is concerned because it is this incident after which Carrie White comes to know about the special abilities of telekinesis and telepathy. She breaks the light bulb without touching it using telekinetic abilities. Carrie uses all of her special abilities after she gets too much trolled and humiliated and loses saneness. The impact of this gets horrifying for the rest of the novel in the minds of the readers. The use of telekinesis and telepathy contribute immensely in this novel for the creation of horror in this young novel by Stephen King. It should not be a bad idea to call telepathy, telekinesis and broadcast telepathy as

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the very core of formation of horror in this novel. Horrors of Christian Fundamentalism and Complex Personality Disorder are also responsible for the creation of horror in this novel. Carrie's mother is Margaret who is somewhat whimsical in nature and the two does not share any emotional love bond. It would be nightmare to any kid to have such a mother. Carrie suffers a lot due to the behaviour of Margaret and Margaret is indirectly responsible for the horrors of destruction that later happen. It is she and other unfriendly people who are responsible for the worst nightmare in the history of the town. This nightmare and destruction is termed as Black Prom. Carrie's mother, Margaret is a ‘Christian Fundamentalist’ who has a very complex personality disorder. She is emotionally unstable and suffers mood disorders. She has lost rationality almost entirely under the influence of Christian fundamentalism and she also suffers from borderline personality disorder. She never treats Carrie lovingly and affectionately. Carrie is a victim of Margaret's verbal and physical abuse. The words that can best describe Margaret are ultra-religiousness and fanatical nature. None of the feminine characters are pure in this novel except Carrie. King paints the image of mother here in a very rude manner. Sometime readers feel that Margaret is the villain of this novel. She always says, Carrie was an unwanted kid and a result of one night passion. In her opinion the biggest sin is to have sex and sex even after marriage is sinful to her. For her, Carrie is the punishment which god has given her due to her one night passion and is thus forced by god to live with her kid for the rest of the life to remind her of the sin. She has decorated her house in such a way that it looks extremely religious and one feels like it is a sad sanctuary of religious icons and paintings. The very natural process of menstrual period is also sinful in her views. When Carrie undergoes her first period, she tells Carrie that the period is a symbol of her sins and she has to suffer it for quite some time in her life. She also reveals that she knows about Carrie's telekinetic powers, which she considers a form of witchcraft; it seems that they appear every third generation in her family. Carrie, however, is tired of hearing that everything is a sin. After the destructive use of her powers when Carrie returns home, Margaret feels that she has been possessed by a Satan and intends to kill her. She also reveals that Carrie is a product of a marital rape. Margaret's life, the impact of orthodox Christianity and her treatment to Carrie bring about the elements of horror in this novel. The real moments of horror come in this novel when Carrie starts taking avenge from all who have troubled her and humiliated her. The very core of horror is formed in this novel when Carrie starts using her supernatural abilities to the best of her ability, causing as much destruction as possible. Sue is one of the persons who taunted Carrie when she undergoes her first period. But later she feels guilty of her act and wants to make good for the loss. Sue requests her boyfriend to go with Carrie for a prom. Initially hesitant Tommy accepts to go with Carrie for the prom. Sue and Tommy are extremely honest in their help and affectionate towards Carrie. The only other person who treats Carrie affectionately is , a gym teacher. Chris Hargensen and her

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boyfriend Billy want to make even more fun of Carrie and humiliate her further. They have already placed a bucket full of pig's blood over the top of the stage. They trick Tommy and Carrie with the show and Carrie is declared as prom queen. Tommy and Carrie move up to the stage and are celebrating their win, then Chris and her boyfriend Billy drop the bucket of blood. Carrie and Tommy are left bath in red blood of pig. The bucket hits Tommy and wounds him gravely. The rest of people start laughing at them even some teachers too start laughing. This adds salt to the injury and Carrie goes insane. She decides to use her special powers to avenge. She first locks the doors and windows using her telekinetic abilities and then sprinkles water onto electricity causing short circuit killing most of the people and trapping the rest. She walks home and while walking she starts destroying almost all in the town Chamberlain. She burn all by dropping power grid and exploding gas station. One of the side effects of her telekinetic and telepathic abilities is broadcast telepathy. Through this broadcast telepathy all come to know about Carrie causing the destruction even if they do not know who she is. Carrie kills her mother by stopping her heart and destroys the road house where she was conceived to Margaret as a product of marital rape. She sees Billy and Chris driving the car. Billy and Chris wants to run over Carrie but Carrie takes control of the car with the help of his telekinetic abilities and causes car accident which burns both of them alive. Sue, with the help of broadcast telepathic abilities finds Carrie and talks to her using telepathy. Carrie initially had thought that Sue and Tommy too are involved in the conspiracy to humiliate her but later she comes to know about the real fact. She forgives her and dies. This novel is the best example of supernatural element that is Telekinetic powers which is used by Carrie to destroy the entire town. Carrie White with her terrifying telekinetic power serves as the monster in the story. King says: She started downtown. Mister, she looked awful. She was wearing some kind of party dress, what was left of it, and she was all wet from that hydrant and covered with blood. She looked like she just crawled out of a car accident. But she was grinning. I never saw such a grin. It was like ’s head (CAR 186) Rebirth is the aspect of supernatural element. Rebirth is impossible as far as scientific and rational views are concerned. Rebirth is an important aspect here in this novel. Perhaps Carrie is reborn. Carrie is stabbed by her mother who thinks that she has been possessed by a Satan but Carrie avenges and stops her heart which leads to her death. After causing the worst disaster in the history of the town, Carrie collapses in the parking lot. After having telepathic communication with Sue, Carrie dies crying for her mother. With over 440 people dead and so much destroyed, Chamberlain becomes a virtual ghost town and a popular tourist attraction because of Carrie's actions. A committee is set for the further investigation and the name of the committee is White Committee. The report of the committee says that there is no one in the town with the same supernatural powers like Carrie and such accidents would not

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happen in future. However in the final few pages of the book, a cheery letter from an Appalachian woman to her sister in Georgia, talking about her baby daughter's telekinetic abilities is mentioned. Unlike Margaret, the family members of the family express joy, happiness and fascination towards the baby having such supernatural abilities. This indicates that Carrie is reborn into a much loving family. At its heart, Carrie is an account of an irate youngster who demands retribution with destroying results. As a definitive untouchable, Carrie White perseveres through prodding and embarrassment of the cruelest nature on account of her associates, and her home life isn't much better as well. In fact Carrie is the major character who is determined b social forces. She is tortured by her classmates that forced her to destroy the town of Chamberlain, Maine. According to Jonathan P. Davis, Carrie is not the guilty and it’s not her fault. He says: Carrie is metamorphasized into a monster by the society that tried to repress her. But all the while, the reader never truly views Carrie as an atrocity; on the contrary, she demands the reader’s sympathy. She does not willfully conduct evil against otshers but rather is forced to lash back at those who try consistently to eradicate the one thing that has significant meaning in Carrie’s adolescence: her self-worth. (145) Her mom Margaret is a religious fundamentalist who physically abuses Carrie and in many cases locks her in a closet for a considerable length of time. Toward the start of the novel, especially after a merciless episode at school, Carrie swings to her mom for comfort but gets herself locked again in the closet by her mother. , one of the young ladies engaged with the prom trick, feels remorseful and requests that her beau take Carrie to the prom. The exceptionally prominent and extremely attractive Tommy Ross consents to go with Carrie, and he figures out how to persuade her that it isn't simply one more trick. Tommy is earnest, and he understands that Carrie is extremely amiable and alluring. Carrie's mom isn't satisfied to release her out with Tommy for a prom; however Carrie challenges her as she gets ready for what should be the most joyful night of her life. Carrie has additionally found that she has ability of supernatural power, the capacity to influence objects with the energy of her brain, and she has been building up her clairvoyant quality. Tommy grabs Carrie on the night of the prom, and before the night is finished, they are picked as king and queen. Carrie is overjoyed, however a mainstream rich young lady, Chris Hargensen, has fixed the challenge to guarantee Carrie's triumph. As Carrie remains on the phase in her crown, Chris' sweetheart dumps a basin of pig's blood on her. In the wake of conquering their stun, students all of a sudden giggle at Carrie, who utilizes her recently created forces to burn the school to the ground with the students caught inside. Carrie at that point devastates the whole town as she advances back home, needing solace from her mom. wounds her little girl with a kitchen cut, and at the novel's end, mother and girl are dead alongside the greater part of the townspeople.

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The relationship between normality and the monster is the key element in every horror story. It shows how normality affects the monster and vice versa. In Carrie Normality plays a very important role in fact due to the normality she finally transforms into monster. All the schoolmates abuse Carrie both verbally and physically. These normality features affect Carrie and she becomes the Monster and destroys the townspeople. This novel also talks about two types’ anxiety theories made by Freudian and these are reality anxiety and moral anxiety through the characters Carrie and Margaret. The episode of Carrie’s first period, dry relationship between mother and daughter, Carrie’s repression of sexual desires due to Margaret’s oppose gave a room for reality anxiety and then Carrie forced to use telekinesis power to destroy everyone. In spite of King's endeavors to inspire sensitivity for her character, Carrie White starts the novel as a tension filled female pre-adult yearning for reprisal and closures. As with the other female characters in the novel, she certainly changes, but she does not develop. Indeed, every female character conforms to some stereotypical or archetypal versions of the feminine. Carrie and, arguably, to a lesser degree, her mother Margaret are representative of the Monstrous Female; Sue Snell, who regrets her mistreatment of Carrie, is the potential nurturer and savior; and most of the other female characters, especially Carries nemesis Chris Hargensen, are catty, vindictive adolescent girls in the extreme. As Mary Pharr observes, many of [Kings] women can be classified as female stereotypes, as monsters, helpmates, and madonnas, in particular and this seems especially true of the cast of Carrie. In terms of his early work, Pharr goes on to point out that King never consciously writes against independent females, but he does make such females especially vulnerable to evil, far more likely to end up villains or victims than heroines. As discussed in earlier chapters, King does seem to break this mold with his more recent novels. However Carrie exemplifies traditional portrayals of femininity, both good and bad. Stephen King talks about Carrie in Publishers Weekly published by F. Leypoldt in 1991, ‘I remember once, years ago seeing the author of the The Third World War on a TV chat show in England and when the interviewer asked John Hackett about his book, the first thing he said was, ‘Oh yes, it is just some old trash I put together.’ I do think of Carrie that way.’ Even death does not offer solace to Carrie. Susan near dying Carrie witnesses that journey towards night, a rehearsal of her own death through Carrie's ebbing powers: For a moment Sue felt as if she were watching a candle, flame disappear down a long, black tunnel at a tremendous speed. And then the light was gone and last conscious thought had been and it broke up and Sue was turned in only on the blank, idiot frequency of the physical nerve endings. She began to run, breathing deep in her chest, running from Tommy from where the rest and explosions from Carrie but mostly from the final horror that last lighted thought carried swiftly down into the black tunnel of eternity followed by the blank, idiot hum of prosaic electricity. (CAR 230)

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At the end Carrie White by Stephen King is shown as the monster figure in the novel. All the events and issues lead her to trap into the psychological issues that forced her to use supernatural powers. This novel figures out the horror elements like telepathy, telekinesis, horror of first period, reality anxiety, moral anxiety, and repression of sexual desires, psychological issues etc. All these elements make the novel readable.

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