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Pengembangan Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu

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Pengembangan Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu Jurnal Respon Publik Volume 13, No. 3, Tahun 2019, Hal 103-112 ISSN 2302-8432 PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK WISATA TAMAN NASIONAL KELIMUTU DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KABUPATEN ENDE ( Studi Kasus pada Balai Taman Nasional Kelimutu Kabupaten Ende ) Novira Susani1, Nurul Umi Ati2, Hayat3 Jurusan Administrasi Publik, Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi, Universitas Islam Malang,Jl. MT Haryono 193 Malang, 65144, Indonesia LPPM Unisma Jl. MT Haryono 193 Malang, 65144, Indonesia E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRAK Pariwisata merupakan salah satu hal yang penting bagi suatu negara. Dengan adanya pariwisata ini, maka suatu negara atau lebih khusus lagi pemerintah daerah tempat objek wisata itu berada, akan mendapatkan pemasukan dari pendapatan setiap objek wisata. Pengembangan Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu memilki peran yang sangat penting dalam pembangunan perekonomian daerah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari besarnya pendapatan yang dihasilkan dari wisatawan yang berkunjung. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mendorong dan menghambat pengembangan Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu , Strategi pengembangan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Ende dalam mengembangkan Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu dan Seberapa besar peran pemerintah dalam pengembangan Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu untuk meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Ende. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari strategi pengembangan bagi Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu. Kata kunci : pengembangan Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu ; Pendapatan Daerah 103 Jurnal Respon Publik Volume 13, No. 3, Tahun 2019, Hal 103-112 ISSN 2302-8432 1. Pendahuluan peningkatan dalam penerimaan PAD ini akan meningkatkan kemampuan keuangan daerah. Seiring Pariwisata merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dengan perkembangan perekonomian daerah yang bagi suatu negara. Dengan adanya pariwisata ini, maka semakin terintegrasi dengan perekonomian nasional suatu negara atau lebih khusus lagi pemerintah daerah dan internasional, maka kemampuan daerah dalam tempat objek wisata itu berada, akan mendapat mengoptimalkan pemenfaatan sumber-sumber pemasukan dari pendapatan kunjungan wisatawan penerimaan PAD menjadi sangat penting. sumber- setiap objek wisata. Pariwisata juga merupakan sumber penerimaan PAD tersebut dapat diuraikan lagi komoditas yang dibutuhkan oleh setiap individu. dalam bentuk penerimaan dari pajak daerah dan Alasannya karena aktivitas berwisata bagi seorang retribusi daerah. Pajak daerah tersebut seperti pajak individu dapat meningkatkan daya kreatif, hotel, restaurant, hiburan, kendaraan bermotor, bea menghilanglan kejenuhan kerja, relaksasi, berbelanja, balik nama kendaraanbermotor, bahkan bahan bakar bisnis, mengetahui peninggalan sejarah, dan budaya kendaraan bermotor, air, rokok, penerangan jalan, suatu etnik tertentu, kesehatan dan pariwisata mineral bukan logam, dan batuan, bumi, bangunan, spiritualisme. Dengan meningkatnya waktu luang pajak reklame dll. sebagai akibat lebih singkatnya hari kerja dan Untuk perubahan yang terjadi harus disikapidan didukung oleh meningkatnya penghasilan maka diantisipasi secara dini oleh pemerintah daerah dengan aktivitas kepariwisataan akan semakin mneingkat melakukan pengembangan yang efektif guna (yuwana, 2010:1) memenfaatkan kekuatan intelektual yang dimiliki dan Berkembangnya suatu pariwisata di suatu daerah dipertimbangkan pengaruh eksternalnya. Sebagai akan mendatangkan banyak menfaat bagi warga dengan penyokong PAD untuk Kabupaten Ende, masyarakat, yaitu secara ekonomis, sosial dan budaya. pemerintah daerah akan tetap mengadakan Namun jika pengembangannya tidak dipersiapkan dan pengembangan-pengembangan pembangunan untuk dikelola dengan baik, akan dapat menimbulkan menyempurnakan Taman Nasional Kelimutu, termasuk berbagai permasalahan yang dapat menyulitkan atau pemeliharaan dan perbaikan-perbaikan pada bangunan- bahkan dapat merugikan masyarakat. Untuk menjamin bangunan yang mengalami kerusakan. supaya pariwisata dapat berkembang secara baik dan berkelanjutan serta mendatangkan mnefaat bagi mnausia dan meminimalisasi. 2. Metode Penelitian Kabupaten Ende memiliki berbagai macam objek wisata diantaranya wisata alam, wisata buatan, dan A. Jenis Penelitian wisata sejarah yang apabila dikelola dan dikembangkan Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan dengan baik dan dengan tepat maka akan menjadi pendekatan kualitatif. Dimana dalamnya menggunakan daerah tujuan wisata yang menarik untuk dikunjungi. teknik-teknik pengumpulan data. Pendekatan penelitian Selain itu dengan meningkatnya wisatawan yang yang digunakan ini dipilih karena dalam pendekatan ini berkunjung maka secara langsung akan menambah dapat menggambarkan dan memberikan penjelasan Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan pendapatan masyarakat tentang peran pemerintah dalam pengembangan objek disekitar objek wisata. wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu yang kemudian Kabupaten Ende khususnya sektor pariwisata digambarkan dengan bentuk kata-kata dan bahasa. merupakan salah satu sektor yang strategis dan potensial untu dikelola, dikembangkan dan dipasarkan. B. Fokus Penelitian Fokus penelitian merupakan bagian yang sangat Objek Wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu merupakan amat penting. Fokus penelitian bertujuan untuk objek wisata favorite yang sekaligus menjadi ikon memberikan batasan masalah penelitian agar tidak Kabupaten Ende yang mempunyai daya tarik tinggi tidak keluar dari pembahasan. dan memiliki susana pemandangan yang asri. Taman Nasional Kelimutu terdiri dari bukit-bukit dan gunung- Menurut Spradley dalam Sugiyono (2012), ada empat gunung. Salah satunya gunung kelimutu, yang mana cara untuk menetapkan fokus penelitian sebagai juga terdapata danau tiga warna yang merupakan berikut: 1. menetapkan fokus pada permasalahan yang tempat dari Taman Nasional Kelimutu. Gunung disarankan oleh informan, 2. menetapkan fokus kelimutu inilah yang menjadi lokasi/subjek bagi berdasarkan dominan-dominan tertentu, 3. menetapkan wisatawan yang menarik untuk dikunjungi. Objek fokus yang memiliki nilai temuan untuk wisata ini memiliki potensi dalam meningkat pengembangan iptek, 4. menetapkan fokus berdasarkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Ende. permasalahan yang terkait dengan teori-teori yang telah PAD memiliki peran penting dalam rangka ada. pembiayaan pembangunan di daerah. Berdasarkan pada potensi-potensi yang dimiliki masing-masing daerah, 104 Jurnal Respon Publik Volume 13, No. 3, Tahun 2019, Hal 103-112 ISSN 2302-8432 Oleh karena itu telah ditetapkan fokus penelitian selalu berubah warna sesuai aktivitas sebagai berikut: vulkaniknya. 3. Keterkaitan budaya yang sangat erat antara 1. Pengembngan objek wisata Taman Nasional puncak kelimutu dengan masyarakat Kelimutu dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli disekitarnya yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap Daerah Kabupaten Ende. kunjungan-kunjungan wisatawan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan a. Mengidentifikasi peran pemerintah dalam strategi pengembangan objek wisata Taman D. Sumber Data Nasional Kelimutu untuk meningkatkan Dalam penelitian tentu melibatkan data dengan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Ende berbagai jenis. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan yang meliputi: teknik purposive sampling. Purposive sampling adalah teknik sampling yang digunakan oleh peneliti jika 1). Promosi wisata memiliki pertimbangan-pertimbangan tertentu dalam 2). Pendidikan dan pelatihan pengambilan sampelnya. Yang terpilih menjadi 3). Sarana dan prasarana informan adalah orang-orang kunci (key person) yang 4). Perencanaan pengembangan memiliki informasi tema yang diteliti. 5). Retribusi pendapatan 2. Faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat objek Sedangkan jika dilihat dari derajat sumbernya, wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu dalam artinya asal diperolehnya data dibagi menjadi data meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah. primer dan sekunder. a. menganalisa faktor pendukung dalam a. Data Primer, merupakan data yang diperoleh pengembangan objek wisata Taman Nasional peneliti dari sumber asli (langsung dari informan) Kelimutu dalam meningkatan Pendapatan Asli yang memiliki informasi atau data tersebut. Untuk Daerah Kabupaten Ende, yang meliputi: penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Kantor Urusan Agama ini melibatkan beberapa informan, yaitu : 1). Panoraman alam yang indah 2). Banyaknya wisatawan yang berkunjung 1. Ketua Balai Taman Nasional Kelimutu 3). Keterkaitan budaya yang erat 2. kepala seksi promosi dan kepala seksi sarana dan prasarana serta staff BTNK b. menganalisa faktor penghambat dalam pengembangan objek wisata Taman Nasional 3. Masyarakat yang berada disekitar kwasan Kelimutu dalam mneingkatkan Pendapatan wisata Taman Nasional Kelimutu Asli Daerah Kabupaten Ende, yang meliputi: b. Data Sekunder, merupakan data yang diperoleh dari sumber kedua (bukan asli, bukan orang 1). Promosi objek wisata yang belum pertama) yang memiliki informasi atau data maksimmal tersebut. Contohnya seperti dari bahan-bahan 2). Belum tersedianya tower jaringan disekitar dokumentasi, jurnal, arsip, maupun literatur- lokasi wisata literatur yang berkaitan dengan masalah penelitian. 3). Kurangnya infrastruktur dan fasilitas sarana dan prasarana E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data Berikut peneliti paparkan kejelasan masing-masing C. lokasi Penelitian instrumen yang dapat dipergunakan dalam proses Lokasi penelitian adala tempat dimana peneliti penelitian kualitatif : melaksanakan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi 1. Wawancara yang diperlukan berkaitan dengan judul penelitian. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini Peneliti memilih Balai Taman Nasional Kelimutu menggunakan metode wawancara
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