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69 [Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera in Baden-Würtemberg/Germany ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Lauterbornia Jahr/Year: 1996 Band/Volume: 1996_27 Autor(en)/Author(s): Marten Michael, Malzacher Peter, Reusch Herbert, Otto Claus-Joachim, Brinkmann Rainer, Roos Peter, Hackbarth Werner, Gorka Mathias Artikel/Article: Ephemeroptera und Plecoptera in Baden-Württemberg - Stand der faunistischen Erforschung. 69-79 ©Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherben, Deutschland,69 Download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Lauterbornia H. 27: 69-79, Dinkelscherben, Dezember 1996 Ephemeroptera und Plecoptera in Baden-Württemberg - Stand der faunistischen Erforschung [Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera in Baden-Würtemberg/Germany - state of faunal investigation] Michael Marten, Peter Malzacher, Herbert Reusch, Claus-Joachim Otto, Rainer Brinkmann, Peter Roos, Werner Hackbarth & Mathias Gorka Mit 1 Tabelle Schlag Wörter: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Insecta, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland, Verbreitung, Faunistik Die im Rahmen verschiedener Projekte gesammelten Nachweise von Ephemeroptera und Ple­ coptera werden übersichtsweise vorgestellt und mit den älteren Nachweisen zu einer aktuellen Liste für Baden-Württemberg zusammengefaßt; derzeit sind hier 82 Ephemeroptera-Arten und 76 Plecoptera-Arten bekannt. Records of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, collected in various field studies, were presented and combined with elder records from literature. The so far updated list of known taxa of the­ se groups in Baden-Württemberg includes about 82 species of Ephemeroptera and 76 species of Plecoptera. 1 Einleitung Baden-Württemberg ist im Südwesten Deutschlands gelegen und in limnologi- scher Sicht geprägt durch die drei Flußgebiete Rhein (Bodenseegebiet, Hoch­ rhein bis Basel, Oberrhein zwischen Basel und Mannheim), Neckar und Donau (Ursprung bis Ulm). Kenntnisse über Zusammensetzung und Verbreitung limni- scher Evertebraten, insbesondere der hier behandelten Ephemeroptera und Ple­ coptera, rekrutierten sich bisher hauptsächlich aus der wasserwirtschaftlichen Gewässergüte-Kartierung. Dichte und Qualität der dadurch gewonnenen Daten sind bestimmt durch das Ziel der saprobiologischen Bewertung des Gütezustan­ des unter ausschließlicher Verwendung der aquatischen Stadien und durch den Untersuchungsturnus - i. d. R. fünfjährliche Beprobung der rund 1600 Landes­ gütemeßstellen. Gemessen an der Verwendbarkeit für faunistische Beschreibun­ gen und Vergleiche sind diese Daten, von Ausnahmen abgesehen, wenig ergie­ big. Auch kann der Zustand der heute abwassertechnisch weitgehend sanierten Gewässer (Güteklasse II) mit den derzeit gültigen groben Gewässergüte-Bewer­ tungsmethoden kaum mehr belastungsmäßig differenziert werden. Um künftig Wirkungen diffuser und schleichender Umweltveränderungen (z. B. atmogener ©Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherben, Deutschland, Download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 70 Belastungen) erkennen zu können, müssen Veränderungen der Zusammenset­ zung von Fließgewässerbiozönosen weitaus präziser beschrieben werden. Mit diesem Ziel wurde in Baden-Württemberg das sog. Trendbiomonitoring einge­ führt. Viermal jährliche Beprobungen mit Erfassung von Larven und Imagines liefern die Datenbasis für langjährige biozönotische Vergleiche. Diese Unter­ suchungen wurden 1992 im Einzugsgebiet der Donau an 52 Probestellen begon­ nen(M arten 1994) und seit 1995 landesweit auf rund 100 Untersuchungsstel­ len erweitert: unveröff. Untersuchungsberichte des Büros für angewandte Lim­ nologie, Suhlendorf, Reusch, Otto, Brinkmann - überwiegend Oberlaufstandorte (BAL 1996) und des Büros für Gewässerökologie, Karlsruhe, Roos, Hackbarth, Gorka - Unterläufe, Rhein und Neckar (BFG 1996). Die mit diesem Projekt bis­ her erfaßten Eintagsfliegen und Steinfliegen bilden den größeren Teil der aktuel­ len Basis der nachfolgenden Zusammenstellung. 1992-1994 speziell im Do­ naueinzugsgebiet aufgefundene Ephemeroptera und Plecoptera sind im einzelnen mit Fundortangaben inM arten (im Druck) aufgeführt. Für die landesweite Übersicht wurden weiterhin Daten ausgewertet, die im Zuge von Artenschutzprogrammen der Eintagsfliegen Baden-Württembergs von Malzacher 1985 und 1986 an rund 110 Untersuchungspunkten in ganz Baden- Württemberg erhoben wurden(M alzacher 1985, 1986) sowie Daten, die im Rahmen des sog. Sandozprojektes von Theeg und Marten an 24 Untersuchungs­ punkten des Oberrheins in den Jahren 1987-1989 gesammelt wurden(Marten & al. 1990). Diese neueren Daten werden den früher publizierten Meldungen gegenüber­ gestellt und damit eine Gesamtartenliste der Ephemeroptera und Plecoptera Ba­ den-Württembergs mit Stand März 1996 gegeben. Wesentliche Grundlage der bisher bekannten Eintagsfliegen-Faunistik Süd­ westdeutschlands ist die Arbeit vonM alzacher (1981), in der die bis dahin bekannten Fundorte bzw. Literaturstellen für Ephemeroptera aus Baden-Würt­ temberg zusammengestellt sind und daher auch die alten Nachweise, im wesent­ lichen von Lauterborn , N eeracher und Eidel, beinhaltet. Darüber hinaus wurden insbesondere für Plecoptera folgende Arbeiten berücksichtigt:Alf (1984), Baier (1974), Buck (1956), Eidel (1955, 1972, 1974), Eidel & To ­ bias (1983), Gonser & Schwoerbel (1985), Grimm (1986, 1988), Hopp (1986), Kalff & Einfeld (1988), Lubini & Sartori (1994), Meyer & Schröder (1985), Müller-Liebenau (1981), Sander (1981). Weitere bisher unpublizierte Funde von Ephemeroptera und Plecoptera vor allem aus dem Hochrheingebiet gebenL ubini (pers. Mitt.), für andere Landes­ teile Peissner, Kappus & Malzacher sowie Otto & Brinkmann (dieses Heft). 71 ©Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherben, Deutschland, Download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 2 Ergebnisse In Tabelle 1 sind die bisher für Baden-Württemberg gemeldeten Eintagsfliegen- und Steinfliegenarten zusammengestellt. Wegen der nicht unbeträchtlichen Fort­ schritte in der Taxonomie der Ephemeroptera und Plecoptera sind viele der älte­ ren Fundangaben solange mit Vorbehalt zu betrachten bis noch vorhandenes Be­ legmaterial revidiert wurde oder die alten Funde durch erneuten Nachweis be­ stätigt werden. Tab. 1: Ephemeroptera und Plecoptera in Baden-Württemberg. Anzahl der Fundorte. cf-Bestimmungen markiert. I = Imago, L = Larve, (I) = Status unklar. Alte = Literaturan­ gaben, Neue = Summe neuer Fundorte Stand März 1996: MAL = M a lz a c h e r 1985/1986, M&al= M a r t e n & al. 1990, MAR = M a r t e n im Druck, BAL = BAL 1996, BFG = BFG 1996 TAXON Status Alte Neue MAL M&al MAR BAL BFC EPHEMEROPTERA SIPHLONURI.DAE Siphlonurus croaticusU l m e r 1920 l/L 2 2 Siphlonurus lacustris (E a t o n 1870) l/L 26 15 5 6 BAETIDAE Baetis alpinus P ic t e t 1043-1845 L 30 22 2 14 Baetis buceratus Ea t o n 1870 l/L 34 17 7 9 1 Baetis digitalus B e n g t s s o n 1912 l/L 13 4 9 Baetis fuscatus (L in n a e u s 1761) l/L 107 29 24 15 3 36 Baetis gemellus E a t o n 1805 l/L Baetis liebenauae K effermülleb 1974 L 14 2 3 9 Baetis lutheri M ü l l e r -Lie b e n a u 1967 l/L 53 24 7 16 6 Baetis melanonyx P ic t e t 1043-1045 l/L 13 0 3 2 Baetis muticus (L in n a e u s 1750) l/L 59 30 12 16 1 Baetis niger (L in n a e u s 1761) l/L 21 15 1 5 Baetis pentaphlebodes U j h e l y i 1966 l/L 7 3 1 3 Baetis rhodani P ic t e t 1043-1845 l/L 174 60 12 10 38 38 Baetis scambus Ea t o n 1870 l/L 72 26 11 22 13 Baetis tracheatus K effermüller & M a c h e l 1967 L 4 (cf) 4 (cf) Baetis vardarensis Ik o n o m o v 1962 L 23 0 3 12 Baetis vernus C u r t is 1834 l/L 109 41 16 17 16 19 Cenlroplilum luteolum(M ü l l e r 1776) l/L 101 56 7 17 19 2 Cloeon diplerum(L in n a e u s 1761) l/L 52 29 12 6 5 Cloeon simile Ea t o n 1070 L 7 7 Procloeon bifidum(B e n g t s s o n 1912) l/L 23 17 1 3 2 Procloeon pennulatum (E a t o n 1070) l/L 16 9 1 1 3 2 Procloeon pulchrum(E a t o n ) 1085 L 2 2 RALLIDENTIDAE Ameletus inopinatus E a t o n 1887 L 10 10 Metreletus balcanicus (U l m e r 1920) l/L 2 2 OLIGONEURIIDAE Oligoneuriella rhenana (Im h o f f 1052) l/L 4 3 1 HEPTAGENIIDAE Ecdyonurus dispar(C u r t is 1834) l/L 36 21 13 2 Ecdyonurus insignis (E a t o n 1870) l/L 10 5 1 4 Ecdyonurus macani T h o m a s & S o w a 1970 l/L 4 4 Ecdyonurus subalpinusK l a p a l e k 1907 I 2 2 Ecdyonurus submontanus L a n o a 1 9 6 9 L 1 Ecdyonurus torrentisK im m in s 1942 L 6 6 Ecdyonurus venosus(F a b r ic iu s 1775) l/L 6 3 3 Electrogena affinis (E a t o n 1885) I 3 3 Eleclrogena lateralis (C u r t is 1034) l/L 2 1 1 Electrogena ujhelyii (Sowa 1901) L 5 4 1 Epeorus sylvicola(P ic te t 1865) l/L 56 16 4 0 21 7 Heptagenia coerulans R o s t o c k 1877 l/L Heptagenia flava R o s t o c k 1877 l/L 1 0 6 2 1 1 Heptagenia longicauda (S t e p h e n s 1036) l/L Heptagenia sulphurea (M ü l l e r 1776) l/L 50 6 13 12 3 16 Kageronia fuscogrisea (R e t z iu s 1703) L 8 3 5 ©Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherben, Deutschland,72 Download unter www.biologiezentrum.at TAXON________________________________________ Status Alte Neue MAL M&al MAR BAL BFG Rhithrogena alpeslris Ea t o n 1885 l/L x Rhithrogena beskidensis A l b a -T e r c e d o r & S o w a 1987 l/L x 14 1 (cf) 4 10 Rhithrogena puitoraci S o w a & O e g r a n g e 1967 l/L x 3 3 Rhithrogena degrangei S o w a 1969 l/L 2 (cf) 1 (cf) 1 (cf) Rhithrogena germanica Ea t o n 1885 l/L Rhithrogena hybrida-Gruppe l/L 7 2 5 Rhithrogena iridina (K o l e n a t i 1859) L 27 24 3 Rhithrogena semicolorata (C u r t is 1834) l/L 20 3 5 9 32(Gr.)3 EPHEMERELLIDAE Ephemerelia mucronata (B e n g t s s o n 1909) l/L 55 22 2 6 25 Ephemerella notata E a t o n 1887 L 1 1 Seratella ignita (P o d a 1761) l/L 156 46 20 24 35 31 Torleya major (K l a p a l e k 1 9 0 5 ) l/L
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