Birth Statistics: Births and Patterns of Family Building England and Wales (FM1)
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Food Law Practice Guidance (England)
Food Law Practice Guidance (England) (Issued October 2015) Food Law Practice Guidance (October 2015) Page 1 of 265 Table of Chapters Table of Chapters .................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 1 - Preface ................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2 - Communications .............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Inter-authority Communication .......................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Single-tier Competent Authorities ..................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Two-tier Food Competent Authorities ............................................................... 11 2.1.4 Service to Consumers ...................................................................................... 11 2.1.5 Regional and Local Liaison Groups .................................................................. 11 2.2 Managing Incidents and Alerts.......................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Food incidents .................................................................................................. 12 2.2.2 Food Alerts ...................................................................................................... -
Country Reports for Jersey, Guernsey and Isle of Man
Corporal punishment of children in the United Kingdom LAST UPDATED June 2020 Also available online at www.endcorporalpunishment.org Child population 13,715,000 (UNICEF, 2015) Summary of necessary legal reform to achieve full prohibition Corporal punishment is prohibited in all settings in Scotland and Wales. Prohibition is still to be achieved in the home, some alternative care settings, day care and penal institutions in England and Northern Ireland. Legal defences for the use of corporal punishment are found in section 58 of the Children Act 2004 in England and article 2 of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 2006. These provisions must be explicitly repealed and prohibition enacted of all corporal punishment and other cruel or degrading forms of punishment, in the home and all other settings where adults have authority over children. Alternative care settings – Corporal punishment is prohibited by law in residential care institutions and in foster care arranged by local authorities and by voluntary organisations. Prohibition should now be enacted in relation to private foster care. Day care – Corporal punishment is prohibited by law in day care institutions and childminding in England, Wales and Scotland. Legislation should be adopted prohibiting corporal punishment in institutions and childminding in Northern Ireland. Schools – Corporal punishment is prohibited in all state and private schools, but it has yet to be enacted in relation to some unregistered independent settings providing part-time education. Penal institutions – While corporal punishment is regarded as unlawful, the use of force (in the guise of physical restraint) is lawful in maintaining order and discipline in secure training centres. -
Addressing Inefficiencies in the Criminal Justice Process
International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy Addressing Inefficiencies in the Criminal Justice Process A Preliminary Review Prepared for the BC Justice Efficiencies Project Criminal Justice Reform Secretariat by Yvon Dandurand1 June 2009 1 Yvon Dandurand is a Senior Associate at the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy and Associate Vice-President, Research and Graduate Studies, at the University of the Fraser Valley. Vivienne Chin, also an associate of the International Centre, and Sinzi Gitiu, a research assistant, have also contributed to the preparation of this report. Addressing Inefficiencies in the Criminal Justice Process 2 CONTENTS 1. Background .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Introduction - Context and Purpose of this Review............................................. 3 1.2. Inefficiencies ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Prevalence of the Problem ................................................................................. 10 1.4. Solutions - Performance Enhancement Measures ............................................. 10 1.5. The Structure of this Report .............................................................................. 14 2. Improved Court Administration ........................................................................ 14 2.1. Automation, Scheduling and Case Tracking .................................................... -
Clostridium Difficile Infection: How to Deal with the Problem DH INFORMATION RE ADER B OX
Clostridium difficile infection: How to deal with the problem DH INFORMATION RE ADER B OX Policy Estates HR / Workforce Commissioning Management IM & T Planning / Finance Clinical Social Care / Partnership Working Document Purpose Best Practice Guidance Gateway Reference 9833 Title Clostridium difficile infection: How to deal with the problem Author DH and HPA Publication Date December 2008 Target Audience PCT CEs, NHS Trust CEs, SHA CEs, Care Trust CEs, Medical Directors, Directors of PH, Directors of Nursing, PCT PEC Chairs, NHS Trust Board Chairs, Special HA CEs, Directors of Infection Prevention and Control, Infection Control Teams, Health Protection Units, Chief Pharmacists Circulation List Description This guidance outlines newer evidence and approaches to delivering good infection control and environmental hygiene. It updates the 1994 guidance and takes into account a national framework for clinical governance which did not exist in 1994. Cross Ref N/A Superseded Docs Clostridium difficile Infection Prevention and Management (1994) Action Required CEs to consider with DIPCs and other colleagues Timing N/A Contact Details Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Department of Health Room 528, Wellington House 133-155 Waterloo Road London SE1 8UG For Recipient's Use Front cover image: Clostridium difficile attached to intestinal cells. Reproduced courtesy of Dr Jan Hobot, Cardiff University School of Medicine. Clostridium difficile infection: How to deal with the problem Contents Foreword 1 Scope and purpose 2 Introduction 3 Why did CDI increase? 4 Approach to compiling the guidance 6 What is new in this guidance? 7 Core Guidance Key recommendations 9 Grading of recommendations 11 Summary of healthcare recommendations 12 1. -
The Four Health Systems of the United Kingdom: How Do They Compare?
The four health systems of the United Kingdom: how do they compare? Gwyn Bevan, Marina Karanikolos, Jo Exley, Ellen Nolte, Sheelah Connolly and Nicholas Mays Source report April 2014 About this research This report is the fourth in a series dating back to 1999 which looks at how the publicly financed health care systems in the four countries of the UK have fared before and after devolution. The report was commissioned jointly by The Health Foundation and the Nuffield Trust. The research team was led by Nicholas Mays at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The research looks at how the four national health systems compare and how they have performed in terms of quality and productivity before and after devolution. The research also examines performance in North East England, which is acknowledged to be the region that is most comparable to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland in terms of socioeconomic and other indicators. This report, along with an accompanying summary report, data appendices, digital outputs and a short report on the history of devolution (to be published later in 2014), are available to download free of charge at www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/compare-uk-health www.health.org.uk/compareUKhealth. Acknowledgements We are grateful: to government statisticians in the four countries for guidance on sources of data, highlighting problems of comparability and for checking the data we have used; for comments on the draft report from anonymous referees and from Vernon Bogdanor, Alec Morton and Laura Schang; and for guidance on national clinical audits from Nick Black and on nursing data from Jim Buchan. -
Infant Mortality
Inequalities in Infant Mortality Project Briefing Paper 1 Infant mortality: overview and context Jennifer J Kurinczuk, Jennifer Hollowell, Peter Brocklehurst, Ron Gray National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford June 2009 1 Introduction The information presented in this paper comes largely from the analysis of routinely published Since 2000 the Government has made tackling data from the Office for National Statistics health, social and educational inequalities a (ONS), now the UK Statistics Authority. Data public service priority by setting public service are presented for the most recent year available agreement (PSA) targets which focus on these which, at the time of writing, was 2007; long areas. Health inequalities in children are the term trends are presented by five yearly figures specific focus of Target 11 as identified in where appropriate. For much of the information the 2002 spending review1; the aim being to presented there are complex underlying narrow the health gap between socio-economic relationships which it is not possible to explore groups and between the most deprived areas using published data. Care must therefore be and the rest of the population, in childhood exercised in the interpretation of these figures. and throughout life. The 2004 spending review For example, young women whose infants have reaffirmed this PSA target by re-stating it as “To high rates of mortality are, in addition to their reduce inequalities in health outcomes by 10% relative youth, also more likely to be unmarried by 2010 as measured by infant mortality and life and to be of lower socioeconomic status with a expectancy at birth.”2 The objective of the infant higher prevalence of associated risk factors for mortality element is defined in Figure 1. -
The Second Annual Report
ISSN 1471-3349 The Renal Association UK Renal Registry The Ninth Annual Report December 2006 This report was prepared by Dr David Ansell, Professor Terry Feest, Dr Alex Hodsman, Dr Raman Rao Dr Charlie Tomson, Dr Uday Udayaraj, Dr Andrew Williams and Dr Graham Warwick in association with F Caskey, K Farrington, R Fluck, J Harper, E Lamb, M Lewis, J Macdonald, R Ravanan, D Richardson, D Thomas Editors Dr D Ansell Prof T Feest Dr C Tomson Dr AJ Williams Dr G Warwick Biostatisticians Prof D van Schalkwyk Mrs M Steenkamp Dr J Gilg Registry Registrars Dr A Hodsman Dr R Rao Dr U Udayaraj Proof reading by Mrs F Benoy-Deeney Ms H Doxford Suggested citation Ansell D, Feest TG, Tomson C, Williams AJ, Warwick G UK Renal Registry Report 2006 UK Renal Registry, Bristol, UK This report will also become available as a supplement to Nephrology Dialysis & Transplantation. The individual chapters should then be referenced by their Medline citation. Publications based on the UK Renal Registry data must include the citation as noted above and the following notice: The data reported here have been supplied by the UK Renal Registry of the Renal Association. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the UK Renal Registry or the Renal Association. The Renal Association UK Renal Registry Southmead Hospital Southmead Rd Bristol BS10 5NB UK Telephone 0117 959 5665 Fax 0117 959 5664 Email [email protected] Web site www.renalreg.org General Manager -
Assessing Urban Population Vulnerability and Environmental Risks Across an Urban Area During Heatwaves – Implications for Health Protection
Science of the Total Environment 610–611 (2018) 678–690 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Assessing urban population vulnerability and environmental risks across an urban area during heatwaves – Implications for health protection H.L. Macintyre a,⁎,C.Heavisidea,b,c,J.Taylord,R.Picettib, P. Symonds d, X.-M. Cai c,S.Vardoulakisb,c,e a Chemical and Environmental Effects Department, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxon OX110RQ,UK b Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK c School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK d University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK e Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH14 4AP, UK HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • Multiple factors are associated with health effects of heat exposure. • Cities in the West Midlands have a pro- nounced UHI. • Care homes and hospitals are exposed to higher ambient temperatures than average. • Housing types more likely to overheat are located in the warmest parts of the city. Spatial distribution of factors that may relate to risks associated with heat-health effects across the West Midlands. article info abstract Article history: Heatwaves can lead to a range of adverse impacts including increased risk of illness and mortality; the heatwave Received 23 May 2017 in August 2003 has been associated with ~70,000 deaths across Europe. -
Concordance of National Cancer Registration with Self-Reported Breast, Bowel and Lung Cancer in England and Wales
SHORT COMMUNICATION British Journal of Cancer (2013) 109, 2875–2879 | doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.626 Keywords: cancer registration; UK; self-reporting; concordance Concordance of National Cancer Registration with self-reported breast, bowel and lung cancer in England and Wales: a prospective cohort study within the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening A Gentry-Maharaj1, E-O Fourkala1, M Burnell1, A Ryan1, S Apostolidou1, M Habib1, A Sharma1, M Parmar2, I Jacobs1,3 and U Menon*,1 1Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women’s Cancer, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK; 2MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK and 3Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Background: It has been suggested that lower UK cancer survival may be due to incomplete case ascertainment by cancer registries. Methods: We assessed concordance between self-reported breast, bowel and lung cancer and cancer registration (CR) for 1995–2007 in England and Wales in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening. Results: Concordance of breast cancer CR was higher (94.7%:95% CI: 94.1–95.3%) than for bowel (85.1%:95% CI: 82.1–87.8%) and lung (85.4%:95% CI: 76.3–92.0%). CR concordance was lower in breast cancer (94.5% vs 98.8%) survivors compared with deceased but the difference was small. No difference was found for bowel (85.3% vs 94.6%) or lung (87.1% vs 90.5%) cancer. Conclusion: Concordance of CR and self-reported cancer is high. Incomplete registration is unlikely to be a major cause of lower UK survival rates. -
Young People, Violence and Knives - Revisiting the Evidence and Policy Discussions by Roger Grimshaw and Matt Ford
UK Justice Policy Review FOCUS Issue 3 Young people, violence and knives - revisiting the evidence and policy discussions By Roger Grimshaw and Matt Ford Centre for Crime and violence which underlie the familiar themes of Justice Studies Introduction 2 Langley Lane ‘gangs’ and illegal drug markets. These deeper London SW8 1GB [email protected] As well as providing an update on recent trends influences include some fundamental social www.crimeandjustice.org.uk in the phenomenon of ‘knife crime’, this briefing relationships - inequality, deprivation and social ©Centre for Crime and seeks to review the subsequent development of trust - as well as mental health. Justice Studies November 2018 policy themes that emerged in a series of reports ISBN: 978-1-906003-68-5 At its heart are choices about the scope and published by the Centre for Crime and Justice effects of criminal justice as a means of managing UK Justice Policy Review Focus Studies (CCJS) in the period around 2008 when is a series that sits alongside public safety. Does criminal justice offer a the annual UK Justice Policy knife crime reportedly last peaked in England Review reports. It offers proven and certain way to increase protection in-depth analysis of criminal and Wales. It highlights the progress of different justice policy and data for populations or are there alternatives which developments. strategic approaches to violence and what we can discern about their prevention mechanisms and deserve concerted development and review? In The views expressed in this particular what does a ‘public health’ approach document are those of the effects. -
You Feel Like You're Nothing: the UN Study on Violence Against Children
“YOU FEEL LIKE you’re NOTHING” The UN study on violence against children A contribution to the UN Violence Study from the Children’s Rights Alliance for England and the NSPCC 2 “YOU FEEL LIKE you’re nothing” FOREWORD ‘‘ No violence against children is justifiable; all violence against children is preventable.” These are the first words of the independent study commissioned by the United Nations Secretary-General on violence against children, presented to the General Assembly on 23 August 2006, and they are the principles on which this report is founded. The UN study describes forms of violence that no longer exist in the UK. We do not execute children, we do not beat them in schools, and we do not break children’s bodies under conditions of hazardous labour. Of course these horrors used to exist in this country, quite legally, until brave and energetic people campaigned for their abolition. We must therefore be hopeful that the same rejection of violence against children will continue around the world. There are certainly no grounds for complacency in the UK. Some of the barbarous treatment of children overseas is a direct legacy of the British Empire. This includes corporal punishment in schools, or the maintenance of the age of criminal responsibility at seven years in many ex-colonial states. Where our own country is concerned, we must feel a deep sense of shame at the violence against children revealed in this report. Living in the fifth richest country in the world, in a country that has enjoyed 200 years of social reform, children in the UK are still being killed, tortured, bullied, commercially sexually exploited, and physically and mentally scarred by violence. -
Care of Extremely Premature Babies in England, 1995 – Present
Care of extremely premature babies in England, 1995 – Present Andrei Scott Morgan Department of Neonatology Institute for Women’s Health University College London A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) June 2015 I, Andrei Scott Morgan, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: Date: 17 July 2015 Supervisors NeilMarlow ElizabethS.Draper Professor of Neonatology Professor of Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Department of Neonatology Department of Health Sciences Institute for Women’s Health University of Leicester University College London c Andrei Morgan 2015 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. 3 Abstract This thesis, arising from the EPICure studies into extremely preterm births, seeks to explain demographic, clinical and organisational factors associated with a large increase in admissions to neonatal intensive care. Using six pre-existing data sets, along with a repeat Unit Profile Study of English perinatal centres conducted in 2011 as part of this thesis, three studies were performed: Validation of the 44% increase in the number of admissions to neonatal intensive • care at 22–25 weeks gestation seen between 1995 and 2006 in England was at- tempted using three methods of probabilistic record linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. The effects of antenatal steroid administration, tocolysis and Caesarean delivery • on perinatal outcomes in the extremely preterm population were investigated.