RADICAL REVOLUTION AND REACTION Chapter 22.2 MOVE TO RADICALISM

National Convention abolishes monarchy and forms First French Republic French citizens began forming clubs with different opinions and goals The radical club called Jacobins called for the execution of the king Later called for execution of all those associated with the king Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on charge of treason Execution created new enemies at home and abroad

MOVE TO RADICALISM

Execution of Louis XVI began shift to radicalism Commune: local Paris gov’t led by Georges Danton Demanded radical change Britain, Portugal, Spain, and the Dutch joined Austria and Prussia and declared war on France to put an end to the revolution National Convention gave power to the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) led by Maximilien Robespierre to meet this crisis

REIGN OF TERROR

Robespierre and the CPS adopted policies to protect France from domestic threats Policies became known as the Reign of Terror Revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute counter- revolutionaries and traitors 40,000 killed; 16,000 by guillotine Robespierre assured citizens bloodshed was temporary Revolutionary armies created to enforce CPS policy Robespierre wanted to create a Republic of Virtue made up of “good citizens”

REIGN OF TERROR Women took a more active role in government Nat’l Convention pursued “de-Christianization” First French Repub. forms largest army in Euro. history to defend itself from invaders Robespierre obsessed with cleansing France Sentenced to death by colleagues

REACTION AND THE DIRECTORY Moderate leaders took control after Robespierre’s death  Ended Reign of Terror  Slashed CPS’s power  Reopened churches  Drafted another new constitution Constitution of 1795  Only people with large amounts of land/wealth could vote  Set up a council of 5 leaders called the Directory  Corrupt, greedy The Directory relied on the military to keep power  General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrow the Directory in a coup d'état; seized power