DOCSLIB.ORG

Virginia Master Naturalists Introduction to Ichthyology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Virginia Master Naturalists Introduction to Ichthyology !"#$"%"&'(&)*+#',&*-#&.")*) /%*#01-2*"0%'*0'/23*340.0$4' 5&-.'6-$&)' 7+$"0%'8'9:-&*"2)'(&%&$+#' VDGIF Mission Statement • To conserve and manage wildlife populations and habitat for the benefit of present and future generations • To connect people to Virginia’s outdoors through boating, education, fishing, hunting, trapping, wildlife viewing, and other wildlife- related activities • To protect people and property by promoting safe outdoor experiences and managing human-wildlife conflicts “To keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering” Aldo Leopold 6"01";+#)"*4' Biodiversi ty <&#.4'/23*340.0$")*)' Edward Drinker Cope (1840- 1897) Renown Paleontologist Wealthy Quaker Background Published 1,400 Papers David Starr Jordan (1851 – 1931) President of Stanford University Espoused Eugenics Edward C. Raney (1909 – 1952) Ichthyology (from Greek: !"#$%, ikhthus, "fish"; and &'()%, logos, "study") Freshwater Fishes of Virginia • Fish families • Families and their habitats • Major family representatives • Species distribution • Endemics What is a Fish? • Cold-blooded animal • Fins • Gills • Scales • Mucoprotein coat • Lateral line • Gas bladder • Osmoregulation Fish Senses • Taste – fish often “spit out” unsavory food items; taste buds on barbels, top of head, in mouth, or on lips • Touch – fish often “mouth” food items; lateral line is a sensory organ • Hearing – sound is picked up by bones in head; some fish have bones connected to air bladder; earstones or otoliths • Sight – can often discern brightness and color; cannot see straight down or back • Smell – most have well developed sense of smell (Social) (Unknown) (Power) (Steering & Braking) (Stability) (Anti-roll) Reasons for High Diversity of Fish Species in Virginia Climate and Physiography • high rainfall • geology and topography complex • unglaciated • diversity of aquatic environment Pleistocene Epoch ended 12,000 years ago Major Watersheds in VA Physiographic Provinces of VA Drainage Basins in Virginia Interior Atlantic Slope Rivers of Virginia 2 x 1000) 30 Virginia’s 10 Major Drainages 25 Drainage Area (Km 20 15 10 5 0 James Roanoke Potomac Chowan Tennessee New Rappahannock York Big Sandy Pee Dee Native Fish Species in Virginia’s Major Drainages 120 Natives Natives and Introduced 100 80 60 40 20 Number of Fish Species 0 Virginia’s Endemic Fish Species 16 12 8 4 Number of Fish Species 0 New James Roanoke Potomac Tennessee Fish Taxonomy • Kingdom - Animalia – Phylum – Chordata • possess a notochord at some point in development • Class – Osteichthyes (Bony fishes) or Supraclass for jawless fish (Agnatha) such as lampreys – Order – Cypriniformes » Minnows and suckers – Order – Salmoniformes » Salmon and trout – Order Perciformes » Perch-like (two dorsal fins - separated) Virginia’s Freshwater Fish 25 Families Lamprey Mudminnows Silversides Sturgeon Minnows Topminnows Paddlefish Suckers Livebearers Gar Catfish Sculpin Bowfin Trout Temp. Bass Eel Stickleback Sunfish Herrings Pirate Perch Perch Pike Cavefish Drum Snakehead 226 Species Freshwater Fish Families in Virginia Number of Fish Species by State > 220 188 153 188 200-219 201 220 180-199 257 150-179 200 257 219 100-149 < 100 Mountain Trout Streams Trout Sculpin Large Streams Minnow Perch Sucker Large Rivers Catfish Muskellunge Paddlefish Swamps Sunfish Pirate Perch Swampfish Lampreys Atlantic sturgeon Longnose gar James River Percidae Watershed Minnows • 2,000+ species – largest fish family • Largest in VA – Common carp • 320 in North America • Jaws lack teeth • Only found in freshwater • Major component of the food web Minnows (Chubs) Bluehead Chub Bigmouth Chub River Chub Bull Chub Perch •! 235 species worldwide •! Teeth on jaw •! 217 in North America •! Two dorsal fins • Darters comprise 214 members ! •! High economic and ecological •! All but one darter species occurs importance east of the continental divide Candy darter Credit: Derek Wheaton Perch (Logperch) Roanoke Logperch Blotchside Logperch Logperch Moronidae White Bass Striped Bass Hybrid Striped Bass White Perch James River Drainage Endemics Derek Wheaton Roughhead Shiner Longfin Darter Threats to Freshwater Fish • Dams and their associated operations • Exotic Species • Loss of habitat Diadromous Fishes • Anadromous Fish - Fish that spend their adult life in the ocean (salt water) and migrate up coastal rivers to spawn in fresh-water. • American Eels are Virginia’s Catadromous species, which spend their adult life in fresh-water and migrate to the ocean to spawn. • These species need habitat conservation from mountain streams to the ocean. Exotic Species Introductions Zebra Mussels Wooly Adelgid - Exotic Invasive • An exotic insect that is destroying our native Hemlock trees along streams. • How could the loss of these Hemlocks effect the stream ecosystem? Health Issues with Smallmouth Bass ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS FRAGMENTATION AND EDGE EFFECT As the human population continues to grow, development reduces and fragments remaining undisturbed habitat. Point Source Pollution Non-Point Source Pollution Channelization Urban Impacts Rural Pollution Erosion Nutrification Unrestricted Cattle Strategies for Aquatic Habitat Improvement Wetlands Protection • Filter out nutrients and pollutants • Flood control • Groundwater recharge areas • Habitat for rare and endangered species Healthy Riparian Area • Filter runoff removing excess nutrients and sediments. • Helps stabilize the stream banks from erosion. • Provides shade to the stream to reduce water temperature. • Increases fish and aquatic habitat quality and quantity. • Provides food and “energy to aquatic organisms (leaf litter). Fencing and Riparian Buffer Restoration Strategies for Aquatic Habitat Improvement Before Rural Stream Restoration During After Before Urban Stream Restoration During After Dump & Sinkhole Clean-ups Electrofishing Trap Nets Hatcheries & Fish Stocking Creel Surveys Gill nets “In the end, we will conserve only what we love. We will love only what we understand. We will understand only what we are taught.” - Buba Dioum Credit: Lance Merry Books !!Freshwater Fishes of Virginia !!Robert E. Jenkins and Noel M. Burkhead !!www.fisheries.org/bookstore - $110 !!Fish Watching: An Outdoor Guide to Freshwater Fishes !!C. Lavett Smith !!Amazon.com - $27 !!Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of Virginia !! Mike Pinder, Don Orth, Val Kells, Corbin Hilling, Derek Wheaton, Paul Bugas !!Available in September, 2019 from Virginia Chapter American Fisheries Society https://efish.fishwild.vt.edu/ .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2011 LEC FTG Executive Summary
    FFFOOORRRAAAGGGEEE TTTAAASSSKKK GGGRRROOOUUUPPP Lake Erie Committee EEEXXXEEECCCUUUTTTIIIVVVEEE SSSUUUMMMMMMAAARRRYYY RRREEEPPPOOORRRTTT REPRESENTING THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES OF LAKE ERIE AND LAKE ST. CLAIR MMMAAARRRCCCHHH 222000111111 Introduction The Lake Erie Committee Forage Task Group report addresses progress made in 2010 on four charges: 1. Continue to describe the status and trends of forage fish and invertebrates in each basin of Lake Erie. 2. Continue the development of an experimental design to facilitate forage fish assessment and standardized interagency reporting. 3. Continue hydroacoustic assessment of the pelagic forage fish community in Lake Erie, incorporating new methods in survey design and analysis while following the GLFC’s Great Lakes Hydroacoustic Standard Operating Procedures where possible/feasible. 4. Continue the interagency lower-trophic food web monitoring program to produce annual indices of trophic conditions which will be included with the annual description of forage status. The complete report is available from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Erie Committee Forage Task Group website (http://www.glfc.org/lakecom/lec/FTG.htm#pub), or upon request from an LEC, STC, or FTG representative. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ East Basin Status of Forage walleye diets. Round gobies continue to be important Low (Ontario) to moderate (New York) diet items to white bass and yellow perch in June and abundance of eastern basin forage fish species during August, and are a primary component of smallmouth 2010 was largely attributable to rainbow smelt. Age-0 bass diets sampled in the fall. Mean size of walleye and rainbow smelt abundance increased in 2010, were white bass collected in 2010 was above average for fish captured in greater numbers than yearling-and-older up to age-3.
    [Show full text]
  • SPORT FISH of OHIO Identification DIVISION of WILDLIFE
    SPORT FISH OF OHIO identification DIVISION OF WILDLIFE 1 With more than 40,000 miles of streams, 2.4 million acres of Lake Erie and inland water, and 450 miles of the Ohio River, Ohio supports a diverse and abundant fish fauna represented by more than 160 species. Ohio’s fishes come in a wide range of sizes, shapes and colors...and live in a variety of aquatic habitats from our largest lakes and rivers to the smallest ponds and creeks. Approximately one-third of these species can be found in this guide. This fish identification guide provides color illustrations to help anglers identify their catch, and useful tips to help catch more fish. We hope it will also increase your awareness of the diversity of fishes in Ohio. This book also gives information about the life history of 27 of Ohio’s commonly caught species, as well as information on selected threatened and endangered species. Color illustrations and names are also offered for 20 additional species, many of which are rarely caught by anglers, but are quite common throughout Ohio. Fishing is a favorite pastime of many Ohioans and one of the most enduring family traditions. A first fish or day shared on the water are memories that last a lifetime. It is our sincere hope that the information in this guide will contribute significantly to your fishing experiences and understanding of Ohio’s fishes. Good Fishing! The ODNR Division of Wildlife manages the fisheries of more than 160,000 acres of inland water, 7,000 miles of streams, and 2.25 million acres of Lake Erie.
    [Show full text]
  • The White Perch, Marone Americana (Gmelin) in Nebraska
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Game and Parks Commission -- White Papers, Conference Presentations, & Nebraska Game and Parks Commission Manuscripts 1981 The White Perch, Marone americana (Gmelin) in Nebraska Gene Zuerlein Nebraska Game and Parks Commission Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebgamewhitepap Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Zuerlein, Gene, "The White Perch, Marone americana (Gmelin) in Nebraska" (1981). Nebraska Game and Parks Commission -- White Papers, Conference Presentations, & Manuscripts. 56. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebgamewhitepap/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Game and Parks Commission -- White Papers, Conference Presentations, & Manuscripts by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE WHITE PERCH IN NEBRASKA by Gene Zuerlein 10 1 LENGTH (inches) Nebraska Technical Series No.8 NEBRASKA GAME AND PARKS COMMISSION Eugene T. Mahoney, Director THE WHITE PERCH, Marone americana (Gmelin) in NEBAASKA by Gene Zuerlein Nebraska Technical Series No.8 Nebraska Game and Parks Commission P. O. Box 30370 Lincoln, Nebraska 68503 1981 A contribution of Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-48-R Nebraska WAGON TRAIN RESERVOIR -N- STAGECOACH RESERVOIR TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. 7 Description of Study Reservoirs. 7 Literature Survey . 9 Methods and Materials .................................... _. 13 Collecting and Sampling Procedures. 13 Age and Growth. 13 Reproduction. • . .. 13 Spawning Season. .. 13 Fecundity. 14 Sex Ratio. 14 Food Habits. 14 Population Inventories. .. 14 Results and Discussion. .. 15 Age and Growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Kansas Stream Fishes
    A POCKET GUIDE TO Kansas Stream Fishes ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ By Jessica Mounts Illustrations © Joseph Tomelleri Sponsored by Chickadee Checkoff, Westar Energy Green Team, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism, Kansas Alliance for Wetlands & Streams, and Kansas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center Table of Contents • Introduction • 2 • Fish Anatomy • 3 • Species Accounts: Sturgeons (Family Acipenseridae) • 4 ■ Shovelnose Sturgeon • 5 ■ Pallid Sturgeon • 6 Minnows (Family Cyprinidae) • 7 ■ Southern Redbelly Dace • 8 ■ Western Blacknose Dace • 9 ©Ryan Waters ■ Bluntface Shiner • 10 ■ Red Shiner • 10 ■ Spotfin Shiner • 11 ■ Central Stoneroller • 12 ■ Creek Chub • 12 ■ Peppered Chub / Shoal Chub • 13 Plains Minnow ■ Silver Chub • 14 ■ Hornyhead Chub / Redspot Chub • 15 ■ Gravel Chub • 16 ■ Brassy Minnow • 17 ■ Plains Minnow / Western Silvery Minnow • 18 ■ Cardinal Shiner • 19 ■ Common Shiner • 20 ■ Bigmouth Shiner • 21 ■ • 21 Redfin Shiner Cover Photo: Photo by Ryan ■ Carmine Shiner • 22 Waters. KDWPT Stream ■ Golden Shiner • 22 Survey and Assessment ■ Program collected these Topeka Shiner • 23 male Orangespotted Sunfish ■ Bluntnose Minnow • 24 from Buckner Creek in Hodgeman County, Kansas. ■ Bigeye Shiner • 25 The fish were catalogued ■ Emerald Shiner • 26 and returned to the stream ■ Sand Shiner • 26 after the photograph. ■ Bullhead Minnow • 27 ■ Fathead Minnow • 27 ■ Slim Minnow • 28 ■ Suckermouth Minnow • 28 Suckers (Family Catostomidae) • 29 ■ River Carpsucker •
    [Show full text]
  • A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States And
    t a AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY QL 614 .A43 V.2 .A 4-3 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY Special Publication No. 2 A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes -^ ru from the United States m CD and Canada (SECOND EDITION) A/^Ssrf>* '-^\ —---^ Report of the Committee on Names of Fishes, Presented at the Ei^ty-ninth Annual Meeting, Clearwater, Florida, September 16-18, 1959 Reeve M. Bailey, Chairman Ernest A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. Richard Robins Phil M. Roedel, W. B. Scott, Loren P. Woods Ann Arbor, Michigan • 1960 Copies of this publication may be purchased for $1.00 each (paper cover) or $2.00 (cloth cover). Orders, accompanied by remittance payable to the American Fisheries Society, should be addressed to E. A. Seaman, Secretary-Treasurer, American Fisheries Society, Box 483, McLean, Virginia. Copyright 1960 American Fisheries Society Printed by Waverly Press, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland lutroduction This second list of the names of fishes of The shore fishes from Greenland, eastern the United States and Canada is not sim- Canada and the United States, and the ply a reprinting with corrections, but con- northern Gulf of Mexico to the mouth of stitutes a major revision and enlargement. the Rio Grande are included, but those The earlier list, published in 1948 as Special from Iceland, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Cuba Publication No. 1 of the American Fisheries and the other West Indian islands, and Society, has been widely used and has Mexico are excluded unless they occur also contributed substantially toward its goal of in the region covered. In the Pacific, the achieving uniformity and avoiding confusion area treated includes that part of the conti- in nomenclature.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Highlights
    Species Highlights Alewife · Initially strong 1998 year-class reduce by predation (Chapter 1) Chinook salmon · Continued improvement in growth (Chapter 1) · Catch rates in boat fishery good, similar to 1998 (Chapter 8) Eels · Eel counts at Cornwall eel ladder decline further (Chapter 4) · Continued declines in Lake Ontario commercial fish harvest (Chapter 6) Lake trout · Stocked fish survival declines (Chapter 2) · Condition of sub-adults declines (Chapter 2) · Adult abundance declines (Chapter 2) Lake whitefish · Continued poor condition (Chapter 2) · Decline in growth (Chapter 2) · Poor recruitment (Chapter 2) · Continued decline in adult abundance (Chapter 2) · Decline in commercial fishery harvests (Chapter 6) Rainbow trout · Catch and harvest rates in boat fishery good, similar to 1998 (Chapter 8) · Counts at Ganaraska remain low (Chapter 1) · Possible high level of exploitation of Ganaraska population (Chapter 11) · Anglers report creel limit preferences (Chapter 11) Round goby · First evidence for Bay of Quinte colonization (Chapter 3) Smallmouth bass · Continued improvement in year-class strength (Chapter 3) · Increased angling catches in the Bay of Quinte (Chapter 7) Walleye · Continued decline in population (Chapter 3) · Continued decline in open-water angling catch, harvests, and effort (Chapter 7) · Increased harvest in 1999 winter fishery (Chapter 7) · Continued increase in aboriginal spear fishing harvests (Chapter 9) · Decline in commercial harvest in 1999 (Chapter 6) · A summary of what is happening to walleye (Chapter 10) Yellow perch · Increased abundance in the Bay of Quinte (Chapter 3) · Increased abundance in the Thousand Islands, St. Lawrence River (Chapter 4) · Increased commercial harvests in the Bay Quinte, Thousand Islands, and E.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist Are Specially Adapted to Finding Food Don’T Expect to See Fish Swimming Deep Below in Low-Light Environments
    HABITATS OF THE LOWER GRAND RIVER FISHES OF THE LOWER GRAND RIVER The warm, muddy water of the Grand River is home to more than 100 species FISH WATCHING of fish. Some are large river fish that A CHECKLIST are specially adapted to finding food Don’t expect to see fish swimming deep below in low-light environments. Many others the turbid water of the Grand, but late summer is use the Grand as a connecting highway a good time to see gar gulping air at the surface. between their preferred habitats. Schools of young shad also create disturbances on the surface. When the water is calm in backwaters and at the mouth of the river, you can observe a variety of sucker species, carp, drum and bass feeding over rocks or shallow flats. Backwaters include a drowned river mouth lake (Spring Lake), numerous bayous and COllECTING FISH man-made gravel pits. Some are dominated Angling with hook and line is the best way to by rich plankton blooms and others offer catch most species. Even minnows and darters abundant rooted vegetation. will strike a tiny fly or hook baited with a piece of worm. Nets and minnow traps are also legal gear Many small creeks flow to theGrand River. for certain species in some environments (check Some suffer from excessive sediment and the Michigan Fishing Guide for regulations). nutrients, which creates poor water quality Seines are a good choice for snag-free flats and that can limit fish diversity. However, others cast nets are effective on open water species in like the upper reaches of Crockery Creek Lake Michigan waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment and Public Outreach of Low Water Level Impacts on Fish
    2 St. Lawrence Drive Cornwall, Ontario K6H 4Z1 (613) 936-6620 Assessment and public outreach of low water level impacts on fish community and aquatic habitat in Lake St. Lawrence Authors Project Supervisor: March 29, 2019 Matt Windle Aquatic Biologist E: [email protected] Project Lead: Jesse St John Environmental Field/GIS Technician E: [email protected] 1 Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 METHODS ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Study Area ................................................................................................................................... 4 Fish Community Data .................................................................................................................. 4 Critical habitat requirements of life history stages ..................................................................... 6 Water Level Data ......................................................................................................................... 6 RESULTS & DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. 10 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Quick ID Features for Bait Fish [Pdf]
    OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF WILDLIFE Quick ID Features for Baitfish DEALER EDITION PUB 5487-D Quick ID Features for Baitfish TABLE OF CONTENTS Common Bait Fish-At a Glance ................................03 Sliver Carp and Bighead Carp ..................................18 Common Minnows: Family Cyprinidae .....................04 Grass Carp and Black Carp ......................................19 Suckers: Family Catostomidae .................................05 Silver Carp, Bighead Carp, and Golden Shiner ............20 Gizzard Shad: Family Clupeidae ..............................06 Silver Carp, Bighead Carp, Mooneye, and Goldeye .......21 Skipjack Herring: Family Clupeidae .........................07 Silver Carp, Bighead Carp, and Skipjack Herring ..........22 Smelt (Rainbow): Family Osmeridae ........................08 Silver Carp, Bighead Carp, and Gizzard Shad ..............23 Brook Silverside: Family Atherinidae .........................09 Bowfin, Burbot, and Snakehead ...............................24 Brook Stickleback: Family Gasterosteidae .................10 Blackstripe Topminnow and Northern Studfish ..........25 Trout-Perch: Family Percopsidae .............................11 Mottled Sculpin, Tubenose Goby, and Round Goby ....26 Sculpins: Family Cottidae .......................................12 Yellow Perch, White Bass, and Eurasian Ruffe .............27 Darters: Family Percidae ........................................13 White Bass, White Perch, and Freshwater Drum ..........28 Blackstripe Topminnow: Family
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 LEC FTG Executive Summary
    Lake Erie Committee REPRESENTING THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES OF LAKE ERIE AND LAKE ST. CLAIR Introduction The Lake Erie Committee Forage Task Group report addresses progress made in 2012 on four charges: 1. Continue to describe the status and trends of forage fish and invertebrates in each basin of Lake Erie. 2. Continue the development of an experimental design to facilitate forage fish assessment and standardized interagency reporting. 3. Continue hydroacoustic assessment of the pelagic forage fish community in Lake Erie, incorporating new methods in survey design and analysis while following the GLFC’s Great Lakes Hydroacoustic Standard Operating Procedures where possible/feasible. 4. Continue the interagency lower-trophic food web monitoring program to produce annual indices of trophic conditions which will be included with the annual description of forage status. The complete report is available from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Erie Committee Forage Task Group website (http://www.glfc.org/lakecom/lec/FTG.htm#pub), or upon request from an LEC, STC, or FTG representative. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ East Basin Status of Forage Total prey fish species abundance was high in Ontario, but below average in New York. Rainbow smelt was again the most abundant prey species. Age-0 rainbow smelt abundance increased 2.5-fold in Ontario, but decreased 74% in New York. Yearling- and-older (YAO) rainbow smelt were less abundant than age-0 smelt and densities were similar to (Ontario) or well below (New York and Pennsylvania) agency 10-year averages. Age-0 and -1 rainbow smelt mean fork length increased in 2012; both age groups were above average size.
    [Show full text]
  • The Living Planet Index (Lpi) for Migratory Freshwater Fish Technical Report
    THE LIVING PLANET INDEX (LPI) FOR MIGRATORY FRESHWATER FISH LIVING PLANET INDEX TECHNICAL1 REPORT LIVING PLANET INDEXTECHNICAL REPORT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to a number of individuals and organisations who have worked with the LPD and/or shared their data. A full list of all partners and collaborators can be found on the LPI website. 2 INDEX TABLE OF CONTENTS Stefanie Deinet1, Kate Scott-Gatty1, Hannah Rotton1, PREFERRED CITATION 2 1 1 Deinet, S., Scott-Gatty, K., Rotton, H., Twardek, W. M., William M. Twardek , Valentina Marconi , Louise McRae , 5 GLOSSARY Lee J. Baumgartner3, Kerry Brink4, Julie E. Claussen5, Marconi, V., McRae, L., Baumgartner, L. J., Brink, K., Steven J. Cooke2, William Darwall6, Britas Klemens Claussen, J. E., Cooke, S. J., Darwall, W., Eriksson, B. K., Garcia Eriksson7, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz8, Zeb Hogan9, Joshua de Leaniz, C., Hogan, Z., Royte, J., Silva, L. G. M., Thieme, 6 SUMMARY 10 11, 12 13 M. L., Tickner, D., Waldman, J., Wanningen, H., Weyl, O. L. Royte , Luiz G. M. Silva , Michele L. Thieme , David Tickner14, John Waldman15, 16, Herman Wanningen4, Olaf F., Berkhuysen, A. (2020) The Living Planet Index (LPI) for 8 INTRODUCTION L. F. Weyl17, 18 , and Arjan Berkhuysen4 migratory freshwater fish - Technical Report. World Fish Migration Foundation, The Netherlands. 1 Indicators & Assessments Unit, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society 11 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION of London, United Kingdom Edited by Mark van Heukelum 11 Data set 2 Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Design Shapeshifter.nl Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Drawings Jeroen Helmer 12 Global trend Ottawa, ON, Canada 15 Tropical and temperate zones 3 Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Photography We gratefully acknowledge all of the 17 Regions New South Wales, Australia photographers who gave us permission 20 Migration categories 4 World Fish Migration Foundation, The Netherlands to use their photographic material.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) Attribute Assignments for Macroinvertebrates and Fish in the Mid-Atlantic Region (Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland)
    Mid-Atlantic Biological Condition Gradient Attributes Final Report Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) Attribute Assignments for Macroinvertebrates and Fish in the Mid-Atlantic Region (Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland) Prepared for Jason Hill and Larry Willis VDEQ Susan Jackson USEPA Prepared by Ben Jessup, Jen Stamp, Michael Paul, and Erik Leppo Tetra Tech Final Report August 5, 2019 Mid-Atlantic BCG Attributes Final Report; August 5, 2019 Executive Summary Macroinvertebrates and fish have varying levels of sensitivity to pollution based on their taxa specific adaptations and the magnitude, frequency, and type of stressors. Environmental conditions influence the structure of lotic communities in the Mid-Atlantic. The Biological Condition Gradient is a conceptual model that describes the condition of waterbodies relative to well-defined levels of condition that are known to vary with levels of disturbance based on the pollution tolerances of aquatic organisms. In biological assessment programs, the tolerance characteristics of the aquatic organisms are part of the determination of overall stream health. This study represents the first phase of statewide BCG development in Virginia by assigning tolerance attributes to many common macroinvertebrates and fish in the Mid-Atlantic. BCG tolerance attributes reflect taxa sensitivity to stream conditions. The attributes (I – X) represent commonness, rarity, regional specialization, tolerance to disturbance, organism condition, ecosystem function and connectivity (Table 1, Appendix A). Attributes I – VI are related to tolerance to disturbance. These are used in BCG models to describe aspects of the community relative to disturbance (Table 2). Attributes I, VI, and X can be assigned to taxa to describe the natural biological condition of a waterbody.
    [Show full text]