Table S1. Fold Changes of Qualified Metabolites
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United States July 2016 2 Table of Contents
Deuterium Labelled Compounds United States July 2016 2 Table of Contents International Distributors 3 Corporate Overview 4 General Information 5 Pricing and Payment 5 Quotations 5 Custom Synthesis 5 Shipping 5 Quality Control 6 Quotations 6 Custom Synthesis 6 Shipping 6 Quality Control 6 Chemical Abstract Service Numbers 6 Handling Hazardous Compounds 6 Our Products are Not Intended for Use in Humans 7 Limited Warranty 7 Packaging Information 7 Alphabetical Listings 8 Stock Clearance 236 Products by Category 242 n-Alkanes 243 α-Amino Acids, N-Acyl α-Amino Acids, N-t-BOC Protected α-Amino Acid 243 and N-FMOC Protected α-Amino Acids Buffers and Reagents for NMR Studies 245 Detergents 245 Environmental Standards 246 Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Esters 249 Flavours and Fragrances 250 Gases 253 Medical Research Products 254 Nucleic Acid Bases and Nucleosides 255 Pesticides and Pesticide Metabolites 256 Pharmaceutical Standards 257 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Alkyl-PAHs, Amino-PAHs, 260 Hydroxy-PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 260 Spin Labels 261 Steroids 261 3 International Distributors C Beijng Zhenxiang H EQ Laboratories GmbH Australia K Technology Company Graf-von-Seyssel-Str. 10 Rm. 15A01, Changyin Bld. 86199 Augsburg Austria H No. 88, YongDingLu Rd. Germany Beijing 100039 Tel.: (49) 821 71058246 Belgium J China Fax: (49) 821 71058247 Tel.: (86) 10-58896805 [email protected] China C Fax: (86) 10-58896158 www.eqlabs.de Czech Republic H [email protected] Germany, Austria, China Czech Republic, Greece, Denmark I Hungary, -
Campro Catalog Stable Isotope
Introduction & Welcome Dear Valued Customer, We are pleased to present to you our Stable Isotopes Catalog which contains more than three thousand (3000) high quality labeled compounds. You will find new additions that are beneficial for your research. Campro Scientific is proud to work together with Isotec, Inc. for the distribution and marketing of their stable isotopes. We have been working with Isotec for more than twenty years and know that their products meet the highest standard. Campro Scientific was founded in 1981 and we provide services to some of the most prestigious universities, research institutes and laboratories throughout Europe. We are a research-oriented company specialized in supporting the requirements of the scientific community. We are the exclusive distributor of some of the world’s leading producers of research chemicals, radioisotopes, stable isotopes and environmental standards. We understand the requirements of our customers, and work every day to fulfill them. In working with us you are guaranteed to receive: - Excellent customer service - High quality products - Dependable service - Efficient distribution The highly educated staff at Campro’s headquarters and sales office is ready to assist you with your questions and product requirements. Feel free to call us at any time. Sincerely, Dr. Ahmad Rajabi General Manager 180/280 = unlabeled 185/285 = 15N labeled 181/281 = double labeled (13C+15N, 13C+D, 15N+18O etc.) 186/286 = 12C labeled 182/282 = d labeled 187/287 = 17O labeled 183/283 = 13C labeleld 188/288 = 18O labeled 184/284 = 16O labeled, 14N labeled 189/289 = Noble Gases Table of Contents Ordering Information.................................................................................................. page 4 - 5 Packaging Information .............................................................................................. -
Hypothalamic Principles Necessary for the Release of Ovulating Hormone from the Adenohypophysis
EFFECT OF AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE ON REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES IN FEMALE RATS W. J. EVERSOLE and D. J. THOMPSON Department of Life Sciences, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809, U.S.A. (Received "òlst January 1974) Summary. Adult female rats injected subcutaneously with 100 mg aminoglutethimide phosphate (AGP)/kg/day for 4 weeks failed to become pregnant when placed in cohabitation with males during the last 2 weeks of the injection period. Lower doses depressed the fertility rate and reduced the litter size: the average litter size of three of eleven rats given 50 mg/kg/day was 4\m=.\7 young and of four of eleven rats given 25 mg was 7\m=.\0 young. Twenty-nine controls averaged 10\m=.\1/litter. Doses of 100 mg AGP/kg/day stopped vaginal cycling, prevented ovulation in adults, and delayed dissolution of the vaginal membrane in pubertal rats. Histological studies of the ovaries from rats with initial ages of 17 or 21 days which were injected with 25 to 100 mg AGP/kg/day for 2 weeks showed an increase in the number and size of vesicular follicles. Treatment of 27-day-old rats with 25 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks reduced the number of CL and three of four rats given 50 mg had ovaries lacking such bodies; all control ovaries in this group contained CL. These findings are taken as evidence that AGP inhibits ovulation but does not prevent follicular maturation. INTRODUCTION Many pharmacological compounds originally developed as anaesthetics, tranquillizers and anticonvulsants modify endocrine structures and functions (see Gaunt, Chart & Renzi, 1965). -
Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
Review Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs Epilepsy affects up to 1% of the general population and causes substantial disability. The management of seizures in patients with epilepsy relies heavily on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid have been the primary medications used to treat epilepsy for several decades. Since 1993 several AEDs have been approved by the US FDA for use in epilepsy. The choice of the AED is based primarily on the seizure type, spectrum of clinical activity, side effect profile and patient characteristics such as age, comorbidities and concurrent medical treatments. Those AEDs with broad- spectrum activity are often found to exert an action at more than one molecular target. This article will review the proposed mechanisms of action of marketed AEDs in the US and discuss the future of AEDs in development. 1 KEYWORDS: AEDs anticonvulsant drugs antiepileptic drugs epilepsy Aaron M Cook mechanism of action seizures & Meriem K Bensalem-Owen† The therapeutic armamentarium for the treat- patients with refractory seizures. The aim of this 1UK HealthCare, 800 Rose St. H-109, ment of seizures has broadened significantly article is to discuss the past, present and future of Lexington, KY 40536-0293, USA †Author for correspondence: over the past decade [1]. Many of the newer AED pharmacology and mechanisms of action. College of Medicine, Department of anti epileptic drugs (AEDs) have clinical advan- Neurology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Room L-455, tages over older, so-called ‘first-generation’ First-generation AEDs Lexington, KY 40536, USA AEDs in that they are more predictable in their Broadly, the mechanisms of action of AEDs can Tel.: +1 859 323 0229 Fax: +1 859 323 5943 dose–response profile and typically are associ- be categorized by their effects on the neuronal [email protected] ated with less drug–drug interactions. -
Stems for Nonproprietary Drug Names
USAN STEM LIST STEM DEFINITION EXAMPLES -abine (see -arabine, -citabine) -ac anti-inflammatory agents (acetic acid derivatives) bromfenac dexpemedolac -acetam (see -racetam) -adol or analgesics (mixed opiate receptor agonists/ tazadolene -adol- antagonists) spiradolene levonantradol -adox antibacterials (quinoline dioxide derivatives) carbadox -afenone antiarrhythmics (propafenone derivatives) alprafenone diprafenonex -afil PDE5 inhibitors tadalafil -aj- antiarrhythmics (ajmaline derivatives) lorajmine -aldrate antacid aluminum salts magaldrate -algron alpha1 - and alpha2 - adrenoreceptor agonists dabuzalgron -alol combined alpha and beta blockers labetalol medroxalol -amidis antimyloidotics tafamidis -amivir (see -vir) -ampa ionotropic non-NMDA glutamate receptors (AMPA and/or KA receptors) subgroup: -ampanel antagonists becampanel -ampator modulators forampator -anib angiogenesis inhibitors pegaptanib cediranib 1 subgroup: -siranib siRNA bevasiranib -andr- androgens nandrolone -anserin serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonists altanserin tropanserin adatanserin -antel anthelmintics (undefined group) carbantel subgroup: -quantel 2-deoxoparaherquamide A derivatives derquantel -antrone antineoplastics; anthraquinone derivatives pixantrone -apsel P-selectin antagonists torapsel -arabine antineoplastics (arabinofuranosyl derivatives) fazarabine fludarabine aril-, -aril, -aril- antiviral (arildone derivatives) pleconaril arildone fosarilate -arit antirheumatics (lobenzarit type) lobenzarit clobuzarit -arol anticoagulants (dicumarol type) dicumarol -
Membrane Stabilizer Medications in the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: a Comprehensive Review
Current Pain and Headache Reports (2019) 23: 37 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-019-0774-0 OTHER PAIN (A KAYE AND N VADIVELU, SECTION EDITORS) Membrane Stabilizer Medications in the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: a Comprehensive Review Omar Viswanath1,2,3 & Ivan Urits4 & Mark R. Jones4 & Jacqueline M. Peck5 & Justin Kochanski6 & Morgan Hasegawa6 & Best Anyama7 & Alan D. Kaye7 Published online: 1 May 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review Neuropathic pain is often debilitating, severely limiting the daily lives of patients who are affected. Typically, neuropathic pain is difficult to manage and, as a result, leads to progression into a chronic condition that is, in many instances, refractory to medical management. Recent Findings Gabapentinoids, belonging to the calcium channel blocking class of drugs, have shown good efficacy in the management of chronic pain and are thus commonly utilized as first-line therapy. Various sodium channel blocking drugs, belonging to the categories of anticonvulsants and local anesthetics, have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in the in the treatment of neurogenic pain. Summary Though there is limited medical literature as to efficacy of any one drug, individualized multimodal therapy can provide significant analgesia to patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Keywords Neuropathic pain . Chronic pain . Ion Channel blockers . Anticonvulsants . Membrane stabilizers Introduction Neuropathic pain, which is a result of nervous system injury or lives of patients who are affected. Frequently, it is difficult to dysfunction, is often debilitating, severely limiting the daily manage and as a result leads to the progression of a chronic condition that is, in many instances, refractory to medical This article is part of the Topical Collection on Other Pain management. -
NACE Bromine Chemistry Review Paper
25 YEARS OF BROMINE CHEMISTRY IN INDUSTRIAL WATER SYSTEMS: A REVIEW Christopher J. Nalepa Albemarle Corporation P.O. Box 14799 Baton Rouge, LA 70898 ABSTRACT Bromine chemistry is used to great advantage in nature for fouling control by a number of sessile marine organisms such as sponges, seaweeds, and bryozoans. Such organisms produce small quantities of brominated organic compounds that effectively help keep their surfaces clean of problem bacteria, fungi, and algae. For over two decades, bromine chemistry has been used to similar advantage in the treatment of industrial water systems. The past several years in particular has seen the development of several diverse bromine product forms – one-drum stabilized bromine liquids, all-bromine hydantoin solids, and pumpable gels. The purpose of this paper is to review the development of bromine chemistry in industrial water treatment, discuss characteristics of the new product forms, and speculate on future developments. Keywords: Oxidizing biocide, bleach, bromine, bromine chemistry, sodium hypobromite, activated sodium bromide, Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin, Bromochloromethyethylhydantoin, Dibromodi- methylhydantoin,, BCDMH, BCMEH, DBDMH, stabilized bromine chloride, stabilized hypobromite INTRODUCTION Sessile marine organisms generate metabolites to ward off predators and deter attachment of potential micro- and macrofoulants. Sponges, algae, and bryozoans for example, produce a rich variety of bromine-containing compounds that exhibit antifoulant properties (Fig. 1).1,2,3 Scientists are actively studying these organisms to understand how they maintain surfaces that are relatively clean and slime- free.4 Brominated furanones isolated from the red algae Delisea pulchra, for example, have been found to interfere with the chemical signals (acylated homoserine lactones) that bacteria use to communicate with one another to produce biofilms.5,6 This work may eventually lead to more effective control of microorganisms in a number of industries such as industrial water treatment, oil and gas production, health care, etc. -
Vitamin D Receptor Promotes Healthy Microbial Metabolites
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Vitamin D receptor promotes healthy microbial metabolites and microbiome Ishita Chatterjee1, Rong Lu1, Yongguo Zhang1, Jilei Zhang1, Yang Dai 2, Yinglin Xia1 ✉ & Jun Sun 1 ✉ Microbiota derived metabolites act as chemical messengers that elicit a profound impact on host physiology. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a key genetic factor for shaping the host microbiome. However, it remains unclear how microbial metabolites are altered in the absence of VDR. We investigated metabolites from mice with tissue-specifc deletion of VDR in intestinal epithelial cells or myeloid cells. Conditional VDR deletion severely changed metabolites specifcally produced from carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and bile acid metabolism. Eighty-four out of 765 biochemicals were signifcantly altered due to the Vdr status, and 530 signifcant changes were due to the high-fat diet intervention. The impact of diet was more prominent due to loss of VDR as indicated by the diferences in metabolites generated from energy expenditure, tri-carboxylic acid cycle, tocopherol, polyamine metabolism, and bile acids. The efect of HFD was more pronounced in female mice after VDR deletion. Interestingly, the expression levels of farnesoid X receptor in liver and intestine were signifcantly increased after intestinal epithelial VDR deletion and were further increased by the high-fat diet. Our study highlights the gender diferences, tissue specifcity, and potential gut-liver-microbiome axis mediated by VDR that might trigger downstream metabolic disorders. Metabolites are the language between microbiome and host1. To understand how host factors modulate the microbiome and consequently alter molecular and physiological processes, we need to understand the metabo- lome — the collection of interacting metabolites from the microbiome and host. -
The Use of Central Nervous System Active Drugs During Pregnancy
Pharmaceuticals 2013, 6, 1221-1286; doi:10.3390/ph6101221 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceuticals Review The Use of Central Nervous System Active Drugs During Pregnancy Bengt Källén 1,*, Natalia Borg 2 and Margareta Reis 3 1 Tornblad Institute, Lund University, Biskopsgatan 7, Lund SE-223 62, Sweden 2 Department of Statistics, Monitoring and Analyses, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm SE-106 30, Sweden; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 85, Sweden; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +46-46-222-7536, Fax: +46-46-222-4226. Received: 1 July 2013; in revised form: 10 September 2013 / Accepted: 25 September 2013 / Published: 10 October 2013 Abstract: CNS-active drugs are used relatively often during pregnancy. Use during early pregnancy may increase the risk of a congenital malformation; use during the later part of pregnancy may be associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth disturbances and neonatal morbidity. There is also a possibility that drug exposure can affect brain development with long-term neuropsychological harm as a result. This paper summarizes the literature on such drugs used during pregnancy: opioids, anticonvulsants, drugs used for Parkinson’s disease, neuroleptics, sedatives and hypnotics, antidepressants, psychostimulants, and some other CNS-active drugs. In addition to an overview of the literature, data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register (1996–2011) are presented. The exposure data are either based on midwife interviews towards the end of the first trimester or on linkage with a prescribed drug register. -
Metabolite Name Chemical Formula KEGG/HMDB/ Pubchem Identifier Glyoxylate C2H2O3 C00048 Glycolate C2H4O3 C00160 Pyruvate C3H4O3
Metabolite name Chemical formula KEGG/HMDB/ PubChem Identifier glyoxylate C2H2O3 C00048 glycolate C2H4O3 C00160 pyruvate C3H4O3 C00022 lactate C3H6O3 C00186 2-oxobutanoate C4H6O3 C00109 acetoacetate C4H6O3 C00164 glycerate C3H6O4 C00258 uracil C4H4N2O2 C00106 fumarate C4H4O4 C00122 Maleic acid C4H4O4 C01384 2-keto-isovalerate C5H8O3 C00141 Guanidoacetic acid C3H7N3O2 C00581 succinate C4H6O4 C00042 Methylmalonic acid C4H6O4 C02170 3-S-methylthiopropionate C4H8O2S C08276 nicotinate C6H5NO2 C00253 taurine C2H7NO3S C00245 Pyroglutamic acid C5H7NO3 C01879 Citraconic acid C5H6O4 C02226 2-ketohaxanoic acid C6H10O3 HMDB01864 N-Acetyl-L-alanine C5H9NO3 C01073 oxaloacetate C4H4O5 C00036 Hydroxyisocaproic acid C6H12O3 HMDB00746 malate C4H6O5 C00149 hypoxanthine C5H4N4O C00262 anthranilate C7H7NO2 C00108 p-aminobenzoate C7H7NO2 C00568 p-hydroxybenzoate C7H6O3 C00156 acetylphosphate C2H5O5P C00227 Carbamoyl phosphate CH4NO5P C00169 a-ketoglutarate C5H6O5 C00026 Phenylpropiolic acid C9H6O2 HMDB00563 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate C5H8O3S C01180 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanedioic acid C5H8O5 C02612 3-methylphenylacetic acid C9H10O2 HMDB02222 xanthine C5H4N4O2 C00385 Hydroxyphenylacetic acid C8H8O3 C05852 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid C7H6O4 C00196 orotate C5H4N2O4 C00295 dihydroorotate C5H6N2O4 C00337 allantoin C4H6N4O3 C01551 Aminoadipic acid C6H11NO4 C00956 Indole-3-carboxylic acid C9H7NO2 HMDB03320 phenylpyruvate C9H8O3 C00166 Atrolactic acid C9H10O3 HMDB00475 Phenyllactic acid C9H10O3 C01479 quinolinate C7H5NO4 C03722 phosphoenolpyruvate C3H5O6P C00074 Uric -
The Crystal Structure and Mechanism of Orotidine 5-Monophosphate Decarboxylase
The crystal structure and mechanism of orotidine 5-monophosphate decarboxylase Todd C. Appleby, Cynthia Kinsland, Tadhg P. Begley, and Steven E. Ealick* Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Communicated by JoAnne Stubbe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, October 13, 1999 (received for review September 13, 1999) The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis orotidine 5-monophos- several hypotheses have been advanced to explain how the phate (OMP) decarboxylase with bound uridine 5-monophos- enzyme stabilizes the carbanion intermediate, the mechanistic phate has been determined by multiple wavelength anomalous details of this reaction are currently unclear. diffraction phasing techniques and refined to an R-factor of 19.3% Three mechanisms have been proposed for OMP decarbox- at 2.4 Å resolution. OMP decarboxylase is a dimer of two identical ylase (Scheme 1). In the first mechanism (zwitterion mecha- subunits. Each monomer consists of a triosephosphate isomerase nism), protonation of the C2 carbonyl group would generate the barrel and contains an active site that is located across one end of zwitterion 3, in which the positive charge at N1 could stabilize the barrel and near the dimer interface. For each active site, most the negative charge accumulating at C6 during the decarboxyl- of the residues are contributed by one monomer with a few ation. This proposal was supported by a model study that residues contributed from the adjacent monomer. The most highly demonstrated that the rate of decarboxylation of 1,3- conserved residues are located in the active site and suggest a dimethylorotate was 1010ϫ slower than the decarboxylation of novel catalytic mechanism for decarboxylation that is different 1-methyl-2,4,-dimethoxypyrimidinium-6-carboxylate (4). -
ACS Style Guide
➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ The ACS Style Guide ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ THIRD EDITION The ACS Style Guide Effective Communication of Scientific Information Anne M. Coghill Lorrin R. Garson Editors AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Washington, DC OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS New York Oxford 2006 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris São Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Idaban Copyright © 2006 by the American Chemical Society, Washington, DC Developed and distributed in partnership by the American Chemical Society and Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the American Chemical Society. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The ACS style guide : effective communication of scientific information.—3rd ed. / Anne M. Coghill [and] Lorrin R. Garson, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8412-3999-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Chemical literature—Authorship—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Scientific literature— Authorship—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. English language—Style—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Authorship—Style manuals. I. Coghill, Anne M. II. Garson, Lorrin R. III. American Chemical Society QD8.5.A25 2006 808'.06654—dc22 2006040668 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ Contents Foreword.