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Illuminating the 21St Century with the Blue LED an Energy Revolution in Lighting

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Illuminating the 21St Century with the Blue LED an Energy Revolution in Lighting 2014 No.55 Reporting on Today and Tomorrow’s Energy, Environmental and Industrial Technology ［Featured Article］ Illuminating the 21st Century with the Blue LED An Energy Revolution in Lighting Special Dialogue “2014’s Nobel Prize Gives Courage to Engineering Graduates” Hiroshi Amano (Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University) × Kazuo Furukawa (NEDO Chairman) Contents What is an LED? An LED Light EPitting Diode is a type of sePiconductor device coPposed of p-type and n-type 2014 no.55 sePiconductors. :hen direct electrical current flows through ［Featured Article］ the Munction between these two 02 types of sePiconductors part of Illuminating the electrical energy is converted st and ePitted as light. The light the 21 color changes depending on the sePiconductor Paterials used. Century ,n coPparison to conventional incandescent bulbs and À uorescent with the Blue laPps LEDs have distinguishing features such as sPaller size the LED The deployPent of LEDs ability to function as a point light in indoor lighting and street source longer service life and lower power consuPption. The An Energy Revolution in lights is progressing rapidly. Lighting ParNet for coPpact LED laPps of the Nind ¿ rst developed around 2003 grew rapidly due to energy- saving Peasures after the *reat East -apan EarthTuaNe in 2011. History of LED Development 1879 04 Special Dialogue “2014’s Nobel Prize Award Gives Courage to Incandescent light bulb Engineering Graduates” Hiroshi Amano Professor *raduate 6chool of Engineering Nagoya 8niversity ［Featured Article］ × Kazuo Furukawa st NED2 &hairPan Illuminating the 21 08 NEDO Project Overview Achieving High- ef¿ ciency LED Lights Century with the with an Ef¿ cient 0ethod for Growing GaN Crystals Blue LED 10 Special Report Toyoda *osei &o. Ltd. An Energy Revolution in Lighting Developing LED Business as a Second The invention of the blue LED that won the Nobel Prize for Physics Core Business to Follow in 2014 has led to the creation of energy-saving light bulbs to Automobile Parts replace conventional incandescent bulbs and is changing the world of household and industrial lighting. Lighting currently accounts for 12 NEDO Project Overview nearly 20 of household and of¿ ce power consuPption and if the use Creating an Even 0ore of e[trePely high-efficiency LED lighting e[pands it can proPote Favorable Environment energy conservation on a global scale. This featured article covers the for Developing Next Generation Power latest inforPation on energy-saving lighting including NED2¶s proMects Electronics with 2014’s involved in the developPent of blue LEDs as well as ne[t-generation Nobel Prize Award power electronics. 02 &olorful display of electronic billboards and large-scale displays is Pade possible by the developPent of blue LEDs. NED2 ³ DevelopP ent of &oPpound 6ePiconductors for Light ePission phenoPenon observed :hite LED High Efficiency 2ptoelectronic when voltage applied to 6i& High-intensity blue created by &onversion Light for the 21st silicon carbide LED created using coPbining &entury ProMect ´ aiPs for a light-ePitting a blue LED iPproved energy conservation Yellow-green layer of In*aN and a yellow with luPinous efficiency of LED indiuP galliuP nitride phosphor 0-100 lP:. 1961 1989 1995 2002 1998-2003 2010-2014 1907 1968 1993 1996 Red LED ³PN Munction´ *reen LED :hite LED NED2 ³ FundaP ental created using created using created by coPbining Technology DevelopPent p-type light-ePitting an ultraviolet ProMect of Ne[t-generation *aN galliuP nitride layer of LED and an R*% High-efficiency and High- In*aN phosphor Tuality Lighting´ aiPs for significantly iPproved energy conservation with a goal of luP inous efficiency over 200 lP:. Changes in Domestic Shipments of Lighting Equipment (millions of yen) 700,000 LED lighting eTuipPent In recent years LED lighting has spread rapidly! Electric-discharge laPp eTuipPent Disaster prevention eTuipPent Incandescent laPp eTuipPent 600,000 Fluorescent laPp eTuipPent As LEDs have becoPe 500,000 used in the bacNlights of Pobile phones and tablet coPputers the ParNet 400,000 has becoPe huge. 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 6ource -apan Lighting 0anufacturers Association FY2013 data 2014 no.55 03 Special Dialogue Dialogue Professor *raduate 6chool of In 2014 three -apanese scientists who Featured Article Engineering Nagoya 8niversity conducted research and developPent in “2014’s Nobel Prize LED technology received the Nobel Prize Award Gives Courage Director ANasaNi Research &enter Nagoya 8niversity to Engineering for Physics. 2ne of the three Professor Graduates.” Hiroshi APano of Nagoya 8niversity¶s Hiroshi Amano *raduate 6chool of Engineering has been involved with NED2 and has worNed together on a proMect with NED2 in the past. After receiving news that Professor APano had won the Nobel Prize &hairPan of NED2 .azuo FuruNawa sat down with hiP NED2 &hairPan for an in-depth conversation. They discussed the bacNstory of APano¶s prize-winning Kazuo Furukawa research and future developPents in LED research as well as the current situation facing university engineering departPents. Professor *raduate 6chool of Engineering Nagoya 8niversity Director ANasaNi Research &enter Nagoya 8niversity Hiroshi Amano %orn in HaPaPatsu &ity 6hizuoNa Prefecture. *raduated froP 6chool of Engineering Nagoya 8niversity in 13. &oPpleted doctoral courseworN at Nagoya 8niversity but withdrew froP studies in 1. Received his doctoral degree in engineering in 1. %ecaPe a Professor in the Faculty of 6cience and Engineering at 0eiMo 8niversity in 2002. Later becaPe a Fellow at the -apan 6ociety of Applied Physics in 200 and then a Professor in *raduate 6chool of Engineering at Nagoya 8niversity in 2010. Received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2014 based on his research on blue LEDs. Also received the 2rder of &ulture and selected as a Person of &ultural 0erit in the saPe year as of NovePber 2014 . 04 theoretical physics to win. As soPeone who also graduated in LED Research Became a Big Success engineering I thinN that your winning this award gives all the Thanks to a Device Failure people worNing in the engineering coPPunity a great aPount Furukawa: :e truly want to congratulate you on receiving of courage. 2014¶s Nobel Prize for Physics. First I would liNe to asN you Amano: I also thinN that it¶s great that the Nobel Prize shone about the signi¿cance of receiving the Nobel Prize. In the soPe light on our 6chool of Engineering. At the beginning press release that was released by the Royal 6wedish AcadePy we didn¶t have enough funding and buying Paterials. 6o our of 6ciences it says ³The LED laPp holds great proPise for e[periPental equipPent was hoPePade. :e tooN parts froP increasing the quality of life for over 1.5 billion people around old devices and an unused rotary puPp froP another research the world who lacN access to electricity grids due to low power laboratory and used theP to assePble our equipPent. After requirePents it can be powered by cheap local solar power.´ that we had to build a device to show that it could produce light Professor what are your feelings about this" well in order to appeal to the world. At that tiPe I conducted Amano: The iPage I always used to hold of the Nobel Prize dePonstrations through NED2 proMect and this enabled Py was that it was an award intended for theoretical physicists liNe worN to gain global attention. NED2 really helped greatly. It Professors HideNi YuNawa Toshihide 0asuNawa and 0aNoto is truly thanNs to NED2 that I have been able to attend Pany .obayashi in the case of -apanese laureates. I now feel that the international conferences and present Py ¿ndings and data. Nobel Prize has gradually started recognizing achievePents Furukawa: I aP very happy to hear you say that. Your that are Pore faPiliar and useful to people. The energy-saving invention – inserting a buffer layer as a substrate to cause iPpact of LED is trePendous and it is e[pected that about growth *aN layer – was a really innovative one for us but 0 of the lighting in -apan will becoPe LED by the tiPe of was this Nind of Pethod soPething that you had been thinNing the ToNyo 2lyPpics in 2020. If that happens LEDs will result about froP the beginning" in energy savings equivalent to 7% of total power generation. I Amano: No not at ¿rst. 6ince we couldn¶t Panage to create felt e[trePely lucNy in a sense to have a spotlight on this Nind well-forPed crystals I wondered if there Pight be a need to of lighting and I aP truly happy about it. sandwich the crystals with soPething else. At that tiPe there Furukawa: Actually I also thought that the Nobel Prize was another person in the saPe research laboratory who was for Physics would be hard for people who were not in researching aluPinuP nitride crystals and I realized that they 2014 no.55 05 Special Dialogue “This Year’s Nobel Prize Award Gives Courage to Engineering Graduates.” were forPing well so at that point I thought that I¶d try using potential of *aN is high but unfortunately the substrate that as a buffer layer. However aluPinuP nitride doesn¶t technology is still inferior when coPpared with 6i&. If we cleanly forP a single crystal unless it is created at a high don¶t resolve this issue we won¶t be able to achieve reliability. tePperature. As it happens the Niln occasionally wouldn¶t *iven that power devices are used in ways that iPpact people¶s worN properly and the tePperature would only go up to 00- lives they need to have high reliability - in other words we 00℃. 6o I tried attaching the buffer layer at low tePperature. need to establish technology to PaNe better crystals that will This was ultiPately a big success.
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