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Veteranness : Representations of Combat-Related PTSD in U.S. Popular Visual Media

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Veteranness : Representations of Combat-Related PTSD in U.S. Popular Visual Media Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open Reports 2014 Veteranness : Representations of Combat-related PTSD in U.S. Popular Visual Media Diane J. Keranen Michigan Technological University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Rhetoric Commons Copyright 2014 Diane J. Keranen Recommended Citation Keranen, Diane J., "Veteranness : Representations of Combat-related PTSD in U.S. Popular Visual Media", Dissertation, Michigan Technological University, 2014. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/814 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Rhetoric Commons VETERANNESS: REPRESENTATIONS OF COMBAT-RELATED PTSD IN U.S. POPULAR VISUAL MEDIA By Diane J. Keranen A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Rhetoric and Technical Communication MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Diane J. Keranen This dissertation has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Rhetoric and Technical Communication. Department of Humanities Dissertation Advisor: Diane Shoos Committee Member: Dieter Adolphs Committee Member: Elizabeth Flynn Committee Member: Patricia Helsel Department Chair: Ronald Strickland Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................. v Abstract ...................................................................................................................... vii 1 Veteranness: Combat-related PTSD in Popular Visual Media...................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 2 Exigency of this Study................................................................................................ 8 Review of Literature: Veteran Representations in Popular Visual Media .......... 12 Critical Framework..................................................................................................... 18 Criteria for Selection of Media Artifacts........................................................... 19 Method and Theoretical Framework ................................................................ 22 Seeing Veteran Myths................................................................................ 24 Veteranness as a Discursive Unity .......................................................... 31 Uncovering Sociocultural Function of Veteranness............................. 34 Seeing PTSD: Cultures and Symptoms ............................................................ 37 Diagnostic Criteria..................................................................................... 41 Analyzing Visual Media and PTSD Symptom-like Constructs..................... 47 Chapter Summaries .................................................................................................... 48 2 Representations of World War I and World War II Veterans........................ 51 Introduction: Representations of WWI and WWII Veterans.............................. 52 Veteran Discourse in the 1930s, 40s and 50s ......................................................... 58 World War I Veteran James Allen............................................................................ 65 Film Synopsis: I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang, 1932 .................................. 66 Seeing James Allen as a Combat-affected Veteran ......................................... 72 Veteran Myth from James Allen Representation ............................................ 81 World War II Veterans Al Stephenson and Fred Derry....................................... 86 Film Synopsis: The Best Years of Our Lives, 1946............................................... 87 Seeing Al Stephenson and Fred Derry as Combat-affected Veterans ......... 93 Veteran Myth from Al and Fred Representations .......................................... 104 iii 3 Representations of Vietnam War Veterans.................................................... 107 Introduction: Representations of Vietnam War Veterans.................................... 108 Veteran Discourse in the 1960s through the 1990s............................................... 111 Vietnam War Veteran Michael.................................................................................. 123 Film Synopsis: The Deer Hunter, 1978 ................................................................ 124 Seeing Michael as a Combat-affected Veteran................................................. 129 Veteran Myth from Michael Representation ................................................... 136 Vietnam War Veteran Private Eriksson .................................................................. 137 Film Synopsis: Casualties of War, 1989 ............................................................... 138 Seeing Eriksson as a Combat-affected Veteran............................................... 142 Veteran Myth from Private Eriksson Representation.................................... 144 4 Post 9/11 Veteran Representations................................................................ 146 Introduction: Post 9/11 Veteran Representations................................................. 147 Veteran Discourse after 9/11 ................................................................................... 148 Iraq War Veteran Sergeant James ............................................................................ 155 Film Synopsis: The Hurt Locker, 2008................................................................ 156 Seeing Sergeant James as a Combat-affected Veteran.................................... 166 Veteran Myth from Sergeant James Representation....................................... 170 Veteran Representations: HBO documentary Wartorn: 1861-2010 ..................... 173 Film Synopsis: Wartorn: 1861-2010, 2011 ......................................................... 173 Seeing Noah, Jason, Nathan and Billy as Combat-affected Veterans.......... 175 Veteran Myth from Wartorn Representations .................................................. 184 Epilogue: Sociocultural Functions of Veteranness............................................ 187 Project Synopsis.......................................................................................................... 188 Summary: Veteran Myths after WWI and WWII .................................................. 189 Summary: Veteran Myths after the Vietnam War ................................................. 191 Summary: Veteran Myths Post 9/11........................................................................ 193 Veteranness as a Discursive Unity ........................................................................... 195 Sociocultural Functions of Veteranness.................................................................. 195 Works Cited and Referenced ......................................................................... 199 iv List of Figures 1 Veteranness: Combat-related PTSD in Popular Visual Media Figure 1.1 Photographs of Barnes while fleeing ............................................... 24 Figure 1.2 Illustration of first-order system....................................................... 24 Figure 1.3 Illustration of second-order system.................................................. 28 Figure 1.4 Photograph of Barnes after presumed dead ................................... 32 Figure 1.5 Photograph of Barnes two weeks after death................................. 33 Figure 1.6 Illustration of Veteranness................................................................. 36 2 Representations of World War I and World War II Veterans Figure 2.1 Image of Life magazine’s “Speaking of Pictures” pictorial ........... 60 Figure 2.2 Image of Life magazine’s “The War” essay..................................... 61 Figure 2.3 First appearance of James Allen ....................................................... 67 Figure 2.4 James Allen in his final scene............................................................ 83 Figure 2.5 First appearance of Fred Derry......................................................... 87 Figure 2.6 First appearance of Al Stephenson .................................................. 89 Figure 2.7 Al Stephenson in his final scene....................................................... 103 Figure 2.8 Fred Derry in his final scene ............................................................. 104 3 Representations of Vietnam War Veterans Figure 3.1 Image of front cover of Vietnam: Reflexes and Reflections ................ 116 Figure 3.2 Image of Reflections (Teter) ................................................................. 119 Figure 3.2 Image of Self-Portrait: The Vietnam Veteran (Suarez)........................ 122 Figure 3.4 First post-war appearance of Michael.............................................. 130 Figure 3.5 Michael in his final scene................................................................... 135 Figure 3.6 First post-war appearance of Eriksson............................................ 139 Figure 3.7 Eriksson in his final scene ................................................................. 142 v 4 Post 9/11 Veteran Representations Figure 4.1 Image of Wartorn: 1861-2010 web site ............................................
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