The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 233 Treatment of Class II Furcations with Autogenous Bone Grafts and e-PTFE Membranes Marcelo C Camelo* This Study reports the clinical results Marc L Neuins, D/WD, MMSc* of the treatment of 28 consecutive Myron Nevins, DDS** Class II furcation defects with tetra- cycline root conditioning, autoge- nous bone grafts, and expanded This article reports a successful clinical regimen of treatment for the Class il furca- polytetrafluoroethylenc (e-PTFE) tion defect. Twenty-eight patients with molar teeth demonstrating Class It furca- tions were treated with regenerative therapy with the goal of regenerating lost membranes. The authors were dir- interradicutar periodontium. The treatment selected included scaling and root ected toward this therapeutic regi- planing, surgical flap design that would enable the flap to completely cover the men after analyzing previous publi- surgical site, complete enucleation of granulation tissue, tstracycline root condi- cations that addressed regenerative tioning, a particulate autogenous bone graft, and an expandecJ polytetrafluo- efforts when encountering Class II roethylene (e-PTFEj membrane. Of the twenty-eight consecutive patients treated,and III furcation invasion in mandibu- twenty-five demonstrated no postoperative clinical evidence of furcation inva- lar and maxillary molar teeth. sion, for a success rate of 39%. Eleven sites were reopened 3 to 9 months post- surgical and presented complete furcation fill with a hard, bone-lii<e tissue. Three Regenerative treatments can re- teeth were judged to be failures because clinical assessment revealed persistentsult in minimal probing depths by furcation invasion. The absence of histologie evidence precludes the presumptionrestoring the lost periodontium, but that complete periodontal regeneration occurred (Int J Periodontics Restorative the success of treating furcations with Dent2000;20:233-243.) regenerative procedures has been quite varied. Schallhorn et al' used iliac crest bone grafts to treat crestal defects, furcations, and one-, two-, and three-walled defects. Reentry surgery or bone sounding revealed complete furcation fill for seven of the eight treated Class II furcation defects, but few clinicians appear to be able to replicate the outstanding success rate of 87%. Therapeutic 'Brazil Institute for Advanced Dental Studies, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. •Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. modalities proposed for the regen- erative surgical treatment of man- Reprint requests: Dr Marcelo Camelo, The Brazil institute for Advanced dibular Class II furcation defects have Dental Studies, Rua Rio de Janeiro 1915, Belo Horizonte 30160-042, Brasil, Volume 20, Numi^er 3, 2000 234 included coronally advanced flaps results compared to other available The e-PTFE barrier membranes with or without citric acid root con- regenerative regimens for treating (3Í/WL Gore) with or without tita- ditioning,^'^ bone autografts,' bone Class II furcation defects. This study nium reinforcement were placed allografts,'' freeze-dned bone allo- was designed to investigate whether over the bone grafts and stabilized grafts,^* alloplasts,'' nonresorbable the combined treatment with tetra- with stainless steel pins and sutures barrier membranes,^"^^ resorbable cycline root conditioning, autoge- as indicated in each case. Soft tissues barrier membranes,^''''' and combi- nous bone grafts, and e-PTFE mem- were sutured tension free with Gore- nation procedures of bone allografts branes IS predictable to treat Class II Tex (3ÍAA/L Gore) or silk sutures to with barrier membranes.'^"^'• furcation defects. This study reports achieve primary closure over the Schallhorn and McClain^^ on 28 consecutive furcation defects grafts and membranes. treated 62 Class II and III furcations treated in this way. Surgical dressing was placed with e-PTFE barrier membranes over the surgical site for 1 to 3 alone or in combination with com- weeks. Patients were examined posite bone grafts with or without Method and materials every 2 to 4 days for the first 2 weeks citric acid root conditioning. Ofthe and then weekly for the next 8 46 furcation defeas, 33 (72%) receiv- Twenty-eight patients having mod- weeks. The surgical sites were ing combined treatment had com- erate to advanced periodontitis in- swabbed with chlorhexidine diglu- plete furcation fill, while 5 of 16 cluding one Class II furcation defect conate 0.12%, and supragingival membrane-only sites (31%) had consented to participate in this plaque was removed at each post- complete furcation fill. Their 5-year study. The protocol included presur- operative visit, with the sutures re- data were reported for 38 of 46 gical treatment with extensive oral moved between 7 and 21 days. Pa- graft- and membrane-treated furca- hygiene instruction, scaling and root tients were instructed to rinse with tion sites and all 16 membrane-only planing, and preoperative recording 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate 2 furcation sites.^° There was complete of the probing depth, attachment times per day for 8 weeks and re- furcation fill as determined by reen- levels, and the presence or absence sumed oral hygiene after the third try surgery for 66% ofthe graft-and- and classification of furcation in- postoperative week. Complete- membrane sites (38 of 46), while only volvement using the classification mouth prophylaxis and oral hygiene 12.5% (2 of 16) ofthe membrane- system of Hamp et al.^^ Full-thick- instruction were performed every 2 only sites had complete furcation fill. ness mucoperiosteal flaps with sul- months for the duration ofthe study. The combination-treatment sites cular incisions and vertical releases Clinical measurements were had a decrease in horizontal probing were designed to achieve primary performedforallcases8to 9 months depth of 4.0 mm, versus 2.0 mm for closure over the membrane and after the surgical procedure. Eleven membrane-only sites. Reentry after bone graft. Meticulous root prepa- patients consented to reentry surgi- 5 years demonstrated remarkable ration was performed, and the root cal procedures, and the defects were stability for the combined-treatment surface was treated with tetracycline classified as having either incom- cohort, with 6ó% complete furcation paste for 4 minutes. Prior to graft plete or complete bone fill. fill compared to the initial report of placement, all granulation tissue was 72%. The membrane-only sites co- removed from the defect and bleed- hort depreciated to 13% from the ini- ing was stimulated from the defect tial success rate of 31%. and from the periodontal ligament Autogenous bone grafts alone^^ space. Autogenous bone grafts were and combined treatment of allo- harvested from the maxillary tuber- genic bone grafts with barrier mem- osity or the mandibular retromolar have shown improved region and grafted into the defects. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 235 ^^^^M Hf";Ml|-.;r.fTliniral paramotorc (mmf Probinq depth Attachment level Patient Initial Postoperative Change Initial Postoperative Change Recession Failure 1 4.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1 5.0 1.0 5.0 9.0 1.0 8.0 3.0 3 (case 4) 12.0 3.0 9.0 13.0 4.0 9.0 0.0 4 7.0 2.0 5.0 8.0 3.0 5.0 0.0 5 9.0 1.0 8.0 11.0 3.0 8.0 0.0 6 9.0 2.0 7.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 7 6.0 2.5 3.5 6.0 3.0 3.0 0.5 8 (case 3) 6.0 1.5 4.5 7.0 3.0 4.0 0.5 9 n.o 1.0 10.0 10.0 3.0 7.0 3.0 10 8.0 2.0 6.0 8.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 11 9.0 2.0 7.0 8.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 12 (case 2) 9.0 3.0 6.0 10.0 4.0 6.0 0.0 13 8.0 9.0 -1.0 9.0 10.0 -1.0 0.0 X 14 7.0 2.0 5.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 0.0 15 8.0 2.0 6.0 8.0 2.0 6.0 0.0 16 6.0 1.0 5.0 7.0 2.0 5.0 0.0 17 8.0 1.5 6.5 9.0 3.0 6.0 0.5 18 8.0 1.0 7.0 10.0 3.0 7.0 0.0 19 (easel) 11.0 4.0 7.0 11.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 20 9.0 2.0 7.0 10.0 3.0 7.0 0.0 21 8.0 8.0 0.0 n.o 11.0 0.0 0.0 X 22 7.0 8.0 -1.0 7.0 9.0 -2.0 1.0 X 23 14.0 3.0 11.0 14.0 5.0 9.0 2.0 24 6.0 2.0 4.0 7.0 3.0 4.0 0.0 25 12,0 4.0 8.0 12.0 5.0 7.0 1.0 26 10.0 2.0 8.0 10.0 4.0 6.0 2.0 27 9.0 3.0 6.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 28 8.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 Mean 8.39 2.84 5.55 9.14 4.14 5.00 0.84 Standard deviation 2.20 2.13 2.93 2.05 2.30 2.68 1.04 Results failures because of continued clini- attachment of 5.00 ± 2.68 mm, and cally detectable Class II furcations a mean recession of 0.84 ± 1.04 mm. Clinical results and no positive changes in clinical measurements. All successful cases Twenty-five of the twenty-eight cases presented with no clinically de- Reentry results were judged to be clinically suc- tectable furcations at the 8- to 9- cessful as evidenced by no longer month réévaluation, There were no Eleven patients had reentry surgery having clinically detectable furcation cases with intermediate results to evaluate bone fill of the furcation involvement, a significant decrease showing a change from a Class II to defects.