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Gerreidae) En El Sistema Fluvio-Deltaico Pom-Atasta, México Ciencias Marinas, Vol

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Gerreidae) En El Sistema Fluvio-Deltaico Pom-Atasta, México Ciencias Marinas, Vol Ciencias Marinas ISSN: 0185-3880 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Baja California México Aguirre León, Arturo; Díaz Ruiz, Silvia Estructura poblacional, madurez gonádica y alimentación de Eugerres plumieri (gerreidae) en el sistema fluvio-deltaico pom-atasta, México Ciencias Marinas, vol. 26, núm. 2, junio, 2000, pp. 253-273 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ensenada, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48026204 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Ciencias Marinas (2000), 26(2): 253–273 ESTRUCTURA POBLACIONAL, MADUREZ GONÁDICA Y ALIMENTACIÓN DE Eugerres plumieri (GERREIDAE) EN EL SISTEMA FLUVIO-DELTAICO POM-ATASTA, MÉXICO POPULATION STRUCTURE, GONADAL MATURITY AND FEEDING HABITS OF Eugerres plumieri (GERREIDAE) IN THE POM-ATASTA FLUVIAL-DELTAIC SYSTEM, MEXICO Arturo Aguirre-León1 Silvia Díaz-Ruiz2 1 Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco Calzada del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud 04960 México, DF, México E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Hidrobiología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa Apartado postal 55-535 09340 México, DF, México Recibido en enero de 1999; aceptado en diciembre de 1999 RESUMEN Se analizan aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de Eugerres plumieri en el sistema fluvio-deltaico Pom- Atasta asociado con la Laguna de Términos, Campeche (México), en un ciclo anual de 1992 a 1993. Estaespecie es dominante en el sistema por su abundancia numérica, peso, alta frecuencia y amplia distribución. Se obtuvieron 368 individuos, con un peso total de 22,087 g y un intervalo de longitud total de 4.5 a 29.5 cm. La variación anual del coeficiente alométrico b fue de 2.727 a 3.3412. El factor de condición varió de 0.393 a 1.0976. La población está constituida principalmente por individuos juveniles y escasos preadultos y adultos en estadios gonádicos I, II, III, IV, VI y VII, registrándose más hembras maduras que machos desde los 17 cm. La especie utiliza el sistema como área de crianza, crecimiento y alimentación. Tiene un espectro trófico variado ya que consume al menos 11 grupos diferentes, siendo su alimento principal los ostrácodos, foraminíferos, nematodos y tanaidáceos. Es un consumidor de primer orden. El sistema Pom-Atasta se ubica en una zona de intensa actividad pesquera y petrolera, por lo cual es importante avanzar en el conocimiento de sus recursos pesqueros. Palabras clave: Eugerres plumieri, biología, ecología, Pom-Atasta, Golfo de México. 253 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2000 ABSTRACT Biological and ecological aspects of Eugerres plumieri were analyzed during an annual cycle from 1992 to 1993 in the fluvial-deltaic Pom-Atasta system associated with Términos Lagoon, Campeche (Mexico). It is a dominant species in the system, based on its numeric abundance, weight, high frequency and wide distribution. A total of 368 individuals were obtained, with a weight of 22,087 g and length ranging from 4.5 to 29.5 cm. The annual variation of the allometric coefficient b was from 2.727 to 3.3412. The condition factor varied from 0.393 to 1.0976. The population consists mainly of juvenile and adult individuals in gonadal stages I, II, III, IV, VI and VII, and more mature females than males were recorded after 17 cm. This species utilizes the system as a nursery, growth and feeding area. It has a varied trophic spectra and consumes at least 11 different groups. Its principal food items are ostracods, foraminifers, nematodes and tanaidaceans. It is a first order consumer. The Pom-Atasta system is located in a zone of intense fishing and oil activity, so it is important to advance in the knowledge of its fishing resources. Key words: Eugerres plumieri, biology, ecology, Pom-Atasta, Gulf of Mexico. INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCTION El sur del Golfo de México es una región The southern Gulf of Mexico is a prime costera prioritaria para realizar estudios sobre coastal region for the study of fishery la evaluación de recursos pesqueros. Es la resources. It is Mexico’s second most segunda zona de pesca más importante en el important fishing ground and supports impor- país y una región de gran actividad industrial tant industrial activity that includes intense oil que incluye intensa explotación petrolera. En drilling. On the coast of Campeche, Términos particular, la costa de Campeche, la Laguna de Lagoon and associated fluvial-deltaic systems Términos y los sistemas fluvio-deltaicos aso- present a wide variety of fish that are caught by ciados contienen una gran variedad de recursos artisanal fishermen. pesqueros que se explotan de manera artesanal. These ecosystems are used by many fish Los ecosistemas antes referidos son during different stages of their biological ampliamente utilizados por una gran diversidad cycles. Some species of the family Gerreidae, de peces para realizar diferentes etapas de sus commonly known as mojarras, are among the ciclos biológicos, dentro de los cuales destacan most important. Of these, Eugerres plumieri algunas especies de la familia Gerreidae, cono- (Cuvier, 1830) occurs widely and in great cidas comúnmente como mojarras. De éstas, abundance in the different environments of Eugerres plumieri (Cuvier, 1830) tiene una Términos Lagoon and associated fluvial-deltaic amplia distribución y abundancia en los systems. Since it is the largest mojarra of these distintos ambientes de la región de la Laguna systems, it is one of the fishery resources de Términos, incluyendo los sistemas fluvio- caught for local consumption. deltaicos asociados a ella. Por ser la mojarra de Many of the ecological studies conducted mayor talla presente en estos sistemas, ha in this region have defined E. plumieri as a constituido uno de los recursos pesqueros que dominant species in the fluvial-deltaic systems se explotan para consumo local. (Amezcua-Linares and Yáñez-Arancibia, 1980; Diversos estudios ecológicos realizados en Aguirre-León and Yáñez-Arancibia, 1986; esta región han permitido definir que E. Vera-Herrera et al., 1988), and particularly 254 Aguirre-León y Díaz-Ruiz: Estructura poblacional, madurez gonádica y alimentación de E. plumieri plumieri es una especie dominante en los abundant in the Pom-Atasta system (Aguirre- sistemas fluvio-deltaicos (Amezcua-Linares y León et al., 1993; Ayala-Pérez et al., 1993; Yáñez-Arancibia, 1980; Aguirre-León y Cabrera-Díaz, 1995; Gómez-Montes, 1997). Yáñez-Arancibia, 1986; Vera-Herrera et al., The study of the dominant species provides a 1988) y, en particular, más abundante en el clearer understanding of how they use these sistema Pom-Atasta (Aguirre-León et al., 1993; systems through time and of their adaptations Ayala-Pérez et al., 1993; Cabrera-Díaz, 1995; to the hydrological characteristics of these Gómez-Montes, 1997). A través del estudio de environments. The knowledge of the las especies dominantes, es posible comprender population characteristics of these species will de manera más clara la forma en que utilizan help to detect changes in their biological and los sistemas en el tiempo y sus adaptaciones a ecological behavior, due to changes in the las características hidrológicas propias de estos system caused by commercial activities and ambientes. El conocer las características pobla- degradation of the environment. cionales de estas especies ayuda a detectar los In this respect, it is important to note that cambios en su comportamiento biológico y Pom-Atasta is subject to varied environmental ecológico debidos a las alteraciones del sistema impacts, due in part to the construction of provocadas por la explotación comercial y la oil-drilling infrastructure connected with degradación del ambiente. Campeche Sound, which consists of dredges De acuerdo con lo anterior, es importante that support the pipes that carry crude oil and señalar que el sistema Pom-Atasta está sujeto a gasoline from Pom Lagoon; to the destruction variados impactos ambientales que se deben en of mangroves from oil exploration, installation parte a la construcción de la infraestructura of oil drilling platforms, fabrication of carbon petrolera conectada con la Sonda de and beams for homes; as well as to fishing Campeche, a través de dragados para el ten- cooperatives that have settled along Atasta dido de tuberías que transportan crudo y Lagoon. gasolina en la Laguna de Pom; a la tala de man- Due to the economic importance of E. glar para la exploración petrolera, instalación plumieri and the scarce knowledge of its de plataformas de perforación, fabricación de biology and ecology in the Pom-Atasta system, carbón y postes para vivienda; así como a los the objective of this work is to analyze the asentamientos humanos en la Laguna de Atasta sizestructure of the stock and determine the que alberga cooperativas pesqueras. weight/length relationship, condition factor, Debido a la importancia económica de E. gonadal maturity and feeding habits in different plumieri y a los escasos conocimientos sobre la climates and areas of the system, in order to biología y ecología de esta especie en el sis- determine how this species uses the system tema Pom-Atasta, la finalidad de este trabajo es during its biological cycle. This information analizar la estructura de tallas de la población, will establish the present state of the stock and determinar la relación peso/longitud, factor de at the same time provide criteria for the condición, madurez gonádica y hábitos ali- management and conservation of this fishery menticios en diferentes épocas climáticas y resource. localidades del sistema, para establecer como esta especie utiliza el sistema a través de su STUDY AREA ciclo biológico. Estos aspectos permitirán evaluar el estado actual de la población y, a su The Pom-Atasta system is located in north- vez, servirán para proponer criterios sobre el western Términos Lagoon (18º30¢–18º35¢ N; 255 Ciencias Marinas, Vol.
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