Learning from Joe Slovo

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Learning from Joe Slovo Learning from Joe Slovo NCHR workshop on advancing Socio Economic Rights: Session 7 – Group 1 In this activity participants will engage in a critical review of the case, examine the interests and perspectives of the different actors and assess the concepts of 'participation' and 'community' in the setting of a large and dynamic informal settlement. They will analyse the interventions made to secure the rights of the residents past and present and extract key lessons for future engagement. • To bring together human rights practitioners and social activists to critically review the interventions to enable Joe AIMS Slovo residents to access well located and affordable housing and prevent their displacement to Delft. • To examine what might have been done differently to more effectively secure their tenure and rights to housing. • To reflect on the nature of the “community” in Joe Slovo and the meaning of “participation” in this setting. • To identify the key lessons arising from the Joe Slovo case • To understand how the actions of the different spheres of government impacted on the outcomes at Joe Slovo. 1. The facilitator provides a brief introduction to the two scenarios under review (Learning from Joe Slovo and The ACTIVITY rights of others – foreign nationals and xenophobic violence OUTLINE in South Africa). 2. Participants break into self selected working groups to analyse the scenario of their choice. 3. Once in the group participants select a facilitator and rapporteur who will make notes from the discussion. 4. Participants familiarise themselves with the scenario, discuss the key questions and identify lessons for improved practice. 5. Participants report back on their deliberations to the plenary. 1 | Page 1. If we could turn the clock back how might organisations advocating for socio economic rights have worked with KEY QUESTIONS residents to secure a more equitable and sustainable outcome in Joe Slovo and prevent eviction? 2. How do we conceptualise “community” and “participation” in a setting like Joe Slovo? What implications does this have for involving residents in planning and development decision making? 3. How would an emphasis on tenure security to formalise the occupancy rights of the people in the informal settlement earlier in the process have made a difference to the outcome at Joe Slovo? 4. Housing allocation processes, affordability, fire and environmental risk are crucial areas highlighted by the Joe Slovo experience. What can we learn from how these issues were handled? 5. How do activists and lawyers strike a balance between the rights of residents in a particular area and the wider ‘public interest’? How do we assess ‘the public interest’ in terms of informal settlement upgrading and housing development in a context like Joe Slovo? 6. What are the key lessons of the Joe Slovo experience? Joe Slovo case background Joe Slovo timeline RESOURCES 2 | Page Joe Slovo: Case background Introduction This scenario1 reviews the history of Joe Slovo informal settlement since its inception in the late 1980’s . It examines the failure to enable poor households to secure rights to housing and secure tenure on well located land in the City of Cape Town. The settlement was established by former occupants of the Langa hostels and people living in backyard shacks. The original Joe Slovo informal settlement was well located with respect to transport nodes , educational facilities and economic opportunities. This made it one of the fastest growing informal settlements in the city. The settlement is relatively close to the Cape Town Central Business District (CBD) 1 The scenario has been prepared by Rick de Satgé with input and comment by Steve Kahanovitz, Lwazi Kubukeli and Kate Tissington. 3 | Page and has rail access to the city. Commuters can catch trains to town which eases the cost of commuting and provides reliable access to the workplace and trading opportunities in nearby Langa, Pinelands, Epping etc. Rapid settlement expansion Within Joe Slovo a dwelling count conducted in May 1996 found that there were 1 195 informal homes. These had increased to 2,153 by May 19982 and by 2000 the number had grown to 4,3003 dwellings – an increase of 100% in two years. By 2003, there were 5,431 dwellings in Joe Slovo.4 Rising levels of risk This rapid densification, combined with a variety of other factors, contributed to driving up disaster risk on a number of fronts. During this period residents experienced a series of devastating fires which killed several people, destroyed thousands of dwellings and caused millions of rands worth of damage. In the winter months sections of the settlement experienced serious flooding due to inadequate, or non‐existent storm water drainage. This period of rapid settlement expansion was also characterised by increased social tension and competition for resources between the residents and their neighbours. A 2004 evaluation of the Ukuvuka campaign to mitigate the risk of informal settlement fire, alluded to political rivalry between leaders of various zones and noted a history of tension between residents in formal housing in Langa and people in the settlement. It reported anecdotal evidence that fire engines had been stoned or otherwise interfered with on at least one occasion which informants attributed to persons in Langa who wished to see the settlement burn. Between 1995 and 1999 a survey of fire incidence across ten informal settlements5 in the Cape Peninsula revealed a total of 1 612 reported informal dwelling fires which destroyed a total of 10,206 informally constructed homes. Over this period, annual fire events increased by 96%, rising from 213 in 1995 to 418 in 1999. Of all dwellings destroyed, 3,227 (32%) were recorded in Langa/Joe Slovo. Significant environmental and public health hazards developed in this rapidly densifying settlement, despite the provision of increasing levels of service from 2000 onwards (in 2003 there were 21 communal standpipes and 1200 toilets at Joe Slovo).6 Comprehensive housing programme and the N2 Gateway project These problems, coupled with the strategic and highly public nature of the site next to the N2 highway and en route to/from Cape Town International Airport contributed to the decision to launch the N2 Gateway housing project on the site. In his State of the Nation address in May 2004, President Mbeki referred to a new comprehensive programme dealing with human settlement and social infrastructure, which would provide rental‐housing stock for the poor and enable insitu upgrades ‐ already captured in law in chapters 2 Abbott, J. (1999) in DiMP (2002) 3 The Development Support Department of the City of Cape Town conducted the 2000 count 4 City of Cape Town IDP (2004/2005) 5 Bonteheuwel, Brown’s Farm, Elsies River, Gugulethu, Imizamo Yethu, Langa, Manenberg, Nyanga, Redhill and Wallacedene. 6 City of Cape Town IDP (2004/2005) 4 | Page 12 and 13 of the national housing code. This was unveiled as Breaking New Ground: A Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements, and the N2 Gateway development was one of the pilot projects. The media launch of the project took place on 14th February 2005. According to the launch materials: The N2 Gateway Project is a crucial pillar of the realigned housing strategy within which arresting the growth of informal settlements and upgrading is central to the realisation of the aims, goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Housing Plan (CHP) (Emphasis added)7 The stated purpose of the project was to “comprehensively address the housing and development needs of communities in such a way that individual and household livelihoods are enhanced; people are housed in habitable, affordable and sustainable housing; the city is improved through urban renewal, regeneration, and socio‐economic development”. An official briefing document described the situation on the ground in Joe Slovo as follows “The households in the area suffer acute shelter and income poverty; their incomes are very depressed; education levels are extremely low; unemployment is three times higher than in the rest of the Western Cape; and, access to adequate water, sanitation and energy is poor but is slowly improving. These factors combine to create a socially toxic environment characterised by high levels of contact and social fabric crime.” Fragmentation and stratification As could also be expected the rapid growth of the settlement described above contributed to increasing social and political fragmentation and deepening stratification between established residents and new entrants. New entrants to the settlement reported being required to make payments to individuals and/or the committee in exchange for a site. As the settlement expanded a local rental market developed as established occupants rented out rooms or complete dwellings to incomers. Rental opportunities grew sharply after the government installed services in the settlement in 2000. Top down planning From its inception the N2 Gateway project was faced with criticism concerning the inadequate involvement of the Joe Slovo residents in the planning of the development. There were concerns about the lack of informed dialogue on the implications of the project design ( with its many changes ) for poor and marginal households. Government tended to engage in ‘consultation by committee’ rather than engaging more directly with residents in different zones. This calls into question the representivity, interests and effectiveness of the established committee structures and their ability to represent and communicate with 20,000 people. Over 7 N@ gateway media launch pack 5 | Page time two recognised committees 8developed within the settlement. However these were shadowed by a variety of informal networks and social structures whose voices were not heard. Political contestation As the timeline in Appendix 1 below highlights in more detail, theN2 Gateway project became something of a political football as the National Department of Housing, the Provincial Department of Housing and Local Government and the City of Cape Town argued about their respective roles and responsibilities, together with the feasibility and cost of the project.
Recommended publications
  • The Liesbeek River Valley
    \ UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN FACULTY OF EDUCATION THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF THE LIESBEEK RIVER VALLEY An investigation of the use of an Environmental History approach in ·historical research and in classroom practice A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of M.Ed in History Education \ -...... by JEAN ·BOTIARO MARCH 1996 ' f . , ,:.,- I'.! ' . t. c .-: . The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. This dissertation has two components, one History and one Education, and the central unifying theme is Environmental History. The History component examines the historiography of this sub-discipline, and then applies an environmental analysis as an example of its use in historical research. The second component explores the use of Environmental History in the teaching of school history, and presents a curriculum model which uses this approach. Both components use the Liesbeek River valley in the Cape Peninsula as a case-study. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I need to start off by thanking the person who provided the spark from which this dissertation grew: in June 1994, when I was rather desperately casting about for a research topic which would satisfy both the historical and education components of the course, Howard Phillips of the History Department at UCT mentioned the term "Environmental History".
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Town's Failure to Redistribute Land
    CITY LEASES CAPE TOWN’S FAILURE TO REDISTRIBUTE LAND This report focuses on one particular problem - leased land It is clear that in order to meet these obligations and transform and narrow interpretations of legislation are used to block the owned by the City of Cape Town which should be prioritised for our cities and our society, dense affordable housing must be built disposal of land below market rate. Capacity in the City is limited redistribution but instead is used in an inefficient, exclusive and on well-located public land close to infrastructure, services, and or non-existent and planned projects take many years to move unsustainable manner. How is this possible? Who is managing our opportunities. from feasibility to bricks in the ground. land and what is blocking its release? How can we change this and what is possible if we do? Despite this, most of the remaining well-located public land No wonder, in Cape Town, so little affordable housing has been owned by the City, Province, and National Government in Cape built in well-located areas like the inner city and surrounds since Hundreds of thousands of families in Cape Town are struggling Town continues to be captured by a wealthy minority, lies empty, the end of apartheid. It is time to review how the City of Cape to access land and decent affordable housing. The Constitution is or is underused given its potential. Town manages our public land and stop the renewal of bad leases. clear that the right to housing must be realised and that land must be redistributed on an equitable basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Liesbeeck-Black River Confluence Area: Land-Use Opportunities and Constraints
    LIESBEECK-BLACK RIVER CONFLUENCE AREA: LAND-USE OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS by JAN GERHARDUS BERGMAN University of Cape Town 1994 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town LIESBEECK-BLACK RIVER CONFLUENCE AREA: LAND-USE OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS Prepared by: Jan Gerhardus Bergman M.Phil. Student Department of Environmental and Geographical Science University of Cape Town Prepared for: The Department of Environmental and Geographical Science University of Cape Town 24 June 1994 Dissertation prepared and submitted in partial falfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science at the University of Cape Town. ' .... r ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following persons and organisations for their assistance during the writing of this dissertation: 1. Mr P .J. Holmes for all his time and effort in supervising the preparation of this dissertation. 2. My wife, Anne-Ghrett, for preparing the maps. 3. Van Wyk & Louw Inc. and the South African Breweries for their financial contribution toward the study. Jan Gerhardus Bergman Cape Town 1994 ii TERMS OF REFERENCE This study was initiated by Prof. R.F. Fuggle of UCT's Department of Environmental and Geographical Science on 3 January 1994. The brief of the study was to analyse the opportunities and constraints to development proffered by the environment in the Liesbeeck­ Black River confluence area.
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes of Meeting
    APPROVED MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF HERITAGE WESTERN CAPE (HWC), ARCHAEOLOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY AND METEORITES COMMITTEE (APM) Held on Thursday, 08 June 2017 at the 1st Floor Boardroom, Protea Assurance Building, Greenmarket Square, Cape Town 1. OPENING AND WELCOME The Chairperson, Dr Antonia Malan, officially opened the meeting at 09:15 and welcomed everyone present. 2. ATTENDANCE Members Members of Staff Dr Antonia Malan (AM) Mr Zwelibanzi Shiceka (ZS) Dr Jayson Orton (JO) Mr Jonathan Windvogel (JW) Ms Cecilene Muller (CM) Ms Waseefa Dhansay (WD) Dr Ragna Redelstorff (RR) Mr Andrew September (AS) Dr Lita Webley (LW) Ms Colette Scheermeyer (CS) Dr Steven Walker (SW) Ms Katherine Robinson (KR) Visitors None Observers None 3. APOLOGIES Mr John Gribble (JG) Dr Mariagrazia Galimberti (MG) 4. APPROVAL OF AGENDA The Committee resolved to approve the Agenda dated 8 June 2017 with additional items and minor amendments. 5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND MATTERS ARISING FROM PREVIOUS MEETING The Committee resolved to approve the Minutes dated 3 May 2017 with no amendments. 6. DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST JO recused himself from item 12.2. 7. CONFIDENTIAL MATTERS None 8. APPOINTMENTS 8 Jonathan Kaplan for item 20.2 at 10h30. Approved APM Minutes_8 June 2017 9. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS 9.1 Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) Cultural Heritage Survey Guidelines It was noted that: The South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) collated and sent comments to DEA expressing serious misgivings about the continued approval of the guidelines. HWC has no formal agreements in place with DEA or the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR). DECISION HWC is to write to SAHRA expressing their concerns, and supporting SAHRA’s attempt to redefine the guideline to an awareness and training programme for rangers.
    [Show full text]
  • Redevelopment of the River Club, Observatory, Cape Town Socioeconomic Specialist Study
    Redevelopment of the River Club, Observatory, Cape Town Socioeconomic Specialist Study Report Prepared for Liesbeek Leisure Properties Trust Report Number 478320/SE SRK Consulting: 478320 River Club Redevelopment Socioeconomic Study Page ii Redevelopment of the River Club, Observatory, Cape Town Socioeconomic Specialist Study Liesbeek Leisure Properties Trust SRK Consulting (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd The Administrative Building Albion Spring 183 Main Rd Rondebosch 7700 Cape Town South Africa e-mail: [email protected] website: www.srk.co.za Tel: +27 (0) 21 659 3060 Fax: +27 (0) 21 685 7105 SRK Project Number 478320 July 2019 Compiled by: Peer Reviewed by: Sue Reuther Chris Dalgliesh Principal Environmental Consultant Partner Email: [email protected] Authors: Sue Reuther REUT/DALC 478320_River Club_Socioeconomic study_July19_Final July 2019 SRK Consulting: 478320 River Club Redevelopment Socioeconomic Study Page iii Profile and Expertise of Specialists SRK Consulting (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd (SRK) has been appointed by the Liesbeek Leisure Properties Trust (LLPT or the proponent) to undertake the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process required in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA). SRK has conducted the Socioeconomic specialist study as part of the EIA process. SRK Consulting comprises over 1 300 professional staff worldwide, offering expertise in a wide range of environmental and engineering disciplines. SRK’s Cape Town environmental department has a distinguished track record of managing large environmental and engineering projects, extending back to 1979. SRK has rigorous quality assurance standards and is ISO 9001 accredited. As required by NEMA, the qualifications and experience of the key independent Environmental Assessment Practitioners (EAPs) undertaking the EIA are detailed below and Curriculum Vitae provided in Appendix A.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Dev Plan Southern Dist Technical
    Technical draft 1: SDP / EMF Southern District (H) - for comment and discussion only August 2009 1 Technical draft 1: SDP / EMF Southern District (H) - for comment and discussion only August 2009 2 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 LEGAL STATUS AND VALIDITY .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 KEY COMPONENTS OF THE DISTRICT SDP AND EMF ............................................................................................ 2 1.4 PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.5 STUDY AREA ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. DIRECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PLANNING INFORMANTS ............................................................................................ 5 2.2 METROPOLITAN AND DISTRICT PLANNING INFORMANTS .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The First Frontier: an Assessment of the Pre-Colonial and Proto-Historical Significance of the Two Rivers Urban Park Site, Cape Town, Western Cape Province
    The first frontier: An assessment of the pre-colonial and proto-historical significance of the Two Rivers Urban Park site, Cape Town, Western Cape Province. Prepared for: Atwell & Associates November 2015 Prepared by Liesbet Schietecatte Tim Hart ACO Associates Unit D17, Prime Park Mocke Rd Diep River 7800 Phone 0217064104 Fax 0866037195 [email protected] 1 Summary In the absence to date of physical evidence with respect to the archaeology of the Two River Urban Park Land’s early history, the general archaeology of pastoralism, environmental factors and primary sources are used to synthesis an understanding on the role this area played in the early history of the Cape. There were Khokhoi groups on the Cape Peninsula and Table Bay who made a living on the relatively limited resources that Peninsula had to offer, while there were more powerful groups to the north who occasionally came to Table Bay during the summer months. Due to the Peninsula’s unfavourable geology, its carrying capacity was limited. It was isolated by the sterile sands of the Cape Flats, however the Liesbeek and Black River valleys formed a verdant strip of good grazing land that stretched from the Salt River Mouth to Wynberg Hill. When Van Riebeek began to cultivate this land circa 1658, relations with the local Khoikhoi pastoralists took a turn for the worse. Tensions lead to the construction of a cattle control barrier formed in part by the eastern bank of the Liesbeek and the eastern border of freeburgher farms. In places a pole fence was built reinforced by cultivated hedges and thorn bush barricades, while a number of small forts and outposts kept watch over the movements of Khoikhoi.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Services and the Cape Town Urban Water Cycle
    WATER SERVICES AND THE CAPE TOWN URBAN WATER CYCLE August 2018 WATER SERVICES AND THE CAPE TOWN URBAN WATER CYCLE TABLE OF CONTENTS WATER SERVICES AND THE CAPE TOWN URBAN WATER CYCLE ...................................... 3 1. EVAPORATION ................................................................................................................ 5 2. CONDENSATION ............................................................................................................. 5 3. PRECIPITATION ............................................................................................................... 6 4. OUR CATCHMENT AREAS ............................................................................................. 7 5. CAPE TOWN’S DAMS ...................................................................................................... 9 6. WHAT IS GROUNDWATER? ......................................................................................... 17 7. SURFACE RUNOFFS ..................................................................................................... 18 8. CAPE TOWN’S WATER TREATMENT WORKS ............................................................ 19 9. CAPE TOWN’S RESERVOIRS ....................................................................................... 24 10. OUR RETICULATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................... 28 11. CONSUMERS ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sybrand Park Neighbourhood
    Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 Section 1: Description of the Sybrand Park neighbourhood ......................................................... 2 Section 2, part 1: Main Themes Emerging from Interviews Conducted in Sybrand Park ............ 4 Economic Issues and Changes .................................................................................................... 4 Change in economic activity .................................................................................................... 4 Services and Infrastructure Issues and Changes ........................................................................ 5 Drainage .................................................................................................................................. 5 Sewerage ................................................................................................................................. 5 Road maintenance and traffic congestion .............................................................................. 5 Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 5 Secondary Services .................................................................................................................. 6 Schools ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 4.4 Possible Impacts of Proposed River Club Development
    South African astronomical observatory: vegetation and conservation 4.4 Possible impacts of proposed River Club development on the renosterveld of the SAAO site Dr Liz Day’s report on the wetlands of the River Club (Day, 2015) says the following: “The Flood Report of Krige (2015) (in Day, 2015) suggests that infilling of the entire River Club site to the 1:50 year flood level would not affect flooding in adjacent properties. Subsequent discussions with Mr Krige clarified the fact that infilling of the floodline would have an (as yet) unquantified effect on floodplain capacity, resulting in likely more rapid inundation of areas below a specified floodline, during an event of such a magnitude (as a result of reduced storage capacity). It is assumed that, up to floods of a magnitude at which flows bypass the constricting Salt River bridge, described in Krige (2015), infilling of the floodplain would also result in increased inundation depth in areas that have not been infilled”. There would be no impacts on the dryland renosterveld vegetation at the SAAO site (the water levels would be constant). However, as articulated by Day (2015) there is possibility that certain wetlands would be more quickly inundated, along with an increase in inundation depth. This would likely affect the species composition of localised wetland habitats, where deeper water species such as Typha capensis bulrush are likely to invade at the expense of those species with a more ephemeral wetland character. By comparison, the artificial perennial inundation of the Kuils River wetlands has led to the decline and even loss of certain wetland species in the area (Ninham Shand, 1999; Low, 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Cbd Store List
    CBD Flat White - vida e caffè store list WESTERN CAPE Bayside 2 Shop E028, Bayside Mall, Cnr Otto Du Plessis Drive & Blaauwberg Road, Tableview Belvedere Square Shop 23, Belvedere Square Keurboom Rd & Belvedere Rd, Claremont, Cape Town Black River North Block C, Black River Park North, Fir Road, Observatory Black River South Ground Floor, Old Warehouse Building, Black River Park, 2 Fir Street, Observatory, Cape Town Camps Bay Shop 1, Isaacs Corner, 55 - 61 Victoria Road, Camps Bay Cape Gate Shop L13 Gape Cate Mall Cnr. Okavango Rd &, De Bron Rd, Cape Gate, Cape Town Cape Quarter Unit D05, Cape Quarter Square, 27 Somerset Road, Green Point, Cape Town Cape Town Airport Kiosk International Arrivals, Cape Town International Airport, Matroosfontein, Cape Town Capetown Airport Shop 10, Central Terminal Building, Cape Town International Airport,Matroosfontein, Cape Town Cavendish Connect Shop 22, Intaba Centre, Corwen Street Cavendish Square Cavendish Square, Shop L69, Adreyer Street, Claremont, Cape Town Colloseum Shop G41, The Colosseum , Colosseum St, Century City, Cape Town Constantia R0027c, The Constantia Village, Cnr Main & Spaanschemat Roads, Constantia, Cape Town Discovery Discovery Ct, Sable Park, Bridgeway Precinct, Century City, Cape Town Edward Street Shop 3a, Bloemhof Building, 112 Edward Street Belville Frits Dog Hotel 261 Bree Street, Cape Town, Cape Town City Centre, Cape Town Gardens Centre Shop 39, Gardens Shopping Centre, Corner Mill And Buitenkant Streets, Gardens Glengarry Brackenfell Shop 14, Glengarry Shopping Centre,
    [Show full text]
  • TWO RIVERS URBAN PARK May 2016 Contextual Informants
    In partnership with the City of Cape Town TWO RIVERS URBAN PARK May 2016 Contextual Informants Setting the Scene (2) Melanie Attwell Lucien Le Grange and Associates Architects and Urban Planners Hydrology 2 Floodlines (SRK Study, 2012) 3 Modelling of Flood Mitigation Options Flood modelling - model using updated LIDAR and new survey data Provisional findings are as follows: • The bottom of the Salt River canal at the first rail bridge is more than a meter higher than the bottom of the lower end of the Black River in the site. M5 crossing the Black River • The bottom of the site is below sea level (-0.7 to -0.8 m). • Salt River Canal is the bottle neck. The site is the backwater. Storage capacity within the site is therefore critical • Rail bridges along Salt River also constrain high volume flows • The N2 Settlers way functions as an obstacle for flood water in the beginning of the flood on the Black River side • If rain falls evenly over the catchment - Liesbeek floods earlier than the Black River • Redirecting the outflow from the WWTW’s will not help to solve flooding; amounts are less than 1% of 1:50 year floods. First rail bridge crossing Salt River 4 Modelling of Flood Mitigation Options Current weirs and bridges – subject of survey 5 Modelling of Flood Mitigation Options 3.5 3 In Ocean 2.5 2 Salt River survey 1.5 1 Salt river canal - rectangular outlet Level (m) Level 0.5 section 0 Black River Survey -0.5 Liesbeeck Survey -1 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 -1.5 Distance (m) River Channel Geometry 6 Environment 7 Water source, flows and quality River water sources from overland stormwater and WWTW’s Water flows: • Liesbeek comprised of seasonal and perennial streams • Black River was previously seasonal - now perennial system (WWTW’s) • Salt River does not allow tidal flushing – no estuary condition anymore Water quality is challenging due to size of Catchment.
    [Show full text]