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Empowered lives. Resilient nations. JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 REGIONAL DISPARITIES JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 Regional Disparities Jordan Human Development Report 2015: Regional Disparities Project Board Members Mukhallad Omari, Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Zena Ali Ahmad, UNDP-Jordan Mohammad Nabulsi, Economic and Social Council National Reviewers Mukhallad Omari, Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Basem Kanan, Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Diya Elfadel, UNDP-Jordan Zein Soufan, Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Orouba Al-Sabbagh, Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Raedah Frehat, Jordanian National Commission for Women Junnara Murad, Development and Employment Fund Ahmad Al-Qubelat, Department of Statistics Maisoon Amarneh, Jordan Economic and Social Council Osama Al-Salaheen, Ministry of Social Development Reem Al-Zaben, Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development Ali Al-Metleq, The Higher Population Council Laith Al-Qasem Abdelbaset Al-Thamnah, Department of Statistics JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 1 Jordan Human Development Report 2015: Regional Disparities International reviewers Selim Jahan, Director, Human Development Report Ofce Jon Hall, Policy Specialist, National Human Development Reports, UNDP Consultants Core Team of Writers Khalid W. Al-Wazani- Chief Researcher and Team Leader (Issnaad Consulting) Ahmad AL-Shoqran, Report Coordinator (Issnaad Consulting) Ibrahim Aljazy Alaa Bashaireh Other Participating Experts Fawaz Al-Momani Abdallah Ababneh Abdelbaset Al-Thamnah Fairouz Aldahmour Mohammad Bani Salameh Naser Abu Zayton Hani Kurdi Mohammad Nassrat Salma Nims Survey Team Naser Abu Zayton Taqwah Saleh Ebtisam Abdullah Issnaad Consulting Management advisory services Ahmad Hindawi Lara Khozouz Lana Mattar Taqwah Saleh 2 JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 Jordan Human Development Report 2015: Regional Disparities Jordan Human Development Report 2015: Regional Disparities No. No. International reviewers Event Participants Organizations Selim Jahan, Director, Human Development Report Ofce Workshops Jon Hall, Policy Specialist, National Human Development Reports, UNDP Workshop on education and youth indicators at the provincial level, with a focus on Irbid province (Irbid) 25 10 Consultants Workshop on health issues at the provincial level, with a focus on Irbid 21 12 province (Irbid) Core Team of Writers Workshop on women's issues at the provincial level, with a focus on Irbid 20 13 province (Irbid) Khalid W. Al-Wazani- Chief Researcher and Team Workshop on poverty and unemployment at the provincial level, with a 18 12 Leader (Issnaad Consulting) focus on Irbid province (Irbid) Ahmad AL-Shoqran, Report Coordinator (Issnaad Workshop on good governance, anti-corruption, the judicial system, 27 8 decentralization, and citizen participation (Irbid) Consulting) Workshop on education and youth indicators at the provincial level, with a 30 15 Ibrahim Aljazy focus on the capital province (Amman) Alaa Bashaireh Workshop on health issues at the provincial level, with a focus on the 22 13 capital province (Amman) Other Participating Experts Workshop on women's issues at the provincial level, with a focus on the 25 12 capital province (Amman) Fawaz Al-Momani Abdallah Ababneh Workshop on poverty and unemployment at the provincial level, with a 27 15 Abdelbaset Al-Thamnah Fairouz Aldahmour focus on the capital province (Amman) Workshop on good governance, anti-corruption, the judicial system, 27 15 Mohammad Bani Salameh Naser Abu Zayton decentralization, and citizen participation (Amman) Hani Kurdi Mohammad Nassrat Workshop on human rights and the rule of law at the country level, with a 24 5 focus on Ma'an province (Ma'an) Salma Nims Workshop on education and youth indicators at the provincial level, with a focus on Ma'an province (Ma'an) 23 4 Survey Team Workshop on health issues at the provincial level, with a focus on the 24 5 Ma'an province (Ma'an) Naser Abu Zayton Taqwah Saleh Workshop on women's issues at the provincial level, with a focus on the 25 7 Ebtisam Abdullah Ma'an province (Ma'an) Workshop on poverty and unemployment at the provincial level, with a Issnaad Consulting Management advisory services focus on Ma'an province (Ma'an) 25 6 Ahmad Hindawi Lara Khozouz Interviews Lana Mattar Mounther Al- Sharé - President of Economic and Social Council Taqwah Saleh Mosa Brezat- Head of National Centre for Human Rights Haifa Al-Najar- A member of Senate House Mazen Odeh- Secretary General/ Economic and Social Council Sawsan Al-Majali- Head of The Higher Population Council JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 3 Table of Content Acronyms 11 Chapter One: Human Development Trends in Jordan 13 Introduction 15 Jordan’s HDI in a Regional Context 16 Large Disparities in Human Development Across Governorates 20 Inequality Limits Human Development Progress 24 Gender Dimensions of Human Development: The Gender Inequality Index 26 Gender Dimensions of Human Development: The Gender Development Index 27 The Multidimensional Poverty Index 29 Declining Poverty but Gaps Still Evident 30 Deep Poverty Pockets Are Still Present Across Governorates 34 Signifcant Improvements in Gender Disparities, But Gaps Remain 36 Disparities Across Governorates and Regions is a Threat to Progress 37 The Syrian Refugee Crisis has Aggravated Regional Disparities 40 In Conclusion: Much Progress, But Still a Long Way to Go 43 Remainder of the Report 44 Chapter Two: Education 45 Introduction 47 Jordan’s Educational Infrastructure 47 Jordan’s Education System 49 Knowledge-Based Education in Jordan 54 Educational and Regional Disparities 57 Public-Private Partnerships in Education: Funding Quality, and Disparities 60 4 JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 Chapter Three : Health 63 Introduction 65 Public-Private Partnerships in Health Services: Funding, Quality, and Disparities 68 Health Care and Human Development: Youth and Gender Dimensions 70 Regional Health Disparities in Jordan 71 Chapter Four: Employment and Livelihood 77 Introduction 79 The Role of MSMEs in Employment and Livelihood 81 Women’s Participation and Employment 84 Employment, Livelihood and Regional Disparities 86 Chapter Five: Youth 91 Introduction 93 Distribution of the Population by Age and Gender 93 Distribution of the Population by Age and Educational Level 94 Distribution of Youth (15-24 years old) by Educational Level and Region 96 Distribution of Jordanian Youth by Educational Level and Governorate 98 Distribution of Jordanian Youth by Educational Level and Economic Activity 102 Distribution of Working Youth Population by Educational Level and Specialization 103 Distribution of Youth by Educational Level and Geographical Location 106 Enabling Jordanian Youth to Participate in the Economic, Social, and Political Life 108 Youth and Poverty 110 Chapter Six: Women and Disparities 113 Introduction 115 Women in the Labor Market 115 Women in the Labor Market: Formal and Informal Discrimination 116 Women in a Socio-Economic and Political Context 119 Women and Regional Disparities 124 JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 5 Chapter Seven: The Justice System and State Capacity 129 Introduction 131 The Judicial System: Independence and Transparency 131 Settling Disputes in Jordan 132 Description of the Judicial Authority’s Institutional Framework 134 Judicial Council 138 Courts in Jordan 138 Constitutional Court 142 Human Rights 142 Opportunities in Relation to the Judicial Authority’s Legislative and Institutional Framework 145 State Involvement 146 The Stability of Law 147 Access to Justice 147 Chapter Eight: Good Governance, Decentralization, and Participation 149 Introduction 151 Good Governance in Jordan: The International Context 151 Good Governance, Decentralization, Transparency, and Participation 155 Chapter Nine: Conclusions and Policy recommendations 159 Conclusions 161 Recommendations 164 Annexes 167 Annex (1) Chapter Nine Tabels 168 Annex (2) Survey Questionnaire 170 References 173 6 JORDAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 Tables Table (1-1): Table 1.1. HDI Values for Arab States, 2013 and 2014 17 Table (1-2): Jordan’s HDI dimensions in relation to other Arab States in the high human development group 18 Table (1-3): Jordan’s HDI and its Components, 1980-2014 19 Table (1-4): Life Expectancy Index by Governorate, 2014 22 Table (1-5): Income Index by Governorate, 2014 23 Table (1-6): Education Index by Governorate, 2014 23 Table (1-7): Governorate, 2014 24 Table (1-8): Jordan’s IHDI, 2013 and 2014 25 Table (1-9): Jordan’s GII and those of selected countries and groups, 2013 and 2014 26 Table (1-10): The GDI and its components: Jordan and selected countries and groups 28 Table (1-11): Multidimensional Poverty in Jordan, 2009 and 2012 30 Table (1-12): Annual Value of Abject, Non-food and Absolute Poverty Lines 2010 (JD) 30 Table (1-13): Poverty Rates by Governorate 31 Table (1-14): Poverty Rates in Districts and Poor Sub-Districts 35 Table (1-15): Population distribution and density by governorate, 2013 38 Table (1-16): Some characteristics of Syrian refugees and residents in Jordan (as of early 2014) 41 Table (1-17): Syrian Refugees: Distribution by location (as of early 2014) 42 Table (1-18): Syrian Refugees: Relative distribution by location 42 Table (2-1): Distribution of schools by authority and gender in Jordan, 2012-2013 48 Table (2-2): Distribution of schools by authority, education cycle and gender in Jordan, 2012-2013 48 Table (2-3): Distribution of class units
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