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Media-Watch-On-Hate-Speech-May Media Watch on Hate Speech Report May - August 2015 Hrant Dink Foundation Anarad Hığutyun Binası Papa Roncalli Sk. No: 128 Harbiye 34373 Şişli İstanbul tel: 0212 240 33 61 fax: 0212 240 33 94 e-mail: [email protected] www.hrantdink.org www.nefretsoylemi.org Media Watch on Hate Speech Project Team Zeynep Arslan Pınar Ensari Ezgi Kan Funda Tekin Analyst İdil Engindeniz Şahan Translator Cansen Mavituna Media Watch on Hate Speech Project is funded by Friedrich Naumann Foundation and MyMedia/Niras. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the funders. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT MONITORING HATE SPEECH IN THE MEDIA 1 MONITORING HATE SPEECH IN NATIONAL AND LOCAL NEWSPAPERS IN TURKEY 2 HATE SPEECH IN PRINT MEDIA 5 FINDINGS 6 NEWS ITEMS SELECTED DURING THE PERIOD BETWEEN MAY AND AUGUST 2015 21 EXAMPLES FROM CATEGORIES 54 1) SWEARING / INSULT / DENIGRATION A CENTURY-OLD EVENTS - Cüneyt Aybey 54 TURKISH SLAP TO LYING ARMENIAN - Yeni Akit 56 WHO USES WHOM IN MIDDLE EAST… - Necdet Buluz 57 ITALIANS WENT NUTS - Vahdet 58 ANZAC TREACHERY! - Vahdet 59 2) ENMITY / WAR DISCOURSE ‘TURKISH NATION DID WHAT WAS NECESSARY AT THE TIME’ -1 - Fuat Yılmazer 60 TENSION OVER SYRIANS IN BAŞAKŞEHIR - Müslim Sarıyar 61 SINGLE SYRIANS RIOT - Damla Güler 63 3) EXAGGERATION / ATTRIBUTION / DISTORTION BE GRATEFUL TO THIS REPUBLIC FOUNDED BY ATATÜRK! / DIVERSITY IN THE PARLIAMENT IS THE GIFT OF THE REPUBLIC - Sözcü 65 NO END OF CATCHING THEM - Ortadoğu 67 CHURCHES TO BE BUILT ON TURKISH TERRITORY - Yeni Mesaj 69 OTHER DISADVANTAGED GROUPS 71 EXAMPLES BY CATEGORIES 80 1) ENMITY / WAR DISCOURSE NUDITY AND BEING COVERING - Mehmet Şevket Eygi 80 HOMOSEXUALITY IS PERVERSION - Milli Gazete 82 AS IF PEOPLE OF LOT RESURRECTED AND CAME TO TAKSIM! - Hasan Karakaya 84 2) EXAGGERATION / ATTRIBUTION / DISTORTION FREEDOMS AND REVERSE FREEDOMS - Doğu Perinçek 86 OVERCOMING THE HONOR BY FIGHTING SIDE BY SIDE! - Mustafa Özcan 88 3) SWEARING / INSULT / DENIGRATION HE WAS SELAHADDIN, THIS ONE IS SALAHATTIN - Eyüphan Kaya 90 BE SPOILED FIRST! - Şok 92 BE A WOMAN AND SHUT UP! - Sefer Aşır Erarslan 94 Media Watch on Hate Speech: May - August 2015 MEDYADA NEFRET SÖYLEMİNİN İZLENMESİ HAKKINDA In Turkey, we frequently witness the use of biased, prejudiced and discriminatory language in the media. The provocative, racist and discriminatory language commonly used by the media – particularly in the headlines and news titles– is an instrument that entrenches stereotypes and incites hatred and discrimination in the society. Although there are universal and national principles of journalism and even some media outlets with their own code of ethics, many news contents violate these principles. With the use of such language, unrest and common prejudice against vulnerable groups take root in the society. Targeted individuals and groups become restless and silent and are forced to give up their right to participate in social and political life, which is indispensable in a democracy. Use of provocative and stigmatizing language sometimes lead to attacks against the members or gathering places of the groups that have been marginalized or portrayed as enemies. Prejudice, racism, xenophobia, partiality, discrimination, sexism, and homophobia lie at the bottom of hate speech. Factors such as cultural identities and group characteristics induce the use of hate speech; yet certain circumstances such as rising nationalism or intolerance of the different further increase the frequency and impact of hate speech. Recently, Turkey has been witnessing polarization between various sections of the society for various reasons, and intolerance against difference or the “other” is becoming increasingly more common. The decades-long conflicts in Southeast Anatolia, the sudden demographic changes caused by forced displacement of people due to conflicts, along with economic, social and cultural conflicts have all played a part in the escalation of tension between communities. Furthermore, presenting democratization efforts such as the initiatives regarding minority rights and dialogue between religions, or the discussions on the Cyprus issue as “foreign powers’ plots against Turkey” also nurture polarization and enmity. Besides, as a result of the developments in the Middle East, discussions concerning the Kurdish and Armenian questions and the peace negotiations that have currently been on the agenda, the people and institutions that have suggestions to resolve these issues have been targeted and certain ethnic groups are portrayed as enemies. Generated by particular publications with opposing views, such discourse paves the way for an atmosphere of conflict. Finally, to provide a recent example, the way the Taksim Gezi Park protests were covered in newspapers is important, since it reveals how media can intensify polarization in the society. Due to the frequent use of discriminatory language in media, the manifestation of hostile feelings and attitudes against different groups and individuals, who are known or assumed to be the members of such groups, has become an important and ever-growing problem in Turkey. Even the opinion leaders such as government officials, opposition leaders and public servants use such racist and discriminatory language without any hesitation For instance, during Gezi Park protests, several government officials often made statements claiming that foreign powers and the “interest rate lobby” organized the protests and this claim caused certain groups, particularly Jews, to be targeted. This situation is going on in a way that deepens the division of Turks and Kurds in line with the conflicts in the eastern and southeastern regions of the country in recent months. The media (press-broadcast), often referred as the fourth estate, is one of the most effective means for communicating culture. Therefore, insofar as it has the power to emphasize diversity and 1 Media Watch on Hate Speech: May - August 2015 difference, it can also be extremely directing and influential in spreading and banalizing a conflict. If the media behaves irresponsibly and carelessly, it could very easily trigger, nurture and deepen racism and hatred between people, and worst of all, it can legitimize and justify such attitudes. For many years, the media in Turkey has been one of the active sources of nationalist and discriminatory discourse. Such media practices have substantially contributed to the polarization in the society. When we examine some of the hate crimes that took place in recent years, the influence of the media becomes easier to understand. Yasin Hayal, who is still tried as the instigator of the murder of Hrant Dink, said in his statement that “He did not know Hrant Dink personally, but had read in newspapers that he was an enemy of the Turks.” The person who was accused of attacking the priest of St. Sophia Church in Izmir on December 2007 stated that he carried out the attack to become a hero like Ogün Samast. One of the main objectives of the Hrant Dink Foundation, which was founded after the murder of Hrant Dink with the purpose of carrying on his dreams, ideals and struggle, is to contribute to ending polarization and enmity in the society. MONITORING HATE SPEECH IN NATIONAL AND LOCAL NEWSPAPERS IN TURKEY Aim and scope of the study The general purpose of the ‘Media Watch on Hate Speech’ study is to contribute to efforts of combating racism, discrimination and intolerance in Turkey. Considering the importance of civilian oversight on the media, the specific goal of this study is to strengthen respect for human rights and differences in the media, which is one of the most important means for producing and reproducing racism, discrimination and othering, draw attention to discriminatory language and hate speech against targeted people and groups on the basis of the certain characteristics of their identity, and thereby raise awareness. In the long run, the study aims to support non-governmental organizations in combating hate speech and enhancing media watch skills, and also to work together systematically in order to ensure that the media respects social and cultural diversity and upholds equality in its language and methods. As part of the ‘Media Watch on Hate Speech’ study carried out by the Foundation in order to achieve these goals, the national and local press are scanned, news reports and columns that feature discriminatory, alienating and targeting discourse are determined, analyzed and brought to public attention through reports and www.nefretsoylemi.org website. The content published on the project’s website is also shared on Facebook1 and Twitter2. The report is sent to non-governmental 1 https://www.facebook.com/medyadanefretsoylemi 2 https://twitter.com/NefretSoylemi 2 Media Watch on Hate Speech: May - August 2015 organizations, media outlets, occupational organizations of the media, and also published on our website. Apart from monitoring newspapers, the project aims to raise awareness of hate speech by organizing research meetings, conferences, seminars and trainings with NGO representatives, jurists, academics, occupational organizations and journalists. Therefore, international panel discussions are held and meetings on hate speech are organized at universities to facilitate the discussion of project’s findings in order to inform people about the concept of “hate speech”, to provide opportunities for discussing the possible ways and methods for combating discriminatory and racist discourse, and to encourage media to use a more conscious and respectful
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