DOCSLIB.ORG

Turkey COI Compilation 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Turkey COI Compilation 2020 Turkey: COI Compilation August 2020 BEREICH | EVENTL. ABTEILUNG | WWW.ROTESKREUZ.AT ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Turkey: COI Compilation August 2020 The information in this report is up to date as of 30 April 2020, unless otherwise stated. This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared within a specified time frame on the basis of publicly available documents as well as information provided by experts. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations.................................................................................................................... 5 1 Background information ..................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Geographical information ................................................................................................ 7 1.1.1 Map of Turkey .......................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Ethnic makeup .......................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Brief overview of political institutions ........................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Executive branch .................................................................................................... 12 1.2.2 Legislative branch ................................................................................................... 16 1.2.3 Judicial branch ........................................................................................................ 20 2 Political actors................................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Justice and Development Party (AKP) ............................................................................ 24 2.1.1 President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ............................................................................ 27 2.2 Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) .............................................................................. 30 2.3 Republican People’s Party (CHP) ................................................................................... 31 2.4 People’s Democratic Party (HDP) .................................................................................. 32 2.4.1 Alleged association with PKK .................................................................................. 33 2.5 The Good Party (İyi Parti) ............................................................................................... 34 2.6 Other political parties .................................................................................................... 35 2.6.1 Felicity Party (SP) .................................................................................................... 35 2.6.2 Future Party (GP) and Democracy and Progress Party (DEVA) ............................... 36 2.7 Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK) ..................................................................................... 37 3 Political background ......................................................................................................... 39 3.1 Coup d’etat attempt 2016 ............................................................................................. 39 3.1.1 Developments during the coup attempt ................................................................ 39 3.1.2 Immediate aftermath ............................................................................................. 41 3.1.3 Purge of government and civil service in the immediate aftermath of the coup attempt ............................................................................................................................. 44 3.2 State of emergency ........................................................................................................ 47 3.2.1 Use of emergency decrees ..................................................................................... 47 3.2.2 Criticism of state of emergency .............................................................................. 54 3.3 Legislative changes ........................................................................................................ 56 3.3.1 Anti-terror legislation ............................................................................................. 56 3.3.2 Constitutional referendum ..................................................................................... 63 3.4 Changes in civil service structures ................................................................................. 66 3.4.1 Judiciary and legal system ...................................................................................... 66 3.4.2 Educational system................................................................................................. 72 3.4.3 Military, police and intelligence services ................................................................ 76 4 Major political developments from January 2018 to April 2020 ...................................... 82 4.1 Continued purges .......................................................................................................... 82 4.1.1 Military ................................................................................................................... 83 4.1.2 Police ...................................................................................................................... 84 4.1.3 Judicial system ........................................................................................................ 85 2 4.1.4 Educational system................................................................................................. 87 4.1.5 Media/Journalists ................................................................................................... 88 4.1.6 Political officials ...................................................................................................... 92 4.1.7 Kurdish-affiliated politicians and organisations ...................................................... 94 4.1.8 Other state employees ........................................................................................... 98 4.2 Consolidation of power ................................................................................................. 99 4.3 Relationship with international actors ......................................................................... 102 4.4 Internal security situation ............................................................................................ 106 4.4.1 Conflict with the PKK ............................................................................................ 111 4.4.2 Security incidents involving the DHKP/C .............................................................. 115 4.4.3 Security incidents involving the Islamic State (IS)................................................. 116 4.4.4 Security incidents involving the PYD/YPG ............................................................. 117 5 Offensive in Syria (“Operation Peace Spring”, OPS) ....................................................... 118 5.1 Objectives of operation ............................................................................................... 119 5.2 Course of events .......................................................................................................... 121 5.3 Criticism of the offensive ............................................................................................. 123 5.4 Casualties ..................................................................................................................... 125 5.5 Displacement ............................................................................................................... 125 5.6 Situation in the first half of 2020 ................................................................................. 127 6 Rule of law/Administration of justice ............................................................................. 130 6.1 Access to justice........................................................................................................... 130 6.1.1 Legal representation ............................................................................................ 131 6.1.2 Criminal justice system ......................................................................................... 134 6.1.3 Due process .........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
    Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol.
    [Show full text]
  • PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 11, Issue 5
    ISSN 2334-3745 Volume V, Issue 5 October 2017 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 11, Issue 5 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors......................................................................................................1 Articles Countering Violent Extremism in Prisons: A Review of Key Recent Research and Critical Research Gaps.........................................................................................................................2 by Andrew Silke and Tinka Veldhuis The New Crusaders: Contemporary Extreme Right Symbolism and Rhetoric..................12 by Ariel Koch Exploring the Continuum of Lethality: Militant Islamists’ Targeting Preferences in Europe....................................................................................................................................24 by Cato Hemmingby Research Notes On and Off the Radar: Tactical and Strategic Responses to Screening Known Potential Terrorist Attackers................................................................................................................41 by Thomas Quiggin Resources Terrorism Bookshelf.............................................................................................................50 Capsule Reviews by Joshua Sinai Bibliography: Terrorist Organizations: Cells, Networks, Affiliations, Splits......................67 Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes Bibliography: Life Cycles of Terrorism..............................................................................107 Compiled and selected by Judith
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdish Political and Civil Movements in Syria and the Question of Representation Dr Mohamad Hasan December 2020
    Kurdish Political and Civil Movements in Syria and the Question of Representation Dr Mohamad Hasan December 2020 KurdishLegitimacy Political and and Citizenship Civil Movements in inthe Syria Arab World This publication is also available in Arabic under the title: ُ ف الحركات السياسية والمدنية الكردية ي� سوريا وإشكالية التمثيل This publication was made possible by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the author. For questions and communication please email: [email protected] Cover photo: A group of Syrian Kurds celebrate Newroz 2007 in Afrin, source: www.tirejafrin.com The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). This document is issued on the understanding that if any extract is used, the author and the LSE Conflict Research Programme should be credited, with the name and date of the publication. All rights reserved © LSE 2020. About Legitimacy and Citizenship in the Arab World Legitimacy and Citizenship in the Arab World is a project within the Civil Society and Conflict Research Unit at the London School of Economics. The project looks into the gap in understanding legitimacy between external policy-makers, who are more likely to hold a procedural notion of legitimacy, and local citizens who have a more substantive conception, based on their lived experiences. Moreover, external policymakers often assume that conflicts in the Arab world are caused by deep- seated divisions usually expressed in terms of exclusive identities.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Tigris Bismil Agricultural Plain's Groundwater Static Water Level
    International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 6, Issue 2 (February 2017), PP.01-06 Determination of Tigris Bismil Agricultural Plain’s Groundwater Static Water Level (SWL) Changes Caused by Irrigation Using GIS Technic. Recep Çelik* *Department Of Civil Engineering, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey; ABSTRACT: The unconscious use of groundwater in agricultural irrigation threatens the potential and level of groundwater. So it is imperative to follow the groundwater Static Water Level (SWL) change in places where watering with the groundwater is made. The reason for the study area Bismil is that Bismil district of Diyarbakir entirely on agriculture and animal husbandry in the Upper Tigris Basin. Tigris River goes through the middle of the Bismil plain. There are two kinds of agricultural irrigation takes place in this region. The first, on the edge of the river Tigris fields during irrigation pumping from River. In the latter the field which far areas from river are provided from groundwater by wells more than last 15 years. However, consumption of more than feeding to bring this situation poses a threat for the groundwater. For this reason, the region's groundwater changes are studied with the data of water well the years between 1996 and 2011. Arc Info 10.2.1 programme Spatial Analysed Extension used as GIS technic. Keyword: Groundwater, GIS, Agricultural area, Upper Tigris Basin I. INTRODUCTION The importance of groundwater increases gradually as an alternative water source at the world. Due to the increasing in the population and demand for drinking water, and the increased use of water for agriculture, in addition, different threats of pollution for water resources, reduces the amount of water per capita.In addition to the climatic changes caused by irregular rainfall regimes and some years of drought, especially in semi-arid regions indicates serious problemsarising in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Mediterranean in Uncharted Waters
    EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN IN UNCHARTED WATERS EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN IN UNCHARTED WATERS Perspectives on Emerging Geopolitical Realities Perspectives on Emerging Geopolitical Realities Perspectives ISBN: 978-605-4679-18-8 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN IN UNCHARTED WATERS Perspectives on Emerging Geopolitical Realities Edited by Prof. Michaël Tanchum Published by Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. All rights reserved. This publication reflects the views of the authors only which had the freedom to choose any terminology they wanted to express their free opinion. Konrad–Adenauer–Stiftung Derneği Türkiye Temsilciliği Ahmet Rasim Sokak No: 27 06690 Çankaya-Ankara/TÜRKİYE Tel. : +90 312 440 40 80 Faks : +90 312 440 32 48 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.kas.de/tuerkei ISBN : 978-605-4679-18-8 Designed & Printed by: OFSET FOTOMAT +90 312 395 37 38 Ankara, 2021 5 | Preface Walter Glos 7 | Introduction Ercan Çitlioğlu 11 | The Geopolitics Of The Eastern Mediterranean Crisis: A Regional System Perspective on the Mediterranean’s New Great Game Michaël Tanchum 27 | TRNC-RoC Cooperation: A Critical Missing Piece for Eastern Mediterranean Stability Mustafa Çıraklı 38 | The Eastern Mediterranean as an Emerging Crisis Zone: Greece and Cyprus in a Volatile Regional Environment Ioannis N. Grigoriadis 47 | Turkey in an Increasingly Complex Eastern Mediterranean: How Turkey Can Defend its Interests and Alleviate its Isolation in the Region Yelda Ongun 59 | Escalating Complexity in Libya’s Ongoing Conflict Mohamed Eljarh 69 | Egypt’s Energy
    [Show full text]
  • The Kurdish Movement: Politicians and Fighters
    March 31, 2016 The Kurdish Movement: Politicians and Fighters Since July 2015, when the conflict between Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)–a Kurdish militant group designated as a terrorist organization by Turkey as well as the United States–resumed after a period of intermittent ceasefires and a series of abortive peace efforts, the division between the two separate wings of the Kurdish movement in Turkey, the political Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) and the militant PKK, has become more distinct. Despite President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s assertion in May 2015 that the HDP was “ruled by the mountain”-a reference to the leadership of the PKK-and had “no will [of its own],” the HDP has in fact diverged from the PKK on many occasions. For its part, the PKK has also highlighted its differences with the HDP both through word and action. Consequently, along with the imprisoned PKK founder and leader Abdullah Ocalan, who has a unique role fluctuating between fighter and politician, the PKK commanders and the HDP are the three poles of the Kurdish movement and share a symbiotic but competing tripartite relationship. Origins of the Modern Kurdish Problem When the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist after the First World War, the Turkish Republic, its nation state inheritor, effectively found itself as a binational state. Although there were other minorities in Turkey, their numbers were minuscule compared to Kurds. The new republic had a core project to build a novel polity based on the uniqueness of the Turkish language, culture and history, a foundational principle that remains as a constitutional axiom in the Turkish system, in sharp contrast to the multi-ethnic, polyglot Empire that preceded it.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aquatic Insects in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, with New Records
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 102-112 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1512-56 Spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic insects in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, with new records Fatma ÇETİNKAYA, Aysel BEKLEYEN* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey Received: 21.12.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 01.06.2016 Final Version: 25.01.2017 Abstract: We investigated insects of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin in terms of their composition and spatiotemporal distribution. Larvae, pupae, pupal exuviae, and nymphs of insects were obtained from samples collected by a plankton net monthly during a 1-year period in 2008 and 2009 at seven different sites of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin. A total of 35 taxa from the orders Trichoptera (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (3 taxa), and Diptera (31 taxa) were identified. Chironomidae (Diptera) was the most diverse group and was represented by three major subfamilies, namely Tanypodinae (2 taxa), Orthocladiinae (19 taxa), and Chironominae (7 taxa). Among these species, Nanocladius (Nanocladius) spiniplenus Saether, 1977 is a new record for Turkey as well as for western Asia. In addition, the Psychomyia larvae found for the first time in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin (Turkey) were described. Both taxa have been illustrated to warrant validation. Taxa number varied spatially from 6 to 14 and temporally from 2 to 12 during the sampling period. Along the river, Cricotopus bicinctus and Orthocladius (S.) holsatus were the most common taxa. Key words: Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Insecta, Dicle (Tigris) River 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
    Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Annual Report Annual 2019
    a force for good. 2019 ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL 2019 1, cours Ferdinand de Lesseps 92851 Rueil Malmaison Cedex – France Tel.: +33 1 47 16 35 00 Fax: +33 1 47 51 91 02 www.vinci.com VINCI.Group 2019 ANNUAL REPORT VINCI @VINCI CONTENTS 1 P r o l e 2 Album 10 Interview with the Chairman and CEO 12 Corporate governance 14 Direction and strategy 18 Stock market and shareholder base 22 Sustainable development 32 CONCESSIONS 34 VINCI Autoroutes 48 VINCI Airports 62 Other concessions 64 – VINCI Highways 68 – VINCI Railways 70 – VINCI Stadium 72 CONTRACTING 74 VINCI Energies 88 Eurovia 102 VINCI Construction 118 VINCI Immobilier 121 GENERAL & FINANCIAL ELEMENTS 122 Report of the Board of Directors 270 Report of the Lead Director and the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors 272 Consolidated nancial statements This universal registration document was filed on 2 March 2020 with the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF, the French securities regulator), as competent authority 349 Parent company nancial statements under Regulation (EU) 2017/1129, without prior approval pursuant to Article 9 of the 367 Special report of the Statutory Auditors on said regulation. The universal registration document may be used for the purposes of an offer to the regulated agreements public of securities or the admission of securities to trading on a regulated market if accompanied by a prospectus or securities note as well as a summary of all 368 Persons responsible for the universal registration document amendments, if any, made to the universal registration document. The set of documents thus formed is approved by the AMF in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.
    [Show full text]
  • Mehmet Yuksel the Representative to The
    MEHMET YUKSEL THE REPRESENTATIVE TO THE UNITED STATES OFFICE PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC PARTY (HDP) IN TURKEY. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE, EURASIA, AND EMERGING THREATS HEARING: “TURKEY’S DEMOCRACY UNDER CHALLENGE” APRIL 5, 2017 Dear Honorable Chairman Dana Rohrabacher and distinguished members of the House Subcommittee, It is an honor for me to testify today on a crucial development in Turkey. I would like to discuss a few major threats to democracy and rule of law in Turkey. The constitutional amendments that are proposed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the ruling AK Party projects an authoritarian system of governance, whereby absolute power is held by a single person. Even though the proposed constitutional amendments have not been legally accepted, the amendments have been implemented and practiced under the State of Emergency Rule. Let me enlist several indications of this extralegal, single-person rule: Since the failed coup attempt in July 2016, the immunity of 55 out of 59 HDP law makers has been removed. Following this, 11 HDP deputies have been arrested, including the Co-Chair Selahattin Demirtas and Co-Chair Figen Yüksekdag. The freedom of speech that democracy supports and Turkey’s Constitution guarantees is the basic allegation against Co-Chair Demirtas for what he is subjected to over 500 years of detention. Between July 22, 2015, and March, 27 2017, 8,930 HDP members were detained; and 2782 party members have been imprisoned. 494 HDP offices have been attacked; burned or vandalized, including the party headquarters. HDP rallies were attacked and law enforcement’s support for these attacks have been widely documented, even on social media.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Turkish Politics Spring 2018 Türkiye'de Siyasetin
    European Union This project is co-funded by the European Union, Norwegian MFA, and Irish Aid / Bu proje Avrupa Birliği, Norveç Dışişleri Bakanlığı, ve Irlanda Yardım tarafından ortaklaşa finanse edilmektedir A Survey of Turkish Politics Spring 2018 Türkiye’de Siyasetin Topografyası Bahar 2018 Ali Bayramoğlu May/Mayıs 2018 This project is co-funded by the European Union, Norwegian MFA, and Irish Aid / Bu proje Avrupa Birliği, Norveç Dışişleri Bakanlığı, ve Irlanda Yardım tarafından ortaklaşa finanse edilmektedir European Union This project is co-funded by the European Union, Norwegian MFA, and Irish Aid / Bu proje Avrupa Birliği, Norveç Dışişleri Bakanlığı, ve Irlanda Yardım tarafından ortaklaşa finanse edilmektedir A Survey of Turkish Politics Spring 2018 Türkiye’de Siyasetin Topografyası Bahar 2018 Ali Bayramoğlu May/Mayıs 2018 3 Published by / Yayınlayan Democratic Progress Institute – Demokratik Gelişim Enstitüsü 11 Guilford Street London WC1N 1DH www.democraticprogress.org [email protected] + 44 (0) 20 7405 3835 First published / İlk Baskı, 2018 ISBN - 978-1-911205-22-7 © DPI – Democratic Progress Institute / Demokratik Gelişim Enstitüsü DPI – Democratic Progress Institute is a charity registered in England and Wales. Registered Charity No. 1037236. Registered Company No. 2922108 DPI – Demokratik Gelişim Enstitüsü İngiltere ve galler’de kayıtlı bir vakıftır. Vakıf kayıt No. 1037236. Kayıtlı Şirket No. 2922108 This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee or prior permission for teaching purposes, but not for resale. For copying in any other circumstances, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher, and a fee may be payable. Bu yayının telif hakları saklıdır, eğitim amacıyla telif ödenmeksizin yada önceden izin alınmaksızın çoğaltılabilir ancak yeniden satılamaz.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Notes July 2021
    THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY JULY 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 108 Deals, Drones, and National Will The New Era in Turkish Power Projection Rich Outzen he Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) attracted much attention in 2020 for its devastating employment of unmanned aerial vehicles during combat in TSyria, Libya, and the Caucasus. UAVs (drones) were just one dimension of Turkish regional interventions, but they were particularly potent symbols in an age of ubiquitous cameras and Internet connections.1 A number of analysts have assessed the tactical and operational impact of Turkish drones.2 Yet the Turkish drone program is just part of a revamped national approach to power Photo: Yasin Bulbul/ projection in neighboring regions—an approach with economic, diplomatic, Presidential Palace/Handout strategic, and reputational effects, as well as implications on the battlefield. via REUTERS An expanded network of Turkish military agreements and overseas basing, the maturation of partner and proxy relationships, the expansion of the defense industry beyond UAVs, military doctrine to integrate new sensors RICH OUTZEN DEALS, DRONES, AND NATIONAL WILL and weapons, and—perhaps most critically—the development of risk-tolerant political will in foreign Abbreviations affairs have enabled Turkey to become a formidable hard-power player in the Middle East, North Africa, GNA Government of National Accord (Libya) the Caucasus, and the Black and Mediterranean Seas. Scholarly analysis is therefore needed that LNA Libyan National Army both contextualizes new capabilities for Western audiences and assesses the role and impact of these MIT Milli Istihbarat Teskilati (Turkey’s developments for the coming years. Signaling larger National Intelligence Organization) change within the Turkish military, drones represent a technical leap wrapped in a “revolution in military PKK Kurdistan Workers Party (Turkey) affairs” embedded in a regional realignment.
    [Show full text]