Business Conglomerates in the Context of Myanmar's Economic
Chapter 6 Business Conglomerates in the Context of Myanmar’s Economic Reform Aung Min and Toshihiro Kudo Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of conglomerates in the context of Myanmar’s economic reform process. The paper addresses the research question of the role of business conglomerates and the Myanmar economy, such as are they growth engines or just political cronies? We select some of the top conglomerates in Myanmar and assess their profile, performance, and strategies and examine the sources of growth and limitations for future growth and prospects. The top groups chosen for this paper are Htoo, Kanbawza, Max, Asia World, IGE, Shwe Taung, Serge Pun Associates (SPA)/First Myanmar Investment Group of Companies (FMI), Loi Hein, IBTC, Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC), and Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. (UMEHL). There are other local conglomerates that this paper does not address and they include Shwe Than Lwin Group, Eden Group, Capital and Dagon International etc., which are suggested for further research about Myanmar’s conglomerates in the future. Sources of growth and key success factors of the top business groups are their connection with government, contact with foreign partners, and their competency in the past and present. In the context of the economic reform, previously favored business people appear to recognize that the risks of challenging economic reform could outweigh the likely benefits. In addition, some of the founders and top management of the conglomerates are still subject to US sanctions. Market openness, media monitoring, competition by local and foreign players, sanctions, and the changing trends of policy and the economy limit the growth of conglomerates.
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