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INTERNAL CAPSULE • Projection Fibres- Internal Capsule

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INTERNAL CAPSULE • Projection Fibres- Internal Capsule INTERNAL CAPSULE • Projection fibres- Internal capsule r ~OnQih..!1c:lll i~J ~asd · I.JS OOi 1n1ssur DEFINITION Rostrum ol co,pi.c:; • Projection fibres c.allosum (white matter) between nucleus • caudate nucleus and /---~.__~---- :r~~l thalamus medially capS,Jle Pos1enu1 1111-0 of 1mema1 • lentiform nucleus capsule Thalamus laterally Actf'CNeflocular part of internal capsule 10.24 Horizontal sec11u11 01 lilt cerebral hemisphere st10win9 the Ooc1pr1~• p<Jlt!' - nl lhti rnla o-n~I r~n-e-11l it • Internal Capsule- A compact bundle of fibres through which the large collections of fibres pass, including- • Thalamocortical fibres • Corticothalamic fibres • Corticopontine fibres • Corticobulbar fibres • Corticospinal fibres • The fibres project from the cerebral cortex to the various nuclei of the extrapyramidal system (e.g., the putamen and caudate nucleus). • It is a continuous sheet of fibres that forms the medial boundary of the lenticular nucleus. • It continues around posteriorly and inferiorly to partially envelop this nucleus. • Inferiorly, many of the fibres of the internal capsule funnel into the cerebral peduncles. • Superiorly, the fibres fan out into the corona radiata. • Here, they travel in the cerebral white matter to reach their cortical origins or destinations. The internal capsule is divided into 5 regions: • The anterior limb is the portion between the lenticular nucleus and the head of the caudate nucleus; • The posterior limb is the portion between the lenticular nucleus and the thalamus; • The genu is the portion at the junction of the above 2 parts and is adjacent to the interventricular foramen; • The retrolenticular part is the portion posterior to the lenticular nucleus; • The sublenticular part is the portion inferior to the lenticular nucleus. Portion Description Origin Destination Anterior Limb Anterior thalamic • Anterior nucleus • Cingulate gyrus radiation • DM • Prefrontal cortex Genu Premotor cortex VA Relays to motor areas Primary motor VL cortex Posterior Limb 1. Motor pathways: 1. Motor pathways: o Spinal cord o Corticospinal o Brainstem tract 1. Motor cortex 2. Somatosensory o Corticobulbar 2. VPL/VPM relays: tract o Primary 2. Somatosensory relays somatosentory cortex Retrolenticular Association relay • Pulvinar Association cortex Optic radiation • LGN Visual cortex Sublenticular Optic radiation LGN Visual cortex Auditory radiation MGN Auditory cortex Portion Descending fibres Ascending fibres Radiations Anterior Limb •Frontopontine Thalamofrontal Anterior thalamic •Frontothalamic radiation Genu •Frontopontine Fibres carrying •Corticonuclear somaesthetic sensations from thalamus (VP nu.) to postcentral gyrus Posterior Limb Superior or Dorsal •Frontopontine thalamic radiation •Corticospinal •Thalamoparietal fibres •Corticorubral •Subthalamic •Corticoreticular fasciculus •Parietothalamic Retrolenticular •Parietopontine •Optic radiation •Occipitopontine Posterior or Caudal •Thalamo-occipital •Corticorubral thalamic radiation •Thalamo-parietal •Occipitothalamic Sublenticular •Parietopontine •Acoustic radiation •Temporopontine Inferior thalamic radiation •Thalamotemporal •Temporothalamic CAUDATE NUCLEUS Globus palidus Internal capsule LENTIFORM NUCLEUS External capsule Extreme capsule Putamen THALAMUS CLAUSTRUM White Neural cortex Lateral matter ventricles Septum pellucidum Cerebral D.ie.ncephalon Third .nuclei ventricle Parts of internal capsule Caudate nucleus Anterior limb Genu . ',·. _. / f-1= ~ Thalamus ·:"-_·-: ·. -. - ! :::,, . - . .. .. .. Lentiform nucleus ...... - . - ~ ·~L:::::l Sublentiform Thalamocortical fibres Posterior limb Corticopontine fibres Corticonuclear & L--1Retrolentiform ___JI corticospinal fibres Types of fibres • Thalamic radiation iirtal – Superior thalamic radiation fissure Superior – Anterior thalamic radiation – Posterior thalamic radiation- – Inferior thalamic radiation- • Corticospinal Anterior • Corticonuclear Posterior • Corticopontine – Fronto pontine Inferior – Parieto pontine – Temporo pontine • Extrapyramidal Thalamic radiation • Thalamocortical fibres • Superior-from ventral – Thalamic nuclei -project nucleus to ipsilateral cerebral – Becomes corona radiata cortex (except for reticular nucleus) • Anterior-from anterior & medial nuclei • Reach neocortex • Posterior-from optic • Located entirely within radiation internal capsule • Inferior-from auditory radiation ANTERIOR LIMB – RETROLENTIFORM •Anterior thalamic radiation • Post thalamic •Frontopontine radiation - Optic radiation GENU • Parieto-pontine •Part of superior thalamic • Temporo-pontine radiation •Frontopontine – SUBLENTIFORM •Corticonuclear • Inf thalamic radiation - Auditory POSTERIOR LIMB radiation •Superior thalamic radiation •Frontopontine •Corticonuclear (corticobulbar) •Corticospinal .................. ........................................................................... .............................................................................. •Extrapyrimidal ................................................................................. .................................................................................... ........................................................................................ .......................................................................... Thalamocortical fibres ............................................................................. Corticopontine fibres Corticonuclear & corticospinal fibres BLOOD SUPPLY • Lateral striate fr middle cerebral artery HORIZONTAL SECTION – Ant limb Rostrum ol cOJpus cauosum – Genu – Post limb – Basal ganglia • Medial striate fr anterior nucleus cerebral artery - --------,,---~~=-..,...----::~ – Ant limb capS>Jle – Genu Pos1t:ir:iu1 1111'° of 1mema1 – Basal ganglia capsule • Ant choroidal fr internal Thalamus Aetrolenocular part of internal carotid capsule – Post limb – Retrolenticular part 10.24 Horizontal se c11 u11 0 1 In t:: ce1·eoral hemisphere sflowin9 the Ooc::1pr1~•poae " n l l h ti r... .. ~ .. ~, ... ~ n1 -e- 11l it ies or Brain CORONAL SECTION Corpus ·stria!tum (caudate .and !Mtiform nucleij c~Uoso:mirgin~ ~ne,ies · (branches., of ante1icr Lenticulostriate arteries o@r@b ·ii if,t@ri@,s) . - ericallos'3J .arteries (branci'.es o f: an~im oerebr.al ~teries} ln:;;ul1 1(is!.and of Reil) T,unk of c01pus corpus c~~m Internal capsule PireceMral fpe~Ro1andic=) and cen~r-al (Rolandic:) suloal and p.a:rietal art@ries Anterior cerebral artery Tempi.u~lbrinchi;is o1 . · 1m"ddf(- cerebi·al ane.ry Medialstriate arteries Middle cerebral artery Internal carotid artery • most common!~ arf<s'.e,s: d~al to anterlor- c:ommunlcatl.on arter, CORONAL SECTION Lateral striate -MCA Medial striate Left Right ACA middle middle cerebral cerebral artery artery ANTERIOR LIMB • Ant cerebral artery through medial striate br. • Middle cerebral artery through lateral striate and lenticulostriate br. - pass through the lentiform N to supply the striate GENU • Ant cerebral artery through medial striate br. • Middle cerebral artery through lateral striate and lenticulostriate br. • Branches of internal carotid artery ies or Brain CORONAL SECTION Corpus ·stria!tum (caudate .and !Mtiform nucleij c~Uoso:mirgin~ ~ne,ies · (branches., of ante1icr Lenticulostriate arteries o@r@b ·ii if,t@ri@,s) . - ericallos'3J .arteries (branci'.es o f: an~im oerebr.al ~teries} ln:;;ul1 1(is!.and of Reil) T,unk of c01pus corpus c~~m Internal capsule PireceMral fpe~Ro1andic=) and cen~r-al (Rolandic:) suloal and p.a:rietal art@ries Anterior cerebral artery Tempi.u~lbrinchi;is o1 . · 1m"ddf(- cerebi·al ane.ry Medialstriate arteries Middle cerebral artery Internal carotid artery • most common!~ arf<s'.e,s: d~al to anterlor- c:ommunlcatl.on arter, POSTERIOR LIMB • Middle cerebral artery through lateral striate and lenticulostriate br. – Charcot’s artery of cerebral haemorrhage • Anterior choroidal artery, direct branch of internal carotid artery – Long and slender, thus has tendency to get thrombosis INTERNAL CAPSULE CAUDATE NUCLEUS Globus palidus LENTIFORM NUCLEUS Putamen THALAMUS CLAUSTRUM EXTERNAL CAPSULE CAUDATE NUCLEUS Globus palidus LENTIFORM NUCLEUS Projection fibres from cerebral cortex to basal ganglia and midbrain Putamen THALAMUS CLAUSTRUM APPLIED ANATOMY – Microaneurysm to lenticulostriate arteries - • contralateral side of the body – – Hemiplegia – Impaired sensation – Paralysis of lower half of face – Thrombosis – recurrent br of ACA • contralateral side of the body – – Upper limb – Paralysis of lower half of face – Anterior choroidal artery • may be symptomless – collateral circulation .
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