ICMSTEA 2014 F Makassar, August 20-21, 2014 U E C R A

I State University of Makassar C M

S INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS,

T SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION

E AND THEIR APPLICATIONS A “Recent Research and Issues in 2

0 Mathematics, Sciences, Technology, Education 1 4 and their Applications” I N T E T R E N C A H T N I O

O PROCEEDINGS L N O A G L Y C , O E N D ICMSTEA 2014 F Makassar, August 20-21, 2014 U E C R A

E Makassar, August 20-21, 2014 T N I O C N E O A N N D M T A H T E H I E R M A A P T P I C L I S C , A S T C I O I E N N S C E S ,

th ISBN: 979-604-151-0 ISBN: 979-604-151-0 53 UNM ICMSTEA 2014 Conference Proceeding

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS, SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Makassar, 20th – 21st august 2013

RECENT RESEARCH AND ISSUES ON MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

ISBN 979-604-151-0

Mathematics and Science Faculty Makassar State University

ICMSTEA 2014 : RECENT RESEARCH AND ISSUES ON MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Editorial Board:

Syafruddin Side Iwan Dini Rahmat Syam Sumarlin Muis Ahmad Fudhail Andi Irma Suryani Ansari Saleh Ahmar Muh. Aqil Rusli Bustang Muh. Hijrah Irwan Iswan Achlan Setiawan Nur Wahidin Ashari Wahyuddin Bara Zulkifli Rais

Reviewer Board:

Prof. Max Warshauer Prof. Susie Groves Prof. Peter Hubber Prof. Naoki Sato Prof. Baharuddin Aris Prof. Ismail bin Kailani Prof. Duangjai Nacapricha Prof. Muhammad Arif Tiro Dr. Fran van Galen Prof. Suratman Woro Suprodjo Dr. Siti Nuramaliati Prijono Oslan Jumadi, Ph.D. Prof. Gufron D. Dirawan Muhammad Abdy, Ph.D. Dr. Ramlawaty ©August 2014

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

WELCOME SPEECH

Forewords from the Head of Committee

Assalamu’alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh First, I want to give our welcome to all the delegates, speakers, and participants coming today. Welcome to State University of Makassar, UNM. This conference titled International Conference on Recent Research and issues in Mathematics, Sciences, Technology, Education and Their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014 is assigned to the 53rd Dies Natalies of UNM. It is primarily organized by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science in conjuction with several committee members from other faculties within State University of Makassar. This conference is conducted in two days from 20th of August to 21st of August in Theater Room, Pinisi Building, State University of Makassar. It involves eleven keynote speakers, ten invited speakers, and approximately 150 parallel speakers. Ladies and gentlemen, as I previously said, the conference proudly invites twelve keynote speakers coming from several countries. Therefore, on behalf of the committee members, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the keynote speakers, specifically: 1. Professor Max Warxhauwer (Texas State University, USA) 2. Professor Naoki Sato (Kyoto Prefecture University, Japan) 3. Professor Peter Hubber (Deakin University, Australia) 4. Professor Susie Groves (Deakin University, Australia) 5. Dr. Frans Van Galen (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) 6. Assistant Professor Duangjai Nacapricha (Mahidol University, Thailand) 7. Dr. Siti Nuramaliati Prijono (the Indonesian Institute of Sciences) 8. Professor Baharuddin Aris (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) 9. Professor Ismail bin Kailani (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) 10. Professor Muhammad Arif Tiro (Iowa State University & State University of Makassar) 11. Professor Suratman Woro Suprodjo (Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia)

Next, it is my privilege to thank all organizing committee members who have been showing good work and determination for the accomplishment of this conference. All of them have been working since the beginning of the planning stage and they are still here today for all of us, even though they are very busy with their personal responsibilities.

On this occasion, I would like to apologize to all of you when there are some inconvenience things during the implementation of this conference since we, the organizing committee, as just human being.

Finally, I would like to thank to the speakers and the participants listed in this conference. May I wish you all two fruitful days of interesting and beneficial conference and also that you have a very pleasant stay in Makassar. Thank you very much for all the attention. Assalamu’alaykum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh.

Head of Committee,

Suwardi Annas, Ph.D.

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Forewords from the Dean of Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, State University of Makassar

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Assalamu’alaykum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuh

First of all, let us praise to the Almighty, Allah SWT, because of his Blessings and Helps, we are able to gather here to attend International Conference on Recent Research and issues in Mathematics, Sciences, Technology, Education and Their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014.

The development of education and technology in recent decades grows very rapidly. In addition, they have been specialized into many specific topics. Indeed, for researchers and lecturers, being qualified of a specific field as well as being aware of the contemporary development of other fields are two crucial things. One of the reasons why we undertake the conference is to fulfil those two things. By attending the conference, researchers and lecturers have a good opportunity to share their research findings and to obtain broader descriptions of the development of other general knowledge.

We convey our deep appreciation and gratitude to all of the committees that work from the beginning to support and organize the conference. We also strongly expect the participants of the conference to be continually productive, increase the capacity in conducting a research, and carry out both national and international scientific publications.

Finally, let me again recite thank you to the all participants of the conference who are receptive to spend their time to be present and entirely involved at this events. I wish the conference advantageous for all of us. Billahi taufiq wal hidayah,

Wassalamu’alaykum Wr. Wb.

Dean of Faculty of Mathematics and Science State University of Makassar

Prof. Dr. H. Hamzah Upu, M.Ed.

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Forewords from Rector of UNM

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Assalamu’alaykum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuh

Your respectable, the high officials of State University of Makassar, the committee , the speakers, and the partipants of conference.

It gives me great pleasure to extend to you all a very warm welcome, especially to our keynote speakers who have accepted our invitation to convene the conference. It is an apportune time to convey to you that UNM is celebrating the 53rd Dies Natalis and it commends the faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science (FMIPA) to be in charge of all activity sequences in the Dies Natalis. However, the support of other faculties is also really influential and gives valuable contribution to the success of the event. In that celebration, we undertake several agendas including educational and sport activities. The conference, ICMSTEA, is one of our educational activities that covers a wide range of very interesting items relating to mathematics, sciences, education, technology and their applications.

By taking participation of this seminar, it is highly expected to all of us to share our research findings to society and continuously develop new ideas and knowledge. Those things are two significant steps in improving the quality of nations around the world, increasing our familiarity to each other, and even avoiding underdevelopment. On this good occation, let me quote what Obama said about the education related to this conference and I wish fruitful for all of us: Every single one of you has something you’re good at. Every single one of you has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. That’s the opportunity an education can provide. Therefore, through this conference, we are able to implement education. Furthermore, I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all organizing committee especially for Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty that primarily hosts this conference particularly and other Dies Natalis events generally. Finally, this is a great time for me to declare the official opening of the International Conference on Recent Research and issues in Mathematics, Sciences, Technology, Education and Their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014.

I wish you a very enjoyable stay in Makassar I warmly welcome you again, as in Makassar, we say “salamakki battu ri mangkasara” Assalamu’alaykum warahmatullah wabarakatuh.

Rector of State University of Makassar

Prof. Dr. H. Arismunandar, M.Pd.

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International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WELCOME SPEECH ...... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... iv

Designing and Design Research ...... 1 Frans van Galen, Utrecht University

Mathworks, Math Problemsand Math Education Research ...... 2 Max, Texas State University

Job Orientation Of Undergraduate StatisticsStudents of FMIPA Universitas Negeri Makassar...... 3 Muhammad Arif Tiro,Makassar State University

Membraneless Vaporization Devices: Effective On-Line Tools For Separation of Volatile CompoundsIn Flow-Based Analysis ...... 4 Nacapricha, D, Uraisin, K, Choengchan, N, Ratanawimarnwong,N. and Wilairat, P, Mahidol University

Correlation Between Structures And Electronic Properties Of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films...... 5 Naoki Sato, Kyoto University

Stem and Oer To Stimulate Student Engagement ...... 6 Baharuddin Aris,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Representation Construction: A Research Developed Inquiry Pedagogy For Science Education...... 7 Peter Hubber, Deakin University

Improving Mathematics Teaching Through Lesson Study...... 8 Susie Groves, Deakin University

Introduction To Modelling For Geographical Resources Management...... 9 Suratman, Gajah Mada University

Role of Biological Sciences In Developing The Scientific Basis For Sustainable Development...... 10 Siti Nuramaliati Prijono,The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Mathematics Leadership...... 11 Ismail Kailani,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Developing OfSchool-Based Management Training Model For Principals...... 12 Arismunandar, Nurhikmah H., WidyaKarmilasari Ahmad, Makassar State University

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Analysis OfComplexBuildingStructuresThroughCooperative Learning: An Approach Tounderstandcomplexsubjects...... 20 Ayuddin,Gorontalo State University

Learning Number Pattern Using The Arrangementof Planting Palm Tree...... 27 SutartoHadi, Agni Danaryanti, Kamaliyah,Lambung Mangkurat University

Analysis of Dynamic Behavior CdT Cellsand CdT Cellstomycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections...... 35 Usman Pagalay, Alfi Nur Rochmatin,Islamic State University of Malang

Review On Misconception In Chemistry Textbooks, Teachers And Students Of Senior High School As Users; Case Study On The Concepts Of Quantum Numbers And Electronic Configurations...... 42 Kristian H. Sugiyarto,Yogyakarta State University

Separation of Ca (Ii) And Mg (Ii) Metal Ion Underground River Water In Baron With Activated and Inactivated Zeolite By Fixed Bed Column Adsorption Method...... 53 Suyanta, Susila K, Annisa F, Hendarti and Rr. Putri F, Yogyakarta State University

Developing Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model For Organic Photovoltaic Cells...... 58 Elisa Sesa, Darmawati Darwis, M. Syahrul Ulum, Abdullah,Warwick Belcher, Paul Dastoor, Tadulako University and New Castle University

Isolation And Identification Of Hydrocarbon Degradation Bacteria And Phosphate Soluble Bacteria In Lapindo Mud Sidoarjo – East Java...... 71 Yuni Sri Rahayu, Yuliani, Guntur Trimulyo,Surabaya State University

The Construction Process of Students’ Mathematics Knowledge Based On Cognitive Style In A Learning...... 84 Abdul Rahman, Ansari Saleh Ahmar, Makassar State University

Influence of Self-Concept And Learning Interest On Mathematic Achievements of 8th Grade Students Through Activities and Creative Thinking Ability At Junior High School In Alla Subdistrict At Enrekang District...... 100 Djadir, Makassar State University

What Is The Ability of Geosense?...... 101 Feny Rita Fiantika,Surabaya State University

Mathematics Learning Based Mathematical Communication Cultured and Character of Indonesia...... 117 Izwita Dewi, Tiur Malasari Siregar, Nurhasanah Siregar, MedanState University

Hipnoteaching As A Teaching Model...... 129 Ja’faruddin,Makassar State University

Student Understanding of Symbols In Math Algebra...... 136 Dian Septi Nur Afifah, Surabaya State University

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Analysis Of Concept Understanding of Trigonometric Ratio’s From Student’s Initial Ability On Class X.1 Sma Negeri 11 Makassar...... 140 Andi Fauziah Mustafa, Suwardi Annas, Alimuddin, Makassar State University

Improving College Students’ Understanding On Mathematical Finance Course Through The Use of Post-Hypnotic Suggestion of Hypnotherapy...... 146 Hamzah Upu, Bustang, Makassar State University

Designing Learning ContinuumAs a Basis For Constructing Diagnostic Test (Its Implementation For Algebra Expression)...... 153 Kusaeri, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

The Development Of Internet-Based Assessment of Math Learning Evaluation...... 160 MarwatiAbd. Malik, Mas’ud B, University of Muhmmadiyah Parepare

The Influence of The Implementation of Unconscious Mind Program To Students’ Mathematics Learning Achievement...... 167 Muh. Hijrah, Sabri, Ja’faruddin, Makassar State University

Development of Teacher Competence InstrumentBased On Rating By Students at SMA in Pangkep District...... 174 Muhammad Ilham Rauf, Basointang Sappaile, Ruslan, Makassar State University

Learning from Misconception to re-Educate Students In Solving Problems of Mathematics...... 177 Nasrullah, Usman Mulbar, Makassar State University

Exploration Of Mathematics Representation In Solving Mathematics Problem Based On the Level of Metacognitive Awareness of Grade X-IPA at SMAN 1 Majene...... 185 Nurdin Arsyad, Rezki Amaliyah A. R, Makassar State University

Problem Based Learning (Pbl) To Enhance Mathematical Analysis And Evaluation Skills of Junior High School Students ...... 195 NurWahidin Ashari, Dadan Dasari, Stanley Dewanto, University of Education and Padjajaran University

Pre-Service Teachers’ Perspective To Identify Evidence Of Teachers’ Efforton Developing Democratic Classroom Through Video...... 202 Rahmah Johar, Cut Khairunnisak, M. Ikhsan, Cut Morina Zubainur, Syiah Kuala University

The Profile Of Thinking In Solving Algebra Based On Solo Taxonomy Viewed From The Level Of Self-Efficacy At Students of Smp Al-Azhar Palu...... 212 Rio Fabrika Pasandaran, Ilham Minggi, Alimuddin, Makassar State University

Is Reforming School Mathematics CurriculumUrgent In Indonesia?...... 218 Sabri, Makassar State University

Mathematics Learning At Non-Rme Classroom...... 224 Syahrullah Asyari, Ikhbariaty Kautsar Qadry, Makassar State University and Muhammadiyah University of Makassar

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Effect of Cooperative Learning on Mathematics Achievement of Sixth Grade Students of Mendrelgang Primary School In Bhutan...... 235 Tulashi Devi Pradhan, Naresuan University, Thailand.

The Description of Mathematical Problem Solving on Spldv Material Based on Student’s Personalities...... 245 Muhammad Zainal Abidin, Ilham Minggi, Muh. Jufri, Makassar State University

Rigorous Mathematical Thinking In Geometry Course...... 252 Mega Teguhbudiarto, Pradnyowijayanti, Ikakurniasari, Surabaya State University

Cooperative InteractionIn Learning Mathematics...... 264 Suradi, MakassarState University

Influence Theoretical Problem Based Learning Model Cooperative Setting (PBMSK) Against Intelligence Personal Development...... 273 Ahmad Talib,Ismail Kailani.Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Effect Of Student’s Learning Style On Student Resistant Misconception In Chemistry Concept...... 274 Septyadi David Eka Aryungga, Suyono, State University of Surabaya

The Design Of Instruction Model Based On The Metacognitive Skill For Establishing Problem Solving Ability And The Understanding of Chemical Concept...... 281 Ijirana, Tadulako University

Preliminary Analyzes Of Metacognition Awareness And Learning Outcome Of Basic Chemistry For Biology’ Students FMIPA UNM...... 292 Muhammad Danial, Nurlaela, Makassar State University

The Relationship Between Prior Knowledge and Creative Thinking Ability In Chemistry of Students In Grade XI Science at Public High School of Takalar...... 298 Ramlawati, Dewi Satria Ahmar, Melati Masri, Makassar State University

Characterization Of Polyblend Of Kelor Seed (Moringa Oliefera) With Eggshell As Adsorben for Water Treatment...... 306 Suherman, Sitti Aminah, Solfarina, Tasrik, UIN Makassar

Effect Of Learning Model Cycle Learning Through Contextual Approach To Learning Chemistry Class Viii Ipa Smp 30 Makassar (Studies In The Subject Matter Of The Chemical)...... 315 Ni Luh Asriniasih, Sugiarti, Makassar State University

Higher-Order Thinking (Hot) SkillsIn UN, TIMSS,and PISA Items...... 328 Wasis, Sukarmin, Muji Sri Prastiwi, Surabaya State University

Development of Science PracticalCourses To ImproveThe Inquiry Ability of Prospective Teacher...... 335 Rosnita,Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak

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International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Multiple-Choice Exams With Pictorial-To-Pictorial Format Representation of Density of Liquid And Aspect Cognitive Measured...... 346 Helmi Abdullah, Jasruddin, D.Malago, Patta Bundu, Syamsul Bachri Thalib, Makassar State University

Developing Of Physics Teaching Materials On Based Environmental...... 353 Jasruddin, D. Malago, Helmi Abdullah,Makassar State University

The Influence of Learning Strategies and Cognitive Learning Styles on Learning Outcomes In Physics of Students at SMAN 5 Bulukumba...... 359 Kaharuddin Arafah, Kasmiati, Makassar State University

Development of Web Based Physics Learning Media for 10th Grade Senior High School In Dynamic Electricity Topic...... 368 Kiar Vansa Febrianti, Fakhrizal Arsi,State University of Jakarta

Innovative Learning Development Model For Improving High Level Thinking Skills And Student Learning Culture...... 379 Raharjo, Wahono Widodo,Wasis, Surabaya State University

National Test Quality (UN) at 2012/2013 School Year Of SubjectsPhysics Lesson Is Evaluated From Difficult Level And Different Poweritem In Level SMA/MA Study Program Natural Sciences (IPA) In Makassar City...... 386 S.Salmiah Sari, Makassar State University

The Influence Of Cooperative Learning Strategies Think Pair Share (TPS) Toward Capability In Probelm Solving Of Ecology With Different Cognitive Style...... 398 Amiruddin Kasim, Tadulako University

Correlation Student Activity of Creating Concept Map and Concept Map Product That Created by Student With Learning Outcomes On The Nervous System Material In SMA Negeri 10 Bulukumba...... 406 Asmayani, Makassar State University

Study on Learning Process (Project Based Learning)In Environment Science Course...414 Baiq Fatmawati, STKIP Hamzanwadi-Selong

The Development Of Chart-Based Instructional Media Of Biology As Biocompass For Protists Subject Grade X Semester I ...... 418 Engka Rukmana, Nurhayati B, Andi Rahmat Saleh, Makassar State University

Scientific Inquiry Skills of Preserved Biology Teacher In Laboratory Activity...... 425 Fenny Roshayanti, Sumarno, Muhammad Syaipul Hayat, PGRIUniversity of Semarang

Utilization of Simple Microscope as Alternative Media at Basic Competency 6.3 Describe The Diversity of Life Organizational System From Cells To Organism at Class VII MTSN Turikale Kabupaten Maros...... 433 Kasmiatang Kadir, MTSN Turikale Kabupaten Maros

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International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Item Test Analyzing for Odd Semester Examination of Biology Matter In Class XI Senior High Schools In Tamalanrea District at Makassar City for Academic Years 2013/2014...439 Muhammad Takwin Machmud, Hardiyanti M, Yusminah Hala, A. Mushawwir Taiyeb, Makassar State University

The Different Of Science Cognitive Learning Outcome On The Respiratory System By Using Problem Based Instruction Model With Demonstration Method And Without Demonstration Method In Class VIII MTSN Kelara...... 449 Nurul Fatimah Syukri, Firdaus Daud, A. Asmawati Azis, Makassar State University

Implementation of Representation Visuospatial (Vs) Teaching In Cell Biology Concept for Undergraduate Students Mathematics and Biology Education...... 457 PurwatiKuswariniSuprapto, UniversitasSiliwangi

RelationshipAnalysis ofSportin CreatingFastingwithTheStudentHealthAspectsScienceFoundationIslamic SchoolFoundationSciencesof The Qur’anAl-Muzahwirah Makassar...... 462 Muhammadong, Arifuddin Usman, Makassar State University

Evaluation on Managerial Supervision Program Secondary Education Unit of Supervisors In Poso District...... 471 Yunita Timbani, MakassarState University

Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teacher Candidates ThePortfolioAssessment...... 476 Andi Makkasau, Patta Bundu, Makassar State University

Correlation Islamic Values Against Sport In Creating Emotional Intelligence In Students Aliyah Islamicschool An-Nahdlah Makassar...... 485 Arifuddin, U, Muhammadong, MakassarState University

Analysis Of The Roles Of School Supervisors In Guiding Teachers To Conduct Classroom Action Research At Senior High School In Bulukumba District...... 498 Erny,Makassar State University

Using Laboratory Simulation In Vocational High School To Model Real World Problems...... 504 Hendra Jaya, Sapto Haryoko, Makassar State University

Vocational Education Reform In a Global Era...... 510 Muhammad Yahya, Muhammad Farid, Makassar State University

The Readiness of Students, Vocational High School Building Engineering Department,and Construction Industry In Applying Internship Program In Makassar City...... 520 Onesimus Sampebua, Anas Arfandi, Makassar State University

Rearranging Free Education Policy In Indonesia(Case Study: Free Education Policy In Makassar)...... 528

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Suarlin, Makassar State University

Utilizing Audio Visual (VCD) To Improve Repruduction Written Skill In English Learning of Teacher Training of Elementary School Program (PGSD)...... 537 Rohana, Makassar State University

The Impact of Policy on Region ExpansionTo Office Administrative Services In Barombong Subdistrict of Gowa District...... 550 Rudi Salam, Rosdiana, Suarlin, Haedar Akib, Makassar State University

Procedures of Constructing Tests by The High School English Teachers In Makassar...... 558 Suhartina A. Busrah, Baso Jabu, Muhammad Nasiruddin Sainu, Makassar State University

The Development of Science and Technology Through The Professionalism of Lecturers..565 Syamsidah, Makassar State University

Positive Expectation Model Development Education Improvement Efforts As A Stress Self- Management Skills Student Vocational High School (SMK) Makassar...... 573 Abd Saman, Muh Jufri, Makassar State University

The Application Of The Pigeonhole Principle, Modular Arithmetic, and Permutation In Playing Magical Trick Of a Card Game ...... 583 Fajar Arwadi, Makassar State University

Application of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) With Analysis Of Moment Structures (AMOS) ...... 589 Suwardi Annas, Irwan, Makassar State University

Developing Students Books With Topics Matrix Based On Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RMT) In Curriculum 2013 ...... 597 Ika Kurniasari, Pradnyo Wijayanti, Mega Teguh Budiarto, State University of Surabaya

Homomorphisms and Isomorphisms In The Fuzzy Subgroup ...... 601 Sukmawati, Fitriani, STKIP YPUP Makassar

Approximate Analytical Solution for SIR Model of Dengue Disease In South Sulawesi Using Homotopy Analysis and Iteration Variation Method ...... 605 Syafruddin S., Yulita Molliq Rangkuti, MakassarState University, Medan State University

Stability Analysis of System of 1 Prey – 2 Predator With Holling Type II Functional Response ...... 616 Abadi, Surabaya State University

Portfolio Optimization Analysis of Stock Using Markkowitz Model ...... 621 Ansari Saleh Ahmar, Makassar State University

Evolution Equation of Homogeneous Semi-Markov Processes In Health Insurance Additional Premiums Calculation for Outpatient Respiratory Disease ...... 627 Faihatuz Zuhairoh, STKIP YPUP Makassar

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Survival Analysis and Its Application In Public Health ...... 639 Aswi, Makassar State University Optimal Control of the Forest Arealogistic Growth Model Preservingthe Stable Interaction of Temperature, Pressure And Atmospheric CO2 Content ...... 649 Agus Indra Jaya, Rina Ratianingsih, Affandi,TadulakoUniversity

Measurability of The Henstock Integrable Function of Vector Valued Function On a Locally Compact Metric Space ...... 656 Manuharawati, Surabaya State University

Application of SIR Mathematical Model for Transmission of Dengue Fever Through Collaboration Counseling with Health Center Staff In Lanrisang, Pinrang ...... 663 Syafruddin S., Makassar State University

Screening of Tembelekang Plant (Lantanacamaralinn) Active Compounds Forprevention of Infectious Diseasesinskinwounds ...... 666 Muharram, Iwan Dini, Pince Salempa, Sitti Faika, Ahmad Fudhail, Makassar State University

Performance of The Diffusive Gradients In Thin Films (DGT) Technique for Measurement of Labile Cu In Environmental Waters ...... 673 Khairuddin, Abd Wahid Wahab, Buchari, Indah Raya,Tadulako University, Hasanuddin University, Bandung Institute of Technology

Cadmium: a Micronutrient for Diatom Marine Phytoplankton ...... 680 Arifin, M. Sjahrul, Ahyar Ahmad, Indah Raya,Halu Oleo University

Antibiotic Activity Test Cellulolytic Bacteria Isolates CC1 And CC2 of The Larvae of The Butterflies (Cossuscossus) ...... 689 Maswati Baharuddin, Abd. Rauf Patong, Ahyar Ahmad, Nursiah La nafie, University of Hasanuddin

Synthesis and Characterization of Coke From Charcoal Obtained From Pyrolysis of Coconut Shell ...... 696 Meytij Jeanne Rampe, Vistarani Arini Tiwow, State University of Manado, State University of Makassar

Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Β-Sitosterol Compound from The N-Hexane Fraction of Root Wood of Pterospermum Subpeltatum C.B. Rob ...... 702 Pince Salempa, Makassar State University

Synthesis of Pesticides Organic of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena Odonata) for Armyworm and Caterpillar Soil Pest on Cabbage and Scallion ...... 708 Ignatius R.S. Santoso, Henny L. Rampe, Manado State University, Sam Ratulangi University

Synthesis Molecular Imprinted Polymer Methacrylic Acid (MIP_MAA) using Molecular Imprinting Technique ...... 712 St. Fauziah, Nunuk Hariani, Muh. Bachri Amran, Paulina Taba, Hasanuddin University, Technology Institute of Bandung

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Structure-Activity Relationship for Larvacidal Activity of Non-Phenolic Compounds from The Stem Bark Of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora Stylosa) ...... 720 Suyatno, Nurul Hidajati, Surabaya State University

The Influence of Variation In The Amount of Starch Adhesive on The Calorific Value of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes ...... 725 Sudding, Makassar State University

Analyse of Water Flow, Rainfall and Evaporation In Maros Karst Areas and Sustainable Use In Agriculture ...... 733 Muhammad Arsyad, Makassar State University

Immunohistochemical Study on The Distribution of Adenohypophysial Cell Types In The Pituitary Gland of Bungo Fish (Glossogobius Cf. Aureus) from Tempe Lake, South Sulawesi...... 741 Dwi Kesuma Sari, Andi Tamsil, Kazuhide Adachi, Yasuhiro Tsukamoto, Hasanuddin University, Indonesian Moslem University, Kyoto Prefecture University

A StudyOn The Topographical Of Syrinx In Laughting Chicken (Ayam Gaga) From South Sulawesi ...... 745 Andhika Yudha Prawira, Novi Susanty, Farida Nur Yuliaty, Dini Kurnia Ikliptikawati, Dwi Kesuma Sari, Hasanuddin University

Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)-Based Coin-Operated Automatic Charging Station...... 751 Julius O. Paler, Southern Leyte State University

Computation Model For The FEB/FE2B Layer Growth Diffusion Kinetic During The ST41 Low Carbon Steel Powder Pack Boriding ...... 754 Sutrisno, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Level Relations In The Field Of Health Services Clinic Sanitation By The Numbers Disease Occurrence Environment Based On Work Are A Community Health Center Makassar ... 760 Zaenab, Mawaddah, Ministry of Health Polytechnic Makassar

Temperature Trend Analisis In Jakarta City: 1981-2010 ...... 770 Rosmini Maru, Makassar State University

The Diversity of Anopheles Sppmosquitos Species In Traditional Mining Areas Ondistrict of Rarowatu Utara, Bombana Regency ...... 780 Amirullah, Nasaruddin, Waode Harlis, Husnaeni, Halu Oleo University, Open University- Makassar

Phosphate-Solubilizing Actinomycetes Isolated From Rhizosphere of ManihotUtilisima In South Sulawesi ...... 792 Alimuddin Ali, Nurlaela Alydrus, Moh. Sahrul Tamsil, Andi Asrini Nurani Ulfa, Muslimin, Makassar State University

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International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Mi Lela (Mi Lele Labu): Manufacturing The Wet Noodle From Flour And Clarias Batrachus Flesh With Fortification of Pumpkin ...... 797 Andi Nurul Virninda, Sriwidayani Syam, Nuraini Yusuf, Sri Wahyuni and Reski Ramadani, Makassar State University

Development of Biology Instructional Media Based E-Learning Using Joomla and Wondershare Quiz Creator For Skeletal and Muscular System Concept ...... 804 Anshar Mansabadi, Asmawati Azis, Makassar State University

Identification of Physical And Social Ecotourism Potential In Ramma Valley at Bawakaraeng Mountain South Sulawesi ...... 814 Mohamad Padri, Surianto, Andi Andriana, Aji Maulana, A. Nurul Virninda, Makassar State University

Diversity and Indicator Species of Herbaceous Understory Vegetation at Forest Dominated With Vitex Cofassus On Mount Bawakaraeng ...... 821 Muhammad Wiharto, Hamka L, Fatma H, Syamsiah, Abdul Hamid, Satriani, Makassar State University

Developing Students’ Leader Character Through Sekolah Alam (A Case Study In Sekolah Alam Bogor Middle School Level) ...... 831 Nurhikmah Tenripada, Makassar State University

The Effect of Different Grains On Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Spawn Growth...... 839 Rukman Muslimin, A. Mu’nisa, Alimuddin Ali, Hartono, Oslan Jumadi, Makassar State University

Content of Flavonoid Compounds of Ageratum Conyzoides Leaves Extract From Some Altitude Habitats...... 843 Yuliani, Soemarno, Bagyo Yanuwiadi, Amin Setyo Leksono, Brawijaya University

Mohs Micrographic Modification Surgery In Handling And Rotation Flap Basal Cell Carcinoma ...... 849 Irma Suryani, Anis Idris, Anis Irawan Anwar, Makassar State University, Hasanuddin University

Improvement of DPRD Monitoring Model In The Implementation of The Government and Development to Realize Good Governance In Sinjai Regency In South Sulawesi ...... 856 Hasnawi Haris, Manan Sailan, Rifdan, Makassar State University

Implementation of The Marriage Registration Office of Religious Affair Makassar (Study of Law No. 1 of 1974) ...... 873 Muhammadong, Makassar State University

Effect of Organizational Commitment Transformational Leadership Mediates On The Performance of Employees (Study On Islamic Banking In Makassar)...... 879 Akbar Abdi, Makassar State University

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International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Society Opinion’s Regarding Residential House and Its Environment Toward Human Basic Need In Makassar (In Review Of Physiological And Safety Needs Or Sense Of Security)...... 893 Agussalim Djirong, Makassar State University

Development of Model-Based Learning Visual Media Through The Model Four-D Thiagarajan For Expository Writing In Junior High School ...... 906 Akmal Hamsa, Ihramsari Akidah, Makassar State University

The Factors Affecting Inflation In Indonesia ...... 915 Anwar Ramli, Sulfaidah, Makassar State University

Y Organ Cells Activity Based On The Concentration Of Ecdysteroid From Haemolymph of Mangrove Crab (S. Olivacea Herbs, 1979) ...... 928 Hasnidar, Yushinta Fujaya, Dody Dharmawan Trijuno, Chair Rani, Indonesian Moslem University, Hasanuddin University

Joke Models of Development Result and Benefits ...... 939 Jokebet Saludung, Makassar State University

The Role of Heavy Metal Fe In Sponges (Porifera) From Spermonde Archipelago ...... 945 Lydia Melawaty, Kristiana Pasau, Paulus Christian University of Indonesia

Application of Dynamic Model as Decision Making In Vehicle Emissions Pollution Control At Makassar City ...... 952 Moh. Ahsan S. Mandra, Makassar State University

Challenges Facing Economic Education In A Free Trade (ACFTA and AEC) ...... 959 Muhammad Azis, Makassar State University

Implementation of Islamic Law In The Public Service In Achieving System Ombudsman of Makassar ...... 966 Muhammadong, Makassar State University

The Application of Learning Group Investigation Model to Improve Students’ Learning Outcome of Agricultural Technology Education Department ...... 974 Nurleala S., Makassar State University

The Pakarena Sere Jaga Nigandang, Culture Identity and Makassar Women ...... 981 Nurlina Syahrir, Makassar State University

Air Pollution Control In The Region of Makassar Indonesia...... 998 Taty, Makassar State University

Fuzzy Logic Method to Diagnose Fault In 1-Phase Induction Motor ...... 1007 Yunus Tjandi, DyahDarma Andayani, Syarifuddin Kasim, Makassar State University

Optimization the Learning Based Competence Integrated With Character Education In

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International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Vocational High School ...... 1017 Riana T. Mangesa, Dyah Darma Andayani, Makassar State University Analysing Items Using the Rasch Model In Pisa 2000 ...... 1024 Muhammad Tahir, Makassar State University

Contemporary Correlation ...... 1034 Sukarna, Makassar State University

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

DESIGNING AND DESIGN RESEARCH

Frans van Galen Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University

Abstract

Students who want to work in education after their graduation, will benefit if there is ample room in their study for the design and the evaluation of educational activities. In ‘design research’ design and evaluation go hand in hand. A typical design research study consists of two to four cycles: designing, testing, retrospective analysis, redesign, testing and so further. A range of data is collected, amongst other things: tests to establish the preknowledge of children, classroom observations, video of classroom discussions, video of discussions in a ‘focus group’, one or more interviews with the teachers. The aim of design research is not to compare different approaches; there is no control group and as the group of subjects per cycle will often be just one class, statistical significance is not an issue. Instead the researchers strive for a presentation of the empirical data that allows other researchers and designers to evaluate the conclusions that the authors have drawn. Data triangulation is important.Design research is a core element in the study program for Indonesian students in Utrecht. In my contribution to the conference I want to explain what we mean by design research and how we deploy it in the curriculum of our master students. My examples will come mainly from mathematics education, but design research can also be used to improve education for other school topics.

1 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

MATHWORKS, MATH PROBLEMSAND MATH EDUCATION RESEARCH

Max Texas State University, USA

Abstract

Inquiry-based teaching and learning approaches have In this talk, there are three inter- connected parts. First, we will describe Mathworks programs for students, teachers, and curriculum development. Second, we will provide some interesting problems that illustrate the kind of investigations that arise in our curriculum and math programs. Finally, we will discuss math education research, particularly focusing on ongoing and future projects connected to teaching, learning and Math works programs. This includes opportunities at Texas State for students and faculty, and collaborations with KPM and Makassar State University.

2 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

JOB ORIENTATION OF UNDERGRADUATE STATISTICS STUDENTS OF FMIPA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MAKASSAR

Muhammad Arif Tiro Graduated from Iowa State University, USA, Statistics professor at Faculty of Science and Mathematics, the State University of Makassar

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the job orientation and perspectives of statistics students of FMIPAUNM. This study is important because FMIPA UNM has opened undergraduate statistics program and receive the first batch of 2013 with this study, is expected to produce insight and orientation of students’thinking to prepare for theirfuture. Thus, students have to prepare for the learning process to gain knowledge, skills, and expertise to support these perspectives. This study was conducted by surveying the opinions and ideals of 40 students after completing education at statistics study at FMIPA UNM. The results showed that the 40 students who participated, most of them aspire to become civil servants (PNS) non-faculty (58%), and further studies to become lecturers (50%). Partly of them also choose to become professional statisticians (25%) as well as being a business and economy entrepreneurs (23%). Furthermore, the choice of such work based on the meaning of the work as the duties, responsibilities, and worship in the life (30%), work as a means to achieve happiness and the happiness of parents (25%), work as a struggle to achieve the goal of life (18%), work as a means to earn income to make ends meet (18%), and work as identity and pride (13%). The conclusion of this research report will be used as inputs for improving: (1) curriculum, and (2) the design of learning at Statistics Studies Program of FMIPA UNM.

Keywords: job orientation, meaning of the work, undergraduate

3 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

MEMBRANELESS VAPORIZATION DEVICES: EFFECTIVE ON-LINE TOOLS FOR SEPARATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN FLOW-BASED ANALYSIS

Nacapricha, D.1,2*Uraisin, K.1,2Choengchan, N.1,3&Ratanawimarnwong, N.1,4Wilairat, P.1,2,5

1Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRSTLabs) 2Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand 3Department of Chemistry and the Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Bangkok 10520, Thailand 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand 5National Doping Control Center, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. email address: [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

Membraneless vaporization devices are apparatus developed for on-line separation of volatile compounds from liquid or solid samples. Our group was the first to introduce the technique of membraneless vaporization as well as ‘membraneless vaporization unit’ (MBL-VP unit) suitable for flow-based analysis. Conventional devices, such as ‘gas-diffusion unit’ and ‘pervaporation unit’ all employ membranes. Volatile compound vaporizes from the sample (donor) into a headspace partitioning between the sample section and a liquid section (acceptor). The volatile gas dissolves into the acceptor leading to the change in the physical property. This change in the physical property of liquid acceptor is used for constructing the calibration for quantitative analysis. In this talk, evolution of MBL-VP devices will be presented. Future trend in development of MBL-VP devices for simultaneous determination of volatile compounds will be discussed.

Keywords: Membraneless vaporization;Separation; Flow-based analysis;Volatile compound.

4 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

CORRELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURES AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR THIN FILMS

Naoki SATO Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. [email protected]

Abstract

Our research is devoted to correlation studies on structures and properties of organic functional materials in the solid state. In particular, the electronic structure in the valence and unoccupied states of organic semiconductor thin films is studied using photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies in connection with their electronic and photoelectric properties. Such results are applicable to create novel molecular systems with characteristic electronic functions.

Keywords: Organic semiconductor; Thin film; Electronic property; Electronic structure.

5 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

STEM AND OER TO STIMULATE STUDENT ENGAGEMENT

Baharuddin Aris Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Abstract

While STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, OER stands for Open Educational Resources. One of the initiatives of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in alleviating problems related to STEM Education is Research and Development of UTM- MIT BLOSSOMS. BLOSSOMS stands for Blended Learning Open Source Science or Math Studies. This presentation will cover the why, how and when collaborative efforts between UTM and MIT as well the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MoE) evolved and how effective are these UTM-MIT BLOSSOMS. Collaborative efforts between MIT Professors, Malaysian teachers and UTM lecturers with respect to training and development of UTM-MIT BLOSSOMS that is applicable to Malaysian syllabus in secondary school and higher institution started in January 2013. This collaborative effort goes beyond the training and development of UTM-MIT BLOSSOMS embedded with higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and Malaysian culture in creative and contextual approach. It also involves researching the effectiveness of UTM-MIT BLOSSOMS through UTM research grants and PhD synergy project between MoE and UTM in 2013.

6 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

REPRESENTATION CONSTRUCTION: A RESEARCH DEVELOPED INQUIRY PEDAGOGY FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION

Peter Hubber Deakin University

Abstract

Inquiry-based teaching and learning approaches have long been advocated as best practice in science classrooms (Anderson, 2002) but have yet been realised in terms of wide scale implementation (Minna, Levy & Century, 2010). This keynote address describes a successful research-developed representation construction approach to teaching and learning that links student learning and engagement with the epistemic practices of science. This approach involves challenging students to generate and negotiate the representations (text, graphs, models, diagrams) that constitute the discursive practices of science, rather than focusing on the text-based, deﬁnitional versions of concepts. The representation construction approach is based on sequences of representational challenges which involve students constructing representations to actively explore and make claims about phenomena. Inquiry in the science classroom becomes inquiry into ideas and how they are represented, and the selective and partial nature of such representations. The key principles of the representation construction approach, considered a form of directed inquiry, are outlined with illustrations from video ethnographic studies of whole topics such as forces, astronomy and ideas about matter within middle years’ science classrooms. The address will also outline the manner in which the representation construction approach has been translated into wider scale implementation through a large scale Professional Development (PD) workshop program and pre-service teacher curriculum courses. Issues associated with wider scale implementation of the approach are discussed such as ongoing support for in-service teachers implementing the approach and limited practicum experiences for pre-service teachers in enacting inquiry- based teaching approaches.

7 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

IMPROVING MATHEMATICS TEACHING THROUGH LESSON STUDY Susie Groves Deakin University 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood 3125, Australia +61 3 9244 6405 [email protected]

Abstract

Lesson study first came to world-wide attention as a vehicle for professional learning through Yoshida’s (1999) doctoral dissertation and Stigler and Hiebert’s (1999) accounts of Japanese structured problem-solving lessons based on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Since then, there has been phenomenal growth of lesson study as a vehicle for professional learning. For example, Suratno (2012, p. 212) describes Lesson Study as “spreading like wildfire across Indonesia”. However, as Stigler and Hiebert (1999) point out, efforts at improving teaching often ignore the fact that teaching is a cultural activity, which implies gradual change and the need to take into account the cultural assumptions underpinning teaching and learning. Thus questions about the extent to which lesson study can be replicated elsewhere remain (Perry &Lewis, 2009), as do questions about the extent to which teachers can adopt structured problem-solving as the basis for research lessons. This presentation will describe essential features of Japanese Lesson Study that can contribute to bringing about improvement in mathematics teaching. It will aslo discuss some affordances and constraints encountered in its adoption and adaptation in other countries, with particular reference to a research project, Implementing structured problem-solving mathematics lessons through lesson study, being carried out in a small number of Melbourne schools.

Keywords: Lesson study; mathematics teaching; teacher professional learning; problem solving

8 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

INTRODUCTION TO MODELLING FOR GEOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Suratman Faculty of Geography Gadjah Mada University

Abstract

Geography focus on geosphere aspect of the earth in relationship with man and other living environments by using spatial, ecological and regional complex analysis.The geosphere consist of atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, andanthrophosphere. Spatially, the characteristics of geosphere are heterogeneous from place to other place. Geosphere can be analyzed as a complex natural system.Ecologically, the interaction among the components of geosphere are favourable processes in the developing the system. By the geographical system approach, a model can be used in the determining the potential geographical resource in the context of planning. There are some types of model in geographical research for resources management. The geographical models are scale model, conceptual model and mathematical model. Geographer will search type, pattern, and distribution of geographical resources such as land, water, mineral, vegetation, land use, settlement, population, man made etc. By using models in geography (spatial, ecological model) and also mathematical model, the geographical resourcescan be determined. The spatial and numerical geographical resources can be as a basic for simulation in comprehensive in geographical resources planning and management.

Keywords : Geography, geographical resources, system, models, resources management

9 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES IN DEVELOPING THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Siti Nuramaliati Prijono The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Abstract

The 21st Century has been called a “Biology Century” because of the many advances in humankind’s understanding of the basic processes and components of life. Biology offers great scope in developing the scientific basis for sustainable Development, especially in the assurance of food security, and in the use of biology to meet the needs for more fuel, fiber and animal feed . Indonesia’s strategic longterm development plan (2005-2025) aims to achieve a “green and ever-lasting Indonesia.” Indonesia believe that sustainable development is the process to integrate economic development and natural resources and its ecosystem in order to meets human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met in the present and the future. Achieving sustainable development is made more difficult as biodiversity and the ecosystem services that underpin all life on earth are degraded. For sustainable use of biodiversity, require creativity and new advances in scientific knowledge. Biology is a pivotal knowledge component to meeting humankind’s requirements and thereby contributing to sustainable development.

Keywords: Biological Sciences, sustainable development, Indonesia.

10 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

MATHEMATICS LEADERSHIP

Ismail Kailani Universiti Teknologi Malaysia [email protected]

Abstract Improvement in mathematics education requires new kinds of leadership. There is an urgent and growing need for mathematics teacher – leaders – specialists positioned between classroom teachers and administrators who can assist with the improvement of mathematics education. We need to develop the knowledge, skills and disposition, sensibilities, long-term capacities of leaders working with teachers to take leadership for improving mathematics education. The leader takes on the roles of active observer, participant, professional development provider, and instructional leader. This site-based leaders will be integral in sustaining and furthering all aspects of the components of a comprehensive mathematics program. These mathematics leaders must know how to support teachers to improve mathematics teaching practices; to design and implement mathematics professional development to achieve specific goals and objectives; to deepen mathematical knowledge needed for teaching mathematics, which is also a key to high level mathematics professional development. Leaders who are responsible for improving mathematics achievement face tremendous challenges. There are several leadership principles such as equity leadership, teaching and learning leadership, curriculum leadership, and assessment leadership, that will help leaders implement a high-quality mathematics program. . There are variety of leadership positions in mathematics education such as school and central office leaders, supervisors, team leader, coach, peer coach, new teachers mentor, curriculum and instructional materials developer, and inquiry team member, etc.

11 TEMPERATURE TREND ANALISIS IN JAKARTA CITY: 1981-2010

Rosmini Maru

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia e-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract

The phenomenon of the increase in temperature is one object of study microclimate. This phenomenon occurs, in almost all major cities in the world, including in the city of Jakarta. The study was conducted in Jakarta by using secondary data for 30 years (1981-2010) at three stations namely Kemayoran, Pondok Betung, and Serang. The results showed a highly significant increase in temperature, especially in Kemayoran stations with R2= 0975, and the Pondok Betung station with R2= 0.972 at confidence level of 0.01. Meanwhile, the Serang station value is R2= 0324. Significant temperature increase mainly occurred on minimum temperature impact on decreasing the temperature of max-min especially at Kemayoran Station with R2= 0394 on the confidence level of 0.01. Meanwhile, the station is Pondok Betung and Serang less significant with each value of R2 = 0.06 and 0.055 at 0.05 level. Significant temperature increase primarily in downtown and the suburbs, indicating the need for mitigation efforts both by the government or the local community. This is done to reduce the rate of increase in temperature in the city of Jakarta.

Keywords: Temperature Trend, Microclimate, Jakarta City, UHI. 1. Introduction of 0.8°C and 0.7°C for the South Island. Climate change is a phenomenon that is Thus, the trend of rising temperatures always discussed. in various countries in occurred since 1900 is dominated by the the world. One element of climate a lot has changes since the 1940s in New Zeland. changed is the temperature. Based on Temperature increase that occurred various previous studies known to increase in different parts of the earth, especially in the surface temperature of 0.6°C (Nicholls urban areas mainly due to increased et al., 1996). In addition, sea surface anthropogenic activities such as the growth temperature at night experienced an of various industries to meet the needs of increase of 0.7°C was detected between households in urban areas or rural areas. 1900 and the 1990s (Zheng et al., 1997). Increased anthropogenic activities impact The theme of the temperature increase was the development of the city as fast as a also studied by Salinger et al. (1992) supermarket building, roads, and offices showed increased average annual without caring environmental temperature between the decades 1941- sustainability. Therefore, this can harm the 1950 and 1981-1990 for the North Island community particular aspects of thermal

770 comfort, health and energy consumption surrounding region forming a "heat island". (Tursilowati 2005). One of the urban heat effect is increased The relationship between the thereby increasing the temperature of the process of urbanization with increasing city (Shaharuddin 2012). temperature was also studied by Kruger Environmental quality less good and Shongwe (2004) in South Africa. every year (Wong et al., 2007). This is also Findings show that there has been a true in the city of Jakarta as the impact of significant increase in temperature in the increasing anthropogenic activities. city center. Furthermore, explained that According to Lubis (2010) in the 1970s the this phenomenon occurs due to the population of Jakarta amounting to four urbanization of the area. The same is also million people. But at the end of 1980 this studied by Hughes and Balling (1996) in number increased to 7.5 million people or several places in South Africa, using increased by more than 60 percent. This annual data (1885-1993). Findings indicate situation continues until the year 2010, the that there has been an increase in total population of Jakarta reached 10 temperature in several places in South million people, so the City of Jakarta as a Africa in three decade. Half of the study city with the second highest population showed temperature increase, especially in after New York (Central Bureau of the urban areas both in the daytime or at Statistics 2010). Basically, an increasing the night. However, the temperature number of people in a city, will increase increase in rural areas are not significant. the need for novelty, or urban facilities Furthermore, Hughes and Balling explain such as housing, roads, services, etc. that temperature increase that occurred in (Marcus & Detwyler 1985). this area contribute to the occurrence of Urbanization is occurring rapidly climate change in the southern hemisphere, since 1990 in the city of Jakarta have an and the more specific impact on the impact on existing land use pattern formation of Urban Heat Island changes. This is especially true in the city phenomenon (UHI) in this area. According and surrounding areas, even in the suburbs. Tursilowati et al. (2004); and Shaharuddin Changes in land use patterns is one of the & Noorazuan (2010) the temperature factors that affect the formation of UHI change in urban areas, in contrast to the phenomenon in urban areas (Rosmini et.al.

771

2011; Shaharuddin & Noorazuan 2006a; area is not used as an area of study aids Shaharuddin et.al. 2006b; Shaharuddin because the geomorphology of the area is et.al. 2008; and Shaharuddin et.al. 2010). mountainous. Therefore, geomorphological Therefore, this paper describes the changes conditions. and different topography in temperature trends and their causes the temperature difference exists implications for urban thermal comfort. between the two regions. Administration In general, temperature changes map of Jakarta City shown in Figure 1. have occurred in the city of Jakarta is very This study uses secondary data for 30 years significant since the 1990s. It is shown by (1981-2010) taken at the three the increase in the average temperature of measurement stations namely Kemayoran, 0.124°C per year (Avia, 2010). In this Pondok Betung, and Serang (Figure 1). context, one of the main focus of the study Next, to see how big the effect of variable is to review the existence trend of X to Y then used one-way model of temperature change phenomenon in simple regression equation presented by Jakarta. Haan (1979) is as follows: 2. Area of Study and Method Y=f(X. εi) This study uses data from three Where: measurement stations, namely Kemayoran Y is the temperature, as the response station in the city center, Pondok Betung variable, X is the year (time), the function of the independent variables, and εi are the station in the suburbs, and the Serang residuals. stations outside Jakarta City as the assistant. Jakarta City was the center of 3. Results and Discussion government, residential, trade, services, Based on the findings of the three stations industry and tourism city. namely Kemayoran, Pondok Betung and Areas of study aids is Tanggerang Serang to show that there has been an and Banten. Both of these areas directly increase in temperature in the city of adjacent to the City of Jakarta, then in Jakarta. A very significant increase, 2 geomorphology both regions have especially in urban centers with the R = 2 similarities with the City of Jakarta as the 0.975 in Kemayoran stations, R = 0.972 main study area. South of Jakarta City Pondok Betung station. However, in bordered by Bogor (West Java), but the Serang station is located in rural areas is

772 less significant with R2 = 0.324. R2 = 0.975 97.2 percent in Pondok Betung, and 32.4 means that the relationship between percent in Serang. In addition, the derived changes in temperature and time occurs at value of Y = 0.034x-40.28 in Kemayoran 97.5 per cent in Kemayoran stations and stations.

Figure 1. Administration Map of Jakarta City This means that an increase in temperature Figure 2 shows the trend of in this area are 0.03°C per year. This temperature changes in the study area relationship is significant at the confidence significant at a confidence level of 0.01 level 0.01. Then, the obtained value of Y = with the R2 is 97.5 percent of the stations 0.045x-63.86 Pondok Betung station, Kemayoran and 97.2 for Pondok Betung which means an increase in temperature in station, while the station Serang not the area of 0.05°C per year. While in significant with the R2 is 32.4 percent. This Serang obtained Y = 0.008x + 9.435, occurs because at that time the two areas, which means an increase in temperature in namely Kamayoran station and Pondok the area Serang station by 0.01°C per year. Betung experiencing rapid urbanization, The relationship is shown in Figure 2. while the station Serang insignificant.

773

Moreover, the impact of changes in trend of a significant increase in land use patterns in the two temperature from the beginning of the stations namely Kemayoran and Pondok study (1981) until the end of the study Betung very significant. It also explains the (2010), particularly its second phase (1991- existence of other factors such as the 2000). Meanwhile, the middle of the number of vehicles that emit CO2, lack of second phase (2001-2010) until the end of green spaces that can absorb CO2, and the the study appear to be constant. Therefore, growing population breathe O2 thus the increase in temperature is greatly producing CO2 into the atmosphere. influenced by the urbanization that Although the effect of these factors is only occurred since the early 1990s. At that 2.5 percent of the station Kemayoran and time, a lot of land-use change patterns of 2.8 percent for Pondok Betung station, but the natural land use and to the built-up and it can cause an increase in temperature and concrete (Lubis 2010). UHI phenomenon in the study area. Furthermore, the max-min Instead, different conditions occur temperature trends at the three stations are in Serang station that the effect of changes shown in Figure 4. In general, the results of land use pattern is not significant, that is showed the trend of max-min temperature 32.4 percent. The remaining 67.6 percent the highest in PondokBetung station with a are derived from other factors. However, it peak in 1983, then dropped sharply in 1986 doesn’t mean there isn’t development in and subsequently experienced fluctuations Serang, but the impact of development since 1987 to 2010. The same trend also activities on the environment temperature occurred in Serang stations except the increase, reduced by the amount of green temperature of max-min of the lowest in areas and water bodies. Both of them can the region corresponding to the occurrence raise the relative humidity in the air. of peak Pondok Betung station which is Thus, the increase in relative humidity can also recorded in 1983. Meanwhile, max- reduce the temperature rise. min temperature trends that occurred in Furthermore, the trend of rising Kamayoran station is lower than both the temperatures in the city of Jakarta, is previous station. It is happening since the shown by using "5 years running mean" beginning of the study (1981). shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the Furthermore, it increased slowly until

774 reaching a peak in 1983 which coincided Pondok Betung, and Serang. Max-min with the peak occurrence in Serang station. average temperature is the highest at 8.9°C Then it undergoes fluctuations slowly until occurred in Pondok Betung station with a 2010. difference of 10.2°C was recorded in 1997

(a) and the lowest was 7.1°C recorded in 1983.

Further, the station Serang with max-min

average temperature is 8.7°C, where the

highest difference was 10.7°C recorded in

1983 and the lowest was 7.9°C recorded in

1988. While the average temperature of

max-min the lowest is 7.4°C occurred in (b) Kemayoran stations, with the highest

difference is 8.3°C was recorded in 1983, but the lowest was 6.1°C recorded in 1996.

Although max-min temperature trends for the three stations namely

Kemayoran, Pondok Betung, and Serang

since 2003 for Kemayoran station, 2004 for Pondok Betung stations,

and 2006 for the station Sserang until now. This means that there has been a significant

increase in the minimum temperature in all three areas, particularly for Kemayoran Figure 2. Average temperature time series at three meteorological stations around stations located in the central city of Jakarta (a) Kemayoran station, (b) Pondok Jakarta. Betung station, and (c) Serang station

In this context, described the difference between the maximum temperature. and a minimum of three stations namely Kemayoran stations,

775

(a)

(b) Figure 4. Trend maximum and minimum temperature difference over the years in (a) Kemayoran station; (b) Pondok Betung station; and (c) Serang station (1 = 1981 30 = 2010)

Related to this, in the study area

showed a decrease in the temperature of max-min in Jakarta City except Pondok

Betung station. Although there isn’t a significant improvement and are assessed (c) to be not significant at the 0.05 level with the R2 = 0.060 for Pondok Betung stations,

and R2 = 0.055 for Serang station.

However, the reduction of the temperature

difference Kemayoran stations is

significant at confidence level of 0.01 and the R2 = 0.394. It means that the max-min

temperature changes with time occurred in Figure 3. The average temperature trend 39.4 percent of the stations Kemayoran, for 30 years (1981-2010) of rule “5-years running mean” in (a) Kemayoran stations; 6.0 percent for Pondok Betung stations, (b) Pondok Betung station; (c) Serang and 5.5 percent for Serang station. station (1 = 1981 30 = 2010)

776

In addition, the derived value of Y = - (a) 0.042x + 8016 in Kemayoran station means a reduction of temperature in Kemayoran stations from 0.04°C per year. A derived value Y = 0.016x + 8.600 means that an increase in temperature at the station Pondok Betung of 12.02°C per year. Meanwhile, the obtained value of Y = 8.973 + -0.018x in Serang, means a (b) reduction in temperature Serang station by 0.02°C per year (See Figure 5). 4. Conclusion In general, the study illustrates that there has been an increase in temperature in the city of Jakarta since the early 1980s until the present. The temperature rise is caused

by the process of urbanization as a result of

the increase in the speed of the population (c)

at that time. Increase the number of people

impacted to increase the amount of office

building construction, housing, streets

paved, and others. This impacts the

retained heat in the daytime, while it can’t

be released at night.

The temperature rise in Jakarta City

continues impact on thermal discomfort, Figure 5. The difference of maximum and particularly for the City of Jakarta. Thus, minimum temperatures over the years with the "5-years running mean" in (a) the required mitigation efforts, such as the Kemayoran stations; (b) Pondok Betung addition of precise green open space, station; and (c) Serang station making the roof garden, on the roof your home or office, managing the home page

777 into a green garden, and the others. It is to Maskell, K. (eds.), Climate Change be carried out by the authorities and the 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, local community Jakarta. Cambridge, pp. 133–192. Acknowledgements 7. Rosmini Maru, Shaharuddin Ahmad, Thank you very much to the government of Noorazuan Md. Hashim. 2011. South Sulawesi and Universiti Kebangsaan Perkembangan pulau haba bandar di Malaysia for financial support. bandaraya Jakarta, Indonesia. Kertas kerja Persidangan Kebangsaan References Geografi dan Alam Sekitar Ketiga. 1. Anon. 2013. Daerah Khusus Ibukota Anjuran Jabatan Geografi dan Alam Jakarta. Sekitar, Fakulti Sains Kemanusiaan, http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_K Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. husus_Ibukota_Jakarta.[7 September Perak, 8-10 Februari. 2013]. 8. Salinger, M.J., McGann, R., Coutts, 2. Avia, L.Q. 2010. Kondisi iklim Jakarta L., Collen, B. and Fouhy, E. 1992a. pada masa lalu dan masa kini. Temperature Trends in New Zealand Prosiding. Jakarta. Seminar Nasional and Outlying Islands, New Zealand Pemanasan Global dan Perubahan Meteorological Service, June 1992, 31 Global-Fakta, Mitigasi dan Adaptasi. pp. 3. Kruger, A.C. and S. Shongwe. 2004. 9. Shaharuddin & Noorazuan, 2006a. Temperature trends in South Africa: Changes in urban surface temperature 1960-2003. International Journal of in urbanized districts in Selangor, Climatology. Volume: 24: 1929–1945. Malaysia. Paper presented at the 3rd. 4. Lubis, F. 2010. Jakarta 1970-an, Bangi World Conference on Kenangan sebagai dosen. Jakarta. Environmental Management. Penerbit Ruas. Equatorial Hotel, Bangi. 5-6 5. Marcus, M.D. & Detwyler, T. 1985. September 2006. Perbandaran dan persekitaran: suatu 10. Shaharuddin Ahmad, Noorazuan Md. perspektif, Dlm Marcus, M.G. & Hashim & Yaakob Mohd Jani. 2006b. Detwyler, T. (pnyt.) Perbandaran dan Menangani fenomena pulau haba Persekitaran: Geografi fizikal Bandar. bandar (PHB) sebagai isu alam sekitar Hlm 1-27. Terj. Sulong Muhammad. di Malaysia khususnya di Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Kuala Lumpur. Dalam Stanislus et. al. Pustaka. (eds). Kemelayuan Indonesia dan 6. Nicholls, N., Gruza, V., Jouzel, J., Malaysia.Vol. 1. Jakarta. Departmen Karl, T.R., Ogallo, L.A. and Parker, Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata RI. Bab D.E. 1996. ‘Observed climate 40 variability and change’, in Houghton, 11. Shaharuddin Ahmad, Noorazuan Md. J.H., Meira Filho, L.G., Callander, Hashim & Yaakob Mohd Jani. 2008. B.A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A. and

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Perubahan iklim mikro dan Journal Of Climatology. Vol. 16,935- pembandaran: Satu penelitian terhadap 940 hubungan syruktur litupan dengan 17. Wong, N.H., Jusuf, S.K., Win, A.A.L., suhu permukaan. Kertas kerja yang Thu, H.K., Negara, T.S. & Xuchao, W. dibentangkan di International 2007. Environment study of the impact Conference on Change and of greenery in an institutional campus Transforming Spaces. Danau, UKM, in the tropics. Building and Bangi Environment 42: 2949-2970. 12. Shaharuddin Ahmad & Noorazuan 18. Zheng, X., Basher, R.E. and Md., Hashim. 2010a. Perubahan iklim Thompson, C.S. 1997. ‘Trend mikro di Malaysia. Fakulti Sains detection in regional-mean Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti temperature series: Maximum, Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi. minimum, mean, diurnal range, and 13. Shaharuddin Ahmad, Noorazuan Md. SST’, J. Clim., 10, 317–326. Hashim, Yaakob Mohd Jani, Kadaruddin Aiyub & Muhamad Fahmi Mahamod. 2010b. The effect of different land uses on the temperature distribution in urban areas. Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan di Persidangan SEAGA di Hanoi, Vietnam pada 23-26 November 2010. 14. Shaharuddin Ahmad. 2012. Mikroiklim bandar (perkembangan dan impak pulau haba bandar di Malaysia). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi. 15. Tursilowati, L., Adiningsih, E.S., Safrudin; Risdiyanto, I., Ubaidillah; & Yudho D. 2004. Perubahan Suhu Udara Akibat Perubahan Tata Guna Dan Penutup Lahan Di Jawa Barat. http://iklim.dirgantara- lapan.or.id/ index.php? option=com_ content& view= article&id=85&Itemid=78. (4 Disember 2012). 16. Warwick S. H. and Robert C. B., 1996. Urban influences on South African temperature trends. International

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