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Studies in Malesian Gentianaceae, VI. a Revision of <I>Utania</I> in the Malay Peninsula with Two New Species

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Studies in Malesian Gentianaceae, VI. a Revision of <I>Utania</I> in the Malay Peninsula with Two New Species Plant Ecology and Evolution 147 (2): 213–223, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2014.971 REGULAR PAPER Studies in Malesian Gentianaceae, VI. A revision of Utania in the Malay Peninsula with two new species M. Sugumaran1 & K.M. Wong2,* 1Rimba Ilmu Botanic Garden, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569 *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Background – Utania is a resurrected name for a monophyletic group previously placed as Fagraea section Racemosae, part of the Fagraea taxonomic complex, which currently includes five recognised genera. Methods – A revision of the genus in the Malay Peninsula was carried out using conventional methods of herbarium taxonomy. The specimen holdings of the K, KEP, KLU, L and SING herbaria were consulted. Results – Six species are recognised for Utania in the Malay Peninsula, including two new species, U. austromalayensis and U. nervosa. Three new combinations are made: U. maingayi, U. peninsularis and U. racemosa, the last for a species of Indo-China, Thailand, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, which does not extend to Borneo and eastwards. Key words – Diagnostic key, Fagraea complex, Malaysia, Potalieae, Potaliinae, Singapore, Southeast Asia, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION episodic and the branches variously form orthotropic com- plexes (Fagraea s.s. and Picrophloeus), or extend plagio- In light of the molecular phylogenetic studies of the Fagraea tropically by apposition (Cyrtophyllum) or through modular complex by Sugumaran & Wong (2012), it was possible to growth (Limahlania); also the leaves on branches are decus- circumscribe various genera based on monophyletic groups, sate (Wong & Sugumaran 2012). each of which was distinguishable by a number of morpho- logical characters. In the taxonomic framework proposed by Species of Utania do not produce resin at their vegeta- Wong & Sugumaran (2012), the earliest valid name for the tive terminal buds or a gummy translucent or creamy latex Racemosa clade, previously treated as Fagraea section Rac­ in their fruit epidermis and fruit wall, as can be found in the emosae Benth. (Bentham 1856: 99) in the broad concept of other genera of the Fagraea s.l. complex. The inflorescence Leenhouts (1962), was identified as Utania Don (Don 1838: of Utania is generally a pendulous elongate panicle with cy- 663). Three other clades that were obtained in their analyses mose branching, in which the branch pairs are condensed (viz., the Fagraea, Gigantea and Elliptica clades), and the and distinctly shorter than the rachis; here we use the term isolated F. crenulata Maingay ex Clarke (Hooker 1883: 83) ‘rachis’ for the main inflorescence axis distal to the peduncle, lineage, were, respectively, distinguished as Fagraea Thunb. as defined by Jackson (1928) and Beentje (2012). The other sensu stricto (Thunberg 1782: 132), Cyrtophyllum Reinwardt genera mentioned bear only a solitary flower or branched (Reinwardt 1825: 8), Picrophloeus Blume (Blume 1826: cymes where the basal branches are nearly as long as the ra- 1019), and Limahlania K.M.Wong & Sugumaran (Wong & chis. Fruits of Utania (both fresh or dried) have a firm fruit Sugumaran 2012: 491). wall and epidermis that does not come off easily, whereas in Among members of that complex, Utania appears to be the other genera the fruit wall is relatively soft at maturity, very well distinguished from the other genera by Roux’s tree with the epidermis coming off easily and often wrinkled in architectural model (Hallé et al. 1978), in which the main or- dried material. thotropic (stem) axis shows continuous growth with decus- Fagraea section Racemosae was revised for Borneo by sate phyllotaxis, and the branches are plagiotropic with the Wong & Sugau (1996), and the required nomenclatural trans- leaf pairs in a single plane. The distichously arranged leaves fers to Utania for Bornean taxa are validated in Wong et al. on the branches are easily observed even in herbarium mate- (2013). The present contribution is a revision of the genus rial. In all the other genera of this complex, stem growth is for the Malay Peninsula. All rights reserved. © 2014 Botanic Garden Meise and Royal Botanical Society of Belgium – ISSN 2032-3921 Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147 (2), 2014 MATERIAL AND METHODS tropic, monopodial, with continuous growth; developing branches that are plagiotropic (Roux’s architectural mod- The study was carried out using conventional herbarium ap- el fide Hallé et al. 1978); bark becoming fissured in older proaches. Specimens at the K, KEP, KLU, L and SING her- trees. Vegetative shoot apices non-resinous. Leaves on or- baria (acronyms follow Thiers continuously updated) were thotropic (stem) axes decussately arranged, those on plagio- examined, comparing key morphological attributes of both tropic branches distichously arranged; margin entire; petiolar vegetative and reproductive (including inflorescence, flower sheaths of a leaf pair fused to form a shallow cup-like ochrea and fruit) parts. In addition, JSTOR images of type speci- that loosely clasps the stem; petiolar base auricles absent. mens at BM, G-DC, K, L and SING were also checked. Inflorescence terminal, a many-flowered and branched pen- When material includes flower buds, open flowers or dulous cyme. Flowers bisexual, small to medium-sized, up fruits, this was noted and annotated in the specimen listings to 25 mm wide at the mouth; calyx lobes 5; corolla white (see under each taxon below) as fb, fl or fr, respectively. to creamy white, corolla lobes 5, overlapping to the right; stamens 5, typically not to slightly exserted; anthers versa- tile, hastate; style not to slightly exsert; stigma peltate. Fruit TAXONOMIC TREATMENT small to medium-sized, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, up to 15 mm in diam.; colour at maturity pale to dark brown; with- Utania Don (Don 1838: 663); Wong & Sugumaran (2012: out latex in fruit epidermis or fruit wall; epidermis not sepa- 492). – Type species: Utania morindifolia G.Don (Don 1838: rating from pericarp (fruit surface firm and appearing smooth 663) = U. volubilis (Wall.) Sugumaran (see below). in herbarium specimens). Seeds numerous; placentation ax- Kuhlia Reinwardt (Reinwardt 1825: 6), nom. illeg., non ile; polygonal; surface areolate. Kunth (in Humboldt et al. 1825: 234). – Type species: Kuhlia Distribution and diversity – Indo-China (Cambodia, South morindifolia Reinw. (Reinwardt 1825: 7). Vietnam), Thailand, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Ma- Kentia Steudel (Steudel 1840: 845), nom. illeg., non lay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Maluku, the Adanson (1763: 508). – Type species: Kentia morindifolia Philippines and New Guinea. About fifteen species. Steudel (Steudel 1840: 845). Habitat – Lowland forests below 1000 m elevation (includ- Small to medium-sized trees usually 1 to several metres ing dryland tropical evergreen rainforest and seasonal for- tall, occasionally reaching to about 30 m tall. Trunk ortho- ests, and periodically inundated tropical freshwater swamp Key to Malay Peninsula species of Utania 1. Flowers with pedicels 6–18 mm long and calyx lobes 8–11 mm long and 6–10 mm wide; leaf margin distinctly recurved when dried.........................................................................................2. U. maingayi 1. Flowers with pedicels up to 5 mm long and calyx lobes up to 6 mm long and 5 mm wide; leaf margin flat even after drying..............................................................................................................................2 2. Leaves with 10–16 pairs of secondary veins; peduncle of mature inflorescence (bearing open flowers) 5–7 mm diam. and 0.8–1(–2) cm long; infructescence peduncle 5–8 mm diam...............3. U. nervosa 2. Leaves with 3–7 pairs of secondary veins; peduncle of mature inflorescence (bearing open flowers) 1–3(–4) mm diam. and (1–)3–8(–10) cm long; infructescence peduncle 1–4 mm diam.......................3 3. Corolla narrowly funnel-shaped (corolla mouth less than to about 3 times the diam. of the lower narrowed part of the tube); corolla lobes very short, less than 3 mm long, only about 1/4 to 1/5 the length of the broadened upper part of the corolla tube.......................................1. U. austromalayensis 3. Corolla broadly funnel-shaped to campanulate (corolla mouth more than 3–4 times the diam. of the lower narrowed part of the tube); corolla lobes 5 mm long or more, more than half the length of the broadened upper part of the corolla tube...............................................................................................4 4. Inflorescence branching to 1 order only on the lowest branching tier; corolla mouth 7–8 mm wide; leaf with 3–4 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary and higher-order veins not visible in dried specimens.....................................................................................................................4. U. peninsularis 4. Inflorescence branching to 2 or more orders on the lowest branching tier; corolla mouth 10–17 mm diam.; leaf with 5–7 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary and higher-order veins distinct to at least faintly visible in dried specimens.......................................................................................................................5 5. Rachis in the distal half of the flower-bearing part of the inflorescence and infructescence thinner than (or as slender as) the proximal rachis and peduncle; flowering and fruiting tiers above the basal 1–2 tiers
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