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Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History Edited by Lena Struwe and Victor A Cambridge University Press 0521809991 - Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History Edited by Lena Struwe and Victor A. Albert Index More information Index Page numbers in bold indicate the main description of the tribe, subtribe, or genus in Chapter 2. Taxonomic rank for all groups except families, genera, and species, as well as some generic synonyms, are indicated in parentheses. Adenolisianthus 141, 525 morphological data 196, 315, 333, 335, distribution 137–8 353 number of species 24, 138 palynological data 378, 379, 476–7, palynology 170–1, 377, 379, 381, 394, 479 421–3, 468 phytochemical data 598 phylogeny 468, 557 phytochemistry 330, 586, 593, 598, seed anatomy 523, 557 601 Africa seed anatomy 539–40 floras 270–1 vegetative morphology 195, 320, 321 generic diversity 14–15 Anti-inflammatory activity 612 Agathotes 235 (= Swertia) Anti-psychotic activity 612 Aliopsis 229, 246 (= Gentianella) Ants 161, 210 Aloitis 229, 246 (= Gentianella) APG (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) 194 Anagallidiinae (subtribe) 54 Apiales (order) 3 Anagallidium 54, 235 (= Swertia) Apocynaceae 2, 3, 4, 6, 311 Analgesics 612 chromosome number 329 Anatomy evolution of habit 335 flower see Floral anatomy and Floral flower morphology 7 anatomy under specific groups fruit morphology 9 pollen see Palynology habit 10 seed see Seed anatomy under specific mycorrhiza type 319 groups and Seeds number of species 11 Androecium see Stamens and Flower palynology 378, 379 morphology under specific groups phylogeny 40, 42, 44, 331, 332 Anemarrhena 604 molecular data 9, 29–37, 30, 31, 35–7, Anthers see Stamens 40, 336 Anthocleista 4, 6, 195–6, 539–40 morphological data 316, 331, 333, biogeography 196–7 335–6 chromosome number 329 phytochemistry 329, 330 dispersal 9 pollination 7 distribution 190, 193, 195 Aripuana 137–8, 141–4, 164, 165, 528–9 floral anatomy 323 distribution 138 flower morphology 192, 195 fruits 8 fruit morphology 8, 195–6, 325 number of species 24, 138 germination 508 palynology 171, 377, 379, 381, 394, 408, habit 10, 195 423, 468, 480 number of species 25, 190, 195 phylogeny palynology 213–14, 216, 324, 377, 379, molecular data 149 381–2, 452–3, 476–7, 479 pollination 7 phylogeny seed anatomy 529, 558 molecular data 29, 197 Asclepiadaceae 3 633 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521809991 - Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History Edited by Lena Struwe and Victor A. Albert Index More information 634 Index Asia South America 66, 136, 182–90, 191, floras 271–2 196–7, 220–1, 264–5 generic diversity 14–15 highland/lowland taxa 151, 187–90 Asterales (order) 2, 3, 555 refugia hypothesis 186–7 Asteranthe 224 white-sand species 151, 157, 187, 221 Asteridae (subclass) 3–4, 7 austral origin 16, 103–7, 182 Auricles see Vegetative morphology Boreotropics hypothesis 220–1, 265, 268 Australia climatic changes 186–7, 191 floras 270–1 Cretaceous 104, 135 generic diversity 14–15 endemicity 188–9 Gondwanic patterns 16, 103–7, 135, Bark 59–60 182–3, 206, 220–1 Bartonia 5, 222–3, 224–5 long-distance dispersal 105, 136, 220 biogeography 263–5 neotropical patterns 181–2 dispersal 505 Neotropics 136, 182–90, 219, 220–1 distribution 224 paleotropics 103, 136, 219 floral anatomy 322–3 pantropical patterns 103–8, 193, 196–8, number of species 25, 224 203, 206, 219–21 palynology 65, 249 Quaternary 186–90, 262–6 phylogeny 559 temperate origin 262–6 molecular data 29, 245 temperate patterns 262–6 morphological data 314, 333–4, 354 tepui 66, 182, 184, 187–90 phytochemistry 601 Tertiary 104, 262–6 seed anatomy 503, 549–50, 559 transatlantic disjuncts 136–7, 219–21, 266 trophy 320 white-sand species 157, 182, 187–90, 212 vegetative morphology 321 Bisgoeppertia 108, 110, 113 Belmontia 85, 511; see Sebaea classification 112 Bentham, G. 1, 56–7, 76, 110, 112–3, 194, distribution 110 224 number of species 24 Biogeography palynology 65 Chironieae 135–7 phylogeny 335 Exaceae 103–8 seed anatomy 514–15, 557, 559 Faroinae 13, 190, 193, 200, 219 Bitters 574, 611; see also Pharmacology Gentianaceae 14, 15, 22, 23, 28 Blackstonia 108, 111, 113, 126, 136, 137, Gentianeae 262–6 224, 517–18 Helieae 13, 138–9, 186–9, 191 chromosome number 329 Lisianthiinae 219 classification 112 Potalieae 219–21 distribution 111 Saccifolieae 66 embryology 326 Swertiinae 263–4 flower morphology 322–3 Africa 103–6, 137, 196–7, 265 germination 508 Andes 154, 182, 184, 189, 264–5 number of species 24 Asia, temperate 262–6 phylogeny 119, 206, 314, 332–3, 335, 354 Asia, tropical 103–7, 136, 197 phytochemistry 586, 593, 598, 599, 601 Australia 103, 106, 265 seed anatomy 511, 517–19 Brazilian Shield 66, 136, 154, 182–3, vegetative morphology 320 186–90 Boraginaceae 31 Canary Islands 137 Boreotropics hypothesis 220, 265 Caribbean 154, 182–3 Brachycodon 379, 472–3 (= Irlbachia) Central America 197, 203, 220–1 Bracts see Inflorescence Europe 262–6 Buddlejaceae 4 Guayana Shield 66, 136, 182–90, 221 Indian Ocean basin 103–7, 136, 196–7 C-Glucoflavones 574, 604–9, 610 Madagascar 103–6, 196–7 Calathiana 54 (= Gentiana) New Zealand 265 Calathiinae (subtribe) 54 North America 137, 262–6 Calolisianthus 137–8, 144–5, 164–5, 524–6 Panama isthmus 136, 220–1, 262–3 biogeography 182 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521809991 - Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History Edited by Lena Struwe and Victor A. Albert Index More information Index 635 distribution 138 phylogeny number of species 24, 138 morphological data 315, 332–3, 335, palynology 171, 377, 379, 381, 394–5, 355 423–4, 468–9, 479 palynological data 377, 469, 479 phylogeny pollination 8 molecular data 29, 149 seed anatomy 524–5, 557 morphological data 468–9, 479 Centaurium 108, 114–15, 123, 126, 508, phytochemistry 601 516–17, 524–7 pollination 8 biogeography 137 seed anatomy 523–5, 557 chromosome number 328, 329 Calyx classification 112 Potalieae 211 dispersal 5–6 aestivation 39 distribution 114 fusion 39, 148, 168, 192, 211, 223 embryology 326 glands 5, 39 floral anatomy 321–3 homeotic mutation 169 germination 508 intracalycine membrane 223, 238–9 number of species 13, 15, 24 keels 39, 68–70, 168, 211 paraphyly 13, 127 persistence 140, 142, 169 pharmacology 611 raised veins 192, 198 phylogeny 314, 332–3, 335–6 reduced sepal number 234 phytochemistry 582, 586, 590, 592–3, 598, wings 39, 68–70, 73, 168 601 zygomorphy 68, 223 pollination 7, 324 Campanulaceae 10 section Canscora 108, 111, 114, 117, 125–6, 224, Gyrandra 127 519–20, 592–3 seed anatomy 328, 516–17 classification 112 vegetative morphology 320–1 distribution 111 Central America embryology 326, 499 floras 275 flower morphology 111, 114, 321–3 generic diversity 14–15 number of species 24 Chelonanthus 137–8, 145–7, 164–5, 524–6, phylogeny 114, 314, 333–5 557 phytochemistry 592–3, 598–9, 601, 604–5 distribution 138, 146, 182, 184 seed anatomy 504, 519–20 nomenclature 146 subgenus number of species 24, 138 Canscora 111 palynology 172, 377, 379, 381, 426–9, Heterocanscora 111 434, 469–70, 480 Pentanthera 114, 117 phylogeny 468–9 Phyllocyclus 114, 120 molecular data 149, 197 vegetative morphology 111, 114, 321 phytochemistry 586, 601 Canscorinae (subtribe) 108, 125–6 pioneer species 187 classification 50 pollination 8 distribution 125 seed anatomy 523–6, 557 key 47 wood anatomy 320 number of genera 24, 50 Chemistry see Phytochemistry number of species 50 Chinese medicine 579; see also phylogeny 135–6, 556 Pharmacology and Ethnobotany molecular data 125–6 Chionogentias 229, 246 (= Gentianella) seed anatomy 513, 519–21, 556 Chironia 108, 115, 123, 126–7, 513–14, 612 Caryophyllaceae 7 biogeography 137 Celiantha 138–9, 145, 524–6 classification 112 biogeography 182 dispersal 507 distribution 138 distribution 115 flower morphology 321–2 exudates on seeds 560 number of species 24, 138, 145 floral anatomy 323 palynology 171–2, 324, 377, 379, 381, fruit morphology 325 395–9, 424–6, 469, 479 number of species 24 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521809991 - Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History Edited by Lena Struwe and Victor A. Albert Index More information 636 Index Chironia (cont.) number of species 24 palynology 129 phylogeny 335 phylogeny 314, 332–3, 335, 356 phytochemistry 601 phytochemistry 586, 593, 598–9, 601 seed anatomy 517 pollination 324 Cladistics see Phylogeny under specific seed anatomy 502, 513 groups and Molecular systematics vegetative morphology 320–1 Classification 24–7, 40–4, 48–55 Chironiaceae 48 as diversity assessment 10 Chironieae (tribe) 23, 67, 108–10 historical 56 biogeography 135–7 Chironieae 110–13 chromosome number 127 Exaceae 66–7, 71–7 classification 49–51, 112–13 Gentianaceae 1–2, 5, 311–16, 377–9, exudates on seeds 560 478–80, 555 flower morphology 7 Gentianeae 224 key 47 Helieae 140–1, 377, 466–76, 479 number of genera 12, 24, 49, 108 Lisianthius vs. Lisyanthus 146–7, 377 number of species 11, 12, 49, 108 Potalieae 194–5 number of subtribes 24 Saccifolieae 56–7, 379 palynology 128–35, 379, 414–21, 465 molecular data 29–37, 335–6; see also phylogeny 108, 119, 123–8, 333, 334, 465, Molecular systematics 556–7 morphological data 310–75 molecular data 40, 42, 44, 49, 124 overview of new classification 24–7, phytochemistry 601, 611 48–54 seed anatomy 513–23, 556–7 palynological data 377–97 taxonomic history 110 phytochemical data 574, 589–90, 610 Chironiinae (subtribe) 108 seed data 498–571 classification 49 Cleistogamy 39, 68, 86, 90 key 47 Clusiaceae 584, 585 number of genera 12, 24, 50 Colla, L. A. 71 number of species 12, 50 Colleters 4, 39, 59–60, 128, 140, 161, 166, phylogeny 126–8,
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