Using the Living As Proxies in the Politics of the Dead: U.S. Grave Exhumation in the Soviet Zone of Germany, 1945-1953

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Using the Living As Proxies in the Politics of the Dead: U.S. Grave Exhumation in the Soviet Zone of Germany, 1945-1953 Using the Living as Proxies in the Politics of the Dead: U.S. Grave Exhumation in the Soviet Zone of Germany, 1945-1953. By Jacquelyn G. Olson Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of History of Vanderbilt University In partial fulfillment of the requirements For Honors in History April 2020 “A war is only over when the last soldier is buried” Russian General Alexander Suvovov (1799) ii TABLE OF CONTENTS IN MEMORIUM ....................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... vi Background to National Duty ............................................................................................... ix Preexisting Scholarship ........................................................................................................ xv CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................ 1 AGRC Activity: France .......................................................................................................... 3 Postwar Commemoration ....................................................................................................... 4 AGRC Protocol ...................................................................................................................... 5 Temporary Cemeteries, Community Caretakers .................................................................. 17 A Change in Strategy: Movement toward Repatriation ....................................................... 20 Addendum: Other Liberated Countries in Western Europe ................................................. 27 CHAPTER TWO...................................................................................................................... 30 Wasted Time ........................................................................................................................ 32 A Devil’s Deal: DPs as Negotiation Pawns (April 1947-March 1949) ............................... 38 Finally, Exhumation Progress .............................................................................................. 51 The Survival of the Soviet Repatriation Mission ................................................................. 61 Moving Forward ................................................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................. 68 British Exhumation Units in the Soviet Zone ...................................................................... 70 Origins of the WASt ............................................................................................................. 71 “Underground” Partners: AEK Relations with East Germany............................................. 76 Compromise: British Berlin Detachment Lives On ............................................................. 81 Limited Recognition, Unending Commitment ..................................................................... 84 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 87 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 93 iii IN MEMORIUM This thesis is dedicated to Technical Sergeant Benjamin H. Stedman and all those who remain missing in former East Germany. May they rest in peace wherever they may be. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is almost impossible to properly acknowledge the process, the embedded self- growth, and the perpetual emotional and mental marathon this thesis required. From a spark of inspiration in fall 2017 during one lecture in Professor Emily Greble’s “Muslims in Modern Europe” course to now, I am incredibly grateful for all the support I have received from mentors, colleagues, friends, and family. I am deeply thankful for the Vanderbilt History Department in awarding me a Casebier Grant for research in Germany, which supported me on a two-week journey in February 2019 that changed my life. During my trip, I met with local historians, including Norbert Wagner, a neighborhood photographer, Johann Karl, and a DeutschlandFunk journalist, Julia Tieke. I rode with Maik Lamolla, the curator of the Garnison Museum, to the Zehrensdorf Cemetery. I am also grateful for his patience in sitting with me in the closed museum during the off-season so I could spend hours in the freezing kitchen archives. Most importantly, I thank my host, Brigit Kolkmann, for her hospitality and community connections during my ten-day stay in Wünsdorf/Zossen. The journey did not stop there. Upon reflecting on my research trip, I shifted focus and am grateful for my communications with historian Seumas Spark and RAF historian Stuart Hadaway, the two lone British scholars to ever mention British exhumation in the Soviet Zone of Germany. I am indebted to Hadaway as he sent me crucial primary documents from the U.K. National Archives and British Royal Air Force Archives by post. During my time back at Vanderbilt, I am thankful for my essential correspondence with Professor Jochen Hellbeck at Rutgers University and Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author, Rick Atkinson. This project would not have been possible without their advice and archival connections, especially at the U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. I must also mention the incredible work of Vanderbilt’s Central Library staff, namely Inter-Library Loan. Thank you, Jim Toplon and Rachel Adams, in particular. At the National Archives II at College Park, Maryland, I am thankful for the Textual Records Division, especially Timothy Nenninger and his crew, for decoding my antiquated microfilm footnotes. Without them, the Baltic DPs would never have been given their due credit for U.S. exhumation. I am also thankful for fate by sitting me next to Professor John Moremon, a New Zealand WWII exhumation scholar in the reading rooms. I am incredibly grateful for our email correspondence and his copies of NARA documents. Above all, I am indebted to my thesis advisors, Professors Helmut Smith, and Joel Harrington. After countless office hour visits, email correspondence, phone calls, and Zoom chats, they made me produce my best work. Research that would have certainly made my twelve-year-old self, one who wore “Rosie the Riveter” t-shirts and collected military insignias from flea markets and sand from each D-Day beach, proud. Thank you. v Death’s Birth: The End’s Beginning “The nation which forgets its defenders will itself be forgotten” -Calvin Coolidge, 19201 The former Woodstock Community Hospital janitor from McHenry County, Illinois climbed aboard the British Avro Lancaster bomber right before 17:50 on Thursday, January 20, 1944. Born in 1915, Technical Sergeant Benjamin Howell Stedman had enlisted in the army a month prior to the January mission, and was posted to the British No 97 Squadron in Cambridgeshire, England at the Royal Airforce (RAF) Bourn base.2 As the only American attached to the bomber, Stedman joined six British men as the rear gunner for the day bombing campaign over Germany.3 After completing ten successful missions, the bomber, operated by recently married pilot Cyril Wakley from London, had orders to conduct its first night bombing over Berlin.4 Directed toward Berlin, the Lancaster bomber crossed the English Channel carrying a payload of 14,000 pounds on the night of January 20. Upon reaching German skies, however, the crew lost contact with the command headquarters. Shot down by flak, the burning Lancaster bomber crashed into a field next to the town of Zossen, approximately thirty kilometers south of Berlin. Three men successfully bailed out, surviving to become prisoners- 1 Bill Warnock, The Dead of Winter: How Battlefield Investigators, WWII Veterans, and Forensic Scientists Solved the Mystery of the Bulge’s Lost Soldiers (New York: Chamberlain Bros., 2005), 2. 2 “Archive Report: Allied Forces: 20/21.01.1944 No 97 Squadron Avro Lancaster III ND367 OF-K P/O Cyril Arthur Wakley,” Aircrewremembered.org, accessed January 23, 2020, http://aircrewremembered.com/wakley- cyril.html. 3 “Service Overview, Ben H Stedman,” HonorStates.org, accessed January 22, 2020, https://www.honorstates.org/index.php?id=332266; Ibid. 4 Martin Bowman, Bomber Command Reflections of War: Battleground Berlin, July 1943-March 1944 (United Kingdom: Pen and Sword, 2012), Chapter One, Unmarked Page. vi of-war at the Stalag Luft IVB- Mühlberg camp near Dresden.5 The remaining four men, including Stedman who hung on a tree, his parachute aflame, died.6 Two days after the failed mission, local Germans from the surrounding area buried the three British men and Stedman in the local cemetery, the “Hero Cemetery at Zehrensdorf,” as it had been dubbed in a 1925 local newspaper.7 By 1944, “Hero Cemetery,” located near the secret telecommunications underground bunkers for all operational fronts in Nazi Germany, hosted a wide array of dead.8 The Zehrensdorf cemetery was originally the final resting place for villagers in the 19th century and later became the burial grounds for POWs from two special camps during the First
Recommended publications
  • World War II
    ‘We Will Remember Them ’ RONALD JACK ARGENT RAFVR 1389316 Flight Sergeant 102 (Ceylon) Squadron Royal Air Force Ronald Argent was born about 1923, the son of John and Margaret Annie Argent. Before the war he worked at Pettit's Dairy in Little Coggeshall. He joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and at the time of his death was flying Halifaxes with 102 Squadron RAF out of Pocklington in Yorkshire . 102 Squadron was a heavy bomber squadron and part of No. 4 Group (Bomber Command). It was re-equipped with the Handley Page Halifax in 1942 and adopted by the island of Ceylon in the same year. The Squadron took part in each of the three historic 1,000-bomber raids in May/June 1942 and, later, in the battles of the Ruhr, Hamburg, and Berlin. On 4th December 1943, Halifax JD303 DY-S was airborne at 00:17 hours from RAF Pocklington as part of a bombing raid on Leipzig. The aircraft crashed at Luderitz, 9 kilometres north-west of Tangerhutte (cause not established). Five members of the crew, including Ronald Argent, were killed and two were taken prisoner by the Germans. Those killed were initially buried on 5th December 1943 at Luderitz. Their graves are now located in the Berlin 1939—1945 Cemetery. The site of Berlin 1939-45 War Cemetery was selected by the British Occupation Authorities and Commonwealth War Grave Commission officials jointly in 1945, soon after hostilities ceased. Graves were brought to the cemetery from the Berlin area and from eastern Germany. The great majority of those buried here, approximately 80 per cent of the total, were airmen who were lost in the air raids over Berlin and the towns in eastern Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Raaf Personnel Serving on Attachment in Royal Air Force Squadrons and Support Units
    Cover Design by: 121Creative Lower Ground Floor, Ethos House, 28-36 Ainslie Pl, Canberra ACT 2601 phone. (02) 6243 6012 email. [email protected] www.121creative.com.au Printed by: Kwik Kopy Canberra Lower Ground Floor, Ethos House, 28-36 Ainslie Pl, Canberra ACT 2601 phone. (02) 6243 6066 email. [email protected] www.canberra.kwikkopy.com.au Compilation Alan Storr 2006 The information appearing in this compilation is derived from the collections of the Australian War Memorial and the National Archives of Australia. Author : Alan Storr Alan was born in Melbourne Australia in 1921. He joined the RAAF in October 1941 and served in the Pacific theatre of war. He was an Observer and did a tour of operations with No 7 Squadron RAAF (Beauforts), and later was Flight Navigation Officer of No 201 Flight RAAF (Liberators). He was discharged Flight Lieutenant in February 1946. He has spent most of his Public Service working life in Canberra – first arriving in the National Capital in 1938. He held senior positions in the Department of Air (First Assistant Secretary) and the Department of Defence (Senior Assistant Secretary), and retired from the public service in 1975. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree (Melbourne University) and was a graduate of the Australian Staff College, ‘Manyung’, Mt Eliza, Victoria. He has been a volunteer at the Australian War Memorial for 21 years doing research into aircraft relics held at the AWM, and more recently research work into RAAF World War 2 fatalities. He has written and published eight books on RAAF fatalities in the eight RAAF Squadrons serving in RAF Bomber Command in WW2.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Decades Airfield Research Group Magazine
    A IRFIELD R ESEARCH G ROUP M AGAZINE . C ONTENTS TO J UNE 2017 Four Decades of the Airfield Research Group Magazine Contents Index from December 1977 to June 2017 1 9 7 7 1 9 8 7 1 9 9 7 6 pages 28 pages 40 pages © Airfield Research Group 2017 2 0 0 7 2 0 1 7 40 pages Version 2: July 2017 48 pages Page 1 File version: July 2017 A IRFIELD R ESEARCH G ROUP M AGAZINE . C ONTENTS TO J UNE 2017 AIRFIELD REVIEW The Journal of the Airfield Research Group The journal was initially called Airfield Report , then ARG Newsletter, finally becoming Airfield Review in 1985. The number of pages has varied from initially just 6, occasio- nally to up to 60 (a few issues in c.2004). Typically 44, recent journals have been 48. There appear to have been three versions of the ARG index/ table of contents produced for the magazine since its conception. The first was that by David Hall c.1986, which was a very detailed publication and was extensively cross-referenced. For example if an article contained the sentence, ‘The squadron’s flights were temporarily located at Tangmere and Kenley’, then both sites would appear in the index. It also included titles of ‘Books Reviewed’ etc Since then the list has been considerably simplified with only article headings noted. I suspect that to create a current cross-reference list would take around a day per magazine which equates to around eight months work and is clearly impractical. The second version was then created in December 2009 by Richard Flagg with help from Peter Howarth, Bill Taylor, Ray Towler and myself.
    [Show full text]
  • Natten Mellem Den 7. Og 8. Marts 1945
    F/Sgt B Lukins og hans besætning fra No. 75 Squadron, der bombede Dessau natten mellem den 7. og 8. marts 1945. Besætningen, der overlevede krigen, kastede en 4000 HC samt fem stk 750 lb clusters No. 15 med brandbomber over Dessau. De fløj denne nat Lancaster III PB418 'C'. No. 75 Squadron på RAF Mepal afsendte denne nat 13 Lancasters til Dessau. Alle eskadrillens fly bombede Dessau og vendte tilbage selv om det var tæt på, da F/Lt Spilman i Lancaster I LM276 'S' mødte et fjendtligt fly. Besætningens rapport lyder: 'At pos 51.36N 09.31E at 21.02 Lancasterr I LM276 the mid upper gunner sighted a Fw 190 attacking from Port Quarter Above at 600 yards, he immediately opened fire and gave order to corkscrew Port holding constant fire until enemy aircraft broke away at 300 yards to Starboard Quarter Down, diving vertically. Hits were observed on wings and fuselage of enemy aircraft which did not open fire and did not make a further attack. This FW 190 claimed as damaged'. Natten mellem den 7. og 8. marts 1945 Der har været skrevet meget om 8th Air Force og Bomber Commands angreb på mål i den østlige del af Tyskland i løbet af februar og marts 1945 - især Operation Thunderclap, men også en lang række kystbyer samt maritime mål blev bombet i denne periode. I februar 1945 var indsatsen mod maritime mål som følger: Mål Dato for angreb Udførende Antal Tons enheder fly kastet Poorterhaven 3. feb. RAF BC 19 96 Ymuiden 3. og 8.
    [Show full text]
  • 427 Be in the Dark! and I Didn't Know If the Bloody Aeroplane Was Going To
    be in the dark! And I didn't know if the bloody aeroplane was going to fall on some town or other, so I decided that I would not jump until I was out of petrol. In a Mosquito, you could go quite a long way, you see - you could be over the south coast, or you could even be up in the Pennines, or somewhere else, quite quickly. And the situation was getting worse and worse. I could have been over the North Sea, and I hadn't got the right safety equipment for surviving in the sea. Anyway, by the Grace of God [via his excellent Guardian Angel again!] my mental course was spot on, and after what seemed like two years sitting there in the pitch dark, keeping this thing upright, I saw the red beacon [of Warboys]! And I went in and landed! You wouldn't believe that, would you? It was simple. Nothing happened - no enemy fighters - nothing at all! So Ford was probably genuine, though I didn't know at the time whether they were or not. I think it was the generator that had gone, and the battery just went flat [In Pilot's Notes for the Mosquito T.III - a generator on the starboard engine and a battery supply electrical power at 24 volts. There is no Emergency Procedure listed for complete electrical failure!]. I'd switched everything off to conserve what was left of the battery, and just had enough to faintly hear Ford, which at least gave me a position! I sometimes think about that, and I think, God, how bloody frightening that was!' On 30th July 1944, Tom was posted to No 105 Squadron, Bourn, which is seven miles west of Cambridge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Magazine of RAF 100 Group Association
    . The magazine of RAF 100 Group Association RAF 100 Group Association Chairman Roger Dobson: Tel: 01407 710384 RAF 100 Group Association Secretary Janine Bradley: Tel: 01723 512544 Email: [email protected] www.raf100groupassociation.org.uk Home to Memorabilia of RAF 100 Group Association City of Norwich Aviation Museum Old Norwich Road, Horsham St Faith, Norwich, Norfolk NR10 3JF Telephone: 01603 893080 www.cnam.co.uk 2 Membership Areas Each dot represents an area where there is a cluster of members Big dots show where members of the RAF 100 Group Association Committee live Members also live in the following countries: Northern Ireland Canada Austria China Germany Australia U.SA South Africa Thailand Brazil New Zealand 3 Dear Friends I have been deeply moved and overwhelmed by the deluge of post and emails received offering shared experiences, photographs and material for my book: RAF 100 Group – Kindred Spirits: voices of RAF & USAAF on secret Norfolk airfields during WWII . It includes a chapter by author Stephen Hutton on ‘ The Mighty 8 th ’s Squadron of Deception’ , and a Foreword by Wing Commander K J Weeks-Dix OBE, AFC, QCVSA, RAF (Ret’d). There are also a growing number of veterans who have given their signatures. As the publishers insisted this be done 100 times by those who were able, packages have been going backwards and forwards from country to country while I felt like a School Ma’am dishing out lines for lateness! My humble and heartfelt thanks to you all. However, having been unexpectedly approached by a second publisher, I have now been commissioned to write a 3-book series about RAF 100 Group Operations and the very real difference to operations the introduction of electronic warfare made during WWII.
    [Show full text]
  • A 97 (Straits Settlements) Squadron, Path Finder Force Aircrew
    A 97 (Straits Settlements) Squadron, Path Finder Force Aircrew. 27th April 1943 – 11th May 1944 Contents Page Number Forward 4 The Original Crew 5 - 6 97 (Straits Settlements) Squadron 7 - 8 Original Individual Crew Members 9 Sgt WN Roberts Pilot/Captain RAF (Flying Officer Roberts DFM) 9 - 30 Sergeant JR Chapman RCAF Mid Upper Gunner RCAF (Warrant Officer 31 -34 DFC) 1072007 Sergeant DED Harvey Wireless Operator RAFVR (Pilot Officer 34 - 40 DFM) 138589 Pilot Officer LC Jones, Bomb Aimer RAFVR (Flt Lt DFC) 40 - 42 658210 Flight Sergeant Samuel Joseph Peek DFM Navigator 43 - 47 Number 8 (Path Finder Force) Group 47 - 48 General Facts Regarding Air Crews 48 - 49 97 Squadron Operations Record Book August – December 1943 49 - 106 1172743 Warrant Officer Victor Allenby Davis DFM RAF (Time Line 50, 97 & 70 - 93 582 Squadrons) 97 Squadron Operations Record Book January – June 1944 110 - 172 134059 Flight Lieutenant Arthur William Weston RAFVR Navigator (Time 111 - 120 Line 9 & 97 Squadrons) NZ414691 Flight Lieutenant JB Smith DFC RNZAF (Time Line 466 & 97 137 - 163 Squadrons) 537312 Sergeant A R Rowlands RAF (Time Line 19 Squadron, RAF Jurby, 163 - 168 South Africa, 86 Maintenance Unit, 41 Air School South Africa, 61 Maintenance Unit and 97 Squadron) J17360 Flying Officer Sherman Air Gunner RCAF (Time Line: B Company 2nd 178 - 193 Battalion Canadian Scottish CASF, 49 & 97 Squadrons) LESQUIN COMMUNAL CEMETERY 194 - 195 RAF Coningsby 196 Life in the PFF: Keeping a Lancaster Flying 197 2 References 198 - 200 Appendix A: 97 Squadron Combat Report
    [Show full text]
  • Aviation Heritage Centre
    East Lincolnshire An aviation guide through East Lincolnshire locating active RAF stations, former airfield sites and memorials Whilst every care has been taken to ensure accuracy of the information contained in this publication, East Lindsey District Council cannot accept responsibility for any inaccuracies contained herein, nor does inclusion in this publication imply recommendation. © East Lindsey District Council 2016 Publishers: East Lindsey District Council. Research and editorial: Howard Heeley, Down to Earth Promotions. Design: Compass Point Business Services Contents Map To Grimsby HOLTON LE CLAY Contents NORTH COATES N Tetney North Cotes Marshchapel DONNA NOOK MAP NOT DRAWN NORTH THORESBY TO SCALE A1 8 Fulstow Grainthorpe North Somercotes Covenham East Lincolnshire | East Lincolnshire LUDBOROUGH Reservoir A16 BinbrookBINBROOK Saltfleet A 1031 Utterby Alvingham | East Lincolnshire KELSTERN North Fotherby Cockerington THEDDLETHORPE A631 Louth Saltfleetby To Market LUDFORD MAGNA Grimoldby St. Peter Theddlethorpe St. Helen Rasen South South Cockerington Elkington Theddlethorpe A157 0 B120 MANBY All Saints Mablethorpe Donington Legbourne Abbreviations North Coates Other Memorials on Bain Trusthorpe A157 PAGE 4 Little PAGES 18 & 19 PAGES 30 - 33 Withern Sutton A Cawthorpe STRUBBYThorpe 16 on Sea Cadwell Woodthorpe East Barkwith Maltby Sandilands MARKET STAINTON le Marsh Introduction Spilsby BBMF Visitor Centre 2 A5 A1 To Wragby Scamblesby PAGE 5 Lincoln Aby 0 PAGES 20 & 21 PAGE 34 Ruckland 4 11 A11 Bilsby Belchford Anderby Bardney
    [Show full text]
  • Oxford to Cambridge Expressway Corridor Assessment Report 2018
    Oxford to Cambridge expressway Corridor Assessment Report 2018 Contents 0. Executive summary .................................................................................................................................. 1 0.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 0.2 Project Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 2 0.3 Description of Corridors .............................................................................................................................. 6 0.4 Common Corridors existing conditions ....................................................................................................... 8 0.5 Corridor A existing conditions ................................................................................................................... 10 0.6 Corridor B existing conditions ................................................................................................................... 12 0.7 Corridor C Constraints and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 14 0.8 Sifting Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 16 0.9 Detailed Assessment of Corridor A ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Black Thursday
    © aircrewremembered.com Black Thursday, 16/17 December 1943, came one month into the Battle of Berlin, Bomber Command’s all-out attempt to win the war by attacking the German capital and other key cities. But it was not the enemy which caused the mass RAF casualties of Black Thursday, but Bomber Command’s perennial enemy – the weather. On the night of 16 December, the system for getting RAF bomber aircraft safely back to their bases fell apart. The survivors of the very large force of 483 Lancasters and 15 Mosquitoes which had taken part in the bombing raid on Berlin reached England safely only to find that the light mist of the afternoon had turned into a deadly peasouper of a fog, blanketing the country as far up as Yorkshire. Black Thursday, as the day was soon called, saw the loss of twenty-five Lancasters during the Berlin operation but a further thirty-one lost due to the fog over England, crashed or abandoned when their crews baled out, or in the case of two unfortunate crews collided over Lincolnshire. Other aircraft—Stirlings, Halifaxes and Lysanders, variously on gardening, training or Special Duties flights—also crashed due to the fog. In total, Bomber Command suffered 327 deaths and lost 70 aircraft on this day. The death toll for the bad weather crashes in England was close to 150, not counting those who later died of their injuries. 97 Squadron’s losses were the heaviest of all. 97 Squadron was a three-flight squadron, meaning that it had 21 operational aircraft and a number of spares, bringing its approximate aircraft strength to 28-30 aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Böhlen - Tankanlæg Med Beskyttelsesmure Og I Færd Med at Få Monteret Sløring
    Böhlen - Tankanlæg med beskyttelsesmure og i færd med at få monteret sløring. Böhlen Böhlen, der ligger syd for Leipzig, havde været udsat for to angreb indenfor de sidste uger. Natten mellem den 19. og 20. februar angreb No. 5 Group det syntetiske olieanlæg med 254 Lancasters og 6 Mosquitoes, men angrebet blev en fiasko - til dels fordi Master Bomberen, W/Cdr Benjamin, blev skudt ned af luftværnsskyts under angrebet. Den 2. marts bombede 96 B-17 fra 1st Air Division Böhlen, men heller ikke dette angreb satte anlægget tilstrækkeligt ude af drift. Natten mellem den 5. og 6. marts skulle Böhlen angribes af fly fra No. 5 Group og fra HQ Bomber Command fik No. 5 Group ordre til at stille følgende styrke for angrebet: 53 Base 65+ 54 (106) 15+ (Flare and Marker Force) 55 Base 84+ 56 Base 49+ Omsat til antal fly fra underlagte eskadriller blev følgende antal fly afsendt: No. 44 Squadron 17 Lancasters No. 49 Squadron 19 Lancasters No. 50 Squadron 19 Lancasters No. 57 Squadron 21 Lancasters No. 61 Squadron 18 Lancasters No. 83 Squadron 13 Lancasters No. 97 Squadron 14 Lancasters No. 106 Squadron 14 Lancasters No. 189 Squadron 16 Lancasters No. 207 Squadron 16 Lancasters No. 227 Squadron 16 Lancasters No. 463 Squadron 15 Lancasters No. 467 Squadron 15 Lancasters No. 619 Squadron 19 Lancasters No. 630 Squadron 17 Lancasters No. 627 Squadron 10 Mosquitoes Angrebet skulle gennemføres sideløbende med angrebet på Chemnitz. No. 5 Group opererede ofte som en selvstændig enhed i Bomber Command og angreb andre mål end de øvrige Groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Ltd Bourn Airfield Cambridgeshire Transport Assessment – 2019 Update
    COUNTRYSIDE PROPERTIES (UK) LTD BOURN AIRFIELD CAMBRIDGESHIRE TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT – 2019 UPDATE DECEMBER 2019 COUNTRYSIDE PROPERTIES (UK) LTD NEW VILLAGE AT BOURN AIRFIELD CAMBRIDGESHIRE TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT – 2019 UPDATE DECEMBER 2019 Project Code: CPBOURNAIRFIELD.1 Prepared by: RG Approved by: IM Issue Date: December 2019 Status: FINAL Mayer Brown Limited, 10 Fitzroy Square, London W1T 5HP Telephone 0207 874 1588 [email protected] www.mayerbrown.co.uk Countryside Properties (UK) Ltd Bourn Airfield Cambridgeshire Transport Assessment – 2019 Update List of Contents Sections 1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 2 Description of the development ....................................................................................... 19 3 National, Regional and Local Transport Related Planning Policies .................................. 27 4 Highway Authority Recommendation for Cambourne West ............................................. 54 5 Existing Accessibility ....................................................................................................... 59 6 Transport Proposals Coming Forward ............................................................................. 68 7 Distribution and assignment of trips ................................................................................. 74 8 Trip Generation and Traffic Impacts ................................................................................ 78 9 Access
    [Show full text]