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Böhlen - Tankanlæg Med Beskyttelsesmure Og I Færd Med at Få Monteret Sløring

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Böhlen - Tankanlæg Med Beskyttelsesmure Og I Færd Med at Få Monteret Sløring Böhlen - Tankanlæg med beskyttelsesmure og i færd med at få monteret sløring. Böhlen Böhlen, der ligger syd for Leipzig, havde været udsat for to angreb indenfor de sidste uger. Natten mellem den 19. og 20. februar angreb No. 5 Group det syntetiske olieanlæg med 254 Lancasters og 6 Mosquitoes, men angrebet blev en fiasko - til dels fordi Master Bomberen, W/Cdr Benjamin, blev skudt ned af luftværnsskyts under angrebet. Den 2. marts bombede 96 B-17 fra 1st Air Division Böhlen, men heller ikke dette angreb satte anlægget tilstrækkeligt ude af drift. Natten mellem den 5. og 6. marts skulle Böhlen angribes af fly fra No. 5 Group og fra HQ Bomber Command fik No. 5 Group ordre til at stille følgende styrke for angrebet: 53 Base 65+ 54 (106) 15+ (Flare and Marker Force) 55 Base 84+ 56 Base 49+ Omsat til antal fly fra underlagte eskadriller blev følgende antal fly afsendt: No. 44 Squadron 17 Lancasters No. 49 Squadron 19 Lancasters No. 50 Squadron 19 Lancasters No. 57 Squadron 21 Lancasters No. 61 Squadron 18 Lancasters No. 83 Squadron 13 Lancasters No. 97 Squadron 14 Lancasters No. 106 Squadron 14 Lancasters No. 189 Squadron 16 Lancasters No. 207 Squadron 16 Lancasters No. 227 Squadron 16 Lancasters No. 463 Squadron 15 Lancasters No. 467 Squadron 15 Lancasters No. 619 Squadron 19 Lancasters No. 630 Squadron 17 Lancasters No. 627 Squadron 10 Mosquitoes Angrebet skulle gennemføres sideløbende med angrebet på Chemnitz. No. 5 Group opererede ofte som en selvstændig enhed i Bomber Command og angreb andre mål end de øvrige Groups. No. 5 Group indførte følgende i deres dagbog om angrebet på Böhlen: '249 Lancaster and 10 Mosquitoes were detailed, 1 was cancelled, 248 Lancastrers and 10 Mosquitoes took off, 5 returned early, 230 were successful, 16 failed, 2 were outstanding and 5 are missing. There was 10/10ths cloud in layers of varying density from 2000-11000 feet. 1 Red TI was dropped but was quickly engulfed in cloud and Wanganui marking was therefore called for. Aircraft bombed on these flares and several bomb bursts on the plant were reported by crews. there was slight to moderate heavy flak and slight light flak. The smoke screen was in operation and there was some evidense of fighters over the target and several inconclusive combats. Three aircraft attacked Chemnitz and one Leipzig. PRU cover shows extensive damage to the coal drying plant and some additional damage to the briquetting plant which is now severely damaged'. Ovenstående rapport er rigtig nok, men den er lidt udvandet i forhold til, hvordan angrebet i virkeligheden forløb. Angrebsordren indløb til No. 5 Group om formiddagen den 5. marts klokken 10.30 og man havde kun ganske få timer til at klargøre til angrebet på Böhlen, idet starttidspunktet fra flyvepladserne i England var sat til omkring klokken 17.00. Briefing for besætningerne blev holdt klokken 13.30. Kodebetegnelsen for dagens mål var GQ1514A og der var udarbejdet tre markeringspunkter for angrebet: Primary H0520 V0490 Sekundært H0540 V0830 Common Target Point H0635 V0380 H-Hour var sat til klokken 21.50 og angrebet var sat til at vare syv minutter. De forskellige flyvepladser havde ordre til at sprede tidspunktet for bombningen for de enkelte fly, så de dækkede perioden jævnt. Hver Lancaster i hovedstyrken medførte 2.154 gallons brændstof samt en Cookie plus 500 lb sprængbomber af forskellige slags. Stick spacing var sat til 15 yards. Starten fra de forskellige flyvepladser forløb godt og Lancasterne satte kursen ud over Den Engelske Kanal. Ruten til Böhlen var som følger: Hjemmeflyveplads, Reading (punkt A), 50.00'N 02.00'E (punkt B), 50.00'N 05.00'E (punkt C), 50.30'N 07.20'E (punkt D), 50.45'N 09.30'E (punkt E), 51.38'N 11.32'E (punkt F), 51.35N 12.06E (punkt G) og frem til Chemnitz. Efter bombningen skulle No. 5 Group følge nedenstående rute hjem til England: Målområdet, 50.55'N 12.32'E (punkt H), 49.00'N 11.50'E (punkt J), 48.25'N 08.40'E (punkt K), 48.50'N 05.00'E (punkt L), 50.00'N 02.00'E (punkt B), Reading (punkt A) og frem til hjemmeflyvestation. Belært af tyske intrudere et par nætter tidligere havde besætningerne ordre på ikke at tænde deres navigationslys på vejen hjem, før de befandt sig under indflyvning til deres hjemmeflyvepladser. No. 630 Squadron gav en god beskrivelse af flyvningen til og fra Böhlen: 17 aircraft took off between 17.00 and 17.30 hours and set course on time over Base. All aircraft after setting course over Base flew below cloud (between 2/3000 feet) to Reading, climbing when clear of strato cumulus to a height band of 6 to 9000 feet, wasting time South of Reading and rejoining the stream by position B. The low cloud ran out soon after Reading and all aircraft climbed in the clear until reaching the French Coast, when a layer of stratus was cleared at 8000 feet. After position B aircraft made a slow climb to a height band of 9/12000 feet by position D, windowing between 06 degrees East and 08 degrees East as we passed the Ruhr. Persistent con trails were observed from about 08 degrees East onward at about 14000 feet, all running parallel and above our track and from then on frequent combats were observed. 8 aircraft being seen going down in flames between 08º E and 1130º E there being about 10/10ths strato cumulus at 6000 feet this increasing in height as we reached the target area. After position E aircraft climbed to supporting height band of 14000 feet to 15000 feet passing through hazy alto stratus just before position F. A collision was observed at this turning point parts of broken wing seen falling in the reflected glow from the cloud below. On tracking into the target more hazy cloud was experienced this clearing just before the target. the Green Wanganuis Dripping Reds were observed to go down underneath and slightly behind. An orbit was made to Starboard losing height to bombing height of 13/14000 feet. More TI's and flares were observed falling on target through about 9/10th cloud. H Hour was at 21.50 supporting runs H - 10 to H - 7 and our TOT H + 3 to H + 7. Controller seemed satisfied that marking was in Target area, one TI being Bang up against a factory chimney. The centre of Greens were hard to pick as the Germans had dropped two spoof green TI's some distance North and South of Bohlen. Huge Red glows were seen to light up the cloud. After the target and fast let down to 1500 to 2000 feet above ground level was the flight plan but at that height icing was experienced, som crews flying in it, the majority flying over the cloud to about 1300 feet and coming home over the front. Bases were clear for landed and all aircraft returned safely. Average time airborne being 10.20 hours. Selve bombningen af Böhlen var nøje befalet. Klokken H-11 skulle de primære Blind Markers kaste grønne målmarkeringsbomber over Target Point. Faldskærmsblus skulle oplyse målet fra klokken H-9 og genforsynes klokken H-7 og H-4. Herefter skulle Mosquitobesætningerne så hurtigt som muligt efter H-9 markere det primære markeringspunkt med røde målmarkeringsbomber og hvis Master Bomber mente, at de var placeret korrekt, ville disse markeringer blive markeret igen. Hvis Mosquitoerne ikke var i stand til at afmærke det primære målmarkeringspunkt skulle de om muligt kaste deres markering over Target Point Direct. Hvis røg eller skydække skulle umuliggøre visuel udpegning af både primær og Target Point skulle Mosquitoerne markere det sekundære punkt med røde målmarkeringsbomber. Hvis dette heller ikke var muligt ville Master Bomber beordre Mosquitoerne til at supplere de grønne målmarkeringsbomber fra Primary Blind Marker med deres røde TI. Hvis skyer dækkede over målområdet skulle Blind Markers kaste Wanganui faldskærmsblus med røde stjerner. Disse ville kaskade fra 7.000 fods højde og skulle kastes i serier af fem blus. I tilfælde af at dette blev nødvendigt ville Master Bomberne udsende 'Sky, Sky, Sky' over radioen. Hvis tyskerne anvendte falske målmarkeringer ved Böhlen var Lancasterbesætningerne advaret om, at disse af Pathfinderne ville blive afmærket med gule målmarkeringsbomber for at annullere dem. Endelig kunne Mosquitobesætningerne kaste Wanganui Flares Red med grønne stjerner for at markere, at man ønskede flere lysbomber. Mosquito IV fra No. 627 Squadron, der var den eneste eskadrille i No. 5 Group, som var udrustet med Mosquito. No. 627 Squadron var i marts 1945 udstyret med flere forskellige Mosquito typer (Mk. IV, XVI, XX og XXV).Eskadrillen fløj sit første bombetogt den 24. november 1943, hvor man bombede Berlin. Sidste bombeangreb fandt sted den 25. april 1945, hvor 10 af eskadrillens Mosquitoes blev afsendt mod olieanlægget ved Tonsberg i Norge. Master Bomberen kunne befale hovedstyrken til at bombe efter følgende instrukser (og i følgende prioriteret orden): a. Attack red TI A-Able, in which case crews are to aim the centre bomb of the stick at the Red TI using the false wind vedtor to be broadcast by this HQ at H-5. b. Attack Red TI B-Baker, in which case crews are to aim the centre bomb of the stick at the Red TI direct using the direct bombing wind to be issued by this Hq at H-5. c. Attack Red TI C-Charlie, in which case crews are to aim the centre bomb of the stick at the Red TI, jusing the direct bombing wind to be broadcast by this HQ at H-5 but delaying release of bombs for 28 seconds and making good a track of 184 degrees true, or as amended by Master Bomber.
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