Metal and Rubber Layouts

NER LIS E GY CONSERVATION SPECIA TS

METAL AND RUBBER LAYOUTS

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers 9602 M L King Jr. Hwy. Lanham, MD 20706 Phone: (301) 731-9101

Table of Contents

Measurements Reducers Segmenting a Baseline in Equal Parts...... 1 Concentric Reducer...... 53 Diameter/Radius/Circumference...... 2 Concentric Reducer International...... 55 Ellipse Layout Band/Paper Method...... 3 Eccentric Reducer International...... 57 Miter Measurements...... 4 Hog Nose...... 60

Tees Square To Round Equal Square to Round...... 65 Bisecting...... 7 Square to Round Offset...... 67 Trisecting...... 9 Unequal Head Gores Unequal International...... 11 Tank Head Layout Gores...... 71 Unequal Shortcut...... 14 Standard Head Gores...... 73 Oblong Bonnet...... 15 Swirl Layout Head Gores...... 76 Elliptical Quarter Tee...... 17 Equal Mono Tee...... 18 Rubber Rubber Reducer (Concentric)...... 83 Gores Rubber Mono Tee...... 85 90˚ Radial Line Development...... 21 Rolled Rubber Edge...... 87 Elbow Gores with Equation...... 23 90 Welded Elbow (Long Radius)...... 89 Elbow Butterfly...... 25 90 Welded Elbow (Short Radius)...... 90 Butterfly 90 Shortcut...... 28 Rubber Reducing 90...... 91 Butterfly 90...... 29 Segmented 90...... 30 Gore Pattern (Shortcut)...... 32 Reducing 90s...... 33

Lateral Y Negative Lateral Y Layout...... 39 Lateral Y (Positive)...... 41 Unequal Lateral Y and Body...... 43 Rigid Material Lateral Y...... 46 Roof Drains...... 47 Pants ...... 49

Dividing a baseline into equal spac es

SEGMENTING A BASELINE IN EQUAL PARTS

Whatever your circumference is, you take the number of equal spaces you want, and find a number that is greater than the length and divisible by the number of equal spaces you want to achieve. Then put your ruler at an angle with zero at the beginning of your circumference and to the number you came up on the end of your circumference. Now put a mark at each of the multiple amounts.

Example: Metal is 30” long and if you want 12 equal spaces. 36” is greater than 30” and divisible by 12, so put your ruler on an angle from 0 – 36. When you divide 36 by 12 you get 3”, so every 3” on your angled ruler put a mark. Now just transfer those marks down to your baseline at 90 degrees.

Whatever your circumference is, you take the number of equal spaces you Stepwan 1:t, Draw and baseline find athe nu lengthmbe ofr your tha circumference.t is greater For than this example, the leng our th and divisible by the circumference will be 30 inches. number of equal spaces you want to achieve. Then put your ruler at an Step 2: Draw vertical lines going up at each end of your circumference. angle with zero at the beginning of your circumference and to the number Step 3: Determine the number of segments you want. For this example, we will be doing 12you segments. came Find up a onnumber the that end is larger of you thanr your circu circumferencemferenc ande. Nowdivisible pu byt the a mark at each of number of segments that you need. So, we will be going with 36 (more than 30 and divisiblethe mu bylti 12).ple amounts.

Step 4: Place your ruler on a slant, with one end at zero and the other end at 36. Since 12 goesExample into 36 three: Meta times,l is we 30 will” belon markingg and every if you 3 inches wan ont our 12 ruler. equal spaces. 36” is greater

Stepthan 5: Make30” andvertical divisible lines going upby from 12 ,your so baseline put you in throughr ruler the on marks an youang made.le from 0 – 36. When you divide 36 by 12 you get 3”, so every 3” on your angled ruler put a mark. Now just transfer those marks down to your baseline at 90 degrees.

1 Three Measurements you’ll need to

Know

Three Measurements you’ll need to

Know Diameter Know Three Measurements you’ll need to (Distance across the center of a circle)

Know DIAMETER / CIRCUMFERENCE / RADIUS Radius (Distance from center of circle)

Diameter There Diameter are three measurements you’ll need to know: (Distance across the center of a circle) (Distance across the center of a circle) Circumference Diameter Diameter: (Distance across the center of a circle) (Distance around the outside of the circle)

(Distance across the center of a circle)

Radius Radius

Radius (Distance from (Distance center of from circle) center of circle) (Distance from center of circle) Radius: (Distance from center of circle to the outside)

Circumference Circumference Circumference (Distance around the outside of the circle) (Distance around (Distance the outside around of thethe circle)outside of the circle) Circumference: (Distance around the outside of the circle)

NOTES: Radius = ½ the diameter Circumference = diameter X 3.14 (pi)

2 Ellipse layout Band/Paper Method

Step 5: Rotating the Band and keeping the center line marks on the Major Axis and Minor axis lines the outer mark will make your Ellipse

ELLIPSE LAYOUTEllipse BAND/PAPER layout METHOD

Band/Paper Method

Example: We’ll be making a 5 ¾ x 3⅛ ellipse

3 1 Example: We’ll be making a 5 /4 x 3 /8 ellipse Step 6: Use a Band or a flexible steel rule to connect your reference points.

Step 1: Draw crosshairs a few inches bigger than the

Steheightp 1: Draw and Cross width hairs of a your few inches ellipse bigger. than Ellipse 3⅛ the height and width of your

Step 2: Mark the width of your ellipse on the horizontal Step 2: Mark the width of your Ellipse on the line and the height of your ellipse on the vertical line. horizontal line, and the height of your Ellipse on 5¾ the vertical line.

Step 3: With a band or a piece of paper, mark the

distance from the center of your crosshairs to one of Step 3: the outer With amarks band or on a pieceyour of major paper axis.mark the distance from the center of your cross hairs to one of the outer marks on your Major Axis.

Step 4: Rotate your band 90°, putting one of your marks on the minor axis point and marking the center

point on your band.

Step 4: Rotate your band 90° putting one of your marks on the Minor axis point and mark the center point on your band. Step 5: By rotating the band and keeping the center line marks on the major axis and minor axis lines, the outer Ellipse layout mark will make your ellipse. Band/Paper Method

Step 6: Use a band or a flexible steel rule to connect your reference points. Step 5: Rotating the Band and keeping the center line marks on the Major Axis and Minor axis lines the outer mark will make your Ellipse

Step 6: Use a Band or a flexible steel rule to connect your reference points.

3 Determining How many Miters you’ll need for your Sweep, or Tank Head

Step 1: Swing an arc that will represent the insulated portion of the system that you’re making miters for. (i.e. if you have a 36” tank with two inches of insulation swing an arc with a 38” radius or if you’re making miters/gores for a sweep that is 6x1½ with a 42” CLR you’ll swing an arc that is equal to your CLR plus ½ the O.D. of your covering)

Step 2: Using a straight edge draw a line that touches a portion of your arc. (Tangent line)

Step 3: measure each side of your arc where it pulls away from your tangent and there is only about ⅛” gap. Measure the distance between those two points. (That Determining How many Miters you’ll neeMax distanced fo r is the max measurement you want for your miter)

MITER MEASUREMENTS your Sweep, or Tank Head

Step 4: Take your max miter distance and divide it by your overall insulated tank circumference or the overall length of your insulated Heel. To get insulated circumference multiply diameter of your insulated tank by Pi. Determining How many Miters you’ll need for To get the overall length of your heel multiply the Step 1: Swing an arc that will represent the radius of the heel (CLR+ ½ O.D.) by 1.57 Step 1: Swing an arc that will represent the insulated your Sweep, or Tainsulatednk H portionead of the system that you’re portion of the system that you’re making miters for. making miters for (i.e., if you have a 36” (i.e. if you have a 36” tank with two inches of insulation tank with two inches of insulation, swing swing an arc with a an arc with a 38”38” radius or if you’re making radius, or if you’re making miters/gores for a sweep that is 6x1miters/gores for a sweep that½ with a 42” CLR is 6x1½ you’ll swing an awith a 42” CLR,rc that is equal to your CLR plu you’ll swing an arc thats ½ the is Step 1:equal to your CLR plus ½ the O.D. of your O.D. of your covering) Swing an arc that will represent the insulated portion of the system that you’re making miters for. covering). (i.e. if you have a 36” tank with two inches of insulation Step 2:Step Using a straight edge draw a line that touches a 2: Using a straight edge, draw a line swing an arc with a portion of your arcthat touches. ( a38” radius or if you’re making Tangent line) portion of your arc (tangent miters/gores for a sweep that is 6x1line). ½ with a 42” CLR Step 3: you’ll swing an ameasure each side ofrc that is equal to your CLR plu your arc where it puls ½ the ls away from your tangent and thereStep 3: Measure each side ofis only about ⅛” gap your arc . O.D. of your covering)where it pulls away from your tangent Measure the distance between those two points. (That and there is only about 1/8” gap. Measure Max distance is the max measurement you want for your miter)Step 2:the Using a straight edge draw a line that touches a distance between those two points. portion of your arcThat is the max. (Tangent line) measurement you want

for your miter. Step 3: measure each side of your arc where it pulls

away from your tangent and there is only about ⅛” gap. Step 4: Take your max miter distance and divide it by Measure the distance between those two points. (That your overall insulated tank circumference or the overall is the max measurement you want for your miter) Max distance length of your insulated Heel. To get insulated circumference multiply diameter of

your insulated tankStep 4: Take your by Pi . max miter distance and

To get the divideoverall it by yourlength of your heel m overall insulatedultiply the tank

radius of the heel (CLR+ ½ O.D.) by 1.57circumference or the overall length of your Step 4: Take your max miter distance and divide it by insulated heel. your overall insulated tank circumference or the overall

length of your insulated Heel.To get insulated circumference, multiply To get insulated circumference multiply diameter of diameter of your insulated tank by Pi. your insulated tank by Pi. To get the To getoverall the overalllength of your heel m length of yourultiply the heel, radius of the heel (CLR+ ½ O.D.) by 1.57multiply the radius of the heel (CLR+ ½ O.D.) by 1.57.

4 NOTES

5 NOTES

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers

EQUAL TEE (BISECTING)

Equal Tee Step 1: Draw a right angle. (Bisecting)

Step 2: Set your dividers to half of the outside diameter of the pipe covering and draw a quarter circle from the apex. 1 0 2 Step 3: Divide the quarter circle into four equal segments and label 0 through 4. 3

4 Apex

Step 4: Using a square, draw horizontal lines from the vertical line through points 1, 2, and 3.

Step 5: Set your dividers using one of the measurements 0 1 on the arc. 2

4 Apex

Step 6: With this setting, walk your dividers across the horizontal lines and mark as follows: Line one, 1 time Line two, 2 times Line three, 3 times 0 1 2 Line four, 4 times

3 Step 7: Connect the outside marks on the

4 horizontal lines and cut out the pattern. Apex

Step 8: This pattern is used for both the body and bonnet. Remember to incorporate a lap when transferring the pattern to metal. Pattern

2 of 2

StepEQUAL 9: Use TEEthe (BISECTING) continued pattern as shown for the bonnet. Add for Step 9: Use the pattern as shown for the bonnet. Add for notches for a water shed notches for a water 2 of 2

when necessary. shed when 2 of 2 Step 9: Use thenecessary.

Step 9: Use the pattern as shown for pattern as shown for the bonnet. Add for the bonnet. Add for notches for a water 2 of 2 notches for a water shed when shed when necessary. necessary. Step 9: Use the pattern as shown for the bonnet. Add for

notches for a water shed when necessary.

Step 10: Mark the center of the metal. Use the pattern for Step 10: Mark thethe centerbody. of the metal. Use the pattern for the body.

Step 10: Mark the center of Step 10: Mark the center of the metal. Use the pattern for the metal. Use the pattern for the body. the body.

Step 10: Mark the center of the metal. Use the pattern for the body.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 8

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

EQUAL TEE (TRISECTING)

Equal Tee Step 1: Draw a right angle.

(Trisecting) Step 2: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and draw a ¼ arc.

Step 3: With your dividers still set to your radius, trisect your ¼ arc.

Step 4: Measure out a ¼ of your circumference from your apex.

Step 5: Using a square, draw a horizontal line through the mark on the lower portion of your arc.

Step 6: Set your dividers to one of the measurements on your ¼ arc.

Step 7: Walk your dividers over 2x on the upper horizontal line, and make a mark.

Step 8: Connect the 3 points of reference as shown in the figure to the left. Cut out. This is your Pattern.

Step 9: Use the pattern as shown for the bonnet. Add for notches for water shed when necessary.

9 EQUAL TEE (TRISECTING) continued

Half Bonnet with LapsHalf Bonnet with Laps Half Bonnet with Safety Half Bonnet with Laps Half Bonnet withHalf Safety Bonnet with Safety

edges

Half Bonnet with laps Half Bonnet with safety edges

Step 10: Mark the center of the metal. Use Step 10: Mark thethe centerStep pattern 10:of the Mark for the the body. center of the Step 10:metal. Mark Use the centerthe pattern of the for the body. metal. Use themetal. pattern Use for the the pattern body. for the body.

Circumference of covering CircumferenceCircumference of covering of covering

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers

UNEQUAL TEE (INTERNATIONAL)

1 of 4 Unequal Tee Unequal Tee Step 1: Set up 90° angles and draw lines Step 1: Set up 90° angles and draw lines

B and C from Baseline (A). This B and C from InternationalBaseline Association (A). of Heat This and Frost develops Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 develops Apex #1 and Apex #2. Apex #1 and Apex #2.

Draw two-quarter circles. Draw two-quarter circles. st Quarter Circle #1 is drawn (from 1 Quarter Circle #1 is drawn (from 1st apex) l apex) after setting dividers to A the after setting dividers to lA the outside outside diameter of the larger pipe diameter of the larger pipe including insu- including insulation. lation. Quarter Circle #2 is drawn (from 2nd apex) nd Quarter Circle #2 is drawn (from 2 after setting dividers to Vi the diameter of apex) after setting dividers to Vi the the smaller pipe including insulation diameter of the smaller pipe including insulation Step 2: Divide the smaller quarter circle into 4 equal parts. Step 2: Divide the smaller quarter circle Step 3: Extend the division lines through into 4 equal parts. the points on the smaller quarter circle Step 3: Extend the division lines through (parallel to the baseline) across to the larger the points on the smaller quarter circle quarter circle. (parallel to the baseline) across to the larger quarter circle. Step 4: On the first reference drawing, draw a line perpendicular to the baseline,

from any point between the quarter circles. This line will be used as a measuring line to Step 4: On the first reference drawing, the points on the larger quarter circle. draw a line perpendicular to the base line, from any point between the quarter Step 5: To begin the stretchout, set your dividers using one of the equal segment circles. This line will be used as a measurements on the arc of the smaller measuring line to the points on the larger quarter circle. quarter circle. Transfer setting to the strechout line and Step 5: To begin the stretchout, set your 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 mark off nine equal marks dividers using one of the equal segment measurements on the arc of the smaller quarter circle. Transfer setting to the strechout line and mark off nine equal marks

11 International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 UNEQUAL TEE (INTERNATIONAL) continued

Draw new lines through new marks, perpendicular to baseline.

Set dividers to marks on the layout.

Step 6: Measure from this new line over to #1 and transfer this measurement to the strechout on both #1’s.

Complete this process for the remaining numbers.

Step 7: Connect marks to form half pattern. If the bonnet is done in 2 pieces, on one half, add one equal setting on each side for laps.

3 of 4 UNEQUALUnequal TEE (INTERNATIONAL) 3Tee of 4 continued Unequal Tee

And add a 3/8 inch safety edges on 3 of 4 And add a 3/8 inch safety edges on Unequal Tee each side of the other half. each side of the other half. Add a 3/8 inch safety edges on each side And add a 3/8 inch safety edges on Add notches for a watershed when Add notches for a watershed when of the other half. each side of the other half. necessary. necessary. Add notches for a watershed when Add notches for a watershed when necessary. necessary. 3 of 4 Unequal Tee

And add a 3/8 inch safety edges on Hole Pattern Hole Pattern each side of the other half. Hole Pattern Add notches for a watershed when necessary.

Step 8: For the hole pattern layout drawing,

Hole Pattern draw a baseline with a perpendicular line rising from the center and both ends. Using the reference drawing Figure 1, Step 8: For the hole pattern layout Step 8: For the hole pattern layout transfer the measurements of the arc on drawing, draw a baseline with a drawing, drawLayout a baseline Drawing with a the largeLayout quarter Drawing circle to the baseline. Stepperpendicular 8: For the linehole rising pattern from layout the center perpendicular line rising from the center Step 9: Using the reference drawing Figure drawing,and both draw ends. a baseline with a and both ends.Layout Drawing perpendicular line rising from the center 2, set dividers from the baseline to where Using the reference drawing Figure 1, Using the reference drawing Figure 1, each line intersects the large quarter circle. andtransfer both theends. measurements of the arc on transfer the measurements of the arc on Transfer to the corresponding points Usingthe large the quarterreference circle drawing to the Figure baseline. 1, the large quarter circle to the baseline. on each side of centerline on the layout transfer the measurements of the arc on drawing. Add notches for a watershed theStep large 9:8: UsingForquarter the the holecircle reference pattern to the drawinglayoutbaseline. Step 9: Using the reference drawing when necessary. Figuredrawing, 2, drawset dividers a baseline from with the abaseline to Figure 2, set dividersLayout Drawing from the baseline to Stepwhereperpendicular 9: eachUsing line theline intersects reference rising from the drawing largethe center where each line intersects the large Figurequarterand both 2, circle. setends. dividers Transfer from to the baseline to quarter circle. Transfer to the wherecorrespondingUsing each the reference line pointsintersects drawing on each the Figurelarge side of 1, corresponding points on each side of quartercenterlinetransfer circle. the on measurements theTransfer layout to drawing. the of the arcAdd on centerline on the layout drawing. Add correspondingnotchesthe large for quarter a watershedpoints circle on to eachwhen the sidebaseline. necessary. of notches for a watershed when necessary. centerline on the layout drawing. Add notchesStep 9: for Using a watershed the reference when drawing necessary. 4 of 4 Unequal Tee

Figure 2, set dividers from the baseline to where each line intersects the large quarter circle. Transfer to the corresponding points on each side of centerline on the layout drawing. Add notches for a watershed when necessary. International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and AsbestosInternational Workers Association © Version 1of 2003 Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

Jf International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 Unequal Tee Shortcut

For this short cut you’ll need 2 measurements

1. O.D. of large covering

2. Circumference of small covering

Unequal Tee Shortcut

Step 1: On your jacketing draw a line the length of your circumference

For this short cut you’ll need 2 measurements Step 2: Break up your circumference into 4 equal parts. 1. O.D. of large covering

UNEQUAL TEE (SHORTCUT) 2. Circumference of small covering Step 3: label each point 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. (Don’t forget to add lap)

Step 1: On your jacketing draw a line the length of your circumference

Step 2: Break up your circumference into 4 equal parts. For this shortcut you’ll need 2 Step 3: label each point 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. (Don’t forget to add lap) measurements Unequal Tee Shortcut 1.:O.D. of large covering

2.:Circumference of small covering

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your large covering.

Step 5: From the bottom of your material swing arch on point 1, 3, and 5

Step 1: On your jacketing, draw a line the

Step 6: Leaving your dividers on the same setting move up on lineslength 2 and of4 your circumference

1 2 3 4 5 until your dividers connect with your arch’s on lines 1, 3, and 5 Step 2: Break up your circumference into 4

equal parts. Step 7: connect your arches to get your pattern. 1 2 3 4 5 Step 3: Label each point 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Step 8: Trim to fit if necessary.

(Don’t forget to add lap) Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your large covering. Step 5: From the bottom of your material, swing arch on point 1, 3 and 5

Step 6: Leaving your dividers on the same setting, move up on lines 2 and 4 until your dividers connect with your arch’s on lines 1, 3 and 5

Step 7: Connect your arches to get your pattern.

1 2 3 4 5 Step 8: Trim to fit if necessary.

14 Oblong Bonnet

Step 1: With a piece of cardboard trace out the top of your bonnet. Bonnet You’ll need this template for your layout.

OBLONG BONNET Body Oblong Bonnet

Step 2: Draw a baseline a little longer then the length of your

Step 1: With a piece of cardboard, trace template.

out the top of your bonnet. You’ll needBaseline this Step 1: With a piece of cardboard trace out the top of your bonnet. Step 3: Draw a center line going down past your baseline about 1 ½ Bonnet template for your layout. times the diameter of the body, and going up from your baseline a You’ll need this template for your layout. little longer than half the bonnet width. Step 2: Draw a base line a little longer than the length of your template. Step 4: Trace out your template centering it on your baseline and centerline. Body line Center Step 3: Draw a center line going down Step 5: From the bottom of your template measure down the diameter of your body and make a mark. past your base line about 1 ½ times the diameter of the body, and going up from Step 6: From that mark set your divider to the Radius of your body

your base line a little longer than half the and scribe a quarter arch. bonnet width.

Step 2: Draw a baselineStep a little 4: longer Trace then out theyour length template, of your centering

Step 7: Break up the quarter portion of your template above the

it on your base line and centerline.

template. quarter arch into 4, 6, or 8 parts.

Baseline Step 5: From the bottom of your template, Step 8: Bring each one of those points down to the quarter arch. 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 Step 3: Draw a center linemeasure going down down past the your diameter baseline of about your 1body ½ Whichever point is the last one to hit your quarter arch, draw a line times the diameter of the body, and going up from your baseline a straight out at that point and bring the rest of the points down to and make a mark. that line. little longer than half the bonnet width. Step 9: From the top of your quarter arch measure up the height of Step 6: From that mark set your divider to your bonnet, and draw a new baseline. the radius of your body and scribe a quarter Step 4: Trace out your template centering it on your baseline and arch. Step 10: Starting from the Centerline number each reference point centerline.

Center line Center Step 7: Break up the quarter portion of your

Step 5: From the bottomtemplate of your template above the measure quarter do wnarch the into 4, 6 diameter of your body andor 8 make parts. a mark.

Step 6: From that mark Stepset your 8: Bringdivider each to the one Radius of those of your points body and scribe a quarter arch.down to the quarter arch. Whichever point is the last one to hit your quarter arch, draw a line straight out at that point and bring the rest of the points down to that line.

Step 9: From the top of your quarter arch,

Step 7: Break up the quartermeasure portion up ofthe your height template of your above bonnet the and

draw a new base line. quarter arch into 4, 6, or 8 parts. Step 10: Starting from the centerline, Step 8: Bring each one of those points down to the quarter arch. 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 number each reference point. Whichever point is the last one to hit your quarter arch, draw a line straight out at that point and bring the rest of the points down to that line.

Step 9: From the top of your quarter arch measure up the height of

your bonnet, and draw a new baseline.

Step 10: Starting from the Centerline number each reference point

Oblong Bonnet

OblongOBLONG Bonnet BONNET continued

Step 11: On your metal/material, draw a line the length of ½ your circumference.

Step 12: Break up your circumference into the appropriate amount of segments and number each segment.

Step 11: n your metalmaterial dra a line the lenth of your irumferene.

Step 12: rea up your irumferene into the appropriate amount of sements and numer eah sements.

Step 11: n your metalmaterial dra a line the lenth of your irumferene.

Step 12: rea up your irumfereneStretch out into the appropriate amount of sements and numerLayout eah sements.

Stretch out Layout

Step 13: n your layout set your diider from your ne aseline to your uarter arh on eah of your referene points and transfer those measurements to your streth out.

Step 14: dd your appropriate laps and ut out. Step 13: n your layout set your diider from your ne aseline to your uarter arh on eah of your referene points and transfer those measurements to your streth out. Step 13: On your layout, set your divider from your new base line to your quarter Step 14: dd your appropriate laps and ut out. arch on each of your reference points and transfer those measurements to your stretch out.

Step 14: Add your appropriate laps and cut out.

16 Elliptical Quarter tee

ELLIPTICAL QUARTER TEE

Step 1: Draw a 90° baseline.

D Step 2: Label the apex “A”. Step 3: Scribe the radius along the baseline measuring from “A,” label this point “B”

Step 4: Multiply ¼ circumference by .85355 scribe the result along the baseline measuring from “A,” and label this point “C”

Step 5: Multiply the radius by .7071 scribe the result along the vertical line measuring from “A,” label this point “D”

Step 6: Using line “AC” and line “AB” as your lengths draw an ellipse from “D” to “B”

Step 7: Divide line “AC” into 4 equal D divisions and project lines upward at these points just past point “D”

Special note: Line “AC” is the same length as arc “DB”

Step 8: Set your dividers to one of line “AC”s divisions and walk off arc “DB” dividing it into 4 equal divisions as well

Step 9: From line “AD” project 90° lines through the divisions on arc “DB” to the corresponding lines from line “AC”

Step 10: Using a flex rule draw a line through the intersection points made in step 9 from “D” down to “C”. Band down and mark where the band intersects with D line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0.

17 Step 1. Draw a rectangle that is ½ circumference long by the outer diameter +4” Body Stepin height. 1. Draw Label a rectangle this “Body” that is ½ circumference long by the outer diameter +4” EQUAL MONOO.D.+4” TEE Body in height. Label this “Body” Step 2. Draw a centerline that splits the O.D.+4” height in half and runs with the ½ circ. Extend ½ circ StepthisStep line 2.1. Draw 1:past Draw thea centerlinerectanglea rectangleends indefinitely. that thatthat isis splits ½½ the heightcircumference in half and long runs by with the outer the ½diameter circ. Extend circumference+4” in height. long Label by this the “Body”. outer diameter +4” Body ½ circ inthis height. line past Label the this ends “Body” indefinitely. StepStep 3. Using 2: Draw a asquare centerline draw that triangles splits the on each height in half and runs with the ½ circ. O.D.+4”4” endExtend of the this “Body”. line past Making the ends sure indefinitely. to align the Stepapex 2.3.of DrawUsingthe square aa centerlinesquare with draw the that centerlinetriangles splits the on you each heightenddrew of in inthe step half “Body”. 2. and Label runs Making these with suretriangles the ½to circ. align “Pans”. Extend the Step 3: Using a square, draw triangles on apex of the square with the centerline you ½ circ thiseach line endpast of the the ends body. indefinitely. Make sure to align drewthe in apex step of 2. the Label square these with triangles the centerline “Pans”. Step you 4. drewAdd inrectangular step 2. Label extensions these triangles equal to “Pans.” Stepthe length 3. Using of thea square elliptical draw tee triangles pattern on “ELT” each endSteponto of 4.the theAdd ends “Body”. rectangular of the Making “Pans”. extensions sure to align equal the to Pans Pans apextheStep length of 4:the Add of square the rectangular elliptical with the extensions tee centerline pattern equal “ELT” you to the length of the elliptical tee pattern dontorew thein step ends 2. of Label the “Pans”.these triangles “Pans”. Step(ELT) 5. Use onto the the “ endsELT” of pattern the pans. to draw curves Pans Pans into Step the 5:rect. Use extensions.the ELT pattern Labe to ldraw these curves “Paws” into the rect. extensions. Label these Step“Paws” 4.5. AddUse therectangular “ELT” pattern extensions to draw equal curves to theinto length the rect. of theextensions. elliptical Labe tee patternl these “Paws” “ELT” Step 6. Add for laps and safety edges on the onto the ends of the “Pans”. ends Step of 6:the Add “Paws”. for laps and safety edges on Pans Pans the ends of the paws. Step 6. Add for laps and safety edges on the Stepends 5.of Usethe the“Paws”. “ELT ” pattern to draw curves Step 7. Cut out along the ends and curves of intoStep the 7:rect. Cut extensions.out along the Labe endsl andthese curves “Paws” the of “Paws” the paws and and sides sides of of “Body”. body.

Step 7. Cut out along the ends and curves of SteptheStep “Paws” 6. Add 8: Roll andfor the lapssides body and of to “Body”. safetythe O.D., edges brake on the Step 8. Roll the body to the O.D., brake along endsalong of the the “Paws”.lines of the pans for stiffeners, the brake lines theof thesafety “Pans” edges for over, stiffeners, tighten the brake roller and roll the paws straight into the Steptheedge safety 8. Roll of edgesthe the pans. body over, to tighten the O.D., the brake roller along and roll the “Paws” straight into the edge of the Stepthe lines 7. Cut of outthe along“Pans” the for ends stiffeners, and curves brake of the“pans “Paws”safety”. edges and sides over, of tighten “Body”. the roller and roll the “Paws” straight into the edge of the

“pans”. Step 8. Roll the body to the O.D., brake along

18 the lines of the “Pans” for stiffeners, brake the safety edges over, tighten the roller and roll the “Paws” straight into the edge of the “pans”.

NOTES

19 NOTES

20 90° Radial line development

90˚ RADIAL LINE DEVELOPMENT

Step 1: Draw a right angle.

Step 2: From the apex measure over to the distance of your CLR, and make a mark at your baseline.

Step 3: From your CLR, measure over in each direction the Radius of your covering and scribe a mark on your baseline.

Step 4: With one end of your dividers placed on your apex, set the other end on your covering radius marks and scribe arches

Radius Radius up to your perpendicular line. Radius Radius Radius Radius Step 5: Divide up your 90 into the appropriate amount of CL CL segments. (6 pcs. break up 6x, 8 pcs. break up 8x; if you’re Apex CL doing a sweep figure out how many pieces you need and Apex break it up accordingly.) This will give you your heel and throat measurements for your miters.

Step 6: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering, place them on your CLR mark and swing an arch below your baseline.

Step 7: Decide how many reference points you want and break up your arch below your baseline.

1st Step 8: Bring up those points to your baseline. Miter 1st Miter Step 9: With your dividers set at your apex, go to each point you brought up to baseline and scribe an arch a little past 1st your 1st miter. Miter Step 10: Bisect your 1st miter above your baseline to get Layout your ½ miter.

Step 11: On the heel of your miter, go up 3/8” and make a mark. Then with a straight edge scribe a line to your apex.

Step 12: Starting at the throat, number your points of reference.

+ 3/8 7 5 6 4 3 2 1/2 11 Miter

+ 3/8 7 5 6 4 3 2 1/2 11 Miter+ 3/8 7 Layout 5 6 4 3 2 1/2 21 11 Miter 90˚ RADIAL LINE DEVELOPMENT continued 90° Radial line development

90° Radial line developmentStep 13: On a piece of metal, scribe a line 90° Radial line developmentthe length of your circumference.

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 Step 13: On a piece of metal scribe a 5 4 Step 14: Break your circumference up into line the length of your Circumference. the appropriate amount of segments.

4 3 2 1 Stretch 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 Step 14: Break your circumference up 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 StepStep 15: 13: Start On a numberingpiece of metal scribeyour asegments 5 4 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 Step 13: On a piece of metal scribe a 5 4 Out Stepinto the 13: appropriate On a piece amount of metal of scribe a 5 4 withline whatever the length of number your Circumference correlates. with your linesegments. the length of your Circumference. CLR number on your layout. Stretch Step 14: Break your circumference up Stretch Step 14:15: Breakstart numbering your circumference your up OutStretch into the appropriate amount of Out intosegments the appropriate with whatever amount number of Out segments.into the appropriate amount of segments.correlates with your CLR number on 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 segments. 5 4 your layout. start numbering your Step 15: start numbering your Stepsegments 15: start with numbering whatever number your segments with whatever number Stepcorrelatessegments 16: Using with whateveryour a set CLR of numbernumber dividers on on your 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 correlates with your CLR number on 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 correlates with your CLR number on 5 4 4 3 2 1 Stretch 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 layout,your layout. go from your ½ miter line to your 5 4 5 Step 16: Using a set of dividers 4 5 on your

5 4 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 your layout. 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 4 Out your layout. 3/8”layout, line go and from transfer your ½ miter that line distance to your to the

4. 18: Step appropriate3/8 line, and segment transfer that on distance your to stretch the out.

Stretch Stretch appropriate Using segment a set ofon dividers your stretch on your Stretch Step 16: Using a set of dividers on your Out out.Step 16: Using a set of dividers on your Out layout, go from your ½ miter line to your To one end add lap. Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and 3/8layout, line, go and from transfer your ½ that miter distance line to to your the 3/8 line, and transfer that distance to the appropriate3/8 line, and segment transfer thaton your distance stretch to the appropriate segment on your stretch Stepout. 17: Using a band connect all your out. Stretch Out Stretch points. Out Stretch Out Stretch

90° Radial line development Out

Step 17: Using a band connect all your Step 17: Using a band connect all your Stretch points.Step 17: Stretch P LA points. OutStretch Out Step 17: Using a band, connect all your points. P LA P LA P LA

P Step 18: To one end add lap. Then put hole punchesLA at 4, 7 and

Step 18: To one end add lap. Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and Step 18: To one end add lap. Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and points. 17: Step out. stretch your on segment appropriate the to distance that transfer and line, 3/8 yo of length the line 13: Step Step Step segments. into the appropriate amount of 14: Step your layout. correlates number whatever with segments 4. layout, go from your ½ 16: Step 4.

15: Step 18: To one end add lap. Then put hole

Using a band connect all your your all connect a band Using a scribe metal of a piece On Break your circumference up up circumference your Break start numbering your your numbering start Using a set of dividers on your on your dividers of a set Using

punches at 4, 7 and 4. with your CLR number on

ur Circumference ur miter line to your . .

22 Gores for L.R. Sweeps or S.R. 90’s

ELBOW GORESEquation for your Heel and Throat Measurements (WITH EQUATION)

(CLR + or – ½ O.D.)x 1.57 ÷ # Miters (CLR + or - 1/2 O.D.)x 1.57 Add ½ the O.D. for heel and subtract ½ # of Miters the O.D. for throat. Add ½ the O.D. for Heel and subtract ½ the O.D. for throat Step 1: Draw a base line and mark the lengthStep 1: of Draw a base line your diameter. and mark the length of your Diameter Diameter.

Step 2: On one side of your diameter go up ½ your heel measurement + 3/8”.

½ Heel Step 3: On the other side of your diameter + ⅜ go up 1 your 316”. ½ Throat �� Step 2: On one side of your Diameter go up ½ your Heel measurement + ⅜”. Step 4: Connect your heel and throat marks.Step 3: on the other side of your Diameter go up ½ your Step316 “. 5: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and swing an arc below the

base line.

Step 6: Break your arc up into 6 equal parts (or break up your arc into however many

reference points you want). Step 4: connect your heel and throat marks

StepStep 5: 7: BringSet your dividers to the Radius of your covering and your tri-section marks up to yourswing an arc below the base line. ½ miter line.

StepStep 6: 8: NumberBreak your arc up into 6 equal parts. (Or break up your reference points 1 throughyour arc into however many reference points you want) 7. (Or however you want to label your reference points)

6 7 5 4 3 1 2

Step 7: Bring your Tri-section marks up to your ½ miter line.

Step 8: Number your reference points 1 through 7. (Or however your want label your reference points)

23 ELBOW GORES (WITH EQUATION) continued

Step 9: On a piece of metal scribe a line the Steplength of your Circumference. 9: On a piece of metal, scribe a line the length of your circumference. Step 10: Step 9: On a piece of metal scribe a line the Break your circumference up into the 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 Stepappropriate amount of segments. 10: Break your circumference up into thelength of your Circumference. appropriate amount of segments. Step 10Step 11: start numbering your segments with Step 11: StartBreak your circumference up into the numbering your segments 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 whatever number correlates with your CLR appropriate amount of segments. with whateverStep 9: On a piece of metal scribe a line the number correlates with your Stretch Out number on your layout. CLRStep number11length of your Circumference.: start numbering your segments with on your layout.

whatever number correlates with your CLR Step 12:Step 10 Using: Break your circumference up into the a set of dividers on your Stretch Out number on your layout. 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 layout, Step 12 goappropriate amount of segments.: Using a set of dividers on your layout, from your ½ miter line to your

3/8 go from your ½ miter line to your 3/8 line, and line, and transfer that distance to the Step 11: start numbering your segments with 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 appropriatetransfer that distance to the appropriate segment on your stretch out. segment on your Step 12whatever number correlates with your CLR : Using a set of dividers on your layout, stretch out.

Stretch Out Stepgo from your ½ miter line to your 3/8 line, and 13:number on your layout. Using a band, connect all your

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 points.transfer that distance to the appropriate

Stretch Out segment on your Step 13: Using a band connect all your points.stretch out. Step 14: To one or both ends add lap. Step 12: Using a set of dividers on your layout, Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and 4. go from your ½ miter line to your 3/8 line, and (Or whatever #s correlate with your heel Stretch Out transfer that distance to the appropriate 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4and Step 13 CLR).: Using a band connect all your points. segment on your stretch out.

Stretch Out Step 13: Using a band connect all your points.

LAP

Stretch Out LAP

Step 14 : To one or bothStretch Out ends add lap. Then put hole s punches at 4, 7

and 4. (Or whatever #s correlates with your heel and CLR) LAP

Step 14: To one or both ends add lap. Then put holes punches at 4, 7

and 4. (Or whatever #s co rrelates with your heel and CLR)Stretch Out

Step 14 : To one or both ends add lap. Then put holes punches at 4, 7 and 4. (Or whatever #s correlates with your heel and CLR)

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers

ELBOW BUTTERFLY

1 of 3 1 of 3 Elbow Butterfly Elbow Butterfly

Step 1: Draw a vertical line and a horizontal perpendicular line. Set dividers to ½ of the outside diameterElbow of the pipe insulationButterfly and draw a quarter circle.

Step 2: Draw vertical lines A and B. Line A is ½International of the Association throat of measurement Heat and Frost Insulators of and theAsbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

butterfly.

Draw a line at a 45° angle from line A to line B.

Step 1: Draw a vertical lineStep and 1:a Draw a vertical line and a Step 3: Divide the quarter circle into 4 Reference Drawing Reference Drawing equal segments. Label 1 through 5. horizontal perpendicular line.horizontal Set dividers perpendicular line. Set dividers to ½ of the outside diameterto of½ theof the pipe outside diameter of the pipe Step 4: Draw a vertical line from each to insulation and draw a quarter circle. line A-B. On the reference drawing, set insulation and draw a quarter circleB . dividers to the measurement of the arc Step 2: Draw vertical linesStep A and 2: B. Draw Line vertical A lines A and B. Line A between points 1 and 2. is ½ of the throat measurementis ½ of of the the throat measurement of the butterfly. butterfly. A 5 Draw a line at a 45° angle Drawfrom Line a line A atto a 45° angle from Line A to 4 Line B. Line B. 3 Step 3: Divide the quarter Stepcircle 3:into Divide 4 the quarter circle into1 42

equal segments. equal segments. Label 1 through 5. Label 1 through 5. Step 4: Draw a vertical lineStep from 4: each Draw to a vertical line from each to line A-B. line A-B. On the reference drawing, Onset thedividers reference to drawing, set dividers to the measurement of the arcthe between measurement of the arc between Points 1 and 2. Points 1 and 2.

International Association of Heat andInternational Frost Insulators Association and Asbestos of Heat Workersand Frost © Insulators Version 1and 2003 Asbestos Workers25 © Version 1 2003

½ Circumference-

ELBOW BUTTERFLY continued 2 of 3 Elbow Butterfly

Step 5: Draw a centerline and mark this distance 8 times. Draw a perpendicular Step 5: Draw a centerline and mark this 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 line from each point, above and below the distance 8 times. Draw a perpendicular line centerline. from each point, above and below the Step 6: Label the lines from 1 through 5, centerline. and then back to 1. This should be ½ of the circumference of the pipe insulation. Step 6: Label the lines from 1 through 5, and then back to 1. This should be ½ of the circumference of the pipe insulation.

1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 Transfer the measurements from the B reference drawing to the corresponding B Transfer the measurements from the numbers on the layout drawing. reference drawing to the corresponding numbers on the layout drawing.

A A 5 5

4 4 3 Circumference- 1 23 1 2

Step 7: Add a 1” lap to both ends. Add Step 7: Add a 1" lap to both ends. Add notches as necessary. notches as necessary.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

ELBOW BUTTERFLY continued 3 of 3 Elbow Butterfly

The butterfly will be used for the throat The Butterfly portion of the elbow. Use the regular elbow will be used for gore layout for the side/heel/side portion. the throat portion Add the necessary laps. of the elbow. necessary. Use the regular

elbow gore layout for the side / heel / side portion. Add the

necessary laps. 3 of 3 Elbow Butterfly

The Butterfly will be used for the throat portion of the elbow. necessary. Use the regular elbow gore layout for the side / heel / side portion. Add the

necessary laps.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

Butterfly 90° (Shortcut)

BUTTERFLY 90 (SHORTCUT) Butterfly 90° (Shortcut)

Step 1: Get a negative tee pattern for the size covering you are using.

NegativeNegative Step 1: Get a negative Tee pattern for the size TeeTee covering you are using PatternPattern

Step 2: On a piece of metal, scribe a line that is equal to half theStep circumference 2: On a piece of the of covering metal, scribethat you a linewill that is equal to half the circumference of be jacketing. CL the covering that you will be jacketing. Step 3: DrawStep lines 3: Draw perpendicular lines perpendicular to your scribe to line on Full throat each endyour of your scribe half circumferenceline on each endmeasurement of your half. Scribe Line circumference measurement. Step 4: Bisect your half circumference line. (So you’ll have twoStep areas 4: equal Bisect to a your quarter half of circumference your line so you’ll have two areas equal to a quarter circumference) of your circumference.

Step 5: OnStep your 5: center On yourline, centerline,go above and go below above your and

scribe linebelow and mark your half scribe of your line throat and mark measur halfement. of your

Pattern

Pattern throat measurement.

Tee Tee

Tee Tee Negative Negative Negative Negative

Step 6: PlaceStep your 6: Place negative your tee negative pattern on tee your pattern half on Negative Negative throat maryourks as half shone throat on the marks Figure as to shown your left. on the Tee Tee Pattern figure to your left. Pattern

Step 7: AddStep lap 7: and Add cut lap out, and you cut may out; need you to trimmay to need fit. to trim to fit.

28 Butterfly throat 90

Step 1. Draw a 360° baseline.

BUTTERFLY 90

Step 1. Draw a 360Step 2. Determine the throat radius.° baseline. Positive throat= CLR- radius of covering Step 1. Draw a 360 Negative throat= 2” “standard lap”° baseline. Step 1: Draw horizontal baseline intersected by Step 1. Draw a 360Step 2. Determine the throat radius. a vertical baseline. ° baseline. Special note:Positive throat= CLR A positive throat is when the - radius of covering Step 2. Determine the throat radius. CLR of the 90 is Negative throat= 2” “standard lap”greater than the radius of the Step 2. Determine the throat radius. covering. A negative throat is when the CLR of Step 2: Positive throat= CLR Determine the throat - radius.radius of covering Negative throat= 2” “standard lap” the 90 is Special note:Positive throat= CLRless than the radius of the covering. A positive throat is when the - radius of covering ELT ELT CLR of the 90 is Negative throat= 2” “standard lap”greater than the radius of the SpecialSpecial note: note: The throat A positive throat is when the radius is found by Straightaways covering. A negative throat is when the CLR of subtracting the radius of the covering from the greater CLR of the 90 is the 90 is Step 3. CLR ofSpecial note: theMultiply the throat radius by 1.4142, less fitting.than If the radius of the covering. theA positive throat is when the result than the radius of the is negative use 2’’. Straightaways ELT ELT covering. A negative throat is when the CLR of CLR of the 90 is mark the result on the vertical baseline above greater than the radius of the less Straightaways ELT ELT the 90 is covering. A negative throat is when the CLR of and below the horizontal baseline.than the radius of the covering. ELT ELT Step 3: Multiply the throat radius by .7071, mark the 90 is Step 3. Multiply the throat radius by 1.4142, less than the radius of the covering. Straightaways ELT ELT half the result on the vertical baseline above and Straightaways mark the result on the vertical baseline above below the horizontal baseline.

Straightaways ELT ELT Step 3. and below the horizontal baseline.Multiply the throat radius by 1.4142, Straightaways Step 4. Use the elliptical tee pattern to draw an mark the result on the vertical baseline above Step 3. arc above and below these marksMultiply the throat radius by 1.4142, . Straightaways ELT ELT Step 4: Use the elliptical tee pattern to draw an and below the horizontal baseline.mark the result on the vertical baseline above arc above and below these marks. ELT ELT and below the horizontal baseline.Step 4. Use the elliptical tee pattern to draw an

arc above and below these marksStep 5. Use a square to draw a 90 angle on the . Step ends of these arcs. Be sure to keep the apex of Step4. 5:Use Use the elliptical tee a square to draw apattern to draw an 90 angle on the arc above and below these marksStep the square on the baseline. Label these lines ends4. ofUse these the elliptical tee arcs. Be sure to keeppattern to draw an the. apex of arc above and below these marksStep 5. “straightaways”the squareUse a square to draw a 90 angle on the on the baseline. Label these. lines “straightaways” ends of these arcs. Be sure to keep the apex of Step 5. the square on the baseline. Label these lines Use a square to draw a 90 angle on the ends of these arcs. Be sure to keep the apex of Step 5. “straightaways”Step 6. Set your Step 6:Use a square to draw a 90 angle on the Set your dividers dividers to the radius of the to the radius of the the square on the baseline. Label these lines ends of these arcs. Be sure to keep the apex of covering.covering. “straightaways”the square on the baseline. Label these lines “straightaways”Step 6. Set your dividers to the radius of the Step 7: Using the baseline as the apex, scribe covering.Step 7. your radiusUsing the baseline so that it just meets as the apex, scribe Step 6. Set your your radius so that it just meets the the straightaways.dividers to the radius of the covering.Step 6. Set your straightaways. dividers to the radius of the covering.Step 7. Using the baseline as the apex, scribe Step 8: Cut out pattern and roll to O.D. your radius so that it just meets the of covering. Step 7. straightaways.Step 8. Using the baselineCut out along red line. Roll to O.D. of as the apex, scribe your radius so that it just meets the Step 7. coveringUsing the baseline as the apex, scribe straightaways.your radius so that it just meets the straightaways.Step 8. Cut out along red line. Roll to O.D. of covering 29 Step 8. Cut out along red line. Roll to O.D. of coveringStep 8. Cut out along red line. Roll to O.D. of covering

Segmented 90°

Segmented 90° SEGMENTED 90

Segmented 90°

You will need 4 measurements:

1.: The diameter of the iron pipe

2.: The O.D. of the covering

From Youthe williron need pipe 4 you’ll measurements need: 3.: ½ the heel measurement (from one 1. The diametersegment) of the iron pipe 2. The O.D. of the covering 4.: ½ the throat measurement (from one segment)

From the iron pipe you’ll need Step 1: Draw a baseline and mark the diameter of 3. ½ the heel measurement (from one segment) your pipe. 4. ½ the throat measurement (from one segment) Step 2: On one side of the pipe diameter go up ½ your Heel measurement and mark it with cross

hairs. Step 1: Draw a baseline and mark the diameter of your Step 3: On the other side of the pipe diameter pipe. go up ½ your throat measurement and mark that with cross hairs. Step 2: On one side of the pipe diameter go up ½ your ½ Heel ½ Throat Heel measurementStep 4: Go andout markon each it with side cross of yourhairs. pipe diameter, the thickness of your covering, and Pipe Diameter Step 3: drawOn the lines other going side ofup the from pipe the diameter baseline. go up ½

your throat measurement and mark that with cross hairs. Step 5: Connect your insulation thickness lines

with a straight edge intersecting the cross hairs of the heel and throat measurements.

Step 4: Go out on each3 side of your pipe diameter, the 3 Step 6: Add /8” to the top of your heel and /16 to thicknessthe of top your of covering your throat., and draw Connect lines going those up two from points. the baseline.The line will be for your crimp and bead.

Step 5: StepConnect 7: Set your your insulation dividers thickness to the lines radius with of a your Insulation Diameter straightcovering edge inter andsecting swing the ancross arch hairs below of the your Heel baseline. and Throat Stepmeasurements. 8: Break your arch up into the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 9: Bring your points on your arch straight up Step 6: toAdd your 3/8” crimp to the line. top of your Heel and 3/16 to the +⅜ top of your Throat. Then connect those two points. That

+ 3/16 line will be for your Crimp and bead.

Step 7: Set your dividers to the Radius of your covering and swing an arch below your baseline.

Step 8: Break your arch up into the appropriate amount of

segments. 30 Step 9: Bring your points on your arch straight up to your Crimp line.

SEGMENTED 90 continued Segmented 90 °

StepStep 10: On 10: a piece On ofa metal/materialpiece of metal scribe material, a linescribe the length a line of your the Circumference. length of your circumference. Step 11: Break your circumference up into the appropriateStep 11: amo Breakunt of segments.your circumference up into 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 the appropriate amount of segments. Step 12: start numbering your segments with whateverStep 12:number start correlates numbering with your yourCLR segments Stretch Out nuwithmber on whatever your layout. number correlates with your CLR number on your layout.

StepStep 13: Using 13: aUsing set of dividers a set onof your dividers layout, on your go from your baseline to your 3/8 line, and

layout, go from your baseline to your 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 transfer3/8 linethat distance and transfer to the appropriate that distance to the miter/ Side note: You start Step 15: segmentappropriate on your stretch segment out. on your stretch out.

go re

To one end add lap.hole Then pu t Stretch Out Step 14: Using a band, connect all your Steppoints. 14: Using a band connect all your points.

Step 15: To one end, add lap. Then put hole wi th a ½ miter/ Stretch Out punches at 4,Stretch Out 7 and 4. Stretch Out

Side note: You start with a ½ miter/gore,

and finish with ½ miter/gore. emne 0° ° 90 Segmented go re, and Stretch Out pun ches at4, and 7 4. ﬁ nish LAP

wi th ½

5 4 5 4

LAP

Step 14: segment youron stretch ou t. transfer thatdistance to theappropriate go fr om yourgo basel in e to your 3/8 line,and Step 13: mber nu mber youron layout. Step12: Step 11: whatever number correlateswith your CLR linethe length of your Circumference. Step 10 appropriate amo

: Using band a connect all your points. Using a set of dividers on your layout, start

Break your circumference up into the Step 15: To one end add lap. Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and 4. On a piece of metal/material scribea

Side note: You start with a ½ miter/gore, and ﬁnish with ½ nu mbering your segments with miter/gore un t segments.of

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 1/2 3 Throat + Throat Heel /8 3/16 1/2

Step 11: Step 10: stretch out; making a mark aboveand below your centerline. appropriatetransferpointsandthemreference the segments youron Step 9: Step 8: upbreakit 12 x andcenter draw a the line length of your actual circumference, and Step 7

1 7

On your layout set dividersyour from b your Number each segment starting with #4shone as above. On your Metal/Material up go a fewinches from thebottom

add lap and hole punch4, at 7, and 4. Usingband a connect all your points 6 2

Layout 3

5 4

Stretch Out Gore Pattern (Short Cut) (Short Gore Pattern Baseline

aseline to each of aselinetoeach of 5 4

Step 6 Heel mark. your and swing an arch from your Throat mark up to Step 5: between your Throat½ and Heel ½ marks. Step 4 make a mark 3/8 “and Step 3/16 and make a mark. Step 2 Step 1 3 : : : : :

Break your arch up into equal parts6 that Dividers Set your ½ measurement to On the vertical line measurethe distance Again from theApex upgo the½ Heel + Apex the From Drawa Right angle

goes up ½ your throat

GORE PATTERN (SHORT CUT)

Gore Pattern (Short Cut) +

Step 1: Draw a Right angle

Step 2: From the Apex goes up ½ your throat + Gore Pattern (Short1/2 Cut)Heel + 3/16 and make a mark. 3/8 7 6 Step 1: Draw a Right angle. 5 Step 3: Again from the Apex go up ½ the Heel + Step 1: Draw a Right angle 3/8 “andStep make 2: a mark From. the Apex go up ½ your 4 Step 2: From the Apex goes up ½ your throat + Step 4: throatOn the vertical + 3/16” line measure and make the distance a mark. 1/2 Heel + 3/16 and make1/2 a mark. 3 3/8 7 6 Throat + between your ½ Throat and ½ Heel marks. 3/16 Step 3: Again from the Apex go up ½ 5 2 Step 3: Again from 1the Apex go up ½ the Heel + Step 5: theSet your heel Dividers + 3/8“ to ½ and that measurement make a mark. 3/8 “and make a mark. Baseline 4 and swing an arch from your Throat mark up to Step 4: On the vertical line measure the Step 4: On the vertical line measure the distance your Heel mark. 1/2 3 Layout Throat + between your ½ Throat and ½ Heel marks. distance between your ½ throat and ½ Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts 3/16 2 heel marks. 1 Step 5: Set your Dividers to ½ that measurement

Baseline and swing an arch from your Throat mark up to Step 5: Set your dividers to ½ that your Heel mark. Stretch Out measurement and swing an arch from Layout your throat mark up to your heel mark. Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts

Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 parts. Stretch Out Step 7: On your metal/material go up a few inches from the bottom and draw a center line the length of your actual 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 Step 7: On your Metal/Material go up a few inches from the bottom circumference, and break it up 12 x. and draw a center line the length of your actual circumference, and break it up 12 x Step 8: Number each segment starting with #4 as shown above. Step 8: Number each segment starting with #4 as shone above. Step 7: On your Metal/Material go up a few inches from the bottom Step 9: On your layout set your dividers from your baseline to each of Step 9: On your layout set, your dividers and draw a center line the length of your actual circumference, and reference points and transfer them the appropriate segments on your from your baseline to each of your break it up 12 x stretch out; making a mark above and below your centerline. reference points and transfer them to Step 8: Number each segment starting with #4 as shone above. the appropriate segments on your stretch Step 10: Using a band connect all your points out; making a mark above and below Step 9: On your layout set your dividers from your baseline to each of Step 11: add lap and hole punch at 4, 7, and 4. your centerline. reference points and transfer them the appropriate segments on your stretch out; making a mark above and below your centerline. Step 10: Using a band, connect all your points. Step 10: Using a band connect all your points

Step 11: add lap and hole punch at 4, 7, and 4. Step 11: Add lap and hole punch at 4, 7 and 4.

For this layout, you’ll need six measurements. Reducing 90’s

1. Miter heel measurement

2. Miter throat measurement 5. Lg. Diameter/Radius

3. Overall CLR Length 6. Sm. Diameter/Radius

4. Circumference of large O.D

REDUCING 90’S

The example I’m going to be using is 12 x 1½ to 6 x 1½

CLR is based on the Lg. pipe size for a Long Radius 90

CLR= 18

For this layout, you’ll need six Lg. Covering Radius = 8 CLR measurements:

Sm. O.D. 13 Sm. Covering radius = 4.8125 (4 ൗ16 )

Getting the measurements you’ll need 1: Miter heel measurement 2: Miter throat measurement (CLR + Lg. Radius) + (CLR + Sm. Radius) x .7854 = Heel 3: Overall CLR Length 4: Circumference of large O.D. 5: Lg. Diameter/Radius (CLR - Lg. Radius) + (CLR - Sm. Radius) x .7854 = Throat CLR 6: Sm. Diameter/Radius Lg. O.D. D D

Plugging in your Numbers (18 + 8) + (18 + 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 26 + 22.8125 = 48.8125 x .7854 = The38.337 example ÷ 8 = 4.792 (4I’m ¾ ) goingHeel to be using is 12 x 1½ to 6 x 1½

(18 - 8) + (18 - 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 CLR is based on the Lg. pipe size for a Long Radius 90 10 + 13.1875 = 23.1875 x .7854 = 18.211 ÷ 8 = 2.276 (2 ¼ ) Throat CLR= 18 18 x 1.57 = 28.26 (28 ¼ ) Overall CLR lenLg.gth Covering Radius = 8 Sm. Covering radius = 4.8125 (4 13/ ) 16 x 3.1416 = 50.265 16

Getting the measurements you’ll need (CLR + Lg. Radius) + (CLR + Sm. Radius) x .7854 = Heel # Miters

(CLR - Lg. Radius) + (CLR - Sm. Radius) x .7854 = Throat # Miters

CLR x 1.57 = Overall CLR length

O.D. x Pi = Circumference of Lg. O.D. Plugging in your Numbers (18 + 8) + (18 + 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 26 + 22.8125 = 48.8125 x .7854 = 38.337 ÷ 8 = 4.792 (4 ¾ ) Heel (18 - 8) + (18 - 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 10 + 13.1875 = 23.1875 x .7854 = 18.211 ÷ 8 = 2.276 (2 ¼ ) Throat

18 x 1.57 = 28.26 (28 ¼ ) Overall CLR length

16 x 3.1416 = 50.265

33 REDUCING 90’S continued

Step 1: Cut a piece of metal about 4” longer than Lg. Circumference + 4” the Lg. Circumference. Lg. O.D. Width of your metal Overall CLR length Step 2: Find the center of the metal and draw a line going down the width of the metal.

Lg. Circumference + 4” Step 3: On that line about 2” from the top of the metal, go out in each direction on the radius of Sm. O.D. Lg. O.D.

the Lg. O.D. covering and draw a horizontal line. Width of your metal Overall CLR length Step 4: From where the lines intersect, measure down the Overall CLR length.

Lg. Circumference + 4” Sm. O.D. Step 5: At that point, measure out in each

Lg. O.D. direction the radius of the small covering and Width of your metal Overall CLR length draw a horizontal line.

Step 6: For however many miters you are putting on, break up your CLR length that many times

Sm. O.D. (this example shows 8 miters so the CLR is broken

into 8 segments). When you mark the equal parts start from the top down. Your first mark will be ½ of one of the equal parts, then 7 full equal parts, and then you’ll finish with a ½ equal part.

Step 7: Establishing the vanishing point. To get Vanishing point this, extend lines from the outside of the Lg. O.D. through the outside of the Sm. O.D. and continue them down until they meet (this distance will 1 2 more than likely be past the metal). 3 Vanishing point4 5 Step 8: Number the marks on the vertical line 6 7 1-10. With #1 starting on the Lg. O.D. 8 9 10 1 Step 9: With one trammel point set on the 2 3 vanishing point, set the other one where #1 line 4 Vanishing5 point intersects with the vertical line and scribe an arc 6 7 going in each direction. 8 9 10 1 Step 10: Going from where the #1 mark is 2 3 intersecting with the vertical line, use a flexible 4 5 ruler to measure over in each direction ½ of the 6 7 circumference of the Lg. O.D. then at those marks 8 9 bring lines down to the vanishing points. 10

34 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

REDUCING 90’S continued

½ Heel + ⅜ Step 11: Repeat Step 9 for reference points ½ Throat 6 7 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. 5 + 4 / 3 Each of the arcs that are scribed represents 1 2 2 3 the center of one of the gores. The reason 4 5 to skip every other mark when scribing 6 arcs is because they cannot flip-flop like 7 8 when creating straight gores. The reason 9 10 Reference draiswi becauseng these gores taper as they go through the 90. This layout will only provide half of the gores.

Step 12: Make a reference drawing to get the reference points that are needed (see ½ Heel + ⅜ image to the left.) ½ Throat 26 7 5 4 + 4 / 7 3 1 1 2 3 Step 13: Break up the large circumference 4 4 (top arc) into at least 12 equal parts, and 7 1 5 number them starting with the number 4 4 4 6 Reference drawing where the lap will be. This example has the 7 1 4 7 lap at4 #4. The image shows 4 divisions, 4 8 7 they will represent the heel, throat and the 4 9 1 4 10 CLRs. 7 4 2 4 7 3 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 Step 14: On lines 2, 4, 6 and 8, transfer the 7 5 4 4 4 4 6 distances from the reference drawing to 4 7 1 4 7 4 4 8 the metal. This example shows transferred 7 4 9 1 4 7 4 10 the distances on line 2 and 4. 4 1 4 4 4 Step 15: Do the layout again, but this time use scribe line 3, 5, 7 and 9. Make sure your numbers on the gores go the same exact way so that all the gores are all going in the same direction. 2 2 3 3 4 A couple side notes: 45 6 If the 90 is small enough with the CLR 5 7 8 length in the center of the metal, swing 2, 69 10 4, 6 and 8 going to the right and 3, 5, 7 and 7 9 to the left. 8 9 Make a template of the CLR length needed 10 so it can be placed on the metal where needed, then find the vanishing point and scribe the arcs. This will help with speed if the project has large 90’s and it needs to have a layout for each seperate half.

35 NOTES

36 NOTES

37 NOTES

38 Negative Lateral Y Layout

NEGATIVENegative LATERAL Lateral Y LAYOUT Y Layout

Step 1: Draw a base line the length of the Step 1: Draw a base line O.D.the length of your of covering.the O.D. of your covering.

Step 2: Mark the radius ofStep your 2: covering Mark the on radius your ofbase your line. covering on your base line. Step 3: Draw perpendicularStep lines 3: Draw on each perpendicular side of your lines O.D. onand each at

your Radius mark side of your O.D. and at your radius mark.

Step 4: Set your dividers Stepto the 4: radius Set your of your dividers O.D. toand the swing radius an of your O.D. and swing an arch below your arch below your baseline. Diameter base line.

Step 5: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts.

Step 6: On the right side of your diameter, measure up the O.D. of the covering. Step 5: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts. Step 7: Using a square, set one end of the Step 6: On the right side squareof your ondiameter your base measure line, the up theapex O.D. of the of Covering O.D. Covering the covering. square on the center line, and the other end of the square on your diameter mark, and then connect those three points. Step 7: Using a square set one end of the square on your baseline,

the apex of the square on the center line, and the other end of the square on your diameter mark, and then connect those three Step 8: From the apex on your center line, points. draw a line parallel with your base line.

Step 9: From the points where you broke up your arch, draw lines going up from your angle lines to your top base line. Step 10: Number each point on your top

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 base 1-7. Step 8: From the apex on your center line draw a line parallel with APEX your baseline.

Step 9: From the points where your broke up your arch, draw lines going up from your angle lines to your top base line

Step 10: Number each point on your top base 1-7.

39 NEGATIVE LATERAL Y LAYOUT continued Negative Lateral Y Layout

Step 11: On your metal or material, scribe a line the length of your circumference.

Step 12: Break your circumference up into Stepthe appropriate 11: On your amount metal or of material segments. scribe (For a line the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 this example, I broke up the arch below lengthmy baseline of your 6 circumference.times so I’ll break up my circumference 12 times.) Step 12: Break your circumference up into the appropriateStep 13: Starting amount on ofthe segments. right side, (For number this example I your stretch out from 1 to 7 then back broke up the arch below my baseline 6 times so I’ll break down to 1 again. up my circumference 12 times.) Step 14: Set your dividers to the negative Stepportion 13: ofStarting your layout on the and right transfer side number them toyour stretch outyour from stretch 1 to out. 7, then back down to 1 again.

Step 14: Set your dividers to the negative portion of your Layout and transfer them to your stretch out.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

40 LATERAL Y (POSITIVE)

Step 1: Draw a base line.

Step 2: Draw a 45° line through your base line.

Step 3: From the point where your 45° line intersects with your baseline, go out 12” in each direction, and on your base line draw a line going down the length of your radius. On your 45° line draw a line going across the length of the diameter of your covering.

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and swing a 90° arch below each end of your base line, and then swing a 180° arch on the top and bottom of your 45° line.

Step 5: Break all your arches up into the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 6: With a straight edge, connect all of your points on your arches.

Step 7: Connect point A to point B, and then connect point B to point C. (Those two lines should form a 90° angle.) Point B

Point A Point C

41 Lateral Y LATERAL Y (POSITIVE) continued

Step 8: On the right side of your body, number segments starting on the bottom and going up 1-4 and then back down 5-7. !!!!! ! ! Step 9: Number your strainer 1-7 starting % with 1 on the right side.

BODY !<=2>?@=% % 4 39:;% 4 !!! 3 (! 5 3 5 !!!!!!(! 6 "! 2 #! 6 2 "!#! !"#$%6'%M+%/0(%"*30/%'*>(%1@%412"%51>4%+285("% 7 $! %! 7 1 $!%! &! 1 '! &!'! '(38(+/'%'/#"/*+3%1+%/0(%51//18%#+>%31*+3%29%;N,?%#+>% ! /0(+%5#:F%>1$+%-NO6%

!"#$%7'%P285("%412"%B/"#*+("%;NO%'/#"/*+3%$*/0%;%1+% /0(%"*30/%'*>(6%

% 39:;% Step 10: On a piece of material, draw a line ;%%%%%%%<%%%%%%T%%%%%%%,%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,%%%%%%T%%%%%%%<%%%%%;1 2 3 4 % % the length of your circumference. O%%%%%%%U%%%%%%-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%-%%%%%%%U%%%%%O567 % !"#$%&8'%StepM+%#%9*(:(%1@%8#/("*#)%>"#$%#%)*+(%/0(%)(+3/0% 11: Break it up in the appropriate 1@%412"%:*":28@("(+:(6amount of segments.%

!"#$%&&'%Step&"(#F%*/%29% 12: On*+%/0(%#99"19"*#/(%#812+/%1@% the top, go down about 1” and '(38(+/'draw6% a horizontal line. Going in from each end number your segments 1-4 then back !"#$%&('out%M+%/0(%/19%31%>1$+%#512/%#%;=%#+>%>"#$%#% 5-7. 01"*Q1+/#)%)*+(6%R1*+3%*+%@"18%(#:0%(+>%+285("%412"%Step 13: On the bottom, go up about '(38(+/'%;1” andN,%/0(+%5#:F%12/%- draw a horizontalNO6% line, and then number your segments 7-1, and then back !"#$%&)'%M+%/0(%51//18%31%29%#512/%#%;=%#+>%>"#$%#% to 7 again. 01"*Q1+/#)%)*+(?%#+>%/0(+%+285("'%412"%'(38(+/'%ON;?% #+>%/0(+%5#:F%/1%O%#3#*+6Step 14: Using dividers,% transfer your numbers from your layout to your stretch !"#$%&*'out.%S'*+3%>*A*>("'%/"#+'@("%412"%+285("'%@"18% 412"%L#412/%/1%412"%'/"(/:0%12/%

O%%%%%%%U%%%%%%-%%%%%%%,%%%%%%T%%%%%%<%%%%%%;%%%%<%%%%%%%T%%%%%%%,%%%%%-%%%%%%%U%%%%%7654321 32 4567%O%% !<=2>?@=%

42 Unequal lateral y

UNEQUAL LATERAL Y AND BODY

Reference Drawing

Step 1. StepDraw a 180 1: Draw a horizontal° baseline baseline. intersected by a vertical line. Step 2: Scribe the large and small O.D.s from Step 2. Scribe the large and small O.D.s from the apex. the apex. "Step 3: Trisect both sides of the small O.D.

,-./"'0Step 4: " Project lines up from the baseline Step 3.through Trisect both sides of the small O.D. all the small O.D. points. Step 5: Number these lines 1-7. Step 4.Step Project lines up from the baseline 6: Label the left hand side of the large O.D. “A”. indefinitely through all the small O.D. points. Step 7: Project a line up from point “A”, label this point “B”.

Step 5. StepNumber these lines 1 8: Draw a 45° line away-7. from point “A”, label %" this point “C”. B Step 9: Draw 90° lines from line “AB” over to lines Step 6.1-4 on Label the left hand side of the large the large O.D. O.D. “A”. Step 10: Using point “A” as your apex draw radii from these points on line “AB” down to line “AC”, number these points 1-4 Step 7. Project a line up from point “A” &" """#"!"'"""(""")"*"+" Step 11: From these points on line “AC” draw 90° A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 indefinitelylines to the, label this point “ corresponding Bvertical”. line in the end view. 1&7, 2&6, 3&5, 4. Connect these points. Step 8. Draw a 45° line away from point “A” B indefinitely, label this point “C”.

C ,-./"Q0" B Step 9. Draw 90° lines from line “AB” over to B lines 1-4 on the large O.D. 4 3 2 1 $" C A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Step 10. Using point “A” as your apex draw (" radii from these points on line “AB” down to 4 '" 3 !"#" 2 1 line “AC”, number these points 1-4 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Step 11. From these points on line “AC” draw 90° lines to the corresponding vertical line in 43 the end view. 1&7, 2&6, 3&5, 4. Connect these points.

UNEQUAL LATERAL Y AND BODY continued

Stem/bonnet template

Step 12. StretchStep 1: Stretch-out-out the full circumference of the the full circumference small O.D., of the smalldivide it into twice as many divisions as O.D., divide it into twice as the small O.D. in the end view.many divisions as the small O.D. in the end view.

Step 2: Number these divisions 1-7 and 7-1 Step 13. Step Number these divisions 13: Transfer the lengths from -the7 and 7 end -1 view to the corresponding number on the stretch-out. Measuring from the baseline to the intersection points. Step 14. Transfer the lengths from the end view to Step 4: Using a flex rule, connect these the corresponding number on the stretchpoints add for laps, tabs, and cut out. -out. Measuring from the baseline to the intersection Special note: Strainers and drains are points.typically a 45° angle, but if you come across something else this layout will work with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 any angle. Simply change the degree of line “AC” Step 15. Using a flex rule, connect these points add for laps, tabs, and cut out.

Special note: Strainers and drains are typically a 45° angle, but if you come across something else this layout will work with any angle. Simply change the degree of line “AC”.

UNEQUAL LATERAL Y AND BODY continued

Negative Body Template

Negative Body Template Step 1: Draw a 90˚ baseline. Negative Body Template Step 1. Draw a 90 baselineNegative Body Template Step 1. Draw a 90 baseline Step 1. Draw a 90 baselineStep 2: Set dividers to the small radius and Negative Body Template scribe an arc from the apex. Step 2. Set dividers to the small radius and Step 1. Draw a 90 baselineStep 2. Set dividers to the small radius and Step 2. scribe an arc from Set dividers to the small radius and the apex. scribe an arc from Step 3: Trisectthe apex. the arc. scribe an arc from the apex. Step 2. Set dividers to the small radius and Z Z scribe an arc from Step 3. Trisect the arcthe apex. Z Step 3. Trisect the arcStep 4: Project lines from the vertical line Step 3. Trisect the arcout indefinitely through the trisection 4 Z 43 Step 3. Trisect the arcmarks and the top and bottom of the 432 Step 4. Project lines from the vertical line out arc. Starting with the baseline, label 3 2 4 Step 4. Project lines from the vertical line out these lines 1-4. 12 3 Step 4. indefinitely through the trisection marks and Project lines from the vertical line out A2 Step 4. indefinitely through the trisection marks and Project lines from the vertical line out 1A indefinitely through the trisection marks and the top and bottom of the arc. Starting with 1A indefinitely through the trisection marks and the top and bottom of the arc. Starting with 1A the top and bottom of the arc. Starting with the baseline label these lines 1-4. the top and bottom of the arc. Starting with the baseline label these lines Step 5: Draw a line up1-4 from. your baseline the baseline label these lines the baseline label these lines a few inches away1-4. from1-4 the. bottom of the arch. Label this line AZ. B Step 5. Draw a line up from your baseline a few BB Step 5. Step 5. Draw a line up from your baseline a few Draw a line up from your baseline a few B Step 5. inches away from the bottom of the arch. Label Draw a line up from your baseline a few inches away from the bottom of the arch. Label inches away from the bottom of the arch. Label Step 6: Referring to the reference drawing, inches away from the bottom of the arch. Label this line AZ. C this line this line AZ. AZset. dividers from point 1 on line AC to C C this line AZintersection. points on line 1 and 7 on

C the end in the end view. Transfer these 4 4 3 23 Step 6. Step 6. Referring to the reference drawing set Referring to the reference drawing set distances onto line one to the right of line 4 1 2 1 43 2 dividers from point dividers from point Step 6. Referring to the reference drawing set AZ. Repeat1 on line AC to intersection 1for on line AC to intersection line 2,3,4. 3 1 AA 1 1 2 3 44 5 5 6 67 7 Step 6. Referring to the reference drawing set 21 points on line dividers from point 1 and 7 on the end in the end 1 on line AC to intersection A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 dividers from point points on line 1 and 17 on line AC to intersection on the end in the end A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 view. Transfepoints on line r these distances onto line one to 1 and 7 on the end in the end Z points on line view. Transfer these distances onto line one to 1 and 7 on the end in the end Z the right of line view. TransfeStep7:AZ. Repeat for line r these distances onto line one to Using a flex2,3,4. rule, connects these view. Transfethe right of line points.r these distances onto line one to AZ. Repeat for line 2,3,4. Z Z4 4 the right of line AZ. Repeat for line 2,3,4. 3 5 the right of line AZ. Repeat for line 2,3,4. 3 4 4 2 2 6 Step7. Using a Flex rule, connects these points 3 3 4 5 4 Step7. Using a Flex rule, connects these pointsStep 8: Add one inch below drawing for lap 432 1 1 2 3 4 7 5 6 A 3 5 32 2 6 Step7. Using a Flex rule, connects these pointsand cut out template. 2 2 7 Step 8. Add one inch below drawing for lap and Step7. Using a Flex rule, connects these points 1A 1 6 1 1 7 cut out template. A 7 1A 1 Step 8. Add one inch below drawing for lap and Step 9: Trace pattern onto both sides of cut out template.Step 8. Add one inch below drawing for lap and Step 8. Add one inch below drawing for lap and body metal, cutout and roll. Step 9. cut out template.Trace pattern onto both sides of body cut out template. metal cut out and roll.

Step 9. Trace pattern onto both sides of body Step 9. Trace pattern onto both sides of body Step 9. metal cut out Trace pattern onto both sides of body and roll. metal cut out and roll. metal cut out and roll. 45

Lateral Y - 45 Degree layout using ½ section

Of Pipecovering

Cover. rt

RIGID MATERIAL LATERAL Y Cut Lines

2 4 6 6 4 2

1 3 5 5 3 Branch Body 1

Shaded area to be discarded

Lateral Y - 45 Degree layout using ½ section Tips for Straight Line Lateral Y Material Of Pipecovering Development 1. Keep your material parallel from cutting table by using another 34 section of covering facing down pushed up next to the ½ section you are working on.

2. Cut directly on the lines, if you are cutting even a % inch off of your marks,

(thickness of a sharpie), it will impact the Cover. rt

3. KEEP YOUR SAW or KNIFE at a 90 Cut Lines degree angle from the cutting table at all times during your cuts!!! 6 2 4 6 4 2

4. You will always cut from Point 1 to Point 6 and Point 4 to Point 5. It doesn’t matter if

, you’re making your Body or Branch. 1 3 5 5 3 Branch Body 1

Shaded area to be discarded

46 Roof Drains

Roof Drains

Heel Throat ROOF DRAINS Measurements Strainer 1.2 x Your O.D. = Throat .2 x Your O.D. = Heel Measurements: 1 .3 x Your1.2 x YourO.D. O.D. = Arch = Throat Measurement .2 x Your O.D. = Heel

.3 x Your O.D. = Arch Measurement Step 1: Quarter off your covering. ¾ ¼ Step 1: Quarter off your covering. Top View

Step 2: WhereStep 2: yourWhere covering your covering opens opens measure down 1.2measure x your O.D.down 1.2 x your O.D.

½ Step 3: From your 1.2 mark, measure back up 1/3 of your O.D. and then from that

Step 3: Frompoint goyour out 1 in⅕ each mark, direction measure 1/3 backof your up ⅓ of yourO.D. O.D. and then from that point go out in each direction ⅓ of your O.D. Step 4: Draw in your cut line going from .3 .3 .3 your 1.2 mark to your .3 mark up to your ¼ marks on the top of your covering. Step 4: Draw in your cut line going from your 1.2 mark to your .3 mark up to your ¼ marks 1.2 on the topStep of 5:your Spin covering. your covering 180° and go down .2 x your O.D. From that point, draw your cut line to your ¼ marks. Front View Throat Step 5: Spin your covering 180° and go down .2 x your O.D. From that point draw your cut

line to your ¼ marks. .2

Back View Heel

ROOFRoof DRAINS Drains continued Measurements Body 1.4 x Pipe Dia. = Hole cut out ½ the Pipe Dia. Measurements: 1.4 x Pipe.3 Dia. x Pipe = Hole Diameter cut out ½ the Pipe Dia. .3 x Pipe Diameter

Step 1: Get a starting point on your piece of covering, and make a mark. From that point, go down 1.4 x your O.D., which will Step 1: Get a starting point on Starting Point be your ending point. diameter ½ pipe yourStep 2:piece Go up of from covering, your ending and make point a.3 mark,x your andpipe thenDia. and from scribe that a circle.point 1.4 x pipedia.

goStep down 3: Go 1.4 down x your from O.D. your whichstarting point will½ your be pipeyour diameter ending point.and scribe a circle. Step 4: Connect the outer most edge of Stepyour two 2: Go circles. up from your ending

pointStep 5: .3 (Optional) x your pipe You Dia.can split And the distance scribebetween a circle.your two circles and where you connected your two circles with a straight Stepline go 3: out Go an down extra from3/8” and your pencil in an

arch.

.3 pipe sta rting point ½ your pipe Dia.

diameterSide note: andif you’re scribe doing a circle.an unequal lateral Y and you’re swallowing up your

strainer, you can use the above layout. StepJust substitute 4: Connect the the diameter outer of most the pipe edgewith the of diameteryour two of circles. the covering that you’re swallowing up. Step 5: (Optional) you can split the distance between your two circles, and where you connected your two circles with a straight line go out an extra 3/8” and pencil in an arch.

Side note if you’re doing an unequal lateral Y and you’re swallowing up your strainer you can use the above layout. Just substitute the diameter of the pipe with the diameter of the covering that you’re swallowing up.

48 Pants

PANTS Pants

Step 1: Get a piece of lap tape at least a few inches longer then the circumference of the pipe. Step 1: Get a piece of lap tape at least a few Step 2: On the lap tapeinches, mark the quarter longer then the circumference of the pipe. circumference measurements of the pipes

A circumference. Step 2: On the lap tape, mark the quarter

B circumference measurements of the pipes Step 3: With the lap tape starting in the crotch of the circumference. pants wrap it around one of the legs of the pants. Step 3: With the lap tape, starting in the Tape C Step 4: on the top portion of the tape draw a line crotch of the pants, wrap it around one of the legs of the pants. around the pipe marking all the ¼ marks. Step 4: On the top portion of the tape, Step 5: Referring to the drawing to the left. draw a line around the pipeYou’ll need marking all the 3 measurements. ¼ marks.

1. Point “C”Step which will always be 0” 5: Referring to the drawing to the left.

2. Point “B”You’ll will be the same on either side need 3 measurements. 3. Point “A” 1. Point “C” which will always be 0” 2. Point “B” will be the same on either side 3. Point “A”

Step 6: Draw a baseline and mark the Diameter and

radius of your pipe. Step 6: Draw a baseline and mark the

Diameter and radius of your pipe. Step 7: On one side of your diameter go straight up and mark you’re a measurement. (Only use cross hairs Step 7: On one side of your diameter go B Measurement do not draw a vertical line going up)straight up and mark your a measurement. A Measurement (Only use cross hairs. Do not draw a vertical line going up) C Pipe Diameter Step 8: at Point “C” measure out the thickness of your

insulation and draw a 90Step 8:° Atline going down from your Point “C,” measure out the baseline. thickness of your insulation and draw a 90° B line going down from your baseline. Step 9: “A” Point A At your again go out the thickness of your insulation and draw a line going up from your Step 9: At your “A” Point again go out the thickness of your insulation and draw a line baseline and down from your baseline. going up from your baseline and down from your baseline. Step 10: Draw a line from Point “B” through Point “A” to your insulation thickness line.Step 10: Draw a line from Point “B” through

Point “A” to your insulation thickness line. Insulation Thickness Step 11: Draw a line from Point “B” through Point “C” Insulation Thickness Step 11: Draw a line from Point “B” through C to your insulation thickness line. That will give you Point “C” to your insulation thickness line. Point “D” That will give you Point “D.” 49

PANTS continued

PantsStep 12: From Point “D,” make a new baseline Pants 4 Step 13: Set your dividers to the radius of 5 4 Step 12: From Point “D” your covering make a new baselineand sing an arch below your 6 7 5 Step 12: From Point “D” make a new baseline 6 new baseline. 7 Step 13: Set your dividers to the radius of your Step 13: Set your dividers to the radius of your Step 14: Break your arch up into the covering and sing an arch below your new baselinecovering and sing an arch below your new baseline. . 3 appropriate amount of segments. For this 3 Step 14: Break your arch up into the appropriate example, I broke it up 6x. amount of segments. For this example I broke it up Step 14: Break your arch up into the appropriate 6x. 2 amount of segments. For this example I broke it up Step 16: Bring those points up to your Step 16: 1 bring those points up to your angled lines.6x. angled lines. Step 17:2 Starting at your crotch number your points Step 17: Starting at your crotch, number of reference 1-7. 1 Step 16: bring those points up to your angled lines.your points of reference 1-7.

Step 17: Starting at your crotch number your points Step 18: On your material/jacketing go up about 4” from the bottom and draw a line the length of of reference 1-7. your insulated circumference. Step 18: On your material/jacketing, go up about 4” from the bottom and draw a line Step 19: Break up your insulated circumference into the appropriate amount of segments.the length of your insulated circumference. Step 20: Number each segment starting with #1 and transfer your measurements from your layout to your stretch-out. Step 19: Break up your insulated Step 18: On your material/jacketing go up about 4” from the bottom and draw a line the length of circumference into the appropriate amount of segments. your insulated circumference. Step 20: Number each segment starting Step 19: Break up your insulated circumference into the appropriate amount of segments.with #1 and transfer your measurements from your layout to your stretch-out. Step 20: Number each segment starting with #1 and transfer your measurements from your layout to your stretch-out.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

NOTES

51 NOTES

52 Concentric Reduced

CONCENTRIC REDUCER

You will need three measurements for this layout. All measurements are going off an insulated cone.

A) Small radius

B) Large radius

C) True height

Step 1: Draw a vertical line (A) about twice the size of your Lg. O.D.

Step 2: Measure up from the bottom of line A the Lg. radius and draw a horizontal line a little longer than your Lg. radius. We will call that line B.

Step 3: From where line B intersects with line A, measure up your true height and draw a horizontal line a little longer than your Sm. Radius. We will call that line C.

Step 4: On line B, measure out your Lg. radius and make a mark

Step 5: On line C, measure out your Sm. radius and make a mark.

Step 6: Draw a line going up from your Lg. radius mark on line B through your Sm. radius mark on line C up to line A. That point will be the apex where you swing the arches for the body of your cone.

Step 7: Set your dividers to the radius of your Lg. portion of the cone, and swing an arch below line B to line A.

Step 8: Break up your arch below line B into 4 equal parts. (Each part is equal to 1/16 of the circumference of the Lg. portion of the cone.)

53 CONCENTRIC REDUCER continued

Step 9: Set your dividers or trammel points from your apex to the radius mark on line C, and swing an arch going up.

Step 10: Set your dividers from your apex to your radius mark on line B and swing an arch going up.

Step 11: With your dividers, set to 1/16 of the circumference of the Lg. portion of the cone (refer to step #8), start from the angle line and walk them over 8x on the arch you swung up from line B.

Step 12: From the last mark, scribe a line to your apex.

Step 13: Cut out your pattern and trace it to your covering or metal. If tracing to metal, make sure you add for your appropriate laps, beads, notches, and/or crimps.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers

CONCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL)

Concentric Reducer

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

This layout will allow you to draw a center reducer of any size and angle (slope).

The measurements needed are the radius of the small pipe covering; the radius of the large pipe covering; and the length of the slope.

Step 1: Draw a vertical line X-A, about three times longer than the large radius.

Step 2: Measure up the length of the large radius, A-Y, and draw a right angle with Y-E the same length.

Step 3: From the apex Y, measure over the length of the small radius, Y-Z, and draw a vertical guide line Z. Label line Z.

Step 4: From the apex Y, swing an arc connecting to the right angle, A-E. Divide this arc into four equal segments.

Step 5: Using the length of the slope measurement, draw the length of the slope from E to where it intersects line Z.

Extend a line from Z to X to create an apex.

Step 6: Set your dividers from the apex, X to Z, and swing the inside arc.

Set your dividers from the apex X to E, and swing the large arc.

55 CONCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL) continued

Step 7: Draw a start line from the apex through the large arc. This line is drawn just far enough away so you don’t get it mixed up with your drawing. As you become more skilled, you may use line A-E as your start line.

Set your dividers using any of the equal measurements on arc A-E, example B-C.

Step 8: Using this setting, from the start line, Step 16 segments. This will equal the circumference of the pipe covering. Add one more segment for a lap.

Step 9: To allow for notches or crimp, swing an arc Y an inch shorter than X-Z.

And 3/4 inch longer than X-E.

Add 3/4 inch for safety edge.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers

ECCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL)

Eccentric Reducer

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

Step 1: Draw a horizontal line equal to the outside diameter of the large pipe insulation. From the end of this line, draw a half circle equal to the O.D. of the small pipe insulation and a half circle equal to the O.D. of the large pipe insulation.

Step 2: Divide each half circle into 8 equal segments. Number the segments of the large half circle with even numbers and the segments of the small half circle with odd numbers.

Step 3: Draw a horizontal line at least the length of the reducer (weld to weld), label it “A”, and a vertical line from line A to form an apex and label it “B”. From the apex, measure the length of the reducer (weld to weld) on line A to create point C.

On figure 1, set dividers from 0 to 1. Transfer this 0 measurement to figure 2 (up line B from the apex).

Set dividers from 1 to 2. Transfer this measurement to line B from the apex.

Set dividers from 2 to 3. Transfer this measurement to line B from the apex.

Set dividers from 3 to 4. Transfer this measurement to line B from the apex.

Continue through 15 to 16. weld to weld

weld to weld

2 of 3 Eccentric Reducer ECCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL) continued These reference drawings are used to layout the pattern. B 2 of 3 Eccentric Reducer Step 4: Draw the layout drawing: These reference drawings are used to layout the pattern. a) Draw a baseline equal to the length of

the fitting (weld to weld).

b) On figure 1 of the reference drawing,14- 16set dividers to the arc measurement of one of the equal segments of the small half circle and scribe an arc above the right end of the 2 of 3 Eccentric Reducer baseline. 14- 16 2 of 3 Eccentric Reducer Figure 2 These reference drawings are used to layout the pattern. c) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, Step 4: Draw the layout drawing; These reference drawings are used to layout the pattern. B set dividers from point C to #1. Transfer to a) Draw a baseline equal to the Blength of the the layout drawing from point O to create

fitting (weld to weld). point #1. Figure 2 Stepb) On 4: figure Draw 1the of layoutthe reference drawing; drawing, set dividers to d) On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set dividers to the arc measurement of one of thea) arcDraw measurement a baseline equalof one to of the the length equal of segments the of the small half circle and scribe an arc above the right the equal segments of the large half circle. fitting (weld to weld). 14- 16 Scribe an arc above the left end (point 0) of end of the baseline. b) On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set14 dividers- 16 to the baseline. c) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set the arc measurement of one of the equal segments of e) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, dividers from Point C to #1. Transfer to the the small half circle and scribe an arc above the right set dividers from point C to #2. Transfer to layout drawing from Point O to create Point #1. end of the baseline.Figure 2 the layout drawing from point #1 to create

d) On figure 1 of theFigure reference 2 drawing, set dividers to Point #2. Step 4: Draw the layout drawing; c) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set the arc measurement of one of the equal segments of Stepa) Draw 4: Draw a baseline the layout equal drawing; to the length of the dividers from Point C to #1. Transfer to the f) With dividers set to the small arc the large half circle. Scribe an arc above the left end measurement of the small half circle, fittinga) Draw (weld a baseline to weld). equal to the length of the layout drawing from Point O to create Point #1. (Point 0) of the baseline. put a divider point on point #1 and scribe b)fitting On figure (weld 1 to of weld). the reference drawing, set dividers to d) On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set dividers to an arc above. On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set dividers to e)the On arc figure measurement 2 of the of onereference of the equaldrawing, segments set of theb) arc measurement of one of the equal segments of g) On figure 2 of the reference drawing,

dividers from Point C to #2. Transfer to the thethe small arc measurement half circle and of scribeone of anthe arc equal above segments the right of the large half circle. Scribe an arc above the left end set dividers from point C to #3. Transfer to layout drawing from Point #1 to create Point #2. endthe ofsmall the baseline.half circle and scribe an arc above the right (Point 0) of the baseline. the layout drawing from point #2 to create c)end On of figurethe baseline. 2 of the reference drawing, set f)e) With On figuredividers 2 setof tothe the referencesmall arc measurementdrawing, set of point #3. dividersc) On figurefrom Point2 of theC toreference #1. Transfer drawing, to theset thedividers small halffrom circle, Point put C a todivider #2. Transferpoint on Pointto the #1 Continue through Point 16. layoutdividers drawing from fromPoint Point C to O #1.to create Transfer Point to #1. the andlayout scribe drawing an arc from above. Point #1 to create Point #2. g) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set Step 5: Connect the intersecting points d)layout On figure drawing 1 of from the referencePoint O to drawing, create Point set dividers #1. to f) With dividers set to the small arc measurement of dividers from Point C to #3. Transfer to the on each line and cut out the half pattern. thed) arcOn measurementfigure 1 of the of reference one of the drawing, equal segments set dividers of to the small half circle, put a divider point on Point #1 layout drawing from Point #2 to create Point #3. thethe large arc measurement half circle. Scribe of one an of arc the above equal the segments left end of and scribe an arc above.

(Pointthe large 0) of half the circle. baseline. Scribe an arc above the left end Continueg) On throughfigure 2 Point of the16. reference drawing, set e)(Point On figure0) of the 2 baseline.of the reference drawing, set dividers from Point C to #3. Transfer to the Step 5: Connect the intersecting points on each line dividerse) On figurefrom Point2 of theC toreference #2. Transfer drawing, to theset layout drawing from Point #2 to create Point #3. and cut out the half pattern. layoutdividers drawing from fromPoint Point C to #1 #2. to createTransfer Point to #2. the Continue through Point 16. f)layout With drawing dividers from set to Point the small #1 to arc create measurement Point #2. of thef) smallWith dividershalf circle, set putto the a divider small arcpoint measurement on Point #1 of Step 5: Connect the intersecting points on each line and cut out the half pattern. andthe scribesmall halfan arc circle, above. put a divider point on Point #1 International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 and scribe an arc above. g) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set divg) idersOn figurefrom Point2 of theC toreference #3. Transfer drawing, to theset layoutdividers drawing from fromPoint Point C to #2 #3. to createTransfer Point to #3. the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 Continuelayout drawingthrough Pointfrom Point16. #2 to create Point #3. 58

Continue through Point 16. Step 5: Connect the intersecting points on each line andStep cut 5: out Connect the half the pattern. intersecting points on each line and cut out the half pattern.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

ECCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL) continued

3 of 3 Eccentric Reducer

True Height Pattern Slant Height

Add notches, lap and safety edge.

True Height Pattern Slant Height

Slant Height Pattern True Height True

International Association of Heat and Frost59 Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

Hog Nose

For this layout you’ll need three measurements. HOG NOSE A) Lg. O.D. B) Sm. O.D. C) Weld to Weld Hog Nose Step 1: Draw a right angle and label it Line A and B

Step 2: From your apex measure up line A the distance of

your Lg. diameter and make a mark. Hog Nose For this layoutlayout you’llyou’ll needneed three three measurements. Line A

measurements: Line C From your measure over on the distance Hog Nose Step 3: apex line B A) Lg. O.D. Apex Line B Point Y of your reducer, (Weld to Weld) and make a line going up A) Lg. O.D. the distance of your Sm. diameter. That will be line C B)For Sm.B)this Sm. O.D.layout O.D. you’ll need three measurements. C) Weld to weld C) Weld to Weld Step 4: Scribe a line from your Lg. diameter through your Hog Nose For A)this Lg. layout O.D. you’ll need three measurements. small diameter to Line B. That will be Point Y Step 1: Draw a right angle and label it line A andB) BSm. O.D. A) Lg. O.D. For this layout you’ll need threeStepC) measurements. Weld 1: Draw to Weld a right angle and label it Line A and B Step 5: Set your dividers to the radius of your Lg. diameter, StepB) 2: Sm.From O.D. your apex, measure up line and swing an arch from your apex to your Lg. diameter mark A) Lg. O.D. on line A.

C) Weld to Weld 56 4 3 2 1 0 A theStep distance 2: From of your your apex Lg. measure diameter up andline A the distance of B) Sm. O.D. make a mark. yourStep 1:Lg. Draw diameter a right and angle make and a mark.label it Line A and B Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts and number C) Weld to Weld them 0-6 starting at your Apex

Line A Step 3: From your apex, measure over on

Line C Step 2:1: FromDraw youra right apex angle measure and label upover itline Lineon A theA and distance the B distance of line StepB the 3: distance ofapex your reducer (weld lineto B Step 7: With your dividers set to your Apex swing arches Step 1: Draw a right angle and label it Line A and B Line B Point Y your Lg. diameter and make a mark. from 1-5 up to line A Apex weld)of andyour makereducer, a line (Weld going to Weld) up the and distance make a line going up Step 2: From your apex measure up line A the distance of

Line A Step 2: From your apex measure up line A the distance of of yourthe distanceSm. diameter. of your Sm.That diameter. will be line That C. will be line C

Line C your Lg. diameter and make a mark. your Lg. diameter and make a mark.Step 3: From your apex measure over on line B the distance

Step 8: Using a band start from your Y point and go to LineLine A A Apex Line A Line B Point Y StepStepof 4: your Scribe4: Scribereducer, a linea line (Weld from from to your yourWeld) Lg.Lg. and diameterdiameter make a through line going your up LineLine C C Line C Step 3: From your apex measurethroughStep over 3:onyour lineFrom Bsmall the your distance diameter apex measure to line over B. on That line B the distancenumber 6 on line A. Mark where the band intersects with Apex Line B Point Y of your reducer, (Weld to Weld)smallth ande distancemake diameter a line ofgoing yourto upLine Sm. B. diameter. That will beThat Point will Y be line C your A line & C line Apex Line B Point Y will ofbe your point reducer, Y. (Weld to Weld) and make a line going up the distance of your Sm. diameter. That will be line C Step 9: With your Band fixed at your Y point swing the other Stepthe distance 4: Scribe of a your line fromSm. diameter. your Lg. diameter That will throughbe line C your Step 4: Scribe a line from your Step Lg. 5: diameter Set your through dividers your to the radius of end of the band down, and marking where the band small diameter to Line B. Thatyour willsmall Lg. be Point diameterdiameter Y to and Line swing B. That an will arch be fromPoint Y intersects with line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0. Step 5:4: SetScribe your a linedividers from to your the Lg. radius diameter of your through Lg. diameter, your

your apex to your Lg. diameter mark on small diameter to Line B. That will be Point Y line and A. swing an arch from your apex to your Lg. diameter mark Step 5: Set your dividers to the radiuson line of yourA. Lg. diameter, 56 4 3 2 1 0 and swing an arch from your Step apex Step 6: to yourBreak 5: Set Lg. diameter your dividers arch mark up to into the 6 radius equal of your Lg. diameter, on line A. partsand and swing number an arch them from 0-6 your starting apex to atyour Lg. diameter mark 0 1 2 3 4 56 4 56 3 4 2 3 1 2 0 1 0 Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts and number Step 5: Set your dividers to the radius of your Lg. diameter, youron apex. line A. 0 1 2 3 4 56 4 3 2 1 0 them 0-6 starting at your Apex Step 6: Break your arch up into and6 equal swing parts andan archnumber from your apex to your Lg. diameter mark them 0-6 starting at your Apex Stepon 7: line With A. your dividers set to your apex, 56 4 3 2 1 0 Step 76:: WithBreak your your dividers arch up setinto to 6 your equal A pexparts swing and numberarches Step 7: With your dividers swingset to your arches Apex swing from arches 1-5 up to line A. fromthem 10--56 upstarting to line at A your Apex from 1-5 up to line A StepStep 8: Using6: Break a band,your arch start up from into 6 your equal parts and number

Y point Stepthem and 7 0: -With6 gostarting toyour number atdividers your 6Apex set on to line your A. A pex swing arches

Markfrom where 1-5 upthe to band line A intersects with your Step 8: Using a band start from your Y point and go to A lineStep & C8:7: line.UsingWith your a band dividers start fromset to your your Y A pointpex swing and go arches to number 6 on line A. Mark where the band intersects with number from 1-5 6 up on to line line A .A Mark where the band intersects with your A line & C line Step 9: With your band, fixed at your Y

point,your swing A line the & C other line end of the band Step 9: With your Band fixed atStep your Y 8: point Using swing a theband other start from your Y point and go to end of the band down, anddown marking and where mark the band where the band intersects Stepnumber 9: With 6 on yourline ABand. Mark fixed where at your the Yband point intersects swing the with other intersects with line A & C onwith theStep restline of 8: A your Using & numbersC on a band the 4-0. rest start of from your your numbers Y point and go to endyour of A theline band & C line down, and marking where the band 4-0.number 6 on line A. Mark where the band intersects with intersects with line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0. Stepyour 9:A lineWith & your C line Band fixed at your Y point swing the other

end of the band down, and marking where the band Step 9: With your Band fixed at your Y point swing the other intersects with line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0. end of the band down, and marking where the band

60 intersects with line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0.

HogH Noogs Ne ose continued HOG NOSE

te With your band pivoting at the point te With your band pivoting at the point where it was placed on the oint mark the whereStep it10: was With placed your on band the pivotingoint mark at the the distance of pointthe 0 marks where on it your was band.placed on the Y point, distance of the 0 marks on your band. mark the distance of the 0 marks on your te At the far left mark go up 1/12 of your Lg. band. At the far left mark go up 1/12 of your Lg. circumferencete and make a mark. circumferenceStep 11: At the and far make left a mark, mark. go up 1/12 of te swingingyour Lg. the circumference band up mark the and distance make a mark. te swinging the band up mark the distance of #1 marks on the band. Then keep alternating ofStep #1 marks 12: Swinging on the band. the Then band keep up, alternatingmark the between markingdistance up 1/12of #1 of marks the Lg. on Cir. the And band. the Then between marking up 1/12 of the Lg. Cir. And the distance betweenkeep alternating numbers 2- 6.between marking up 1/12 1 distanceof the Lg.between cir. and numbers the distance 2-6. between 1 12 numbers 2-6. 1 12 12 1 12

Lap Lap

te Connect all your points and then cut out your pattern. Trace your pattern to your insulation and te Connect all your points and then cut out your pattern. Trace your pattern to your insulation and or metal. Add your appropriate laps and safety edges to your metal. or metal. Add your appropriate laps and safety edges to yourStep metal. 13: Connect all your points and then cut out your pattern. Trace your pattern to your insulation and/or metal. Add your appropriate laps and safety edges to your metal.

61 NOTES

62 NOTES

63 NOTES

64 International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers

1 of 2 SquareSQUARE to Round TO ROUND 1 of 2 Square to Round

Step 1: Draw the actual size of the Step 1: Draw the actual size of the square Step 1: Draw the actual size of the square object including insulation, and object, including insulation, and divide into square object including insulation, and divide into 4 equal parts. Label the 4 equal parts. Label the center line A-A, and divide into 4 equal parts. Label the Square to Round center line A-A, and the baseline B-B. the baseline B-B. center line A-A, and the baseline B-B. Step 2: Set your dividers for 1/2 of the Step 2: Set your dividers for Vi of the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 outside diameter of the pipe insulation and Step 2: Set your dividers for Vi of the outside diameter of the pipe insulation draw the circle in the center of the square. outside diameter of the pipe insulation and draw the circle in the center of the Divide a quarter of the circle into 4 equal and draw the circle in the center of the 1 of 2 Square to Round segments. square.

square. Divide a quarter of the circle into 4 Divide a quarter of the circle into 4 Step 3: Number 1 through 5. Connect the equal segments. Point B to each of the numbers. equal segments. Step 3: Number 1 through 5. Connect Draw a right angle next to the first drawing. Step 3: Number 1 through 5. Connect the Point B to each of theStep numbers. 1: Draw the actual size of the the Point B to each of the numbers. Step 4: Set your dividers from the Point Draw a right angle next tosquare the first object including insulation, and Draw a right angle next to the first B to the #1. Since the round is coming drawing. divide into 4 equal parts. Label the out of the center, the #5 will be the same drawing. Step 4: Set your dividers centerfrom the line Point A-A, B and to the the #1. baseline Since Bthe-B. round is coming out of distance. Mark this measurement from the Step 4: Set your dividers from the Point B to the #1. Since the round is coming out of the center, the #5 will be the same distance. Mark this measurement from the apex of the apex of the right angle along the baseline the center, the #5 will be the same distance. Mark this measurement from the apex of the of the right angle #5 and #1. right angle along the baselineStep of 2: the Set right your angle dividers #5 andfor Vi#1. of the right angle along the baseline of the right angle #5 and #1. outside diameter of the pipe insulation Step 5: From the same corner, set your Step 5: From the same corner,and draw set your the circle dividers in the to thecenter #2 andof the the #4. Again, since the dividers to the #2 and the #4. Again, since

Step 5: From the same corner, set your dividers to the #2 and the #4. Again, since the round is coming out of thesquare. center, the #2 and #4 will also be equal. Mark this the round is coming out of the center, round is coming out of the center, the #2 and #4 will also be equal. Mark this measurement from the apexDivide of the a quarterright angle of the along circle the into baseline 4 of the right angle #4 and the #2 and #4 will also be equal. Mark this measurement from the apex of the right angle along the baseline of the right angle #4 and #2. Do the same for the #3.equal segments. measurement from the apex of the right #2. Do the same for the Step#3. 3: Number 1 through 5. Connect angle along the baseline of the right angle #4 and #2. Do the same for the #3. Step 6: Set your dividers thefrom Point A to B #1. to eachMark of this the measurement numbers. from the apex of the Step 6: Set your dividers from A to #1. Mark this measurement from the apex of the right angle. Step 6: Set your dividers from A to #1. Mark right angle. Draw a right angle next to the first drawing. this measurement from the apex of the right angle. Step 4: Set your dividers from the Point B to the #1. Since the round is coming out of Step 7: Using the true height of the Step 7: Using the true heightthe center, of the the #5 will be the same distance. Mark this measurement from the apex of the Step 7: Using the true height of the square square to round transition and transfer square to round transitionright and angle transfer along the baseline of the right angle #5 and #1. to round transition and transfer this this measurement to the rise of the measurement to the rise of the right angle. this measurement to the rise of the right angle. This becomes the apex for This becomes the apex for the divider right angle. This becomesStep the 5: apex From for the same corner, set your dividers to the #2 and the #4. Again, since the the divider settings for the layout. settings for the layout. Using a straightedge the divider settings for theround layout. is coming out of the center, the #2 and #4 will also be equal. Mark this Using a straightedge draw reference draw reference lines. Using a straightedge drawmeasurement reference from the apex of the right angle along the baseline of the right angle #4 and lines. lines. #2. Do the same for the #3. Step 6: Set your dividers from A to #1. Mark this measurement from the apex of the right angle.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 International AssociationStep 7: ofUsing Heat theand trueFrost height Insulators of the and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 square to round transition and transfer 65 this measurement to the rise of the right angle. This becomes the apex for the divider settings for the layout. Using a straightedge draw reference lines.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

2 of 2 Square to Round

SQUARE TO ROUND continued 2 of 2 Square to Round 2 of Step2 8: Draw line B-B the widthSquare of one toof Roundthe sides of the square.

a) Set dividers from the apex to #5 on the 2 1 reference drawing and swing an arc from each Step 8: Draw line B-B the width of one of the sidesend of of the line square. B to establish point #5 on the layout a) Set dividers from the apex to #5 on the referencedrawing. drawing and swing an arc from each

end of line B to establish point #5 on the layout drawing.b) Set dividers for 1/16 of the pipe insulation b) Set dividers for 1/16 of the pipe insulation circumferencecircumference and andswing swing an arcan arcto theto theright right and left of point #5.

and left of point #5.

2 of 2 2 1 Square to Roundc) Set dividers from the apex to #4 on the c) Set dividers from the apex to #4 on the reference drawing and swing an arc from each Step 8: Draw line B-B the width of one of the sides of the square. end of Line2 B 1 to establish point #4 on the layout drawing.reference drawing and swing an arc from each Stepa) 8: Set Draw dividers line Bfrom-B the the width apex ofto one#5 on of thethe referencesidesend of of the drawing Line square. B to and establish swing pointan arc #4 from on the each d) Continue to establish points B-3, B-2, and B-l. layout drawing. a) Setend dividers of line from B to theestablish apex topoint #5 on #5 the on referencethe layout drawing drawing. and swing an arc from each endStep ofb) 9:line Set On Bdividers the to establishreference for 1/16 point drawing of #5the on setpipe the dividers insulation layout from drawing. circumferenced) the Continue apex to to A and-establishl. swing points an arc B-3, to theB-2, right and B-l. b)On Set theand dividers layoutleft of fordrawingpoint 1/16 #5. ofswing the pipean arc insulation from each circumference point #1. and swing an arc to the right andSet left c)dividers Setof point dividers for #5. Vi of from the sidethe apex measurement to #4 on the of thereference squareStep 9: drawing and On swingthe andreference an swing arc fromdrawing, an arc each from set end dividers each from the apex to A-l. c)of Set lineend dividers B- ofB Line to fromestablish B to the establish apexpoint to C.point #4 on #4 the on reference the layout drawing drawing. and swing an arc from each endConnect ofd) Line Continue point B to B establish to to establish point pointC to points #1#4 onon B both-the3, B layout sides.-2, and drawing.This BOn-l. is the half layout of the drawing, transition. swing an arc from each point #1.

d) Continue to establish points B-3, B-2, and B-l. Step 9: On the reference drawing set dividers fromSet dividers the apex for to 1/2 A -ofl. the side measurement of 2 1 Draw line B-B the width of one ofStep Stepthe On9:sides 10: On the ofAddthe layout the reference the square. drawingnecessary drawing swing side set anlaps, dividersarc end from laps from each to the pointattach apexsquare #1. to to theand A- l.square, swing an and arc notches from each to end of Step 8: line B-B to establish point C. attach to the round. The other side will be the same with the exception of the safety a) Set dividers from the apex to #5 on the referenceOn theSet layout dividers drawing drawing for and Vi swingswingof the ansidean arcarc measurement fromfrom eacheach point of the #1. square and swing an arc from each end edges replacing the side laps. Connect point B to point C to #1 on both sides. end of line B to establish point #5 on the layoutSet dividers ofdrawing. line B-for B Vi to of establish the side pointmeasurement C. of the squareThis is and half swing of the an transition. arc from each end Connect point B to point C to #1 on both sides. This is half of the transition. b) Set dividers for 1/16 of the pipe insulationof linecircumference B-B to establish and swing point an C. arc to the right Connect point B to point C to #1 on both sides. ThisStep is half 10: ofAdd the the transition. necessary side laps, end and left of point #5. laps to attach to the square, and notches to c) Set dividers from the apex to #4 on the reference drawing and swing an arc from each attach to the round. The other side will be the Step 10: Add the necessary side laps, end lapssame to attach with the to theexception square, of and the notchessafety edges to end of Line B to establish point #4 on the layout drawing. Step attach10: Add to the necessaryround. The side other laps, side end will laps be to the attachreplacing same to with the square,sidethe elaps.xception and notches of the to safety d) Continue to establish points B-3, B-2, andattach B-edgesl. to the replacing round. Thethe sideother laps. side will be the same with the exception of the safety Step 9: On the reference drawing set dividersedges from replacing the apex the to sideA-l. laps. On the layout drawing swing an arc from each point #1. Set dividers for Vi of the side measurement of the square and swing an arc from each end of line B-B to establish point C.

Connect point B to point C to #1 on both sides. This is half of the transition.

Step 10: Add the necessary side laps, end laps to attach to the square, and notches to attach to the round. The other side will be the same with the exception of the safety edges replacing the side laps.

Offset Square to Round

Square to Round SQUARE TO ROUND (OFFSET)

MeasurementsMeasurements Step 1: Get the diameter of the insulated

Step 1: Get theround. diameter of the insulated round.

Step 2: Get the size of the insulated square. Step 2: Get the size of the insulated square.

thgieH eurT thgieH Step 3: Find the distance between the Step 3: Find the distance between the center of the square center of the square and the center of and the centerthe of the round. round.

Step 4: Get yourStep true 4: height Get your true height.

Layout CL Layout Step 5: Draw the actual size of your insulated duct and label the top two corners L & R. Step 5: Draw theStep actual 6: Mark size ofthe your center insulated of your duct, square and onlabel C L the top two cornersthe top L & and R. sides. Draw horizontal line in

the center of your square and mark the Step 6: Mark the center of your square on the top and sides. L R ends AL & AR. Draw horizontal line in the center of your square, and mark the ends AL & AR.Step 7: On the top of the square, measure over the distance of the center of your 5 4 4 Step 7: 3 3 On the offsettop of roundthe square and drawmeasure a line over going the distance 2 AL 1 2 1 AR straight down. of the center of your oﬀset round, and draw a line going straight down. Step 8: Set your dividers to the radius of

your round. Place them where the center Step 8: Set your dividers to the radius of your round. Place of the round and the center of the square them where the center of the round and the center of the Layout intersect and scribe a circle. square intersect and scribe a circle. Step 9: Break up the top portion of the Step 9: Break upcircle the andtop pornumberon of it the1-5 circlethen backand number down it to 1. (Remember each portion is 1/16 of 1-5 the back down to 1. (Remember each por on is 1/16 of your rounds circumference).your rounds circumference).

O set Square to Round

Ma k in g yo ur r ef er en c e dr a w in g Reference Drawing Step 10: Draw a right angle. From your apex go up the distance of True Height (TH) your True Height and make a mark. O set SquareStep 11: to On yourRound layout drawing set your dividers from your AR SQUARE TO ROUND (OFFSET) continued point on the square to your #1 point on your circle, and mark that

distanceM ona yourk in greference yo ur drawing.r ef er eDon thec e same dr a forw iyourn g AL 1 Reference Drawing mark. Step 10: DrawStretch a right out angle. Pattern From your apex go up the distance of Step 12: Set your dividers from your L point to #1 and mark it on True Height (TH) your TrueStep Height 13: and Draw make a line a mark. the length of one side of your reference drawing. Do the same for numbers 2-5. (Repeat Step 11: your square and mark one side L and the other AR AL R R R L L L this step On for yourR1-R5) layout drawing set your dividers from your AR 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 1 R. point on the square to your #1 point on your circle, and mark that distance onA) yourOn yourSreferencet r referenceet c drawing.h o udrawing,t PDoa thet tset esamer yourn for dividers your AL 1 R R L L from your True Height (TH) to R5, and then 5 2 2 5 mark. Step 13: Drawswing a an line arch the goinglength up of fromone side your of R your point square on and Stemarkp 12: one Setyour side your stretchL a nddividers the out other frompattern. R. your L point to #1 and mark it on your reference drawing. Do the same for numbers 2-5. (Repeat A) On yourB) Do reference the same drawing thing setfor youryour dividers L5 point. from your True AR AL R R R L L L this step for R1-R5) 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 1 HeigRememberht (T.H.) to R5, to alwaysand then start swings from an your arch TH going when up from setting your dividers. This time, go up from your your R pointS ont ryouret cstretchh o u outt P paattter.t e r n L point on the pattern and swing an arch. Where R R L L B) Do the same thing for you’re for L5 point. Remember to 5 2 2 5 Step 13: Drawthese a two line linesthe length intersect of one will side give of you your your square 5 and alwayspoint start on from your your stretch T.H. out wh enpattern. setting your dividers, this marktime one goside up L fromand the your other L point R. on the pattern and swing an C) Setting your dividers to 1/16 of the round A) arch. Where these two lines intersect will give you you’re 5 On yourcircumference, reference drawing scribe anset arch your on dividers each sidefrom of your True point on your stretch out pattern. 1 1 Heigyourht (T.H.) #5 point. to R5, Setand your then dividersswings an from arch the going TH upto from 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 C) SeyourttiR4,ng R pointyour by again dividerson your going tostretch 1/16from outof your the pa ttRrounds er.point circumferenceon your

B) scribeDo thestretch an same arch drawing thing on each for to you side swing’r eof for youran L5 arch #5point. point, going Remember and up. thenThis toset youralwayswill dividers start give from youfrom youryour the T.H.4 point. towh R4,en seagaintting going your fromdividers, your this R pointtimeD) go on Continueup your from stretch your this drawingL process point on swing to the get paan thett arcern resth andgoing of swing your up. This an willarch. givepoints Where you on theseyour the 4 Rtwo point. side, lines and intersect then do will the give same you for you’re 5 D) Conpointtithenue on L your thisside. processstretch outto get pa tttheern. rest of your points on the R 1 1 C) side, and then do the same for the L side. 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 SettiStepng your 14: dividers Set your to dividers 1/16 of fromthe rounds your AR1circumference mark AR AL Step scribe14: Setto anyour your arch THdividers on and each swing from side your anof yourarch AR1 #5going mark point, downto yourand fromthen T.H. setand swingyour an yourarch dividers goingR1 point from down onthe fromyour T.H. yourpattern.to R4, R1 again point Do goingthe on sameyour from pa yourttern. R Do L R to the left side of your stretch out pattern Stretch Out Pattern the samepoint to on the your left stretch side of drawing your stretch swing out an paarctthern going using up your. This will giveusing you your your AL1 4 point.measurement on the reference AL1 measurementdrawing. on the reference drawing. D) Continue this process to get the rest of your points on the R Step side,15: SetStep and your then15: dividersSet do yourthe tosame dividers ½ of for one theto side ½ L side.of of one your side square of and Making your reference drawing AR swing an yourarch goingsquare out and from swing your an R archpoint going and L outpoint. from Where AL Step 14: Set your dividers from your AR1 mark to your T.H. and Step 10: Draw a right angle. From your apex, those archyour intersect R point with and the L point.arch from Where the thoselast step arches will give you swing an intersectarch going with down the from arch your from R1 the point last on step your will pa ttern. Do go up theL distance of your True HeightR and your AR and AL points. make a mark. Stretch Out Pattern the samegive to the you le ftyour side ARand of your AL stretch points. out pattern using your SteAL1p measurement 16: Add your aonpp theropriate reference laps. drawing. Step 11: On your layout drawing, set your Step 16: Add your appropriate laps. Flip dividers from your AR point on the square to Ste p 15: Setthis your pattern dividers to make to ½ aof mirror one side image of your for square and the opposite half. your #1 point on your circle, and mark that swing an arch going out from your R point and L point. Where distance on your reference drawing. Do the those arch intersect with the arch from the last step will give you same for your AL 1 mark. your AR and AL points. Step 12: Set your dividers from your L point to #1 and mark it on your reference drawing. Step 16: Add your appropriate laps. Do the same for numbers 2-5. (Repeat this step for R1-R5)

68 NOTES

69 NOTES

70 Dish Head Layout (Gores)

TANKDish HEAD Head LAYOUT Layout (GORES) (Gores)

C Step 1: Draw a right angle. L

Step 1: DrawStep a 2: Right On angelyour .right angle, go up from Measurement your apex the radius of your tank. s Diameter

You will need two measurements Step 2: On your right angel go up from your apex the 1. The Diameter of the insulated

Step 3: From your radius point, make a tank.

radius of your tank. horizontal line. 2. Your Gore length.

Radius Step 3: FromStep your 4: Set radi yourus point dividers make toa horizontal the radius line. of your tank and swing an arc. Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your tank and swing an arc. Step 5: From the bottom of your arc,

measure up your gore length. Make a mark

on your center line (CL). CL Step 6: Break up a quarter of your arc into

Gore length ¼ of the amount of gores that you’ll need. (i.e. if you need 24 gores break up a quarter From the bottom of your arc measure up your Step 5: of your arc 6x.) gore length. And make a mark on your center line (CL).

Step 6: break up a quarter of your arc into ¼ of the Step 7: From your CL of your gore, go out amount of gores that you’ll need. in each direction ½ of the base of your (i.e. if yougore. need 24 gores break up a quarter of your arc 6x.)

Step 8: Bring those points up to your gore length Step 9: Add in lap. On the base of your

gore, go out in each direction 5/8”, and go C up from your gore length 5/8” and connect L those points. Step 7: From your CL of your gore go out in each Gore length Step 10: Add ¾” below your arc for crimp. direction ½ of the base of your gore.

Step 8: Bring those points up to your gore length

Step 9: Add in lap. On the base of your gore go out in each direction 5/8”, and go up from your gore length 5/8” and connect those points.

Step 10: add ¾” below your arc for crimp.

Dish Head Layout (Gores)TANK HEAD LAYOUT (GORES) continued

I n s t a lling Gores to a head Installing Gores to a Head

Step 1: Attach a 6” ring of metal Step 1: Attach a 6” ring of metal around the around the end of your tan body. end of your tank body.

Step 2: ut a circle piece for the Step 2: Cut a circle piece for the center of center of the head. the head.

Step 3: ut strips of metal around 3” wide to hold your center piece in Step 3: Cut 4 strips of metal around 3” wide place. to hold your center piece in place.

Step 4: Attach your four 3” strips of Step 4: Attach your four 3” strips of metal metal to your circle using pop to your circle using pop rivets. riets.

Step 5: lace your circle in the Step 5: Place your circle in the center of center of the head and wrap the 3” the head and wrap the 3” strips around the head and fasten them to the 6” ring on the strips around the head and fasten end of the head. them to the 6” ring on the end of the head.

inish

Step 6: n a horiontal tan you Step 6: On a horizontal tank, you need to

ights start with your starter piece in the center,

need to start with your starter on the bottom of the tank. Then put on the piece in the center, on the bottom

rights then the lefts. Your last piece you will efts of the tan. hen put on the rights install will be the finished piece. then the lefts. our last piece you will install will be the finish piece.

tarter

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers

STANDARD HEAD GORES

Page 1 of 3 Head Gores To use this method, you must go the tank head and take the measurements as follows: Head Gores Step 1: Measure the CircumferenceInternational Association of of Heatthe and Frost insulated Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 Step 1: Measure the Circumference of the tank. insulated tank. Measure across the head of the tank; this is twice the Measure across the head of the tank; this is gore length. Page 2 of 3 Head Gores twice the gore length. Determine the # of gores that you will use. Determine the # of gores that you will use. Diameter # of Gores Diameter # of Gores Up to 3' 28 Up to 3’ 28 3’ to 5' 32 3’ to 5’ 32 5' to 8' 36 5’ to 8’ 36

8' to 12’ 40 8’ to 12’ 40 12'to 20’ 48 12’ to 20’ 48 20' and larger 52 20’ and larger 52 Divide the circumference by number of gores to determine the heel measurement of each gore.

Example 36" diameter = 113” circumference; 113" ÷ 28=4 ⅜” Divide the circumference by number of gores to

determine the heel measurement of each gore. Step 2: Find the center of the head. Stretch a chalk line to where the head starts at the body of the tank. Snap it! Example: 36” diameter = 113” circumference; 113” ÷ 28 = 4” Step 3: To allow for bead and crimp: Step 2: Find the center of the head. Stretch a chalk line Step 6: Trace this pattern out the number of Add 3/4" to the heel measurement; mark half of this measurement on each side of the centerline. to where the head starts at the body of the tank. Snap Add 1/2" to the center point of the tank head; mark half of this measurement on each side of the gores that you will need to complete the tank it! centerline. head. Stretch a chalk line and snap it on each side of the centerline to create a snap line pattern. This gore drawn on the head is used to obtain the measurements needed for the layout drawing. Step 3: To allow for bead and crimp: Divide the snap line pattern into eight equal parts and number 1 through 9. Add 3/4” to the heel measurement; mark half of this Measure each numbered line and write them down. measurement on each side of the centerline. Add 1/2” to the center point of the tank head; Step7: Crimp and bead as necessary. mark half of this measurement on each side of the Step 4: Start your metal pattern with a centerline the length of the gore. Divide into eight equal The starter gore will have two crimp edges. parts, draw perpendiculars through each and number the lines 1 through 9. centerline. Stretch a chalk line and snap it on each side of the Lefts and rights will be used to provide a Step 5: Transfer the measurements taken from the tank head to the corresponding numbers on watershed. centerline to create a snap line pattern. Finish Left Starter Right the layout drawing. Divide each measurement in half and swing arc on each side of centerline. This gore drawn on the head is used to obtain the The finish gore will have two bead edges. measurements needed for the layout drawing. Add 3" to the end to of the pattern for a lap that will roll onto the body of the tank. Divide the snap line pattern into eight equal parts and number 1 through 9. Measure each numbered line and write them down.

Step 4: Start your metal pattern with a centerline the length of the gore. Divide into eight equal parts, draw International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 perpendiculars through each and number the lines 1 Step 8: Before installing the head gores you through 9. will need to: a) Attach a piece of jacketing 4" to 6"wide to the end of the body of the tank. b) Cut a circle for the center of the head. c) Cut two bands of jacketing 2" to 3" wide to hold the center piece in place. 73 d) Attach the center piece to the circumference piece with pop rivets.

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 STANDARD HEAD GORES continued

Step 5: Transfer the measurements taken Page 2 of 3 Head Gores from the tank head to the corresponding numbers on the layout drawing. Divide each measurement in half and swing arc on

each side of centerline.

Page 2 of 3 Head Gores Add 3” to the end to of the pattern for a lap Page 2 of 3 that will roll onto the body of theHead tank. Gores

Step 6: Trace this pattern out the number of gores that you will need to complete the tank

head.

Step 6: Trace this pattern out the number of Step 6: Trace this pattern out the number of gores that you will need to complete the tank Step 6: Trace this pattern out the number Step7: Crimp and bead as necessary. gores that you will need to complete the tank of gores that you will need to complete the head. The starter gore will have two crimp edges. head. tank head. Lefts and rights will be used to provide a Step 7: Crimp and bead as necessary. watershed. Finish Left Starter Right The starter gore will have two crimp edges. The finish gore will have two bead edges. Step7: Crimp and bead as necessary. Lefts and rights will be used to provide a Step7: Crimp and bead as necessary. watershed. The finished gore will have two The starter gore will have two crimp edges. The starter gore will have two crimp edges. bead edges. Lefts and rights will be used to provide a Lefts and rights will be used to provide a watershed. Step 8: Before installing the head gores you watershed.Finish Left Starter Right The finish gore will have two bead edges. Finish will needLeft to: Starter Right The finish gore will have two bead edges. a) Attach a piece of jacketing 4” to 6”wide to the end of the body of the tank. Step 8: Before installing the head gores you b) Cut a circle for the center of the head. will need to: c) Cut two bands of jacketing 2” to 3” wide to hold the center piece in place. a) Attach a piece of jacketing 4" to 6"wide to d) Attach the center piece to the the end of the body of the tank. circumference piece with pop rivets. b) Cut a circle for the center of the head. Step 8: Before installing the head gores you c) Cut two bands of jacketing 2" to 3" wide Step 8: Before installing the head gores you will need to: to hold the center piece in place. will need to: a) Attach a piece of jacketing 4" to 6"wide to d) Attach the center piece to the a) Attach a piece of jacketing 4" to 6"wide to the end of the body of the tank. circumference piece with pop rivets. the end of the body of the tank. b) Cut a circle for the center of the head. b) Cut a circle for the center of the head. c) Cut two bands of jacketing 2" to 3" wide c) Cut two bands of jacketing 2" to 3" wide to hold the center piece in place. to hold the center piece in place. d) Attach the center piece to the d) Attach the center piece to the 74 circumference piece with pop rivets. circumference piece with pop rivets. International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003 International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

STANDARD HEAD GORES continued Page 3 of 3 Head Gores

You are ready to start applying the gores. On You are ready to start applying the gores. a horizontal tank, start at the bottom of the On a horizontal tank, start at the bottom of head in the center with the starter gore. Work the head in the center with the starter gore. your way up the left and right sides and finish Work your way up the left and right sides at the top with the finish gore. and finish at the top with the finish gore. Use dividers to equally space the pop Use dividers to equally space the pop rivets. rivets.

75 Ratio Layout Head Gores

Ratio Layout Head Gores SWIRL LAYOUT HEAD GORES

Example: 4’Diameter tank with 2” of insulation on a 2:1 head. (All measurements are with insulation)

Example: 4’ Diameter tank with 2” of insulation on a 2:1 head. Rise of Head = 14” (Rise of Head+2”) Radius of Insulated (All Tank measurements =26” are with insulation) RatioRise of HeadHead = =:14” .538 (Rise - How of Head to get + 2”) that # is Rise ÷ Radius (14 ÷ 26 = .538)

Radius of Insulated Tank =:26” O.D. of Tank = 52” (48+4=52) CircumferenceRatio of Head = of:.538 Insulated - How to Tank get that = 163 # is ¼Rise (52 ÷ Radiusx 3.14 (14= 163.28) ÷ 26 = .538) O.D. of Tank =:52” (48 + 4 = 52) BaseCircumference of the Gore of =Insulated 5 (How Tank to=:163 get ¼“ this (52 #. x Take3.14 = the 163.28) # of gores your putting on and ÷ by your circumference.13⁄ This head will take 28 gores so 163.28 ÷ 28 = 5.831 13 16 Base of the Gore =:5 /16 (Divide the circumference by the number of gores. This head will take 28 round to the nearest which gives you 5 1) 13 gores so 163.28 ÷ 28 = 5.831 round to the nearest /16 which gives you 5 /16.) 1⁄ 13 16 ⁄16 RatioRatio of of Rise: Rise: TakeTake your your gore gore base base and and multiply multip byly the by ratio the ofratio the ofhead the .538 head .538 1 (5.831 (5.831 x .538x .538 = 3.13=3.13 or or3 / 38) ⅛)

3 Radius + Rise of the head 3.1416 (π) GoreGore Length Length:: 3131 ⅜/8, how’d (Gore to get length this = number? ( ) =) Gore Length (𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑4+𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑) 𝐱𝐱 𝟑𝟑.𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 26 + 14 = 40 x 3.1416 = 125.6 ÷ 426 = + 31.4 14 = or40 31x 3.1416 3/ =125.6 ÷ 4 =31.4 or 31 ⅜ 8 𝟒𝟒 3 13 1 Measurements needed for layout: Gore length 31 /8 Gore Base 5 /16, and Ratio of the Rise 3 /8. Measurements needed for layout: Gore length 31⅜, Gore Base 5 , and 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ratio of the Rise 3⅛. ⁄𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Rise of head 12” 14”

26”

76 RatioSWIRL Layout LAYOUT Head HEAD Gores GORES continued Ratio Layout Head Gores

Step 1: Draw a Ratiocenterline Layout your Gore LengthHead and Gores break it up into 4 equal parts, and Step 1: Gore Length number Draw them a center 1-4. line your and break it up into 4 equal parts, and number Step 1: Gore Length them 1-4 Draw a centerline your and break it up into 4 equal parts, and number Step them 2:1-4 On one end make a 3” back lap. Step 1: Draw a centerline your Gore Length and break it up into 4 equal parts, and number Step 2: On one end make a 3” back lap. them 1-4 Ste p 2: On one end make 1 a 3” back lap. 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 Step 2: On one end make a 3” back lap. 1 2 3 4

C Lap 3” 3” L Lap 3” 3”

C L

Lap 3” 3”

StepStep 3: 3: On On the the top top side sideof your of lap your going lap out going in each out direc inti eachon mark direction ½ of your mark Gore Base.½ of your Gore Base.

Step 3: On the top side of your lap going out in each direction mark ½ of your Gore Base. Step 4: On your centerline go up ½ on your Rise Ratio measurement, and draw an ellipse. Step 4: On your centerline go up ½ your Rise Ratio measurement, and draw an ellipse. (If(IfStep needed 4:3: On refertheyour refer top centerlineto to theside the measurement of measurement your go up lap ½ goingyour sec Risetiout sectionon inRatioin eachlayout inmeasurement, direc layout bootikon on book mark how and on ½to of drawhow your anto Gore ellipse.ellipse)draw Base. an ellipse.) (If needed refer to the measurement section in layout book on how to draw an ellipse) Step 4: On your centerline go up ½ your Rise Ratio measurement, and draw an ellipse. 1 2 3 4 (If needed refer to the measurement section in layout book on how to draw an ellipse) 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

Step 5: Divide each quarter of your ellipse into 4 equal parts, and number them 1-4 Step 5: Step 5: Divide Divide each each quarter quarter of your of ellipse your into ellipse 4 equal into parts, 4 equal and number parts, them and 1number-4 them 1-4. Step 6: Gore Length. Connect the numbers on the ellipse to the corresponding numbers on the Step 6:5: DivideConnect each the qu numbersarter of on your the ellipse ellipse into to the 4 equal correspo parts,nd anding nunumbermbers them on the 1- Gore4 Length. Step 6: Connect the numbers on the ellipse to the corresponding numbers on the

GoreStep 6: Length Connect. the numbers on the ellipse to the corresponding numbers on the Gore Length.

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 4

77 SWIRLRatio LAYOUT Layout HEAD Head GORES Gores continued

Making a Swirled Tank Head Making a Swirled Tank Head Making a Swirled Tank Head 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Step 1: On #1 and # 3 you are going to mark your deflection for the swirl affect. On #1 go to Step 1: On #1 and # 3 you are going to mark your deflection for the swirl affect. On #1 go to Stepthe right1: On of #1 your and center #3 you line are and going on #3 to go mark to the your left ofdeflection your cente forr line. the Yo swirlur de affect.flection On #1the go right to the of your right center of your line center and on line #3 goand to on the #3 le ftgo of to your the cente left rof line. your Yo centerur defle line.ction Your amounts are going to vary, just make sure that your arcs flow smoothly deflectionamounts are amounts going to vary,are going just make to vary, sure just that yourmake arcssure flow that sm youroothly arcs flow smoothly. Step 2: Using a circumference ruler (bend bar) make a smooth arc going from where your StepStep 2: 2: Using Using a circumferencecircumference rule rulerr (bend (bend bar) bar) make make a smooth a smooth arc going arc going from wherefrom where your baseline and center meet through your deflection mark on #1 and back to where your yourbaseline baseline and center and center meet throughmeet through your de yourflecti ondeflection mark on #1 mark and backon #1 to and where back your to where yourcenter center line andline #2 and meet. #2 meet. center line and #2 meet. StepStep 3: 3: Again, Again, using your your circumference circumference ruler ruler, make make a smooth a smooth arc from arc from#2 through #2 through your your Step 3: Again, using your circumference ruler make a smooth arc from #2 through your deflectiondeflection markmark on on #3 #3 and and bac backk to towhere where #4 a#4nd andyour yourcenter center line meet. line meet. deflection mark on #3 and back to where #4 and your center line meet. StepStep 4: 4: Now Now transfer your your d distancesistances from from your your ellipse ellipse to the to correspondingthe corresponding points pointson the on Step 4: Now transfer your distances from your ellipse to the corresponding points on the thegore gore length. length. 1 to 11, to 2 to1, 2,2 toand 2, 3 and to 3. 3 to 3. gore length. 1 to 1, 2 to 2, and 3 to 3.

3 3 2 4 2 4 1 1

Step 5: Using a circumference ruler connect your marks to make your gore pattern. Step 5: Using a circumference ruler connect your marks to make your gore pattern StepSte 6:p Using 5: Using your a circumference pattern make ru aler pattern connect for your rights marks a pattern to make for your lefts gore and pa tta ernstarter piece,Ste addingp 6: Using ¾“ your for payourtter crimp make toa pa thetter appropriate for rights a p side.attern for lefts and a starter piece, Step 6: Using your patter make a patter for rights a pattern for lefts and a starter piece, adding ¾“ for your crimp to the appropriate side. adding ¾“ for your crimp to the appropriate side.

78 Ratio Layout Head Gores In s t a l l in g G o r es t o a hea d

Step 1: A ach a 6” ring of metal SWIRL LAYOUT HEAD GORES continued around the end of your tank body.

Step 2: Cut a circle piece for the center of the head. Side View Front View Installing Gores To A Head Step 1: Attach a 6” ring of metal around the Step 3: Cut 4 strips of metal around end of your tank body. 3” wide to hold your center piece in place. Step 2: Cut a circle piece for the center of CL the head. Step 4: A ach your four 3” strips of metal to your circle using pop Step 3: Cut 4 strips of metal around 3” wide rivets. to hold your center piece in place.

Step 4: Attach your four 3” strips of metal Step 5: Place your circle in the to your circle using pop rivets. center of the head and wrap the 3” strips around the head and fasten Step 5: Place your circle in the center of them to the 6” ring on the end of the head and wrap the 3” strips around the the head. head and fasten them to the 6” ring on the end of the head.

Step 6: On a horizontal tank you need to

start with your starter piece in the center, Step 6: On a horizontal tank you on the bottom of the tank. Then put on the need to start with your starter Finish rights then the lefts. Your last piece you will piece in the center, on the bo om install will be the finish piece. of the tank. Then put on the rights Rights

then the le s. Your last piece you s Le will install will be the ﬁnish piece.

Starter

79 NOTES

80 NOTES

81 NOTES

82 Rubber Reducers

Three Measurements you’ll need

RUBBER REDUCER (CONCENTRIC) Weld to Weld • Weld to weld on the reducer • Circumference of large insulated portion • Circumference of small insulated portion

Rubber Reducers Concentric

Step 1: Wrap a measuring strip around the Lg. portion on the Large reducer and mark the circumference on the strip. Three Measurements you’llPipe Diameter need: Step 2: Now take your measuring strip and get the circumference of the small portion of the reducer.

Weld to weld on the reducer Step 3: On a sheet of Rubber measure out the distance of

your weld to weld, by whatever your Lg. circumference is. Circumference of large insulated portion Three Measurements you’ll need Step 4: Above and below your weld to weld measurement Circumference of small insulated portion add 1 inch.

Rubber Reducers Small Step 5: Break up your large circumference into 4 equal parts Pipe Diameter Weld to Weld • Weld to weld on the reducer

• CircumferenceConcentric of large Reducer insulated portion

Step 1: Wrap a measuring strip around the • Circumference of small insulated portion Three Measurements you’ll need Lg. portion on the reducer and mark the circumference on the strip.

Weld to Weld • Weld to weld on the reducer

• Circumference of largeStep insulated 2: Now portion take your measuring strip and get the circumference of the small portion of • Circumference of small insulated portion the reducer.

Step 3: On aConcentric sheet of Rubber, measure out the distance of your weld to weld, by whatever your Lg. circumference is. Step 1: Wrap a measuring strip around the Lg. portion on the Concentric Large reducer andStep mark 4: Abovethe circumference and below on your the weldstrip. to weld

Pipe Diameter Step 1: Wrap a measuring strip aroundmeasurement, the Lg. portion on addthe 1 inch.

Large reducer and mark the circumferenceStep 2: Now on take the strip. your measuring strip and get the Step 5: Break up your large circumference into Pipe Diameter circumference of the small portion of the reducer. Step 2: Now take your measuring strip4 equal and get partsthe circumference of the small portion of the reducer. Step 3: On a sheet of Rubber measure out the distance of Step 6: Find the difference between the large Step 3: On a sheet of Rubber measure out the distance of your weldand to weld, small by circumference. whatever your Lg. Take circumference that amount is. and your weld to weld, by whatever your Lg. circumference is. divide it by 4. (i.e. Lg. circumference is 18” and : Above and below your weld to weld measurement Step 4: Above and belowStep your 4 weldthe to weld small measurement is 15” the difference is 3”. 3 divided 4 add 1 inch. add 1 inch.is .75 or ¾”)

Small Step 5: Break up your large circumferenceStep into7: Now 4 equal that parts you have ¼ of the difference Small Step 5: Break up your large circumference into 4 equal parts Pipe Diameter between the Lg. and Small circumference, go Pipe Diameter half that distance on each side of your ¼ marks on your rubber.

Step 8: Take those marks straight down through your 1” area then to the center point on the ¼

mark on your rubber

Step 9: Using contact adhesive, glue your voids together and then install on your system.

Step 6: Find the difference between the large and small circumference. Take that amount and divide it by 4. (i.e. Lg. circumference is 18” and the small is 15” the

difference is 3”. 3 divided 4 is .75 or ¾”)

Step 7: Now that you have ¼ of the difference between the Lg. and Small circumference go half that distance on each side of your ¼ marks on your rubber.

Step 8: Take those marks straight down through your 1” area then to the center point on the ¼ mark on your rubber

Step 9: Using contact adhesive glue your voids together and then install on your system.

⅜” ¾” ¾” ¾” ⅜”

Eccentric Reducer Step 6: Find the difference between the large and small circumference. Take that amount and divide it by 4. (i.e. Lg. circumference is 18” and the small is 15” the The only difference between the layout for difference is 3”. RUBBER3 divided 4 is .75 or ¾”) REDUCER (ECCENTRIC)concentric and eccentric reducer is with the eccentric layout you only remove the Step 7: Now that you have ¼ of the difference between the Lg. and Small circumference difference of large and small circumference in Step 6: Find the difference between the large and small circumference. Takego that half that distance on each side of your ¼ marks on your rubber. 3 areas on the ¼ marks amount and divide it by 4. (i.e. Lg. circumference is 18” and the small is 15” the difference is 3”. 3 divided 4 is .75 or ¾”) Step 8: Take those marks straight down through your 1” area then to the center point

Stepon the 6: Find¼ mark the on difference your rubber between the large and small circumference. Take that Step 7: Now that you have ¼ of the difference between the Lg. and Small circumference amount and divide it by 4. (i.e. Lg. circumference is 18” and the small is 15” the go half that distance on each side of your ¼ marks on your rubber. Step 9: Using contact adhesive glue your voids together and then install on your difference is 3”. 3 divided 4 is .75 or ¾”) system. Step 8: Take those marks straight down through your 1” area then to the center point Step 7: Now that you have ¼ of the difference between the Lg. and Small circumference

on the ¼ mark on your rubber

¾” ¾” go⅜” half that distance on each side of your ¼ marks on your rubber.¾” ⅜” Eccentric Reducer

Step 9: Using contact adhesive glue your voids together and then install on your

Step 8: Take those marks straight down through your 1” area then to the center point system. on the ¼ mark on your rubber The only difference between the layout for

concentric and eccentric reducer is with

”

⅜” ¾ ¾” ¾” Step ⅜”9: Using contact adhesive glue your voids together and then install on your

system. the eccentric layout you only remove the

difference of large and small circumference ⅜” ¾” ¾” ¾” ⅜”

in 3 areas on the ¼ marks.

Eccentric Reducer

The only difference between the layout for

concentric and eccentric reducer is with the eccentric layout you only remove the Eccentric Reducer difference of large and small circumference in The only difference between the layout for 3 areas on the ¼ marks concentric and eccentric reducer is with the Eccentric Reducer eccentric layout you only remove the The only difference between the layout for difference of large and small circumference in 3 areas on the ¼ marks concentric and eccentric reducer is with the

eccentric layout you only remove the difference of large and small circumference in

3 areas on the ¼ marks

84 Rubber Mono Tee

WELDS

Step 1: With a measuring strip RUBBER MONO TEE you’ll need to get three

measurements.

A Measuring Strip

A) Measure down around and back up on your Tee from Rubber Mono Tee center of weld to center of weld. B) Measure the body of your Tee from center of weld to Step 1: With a measuring strip, you’ll need center of weld. WELDS to get three measurements: B C) Measure the throat of the Tee from weld to weld. Measuring Strip

Step 2: To both you’re A & B A): Measure down, around and back up Step 1: With a measuring strip measurements you’ll need to add on your tee from center of weld to 2x the thickness of your covering.

you’ll centerneed toof getweld. three Step 3: To your C measurement

measurements. you’ll need to add 2”

A B): Measure the body of your tee from Measuring Strip center of weld to center of weld. A) Measure down around and C): Measure the throat of the teeC from weldback to up weld. on your Tee from

Step 2: centerTo both ofyour weld A & toB measurements, center of you’ll needweld. to add 2x the thickness of your covering. B) Measure the body of your Step 3: To your C measurement, you’ll need toTee add from2”. center of weld to center of weld. B C) Measure the throat of the Tee from weld to weld. Measuring Strip Step 2: To both you’re A & B measurements you’ll need to add 2x the thickness of your covering.

Step 3: To your C measurement you’ll need to add 2”

RUBBER MONO TEE continued

StepStep 4: 4: ra Draw aa rectangleretangle with th your new

yourA&B nemeasurements. A&B measurements

StepStep 5: 5: BreaBreak thethe long lon gside sde of oyour yourrectangle retangle (A) into A 1/3’s, nto and ⅓’s, the and short side (B) in ½”. B the short sde B n

StepStep 6 6:: Go Go in ½“a ½ on “on all allfour four corners and scribe marks. orners and srbe mars

StepStep 7: 7: raDraw aa line lne through through those those intersecting marks. ntersetng mars

StepStep 8: 8: ong Going inn fromrom your your corners, center your C line and then go out half your C A ornersmeasurement enter in your each direction. lne and

then go out hal your measurementStep 9: Connect n the eah ends dreton of your C line

to your 1/3” marks on your A line, and the

Stepother 9: ends onnet to just the short ends of your o your ½ marks on your B line. lne to your mars on you’re a line, and the other ends to ust short o your mars on

your B lne

86 Rolled Rubber Edge

ROLLED RUBBER EDGE

Rolled Edge End Cap

Step 1: Figure the diameter of the rubber endcap that you need and add the thickness of your insulation to it and

cut that size out of your rubber. (ex. 12”

endcap, ¾” rubber, set dividers to 6-3/8” scribe an circle and cut it out.)

Step 2: From the edge of your endcap, go in the thickness of your rubber and make a mark. Then, with your dividers, set in the center of your endcap, scribe an inner circle.

Step 3: On your inner scribe line, cut down ½ the thickness of your rubber and remove that channel all the way around your end cap.

Step 4: Put an even thin layer of contact adhesive throughout the whole channel.

Step 5: Let your contact adhesive setup, then roll up your edges so they are flush with the inside of your endcap.

87 ROLLED RUBBER EDGE continued

Step 1: Get the size of your collar piece you’ll need. (the width of your flange plus the thickness of your rubber on each side for the end caps).

Step 2: Once you have the width of the actual size of the collar you want, you’ll need to add the thickness of your rubber to it. If our finish collar is going to be 12”, and 12” we’re using ¾” rubber we’ll cut a piece of rubber 12 ¾”.

Step 3: Now go in on each side the thickness of your rubber and scribe a line down the length of your rubber.

Step 4: On your inner scribe line, cut down ½ the thickness of your rubber and remove that channel all the way down your collar.

Step 5: Put an even thin layer of contact adhesive throughout the whole channel.

Step 6: Let your contact adhesive setup, then roll up your edges so they are flush with the inside of your collar.

88 90 Welded Elbow

Long Radius Measuring strip to Find your Circumference 2-Piece (Butterﬂy)

CLR 90 WELDED ELBOW Center of weld (LONG RADIUS) R1

Pipe Diameter

90 Welded Elbow ¼ CLR T

Circumference Long Radius MeasuringMeasuring strip to to findFind yourthe circumferenceCircumference 2-Piece (Butterﬂy) Measuring Strip

¼ ¼ = T

CLR

R1 = CLR – (pipe radius + rubber thickness) R2 = R1 + ½ Circumference R1 ½ Circumference

CLR Center of weld R1

Pipe Diameter

¼ CLR T

Circumference

Measuring Strip

¼ ¼ = T

CLR

R1 = CLR – (pipe radius + rubber thickness) R1 = CLR - (pipe radius + rubber thickness)

R2 = R1 + ½1 Circumference R2 = R1 + /2 Circumference R1 ½ Circumference

89 90 Welded Elbow

Short Radius Measuring strip to Find your Circumference 2-Piece (Butterﬂy)

CLR 90 WELDED ELBOW Center of weld (SHORT RADIUS) R1

Pipe Diameter

90 Welded Elbow 3/8CLR T

Short Radius MeasuringMeasuring strip strip to to Circumference findFind yourthe circumferenceCircumference 2-Piece (Butterﬂy) Measuring Strip

3/8 = T

CLR R1 = CLR – (pipe radius + rubber thickness)

R2 = R1 + ½ Circumference R1 ½ Circumference

CLR

Center of weld R1

Pipe Diameter

3/8CLR T

Circumference

Measuring Strip

3/8 = T

CLR R1 = CLR – (pipe radius + rubber thickness) R1 = CLR - (pipe radius + rubber thickness) R2 = R1 + ½ Circumference R2 = R1 + 1/ Circumference R1 ½ Circumference 2

90 2 Piece

Rubber Reducing 90

RUBBER REDUCING 90

For this layout, you’ll need following measurements.

For this layout, you’ll need following measurements. For this layout, you’ll need following measurements:

1. Lg.1. pipeLg. CLR pipe CLR

2. Lg. and sm. 1.PipeLg. diameters pipe CLR 2. Lg. and sm. Pipe diameters 3. Lg. and sm. 2.InsulatedLg. and circumferences sm. Pipe diameters 4. Lg.3. andLg. sm. and Throat sm. radiiInsulated circumferences 3. Lg. and sm. Insulated circumferences 4. Lg. and sm. Throat radii The example fitting4. Lg. is and a 12”-6” sm. Throatreducing radii 90 covered in 1/2” thick armaflex insulataion

The exampleCLR is based fitting on the is aLg. 12” pipe-6” size reducing for a Long 90 Radius 90 The example fitting is a 12”-6” reducing 90 coveredCLR=18 incovered ½” thick in ½”armalfex thick armalfex insulation insulation

CLR is basedLeg.CLR pipe on is the diameter=based Lg. onpipe the 12.75 size Lg. orforpipe 12-3/4 a size Long for Radius a Long 90 Radius 90

CLR= 18 CLR= 18Sm. pipe diameter is 6.625 or 6-5/8 CLR CLR Lg. pipe diameter= 12.75 or 12 ¾” Lg. pipeUse diameter= a measure 12.75 strip or to 12 the ¾” lg and sm insulatedSm. pipe circumfrances. diameter= 6.625 or 6 5/8” Sm. pipe diameter= 6.625 or 6 5/8” Use a measuring strip to the lg. and sm. insulated Use a measuring strip to the lg. and sm. insulated circumferences. circumferences.

CLR CLR Large Small Large Pipe Diameter SmallPipe Diameter

Pipe Diameter Pipe Diameter

Lg. circ. = 41 ½” sm. circ.= 22 ¾”

Lg. Thecirc. CLR = 41 is ½”constant throughout sm. the circ.= fitting. 22 ¾”So to find the large and small throat radii subtract ½ The CLR is constant throughoutof the the fitting. pipe diameter from the CLR. The CLR isSo constant to find the throughout large and thesmall fitting. throat So radii to find the large and small throat radii subtract ½ subtract ½ of the pipe diameter from the CLR. of the pipeSmall diameter 18- 3.3125 from = 14.6875 the CLR. or 14 11/16 “ 5/8 Small 18- 3.3125 = 14.6875 or Large14 11/16“18- 6.375 = 11.625 or 11 ” Small 18- 3.3125 = 14.6875 or 14 11/16 “ Large 18- 6.375 = 11.625Large or 18 11- 5/8”6.375 = 11.625 or 11 5/8”

91 RUBBER REDUCING 90 continued

Step 1: Draw a right angle

Step 1. ra a right agle Step 2: Measure up the vertical line from Step 2. easure up the ertical lie rom the ape the apex and mark the small throat radius. ad mar the small throat radius. easure up rom Measure up from this point ½ the small this poit ½ the small circ. ad mae a mar. circ. and make a mark. Step 3. ra a 11 lie out rom your ape. Step 3: Draw a 11 ¼° line out from your Special note: 12” of run and 2 15/16” of rise will apex. form a 11 ¼° angle Step 1. ra a right agle Special note: 12” of run and 2 15/16” of Step 2. easure up the ertical lie rom the ape rise will form a 11 ¼° angle Step 4. easure out rom your ape alog the ad11 mar the small throat radius. easure up rom lie ad mar your large throat radius. easureth is poit ½ the small circ. ad mae a mar. Step 4: Measure out from your apex along rom this poit out ½ the large circ. ad mae aStep 3. ra a 11 lie out rom your ape. the 11 ¼° line and mark your large throat mar. Special note: 12” of run and 2 15/16” of rise will form a 11 ¼° angle radius. Measure from this point out ½ the Step 5. ted your horiotal ad ertical aselies Step 4. easure out rom your ape alog the 11 large circ. and make a mark. do ad out rom your ape. hese aselies ill lie ad mar your large throat radius. easure sere as ad aes. he 11 lie ill also sererom this poit out ½ the large circ. ad mae a Step 5: Extend your horizontal and vertical as the aes. mar. baselines down and out from your apex. Step 5. ted your horiotal ad ertical aselies Step 6. sig the throat radii to set your heightdo ad ad out rom your ape. hese aselies ill These baselines will serve as X and Y axes. idth dra a ellipse etee these poits. sere as ad aes. he 11 lie ill also sere The 11 ¼° line will also serve as the x axes. as the aes. Step 7. sig the ½ circ. mars to set your height ad Step 6. sig the throat radii to set your height ad Step 6: Using the throat radii to set your idth dra a ellipse etee these poits. idth dra a ellipse etee these poits. height and width, draw an ellipse between Step 7. sig the ½ circ. mars to set your height ad dd the thicess o the isulatio to oth Step 8. idth dra a ellipse etee these poits. these points. eds o the ittig. Step 8. dd the thicess o the isulatio to oth eds o the ittig. Step 7: Using the ½ circ. marks to set your Step 9. ut out template, lip ad trace to mae a mirror image glue ad istall. Step 9. ut out template, lip ad trace to mae a height and width, draw an ellipse between mirror image glue ad istall. these points.

Step 8: Add the thickness of the insulation to both ends of the fitting.

Step 9: Cut out template, flip and trace to make a mirror image glue and install.

92 NOTES

93 NOTES

94 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Insulation Industry International Apprentice and Training Fund would like to thank the following for contributing to this book.

Bob McGuckin, Local 17 Training Coordinator

Shawn Craven, Local 17 Instructor

Ben Frank, Local 17 Instructor

95 NER LIS E GY CONSERVATION SPECIA TS