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Pauropoda (Myriapoda) in Australia, with Descriptions of New Species from Western Australia

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Pauropoda (Myriapoda) in Australia, with Descriptions of New Species from Western Australia RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 82 001–133 (2013) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.82.2013.001-133 SUPPLEMENT Pauropoda (Myriapoda) in Australia, with descriptions of new species from Western Australia U. Scheller Häggeboholm, Häggesled, S-53194 Järpås, Sweden. ABSTRACT – In a collection of 4,604 specimens of Pauropoda from the Western Australian jarrah forest 10 genera were represented and 59 species have been identifi ed, 51 of them new species named and described below: four in Pauropus, six in Allopauropus, 33 in Decapauropus, three in Stylopauropoides, and one each in Juxtapauropus, Rabaudauropus, Nesopauropus, Hemipauropus and Antichtopauropus. The genus Amphipauropus is reported from Australia for the fi rst time. Harrison’s collection from 1914 from New South Wales has been restudied. Keys to the families and genera so far known from Australia are given. All valid species known from Australia, 89 at present, have been listed in a systematic section. The main part of the Australian species is not known from elsewhere. KEYWORDS: taxonomy, biodiversity, soil fauna, biogeography, endemism INTRODUCTION further investigation of the taxonomy and distribution of the Pauropoda in Australia. The study is two parted, The Pauropoda is a class within the Myriapoda, and it groups together all the species so far known from are the smallest ones with a body length of 0.5-2 mm Australia into the classifi cation of today but it describes and are whitish-brownish, with bifurcate antennae and also a large collection from a Western Australian survey 8-11 pairs of legs as adults (Scheller 1988, 1990, 2011b). at Dwellingup of soil and litter invertebrates in a jarrah Pauropods seem to be much more diverse than expected, forest (Postle et al. 1991). Thanks to Dr Postle the at present 12 families have been described with 47 pauropods found, all 4604 specimens, were entrusted genera and more than 830 species. They are generally to the author. The identifi cation revealed 59 species, 51 soil-living and widely distributed on all continents. of them new species described below: four in Pauropus, There are two orders, Hexamerocerata and six in Allopauropus, 33 in Decapauropus, three in Tetramerocerata. The former is characterised by Stylopauropoides, and one each in Juxtapauropus, 6-segmented telescopic antennae and 10-11 pairs of Rabaudauropus, Nesopauropus, Hemipauropus and legs as adults, the latter has 4-segmented not telescopic Antichtopauropus. The main part of our present antennae and 8-10 pairs of legs as adults. All Australian knowledge of the Australian Pauropoda comes from pauropods known so far belong to Tetramerocerata. The Dr Postle’s collection and the survey of the Tasmanian Hexamerocerata is tropical and poor in species, only temperate rain forest published a few years ago (Scheller eight known, and has not yet been found in Australia but 2009b, 2011a). These surveys are discussed in some might occur, at least in the northern part. details below after the section Systematics. The Pauropoda has world-wide distribution and occur To facilitate search of information the species have in all climatic zones. Because of their cryptozoic living been listed alphabetically within the genera. The and generally narrow ecological tolerances they may be species are presented with information of name, author, a most valuable material for studies of the zoogeography and publication data for the original description and later additions, also other literature references and and good indicators of the status of forest lands. distribution records so far known, and if a species has been collected outside Australia the general distribution MATERIAL AND METHODS too. The descriptive terms are listed in Scheller (1988). The information presented below, although of variable The specimens of the collection from Dwellingup quality and completeness, may provide a basis for the were studied in ethanol using a Zeiss light microscope urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1E8DB13B-4DA9-407D-BE10-B33F83943A02 2 U. SCHELLER and have been deposited in the Western Australian from Western Australia, partly from Kimberly Research Museum, Perth (WAM). Station, south of Wyndham, and partly from Gnangara, Abbreviations: ad. …, subad. … and juv. … = an north of Perth. He found there (Remy 1957b) two species adult, a subadult or a juvenile specimen with the from the former place, the new Kionopauropus lituiger number of pairs of legs indicated. Body lengths are in (Remy) and the wide-spread Polypauropus duboscqi mm, otherwise the text refers to relative lengths. In Remy, and four species at the latter place, three new Allopauropus eumekes sp. nov. some lengths are given species, Decapauropus notius Remy, D. spicatus in μm. Range of variation in adult paratype(s) given in Remy, Stylopauropoides bornemisszai Remy, and brackets (in subadults in Decapauropus fruticulus sp. Juxtapauropus dugdalei (Remy), the latter earlier known nov. and Juxtapauropus fl exus sp. nov.) from New Zealand. In later years two collections of great interest have LITERATURE RECORDS been accounted for, a large material from the temperate rainforests in Tasmania (Scheller 2009b, 2011a) with Though nearly one and a half centuries have passed 19 species most of them new, discussed in some details after the discovery of the Pauropoda in London after Systematics, and a small but valuable material from (Lubbock, 1867) only a limited number of species has the southern part of Western Australia (Scheller 2011a) been reported from Australia and knowledge of them, with Decapauropus tenuis Remy and three new species: from its humble beginning in the nineteenth century has Stylopauropoides wungongensis, S. lapicidarius and increased slowly and sporadically. Antichtopauropus brevitarsus, the latter belonging to No scientific interest was shown until Launcelot a new family. These papers have defi nitely told us that Harrison, the University of Sydney, in 1914 collected the pauropods show a high variability in Australia with and described five species from the Sydney area, many probably endemic species, from Western Australia Lindfi eld and Broken Bay (Harrison 1914). He placed even a new family, Antichtoauropodidae, which might four of them in Pauropodidae (Pauropus amicus, P. be endemic. australis, P. novae-hollandiae, P. Burrowesi) and one Two more papers have been published in later years in Eurypauropodidae (Eurypauropus speciosus). His but they are of little value and are mentioned here records were then repeated by R.V. Chamberlin (1920), only for the sake of completeness, Greenslade and who however placed wrongly the Eurypauropus species Scheller 2002, a summing up of the Australian species, in Pauropodidae. unfortunately not correct in all details, and Greenslade Next time the Australian pauropods appear in the 2008, a paper with many errors and not to trust upon. literature is when K.W. Verhoeff (1934) expressed his doubt of Harrison’s generic placing of his species, and HARRISON’S COLLECTION a year later R.S. Bagnall (1935) established a new genus In May 1914 Launcelot Harrison, University of in Eurypauropodidae, Australopauropus, for Harrison’s Sydney, discovered the first two species of the Eurypauropus speciosus. Australian Pauropoda which he collected among fallen With the studies in the 1940s by Professor O.W timber at Lindfi eld, now a suburb of Sydney, and under Tiegs, Melbourne, and Professor P.A. Remy, Brunoy, a stone at Broken Bay, just north of Sydney, Pauropus the study of the Australian pauropods got a well- amicus at both sites and P. novae-hollandiae from founded approach. Tiegs described a new species from Broken Bay only. Later he found three more species, Victoria (1943) which he also used for his study “The Pauropus australis, a common species in bark-sheets development and affi nities of the Pauropoda, based at Lindfi eld and Broken Bay, P. Burrowesi a single on a study of Pauropus silvaticus” (Tiegs 1947), an subadult specimen under a stone at Broken Bay, excellent and detailed study, still of great interest. Lobster Beach, and Eurypauropus speciosus, four A few years later P.A. Remy (1949) made a short specimens under small stone on mossy bank at Broken summing up of the species known and reported fi ve Bay. At this time the development of taxonomy and species from Victoria, Tiegs’s Pauropus silvaticus, the systematics of the Pauropoda was in their beginning two new species Stylopauropoides tiegsi (Remy) and so his descriptions are incomplete and his species have Stylopauropus brito Remy and the two wide-spread partly to be transferred to other genera. Harrison’s study Stylopauropus pedunculatus (Lubbock) and Pauropus is treated below. His material is lodged in Australian lanceolatus Remy. The latter two were reported from Museum, Sydney, and is regrettably in a bad condition. gardens, for the other three species Remy did not give The descriptions are fairly detailed but partly diffi cult the habitat, but from Remy’s collecting elsewhere to understand. The type specimens have been restudied it is known that he most often collected in habitats and the result is given below. Three of the fi ve species more or less infl uenced by man. In a later study Remy are incertae sedis and two are valid. The latter are also accounted for some pauropods collected by G.F. treated in the systematic section where the descriptions Bornemissza, CSIRO, Canberra, in the early 1950s have been amended as far as it has been possible. PAUROPODA IN AUSTRALIA 3 Pauropus amicus Harrison, 1914 a1 distinctly shorter than a2 and a3; st cylindrical, the length 0.5 of interdistance. The pygidial sternum has sparse, long pubescence behind the setaeb , the latter Pauropus amicus Harrison 1914: 617–620, plate 70, 3 fi gures 1–11. long, blunt. The anal plate (Figure 1A here) proportionally large MATERIAL EXAMINED and with four branches directed posteriorly and much more slender than shown in the original description. Type specimen (AM KS 042009) from Lindfi eld, New South Wales, Australia.
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