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Pauropoda (Myriapoda), a Class New to the Dutch Fauna, with the Descrip- Tion of a New Species

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Pauropoda (Myriapoda), a Class New to the Dutch Fauna, with the Descrip- Tion of a New Species Pauropoda (Myriapoda), a class new to the Dutch fauna, with the descrip- tion of a new species Pauropoda are tiny, whitish and blind myriapods Ulf Scheller1, Matty P. Berg2 & 3 with antennae which are peculiarly branched. Maurice G.M. Jansen They are soil and litter dwelling and can be col- 1Häggeboholm lected from litter or under logs and stones on Häggesled hill slopes and ditches. Movements resemble 53194 Järpås Sweden those of a mouse: short rushes with occasional [email protected] stops. They can turn their body in a u-shape, 2 which distinguishes them from equally sized Vrije Universiteit Institute of Ecological Science springtails. Pauropods are difficult to spot due Department of Animal Ecology to their small body size and aggregated occur- De Boelelaan 1085 rence. For the first time a collection of Pau r o- 1081 HV Amsterdam po d a has been brought together from natural si- 3Entomology Section tes in The Netherlands. The collection contains Plant Protection Service 265 specimens of eight species of the genus Al- PO Box 9102 6700 HC Wageningen lopauropus, all new to the fauna of The Nether- lands. One species, Allopauropus (Decapauro- pus) montidiabolus Scheller is new to science and is described below. One species is rep o r t e d da m a g ing plants in a greenhouse. Entomologische Berichten 64(1): 3-9 Key-words: Pauropoda, Allopauropus montidiabolus, Myria- trast. All pauropods have an anal plate, a most peculiar and poda, soil fauna, plant pests, distribution, The Netherlands taxonomically valuable structure which projects backward from the posteromedian part of the pygidial sternum (figure Introduction 13). Even in the immature stages almost every species has a characteristic plate of its own, which often helps to imme- Pauropoda is one of the four classes in the Myriapoda. Pau- diately identify a species. However, despite good characters, ropods are elongate, 0.3-1.7 mm long, blind, progoneate, the lack of good keys is a huge obstacle to master pauropod with antennae which are peculiarly branched (figure 1). The study. In the present state of things almost every identified group was discovered by Sir John Lubbock in his own gar- specimen has to be checked with original descriptions spread den in England in 1866 (Lubbock 1867) and has long been over a lot of papers in many journals. This is necessary not considered to be rare. At the beginning of the 20th century, only as a consequence of the lack of reliable keys, but also when two reviews had been published (Hansen 1902, Silves- because new species frequently emerge in most collections. tri 1902), the number of species had reached about 40, a Pauropods belong to the cryptozoic fauna and live main- figure now risen to over 700. The world fauna comprises two ly in the soil, but occur sometimes in litter too. They inhabit orders with five families and 30 genera. a variety of plant communities and soil types, including agri- Pauropods are identified on basis of their external struc- cultural habitats, and they occur on decaying logs or under ture. Characters of primary importance are the chaetotaxy bark and moss. They are most abundant near the soil sur- and the shape and relative proportions of several organs: i.e. face to 10-20 cm depth, but can penetrate into deep subsoil the head with antennal branches, the flagella and temporal layers. Their occurrence is most often very patchy and the organs, the collum segment, the tergites, bothriotricha, pygi- populations are sparse. dium and legs (figures 2-13). Identification is laborious. A The free-living pauropod fauna of The Netherlands has specimen under study has to be examined at high magnifica- not been investigated and as far as we know no record has tion (1000x) in oil immersion, if possible with phase con- been published previously. We have visited twelve locations Entomologische Berichten 64(1) 2004 3 1999 the first author came over to The Netherlands. In April of that year forested hills near Rhenen, Nijmegen, both in Gelderland, and Maastricht, Limburg, were visited. At the lo- wer end of the slopes individual specimens were collected in si t u . They were picked from the underside of moist stones, bark-less logs and branches with a fine brush. The majority of the species move quickly and intermittently and are easy to distinguish from other small soil-living arthropods, exce p t a few collembolans. Specimens were transferred to small glass tubes filled with 70% ethanol. In addition to collection by hand a few soil core samples (10 cm diameter, to a depth of 5 cm) were taken per site and pauropods were ext r a c t e d during three weeks in Tullgren funnels (Van Straalen & Rij- ninks 1982). From 1994-2000 pauropods have been collected fr om twelve locations in The Netherlands (figure 14). List of Dutch species The first author has identified eight species now known to oc- cur in The Netherlands. One of the species is new to science and is described below. In order to promote further studies on pa u r opods the original literature with a description has been given for each of the species. Detailed infor- mation on the sample location (name and UTM co-ordinates), sample date (d a y , month, year), habitat, and number, stage and sex (be- tween brackets, male (?), female (/)) of specimens is given. The known general distribution of the species involved is con- a b densed from literature (Scheller 1990, 1996, 1998). These eight species are probably only a fraction of the species be- longing to the Dutch fauna. Judging from the distribution of pa u r opods in Scandinavia (twelve species), England (23), Bel- gium (twelve), Germany (23) and France (69 species) (h t t p : / / w w w. f a u n a e u r .org) many more species are expected to Figure 1. Habitus of a Pauropoda. a lateral view, b dorsal view. occur in The Netherlands. All species listed below, with the ex- Habitus van een vertegenwoordig van de Pauropoda. a zijaanzicht, b bo- ception of Allopauropos tenuis and A. montidiabolus, have venaanzicht. been recorded in the countries surrounding The Netherlands. in The Netherlands in search for pauropods. We collected Abbreviations of provinces 265 specimens belonging to eight species. All species of the GE = Gelderland, LI = Limburg, NB = Noord-Brabant, NH Dutch fauna belong to the order Tetramerocerata, characte- = Noord-Holland, UT = Utrecht rised by antennae with a four-segmented stalk. They are white or whitish with a thin cuticle and belong to the family Order Tetramerocerata Pauropodidae. Members of other families can be creamy or Family Pauropodidae brownish. The Dutch species have three, five or six pairs of Subfamily Pauropodinae legs as juveniles, eight pairs of legs in the subadult stage, and nine or ten pairs of legs as adults. Due to the recent col- Genus Allopauropus Silvestri, 1902 lecting we are able to present a first review of Pauropoda in Subgenus Allopauropus Silvestri, 1902 The Netherlands. Allopauropus (A.) danicus (Hansen, 1902) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjø- Sampling benhavn 1901: 376-378, pl. 3, fig. 4a-f. UT: Rhenen, Grebbeberg, 27.iv.1999, in litter on loamy sand, 1 As part of a Collembola survey the second author collected, ad., 9 leg pairs (?), UTM FT 7859, M.P. Berg. more or less by chance, the first specimens of pauropods for The Netherlands in April 1994 in a garden at Sassenheim, Allopauropus danicus was collected only at one location, Zuid-Holland. At home, while studying the material under the with one specimen, half way on the slope on the south side mi c r oscope, the pauropods were noticed among the large of the lateral moraine Grebbeberg, at Rhenen. The habitat numbers of Collembola. Unable to identify the specimens to consisted of mixed deciduous forest on sandy clay. The the species level the material was stored in alcohol. After a moist to dry litter was on average 7-8 cm thick. It was found visit to the first author in Sweden in 1998 it became clear together with A. gracilis. where to search for Pau r opoda, after which collected material Allopauropus danicus is widely distributed in Europe and fr om various places was sent to Sweden for identification. In may be subcosmopolitan. 4 Entomologische Berichten 64(1) 2004 8 9 2 7 5 10 11 6 b2 3 l1 12 a3 st a2 b1 a1 13 4 P Entomologische Berichten 64(1) 2004 5 The species is common in Europe and more often found in the north than in the south. It is also known from North Africa, the Mascarenes (Réunion), and the USA. Its distribu- tion is at least Holarctic. Allopauropus (D.) distinctus Remy, 1936 Zoologischer Anzeiger 116: 313, fig. 1. LI: Maastricht, ENCI-bos, 29.iv.1999, under stone on loess,1 juv. 6 leg pairs, UTM FS 8833, M.P. Berg & U. Scheller. Only one specimen was collected from the ENCI-forest near Maastricht. It was collected at the lower end of a steep slope of this deciduous forest. The stones were located at the edge of the forest, in rather moist loess. A scarce litter layer was present and an under-storey layer was absent. Other species present were A. cuenoti, A. gracilis and A. multiplex. Allopauropus distinctus has a wide range and has been collected in many European countries and in North Africa and North America. Allopauropus (D.) gracilis (Hansen, 1902) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjø- benhavn 1902: 395-397, pl. 5, fig. 3a-f. NH: Amsterdam, Amstel, 30.i.2000, under bark of log, 4 ad.
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