diversity Review Fanworms: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow María Capa 1,* , Elena Kupriyanova 2, João Miguel de Matos Nogueira 3 , Andreas Bick 4 and María Ana Tovar-Hernández 5 1 Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain 2 Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
[email protected] 3 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil;
[email protected] 4 Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, D-18055 Rostock, Germany;
[email protected] 5 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León 66455, Mexico;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: Sabellida Levinsen, 1883 is a large morphologically uniform group of sedentary annelids commonly known as fanworms. These annelids live in tubes made either of calcareous carbonate or mucus with agglutinated sediment. They share the presence of an anterior crown consisting of radioles and the division of the body into thorax and abdomen marked by a chaetal and fecal groove inversion. This study synthesises the current state of knowledge about the diversity of fanworms in the broad sense (morphological, ecological, species richness), the species occurrences in the different biogeographic regions, highlights latest surveys, provides guidelines for identification of members of each group, and describe novel methodologies for species delimitation. As some members of this group are well-known introduced pests, we address information about these species and their Citation: Capa, M.; Kupriyanova, E.; current invasive status. In addition, an overview of the current evolutionary hypothesis and history Nogueira, J.M.d.M.; Bick, A.; of the classification of members of Sabellida is presented.