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Die Wörterbücher Von Johannes Ebers Studien Zur Frühen Englisch-Deutschen Lexikografie

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Die Wörterbücher Von Johannes Ebers Studien Zur Frühen Englisch-Deutschen Lexikografie Die Wörterbücher von Johannes Ebers Studien zur frühen englisch-deutschen Lexikografie Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät I der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Vorgelegt von Derek Lewis aus Exeter Würzburg 2013 Erstgutachter: Professor Dr. Werner Wegstein Zweitgutachter: Professor Dr. Norbert Wolf Tag des Kolloquiums: 31.1.2011 DANK Mein Dank gilt allen, die zum Zustandekommen dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Insbesondere danke ich - Prof. Dr. Werner Wegstein von der Universität Würzburg für seine Anregung zu diesem Projekt und für seine kompetente Beratung und Betreuung, - meiner Frau für ihre Geduld und für ihre moralische und praktische Unterstützung, - den Kollegen der Bibliothek in Exeter (Devon and Exeter Institution Library), die mir die Originalexemplare der Wörterbücher von Johannes Ebers zur Verfügung gestellt haben. Inhalt Kapitel 1: Einleitung zur Entwicklung der deutsch-englischen Lexikografie .... 9 1.1 Die Anfänge der deutsch-englischen Lexikografie ............................ 9 1.2 Mehrsprachige Wörterbücher 1500 - ca. 1600 ............................... 10 1.3 Zweisprachige Wörterbücher 1550 - 1700 ...................................... 13 1.4 Entwicklungen im 18. Jahrhundert .................................................. 15 1.4.1 Der politische Hintergrund .............................................................. 15 1.4.2 Der Kulturtransfer zwischen England und Deutschland .................. 17 1.4.3 Übersetzungen als Träger des Kulturtransfers ............................... 19 1.4.4 Der englische Sprachunterricht in Deutschland .............................. 25 1.4.5 Der Kulturaustausch von Deutschland nach England ..................... 29 1.5 Christian Ludwig ............................................................................. 32 1.6 Theodor Arnold ............................................................................... 35 Kapitel 2: Die Wörterbücher von Johann Christoph Adelung und Johannes Ebers ................................................................................................... 43 2.1 Einleitung ........................................................................................ 43 2.2 Zum Leben und Schaffen von Johannes Ebers .............................. 44 2.3 Ebers' Wörterbücher 1793-1799 ..................................................... 50 2.4 Ebers' Wörterbücher 1800-1802 ..................................................... 54 2.5 Die deutsch-englische Lexikografie um die Jahrhundertwende ...... 56 Kapitel 3: Die Quellen für Ebers' englisch-deutsches Wörterbuch ................ 60 3.1 Übersicht ........................................................................................ 60 3.2 Samuel Johnson ............................................................................. 64 3.3 Die 'Orthoepisten' und die Standardisierung der Aussprache......... 73 3.3.1 Thomas Sheridan und John Walker ............................................... 77 3.3.2 Das Transkriptionssystem von Thomas Sheridan .......................... 80 3.3.3 Das Transkriptionssystem von John Walker ................................... 85 3.3.4 Sheridan und Walker im Vergleich ................................................. 88 3.3.5 Die Rezeption von Sheridan und Walker in Deutschland ............... 89 5 3.3.6 Die Transkriptionsmodelle von Ebers und Sheridan/Walker im Vergleich ................................................................................................... 90 3.3.7 Sheridan als Vorbild für Ebers' Prosodie der englischen Sprache .. 96 3.3.8 Die Originalität des Transkriptionssystems von Johannes Ebers ... 98 3.4 Ephraim Chambers ....................................................................... 100 3.5 Francis Grose und die 'Cant'-Wörter ............................................ 102 3.5.1 Ursprung und Beschreibung des Cant im Englischen .................. 104 3.5.2 Die Cant-Sprache im Wörterbuch von Johannes Ebers ............... 107 Kapitel 4: Das Transkriptionssystem von Johannes Ebers .......................... 110 4.1 Einleitung ...................................................................................... 110 4.2 Die Akzentzeichen Akut und Gravis ............................................. 110 4.3 Makron.......................................................................................... 119 4.4 Zwischentöne und reduzierte Vokale ............................................ 120 4.5 Silbentrennung ............................................................................. 123 4.6 Doppelakzente .............................................................................. 124 4.7 Typografische Fehler .................................................................... 125 4.8 Eine Kritik des Ebersschen Transkriptionssystems ...................... 125 4.8.1 Die Vokale .................................................................................... 125 4.8.2 Die Konsonanten .......................................................................... 132 4.9 Die zweite Edition des englisch-deutschen Wörterbuchs ............. 136 4.9.1 Die didaktischen Werke von Johannes Ebers .............................. 136 Kapitel 5: Die Kodierung von Sonderzeichen und typografischen Informationen ................................................................................................. 144 5.1 Einleitung ...................................................................................... 144 5.2 Zeichenkodierung und Fraktur ...................................................... 144 5.3 Die Kodierung von Sonder- und diakritischen Zeichen ................. 145 5.4 Die Kodierung typografischer Informationen................................. 145 5.4.1 Die Schrifttypen Fraktur und Antiqua ............................................ 145 5.4.2 Das Rastermodell ......................................................................... 146 5.4.3 Zeilenumbrüche und Silbentrennung ............................................ 149 5.4.4 Forme Work .................................................................................. 150 Kapitel 6: Die Kodierungsstrukturen des englisch-deutschen Wörterbuchs 152 6.1 Einleitung: Kodierung nach TEI-P5 ............................................... 152 6 6.2 Die Organisation der XML-Textdateien ........................................ 152 6.3 Die strukturellen Einheiten der Vorrede und der Prosodie ............ 153 6.3.1 Die allgemeine Struktur der Prosodie ........................................... 154 6.3.2 Die Kodierung der Sprache: das XML-Attribut 'xml:lang' .............. 157 6.3.3 Linguistische Fachausdrücke ....................................................... 158 6.3.4 Phonetische Strukturen in der Prosodie: das Element <seg> ...... 161 6.3.5 Transkriptionen und Verweise: das Element <ptr> ....................... 167 6.3.6 Personennamen: die Elemente <author> und <bibl> ................... 169 6.3.7 Beispiel: Die Kodierung eines Textteils ........................................ 170 6.4 Das Wörterbuch (Hauptteil) .......................................................... 173 6.4.1 Die Kodierung der Sprache .......................................................... 173 6.4.2 Die Struktur und Kodierung der Einträge ...................................... 174 Kapitel 7: Die Kodierungsstrukturen des deutsch-englischen Wörterbuchs 207 7.1 Einleitung ...................................................................................... 207 7.2 Struktur und Kodierung der Einträge ............................................ 208 Kapitel 8: Die Verarbeitung der Dateien in XSLT ........................................ 227 8.1 XSLT: Einleitung ........................................................................... 227 8.2 Formen der Ausgabe .................................................................... 228 8.3 Die Generierung von Links zu den Grafikdateien ......................... 229 8.4 Darstellung des Inhalts der Prosodie ............................................ 230 8.5 Darstellung des Inhalts des englisch-deutschen Wörterbuchs ..... 231 8.6 Darstellung des Inhalts des deutsch-englischen Wörterbuchs ..... 232 8.7 Besondere Ausgabeformen .......................................................... 232 9: Bibliografie ............................................................................................... 233 9.1 Wörterbücher und Lehrwerke von Johannes Ebers ...................... 233 9.2 Editionen und Übersetzungen von Johannes Ebers ..................... 236 9.3 Rezensionen ................................................................................. 237 9.4 Wörterbücher: einsprachig ............................................................ 238 9.5 Wörterbücher: ein- und mehrsprachig .......................................... 245 9.6 Sonstiges ...................................................................................... 254 10. Anhang: Exkurs zur Entwicklung von Transkriptionsystemen ............... 277 10.1 Thomas Dyche ............................................................................. 277 10.2 Nathan Bailey ............................................................................... 277 7 10.3 James Buchanan .......................................................................... 279 10.4 William Johnston .......................................................................... 283 10.5 William Perry ................................................................................ 283
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