NOVEMBER 24, 1972 25 CENTS VOLUME 36/NUMBER 43

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE ainst rac1sm• 1n•

Sailors refuse to board Constellation in protest against racism in Navy -page 3 Black Gl freed on 'fragging' charges By MICHAEL SCHREIBER on a military policeman who arrested him treatment I was receiving, not even having SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 15 -Billy Dean about 90 minutes after the fragging on had a trial, from that of Lieutenant Wil­ Smith was acquitted yesterday of the charge March 15, 1971. Smith was given a bad liam Calley, a white officer who was vir­ of murdering two Army officers and at­ conduct discharge after being reduced to tually freed after having been convicted tempting to kill two others in Bienhoa, Private E-1, the lowest enlisted rank, for after slaughtering hundreds of innocent, Vietnam. Smith is the first G I tried in the allegedly spitting on and kicking the ar­ unarmed Vietnamese. United States on charges of "fragging'' resting officer. (murder by fragmentation grenade). Smith spoke to reporters with Angela "I'm glad to be free, but I can't really Davis and his attorney, Luke McKissack, feel free until the war in Southeast Asia Mter deliberating five hours and 40 min­ today in San Francisco. The Black GI is over. The blood of nearly six million utes, the jury of seven career officers filed asserted that he had been chosen for trial Vietnamese has seeped into the soil of rice stiffly into the courtroom and stood at because of his outspoken opposition to the fields that will never grow again, and the attention, awaiting the reading of the ver­ war in Vietnam and to racism in the Army. gouged-out trenches of a devastated land dict. As the senior juror monotoned the He said that his trial was aimed at all run red with the life substance of a people verdict of "not guilty" on each of the mur­ critics of the war among enlisted men in who would be free had they not been made der counts, a muffled sigh of relief rose Vietnam. scapegoats in this vicious war game which from the 25 spectators and family in the "No one can return the 20 months [spent would-be fascists choose to play at their courtroom. in solitary] taken from my life," Smith said, expense. I now wish to dedicate the rest Minutes before, Judge Rawls Frazier had "nor do I expect them to understand what of my life to working toward guaranteeing warned that expressions of emotion by the went through my mind as I waited under that other persons like myself will not have Billy Dean Smith spectators were forbidden. sentence of death, charged with a crime to be subjected to the injustices I faced Although acquitted of the murder I did not commit. As I sat in solitary both in the military and in courts through­ charges, Smith was convicted for assault confinement, I often thought of the different out the country." T.HIS ln.Brief DEMONSTRATORS PROTEST DOMINICAN DEPOR­ in that year, a growth of nearly 50 percent over 1960. TATIONS: On Nov. 9 about 60 people picketed the Census officials indicated that one reason for the sharp WEEK'S Dominican consulate in midtown Manhattan to protest .increase in the count was an increased willingness of the imminent deportation of 40 Dominican political pris­ people to identify themselves as Indians. MILITANT oners. The deportations planned by President Joaquin Although some improvement in health standards was 3 Navy acts to defuse Balaguer follow stepped-up protests against political re­ also claimed, infant mortality among Indians is still pression and the torture of political prisoners within 40 percent higher than the national average. Average Constellation protest the Dominican Republic. life expectancy among Indians is 4 7 years, compared 4 U.S. bombers blast Viet­ The demonstration was organized by Comite Pro­ to a national average of 71. nam Defensa de los Derechos Humanos Republica Domini­ Unemployment among Indians is estimated to be 45 5 Should socialists demand cana (Committee for Human Rights in the Dominican percent; their median family income is $4,000, compared Nixon 'sign treaty'? Republic) and supported by a large number of radical, with $9,867 for the nation as a whole. The suicide rate 9 No Nixon landslide in civil liberties, and Latino organizations, including the among Indians is twice the national average. U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin American Political Black communities Prisoners. ITS ENOUGH TO MAKE YOU SICK: In November 10 Jenness & Pulley urge 1969, President Nixon announced that in the future the youth to attend YSA U.S. would limit its research in biological warfare to convention "defensive measures such as immunization and safety," 11 Partial ballot returns Hugo Blanco in Chile and destroy its stocks of biological weapons. In October for SWP 1971, Nixon even helicoptered to Fort Detrick, Md., to announce that the biological warfare facilities there would Muniz wins of Texas 12 6% be turned into a cancer research unit. And this year he vote signed an international treaty prohibiting the develop­ 13 Laos: lessons for Viet­ ment, production, and stockpiling of biological weapons. nam However, the president has apparently decided not to 14 Speedup: threat to be too hasty in phasing out those useful microbes. Fund­ ing for biological warfare research will be $11.8-million workers for the 1973 fiscal year, according to figures made public 15 Canadian abortion ac­ by Senator Mike Gravel (D-Alaska). And Gravel's figures tions are too low. 16 Siqueiros admits he The amount budgeted for the U.S. Army Medical Re­ tried to kill Trotsky search Institute of Infectious Diseases- still located at 17 Artist's confession only Fort Detrick, by the way- is set at $4.2-million in Gra­ vel's figures, while an Institute official concedes that their part of truth actual budget will be $6.1-million. This figure is 50 per­ 18 Biggest week yet for cent higher than the 1972 funding level of $4-million. subs 19 Argentine tours U.S. A WARPED FORM OF SOLIDARITY: Instead of op­ 20 Indian paper threat­ posing the undemocratic restrictions in the Soviet Union on the right of Jews and others to travel freely and emi­ ened grate if they choose, the New China News Agency at­ 24 Protests continue at La. tacked the recent loosening of restrictions on emigration campuses for Jews. The Chinese news agency claimed Nov. 12 Sri Lankan describes re­ that the "practice of Soviet revisionists in this field is doing pression Arab countries considerable wrong and can only prolong Militant/Ben Atwood the state of war in the Middle East." On Oct. 26 Hugo Blanco was sent to Chile by Argen­ In reality, it has been the failure of the bureaucratic 2 In Brief regimes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to elimi­ 6 In our Opinion tine authorities. The exiled Peruvian Trotskyist, who gained international fame as a peasant leader in the nate the discrimination suffered by Jews, and in some Letters early 1960s, had been held in an Argentine prison with­ instances their encouragement of it, which has led to large 7 National Picket Line out charge since his arrest on July 12. When he was numbers of Jews wanting to emigrate to Israel. This has By Any Means Neces­ served with a deportation decree last July, Blanco indi­ given new life to the false claim of the Zionists that anti­ Semitism is part of "human nature" and can never be sary cated that he pFeferred to remain in Argentina, but that eradicated, and that those wishing to escape its effects 8 Great Society if that was not possible he would choose to go to Chile. On the day of his departure, a delegation of some must go to "the Jewish homeland." Women in Revolt 150 supporters from the Argentine Socialist Party (PSA), American Way of Life headed by General Secretary Juan Carlos Coral, waited GAY ACTIVISTS MEET IN SACRAMENTO: More than 18 The Militant Gets Around to greet him at the airport. Although the authorities 200 people attended a gay activists conference at Sacra­ 20 In Review reneged on their promise to let them meet Blanco before mento State College in California Oct. 20-23. About half he boarded the plane, they were able to see him mount the participants were women. The conference called for demonstrations this spring in the steps with his clenched fist in the air, according WORLD OUTLOOK Sacramento and other state capitals around the demands to the PSA's weekly newspaper, Avanzada Socialista. 1 Soviet dissident sen­ of repeal of anti-gay laws and in support of gay civil "From below, 150 arms shot up into the air to greet rights. · tenced to 5 years him, and 150 voices shouted as loud as they could: 2 Anti-AIIende strike wave 'Viva Hugo Blanco!'" ends BIG YEAR FOR TROTSKY BOOKS: The relevance of Leon Trotsky's ideas and the mounting interest in his 3 2,000 French Basques life and works are indicated by the publication this year U.S. TACTICS TRIED IN CANADA: Apparently Ca­ march against repres­ in English of eight new books by or about the Russian nadian immigration officials have been following events sion revolutionary. in the U.S. In the wake of the U.S. refusal to allow The five new titles by Trotsky are: 1905 (Random 4 Canadian role in a VIet­ Ernest Mandel, the Belgian Marxist scholar and Trotsky­ House); The Young Lenin (Doubleday); Leon Trotsky nam truce ist leader, to enter the U. S., Canadian immigration of­ Speaks, Writings of Leon Trotsky ( 1933-34), and, in ficials have refused to grant landed immigrant status December, Writings of Leon Trotsky ( 1932-33) (Path­ to Dr. Istvan Meszaros. finder Press). Meszaros is a Marxist who left Hungary following The three new books about Trotsky are: Trotsky: A the Soviet invasion in 1956. He taught at St. Andrews Documentary by Francis Wyndham and David King THE MILITANT University in Scotland and at Sussex Univeristy in En­ (Praeger), Trotsky and the Jews by Joseph Nevada (Jew- VOLUME 36/NUMBER 43 gland before accepting a post at Toronto's York Uni­ NOVEMBER 24, 1972 versity. His exclusion from Canada has aroused wide­ . ish Publication Society of America), and The Assassina­ CLOSING NEWS DATE-NOV. 15, 1972 spread protest. tion of· Trotsky by Nicholas Mosley (Michael Joseph). Mosley also wrote the screenplay of the Joseph Losey Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Managing Editor: DOUG JENNESS film with Richard Burton, but this is a separate nonfiction ARAB-AMERICAN LAWYER FIGHTS FBI HARASS­ work, published in England. Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS MENT: Abdeen Jabara, a Detroit attorney who has been Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING This listing does not include the many Trotsky titles a prominent figure in the defense of civil liberties and reprinted in English this year. Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., of the Palestinian revolution, filed suit in federal court 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Ed­ recently, charging the FBI with illegal surveillance. Ja­ itorial Office !2121 243-6392; Business Office !212) bara claims that the FBI has bugged his telephone, PELIKAN LETTER REPRINTED: The Pittsburgh Fair 929-3486. Witness is the latest underground newspaper to reprint the Southwest Bureau: 11071/2 N. Western Ave., Los illegally investigated his bank account, and monitored Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone: !213)463-1917. his speeches. appeal for support to Czechoslovak political prisoners Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ J ahara is the president of the Association of Arab­ addressed to Angela Davis by Jiri Pelikan. scription: Domestic, S5 a year; foreign, sa. By first~ American University Graduates, and he maintains that Pelikan, an exiled Czechoslovak, was expelled from the class mail: domestic and Canada, 525; all other coun­ the FBI is spying on him because he is an Arab. The Communist Party there because of his opposition to the tries, S4l. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, 1968 Soviet invasion. His appeal, which appeared in the S32; latin America and Europe, 540; Africa, Australia, suit asks for an injunction to prevent further surveillance Asia (including USSR), $50. Write for sealed air postage and harassment by the FBI. Aug. 31 New York Review of Books and the Sept. 8 Mili­ rates. tant, was reproduced in the October issue of Fair Witness. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily INDIAN POPULATION INCREASING: According to The Los Angeles Free Press printed the appeal in its represent The Militant's views. These are expressed Sept. 15 issue. -DAVE FRANKEL in editorials. the 1970 census, there were 792,730 Indians in the U.S. Black sailors victimized Navy acts to defuse Constellation protest By HARRY RING cuss the various forms of victimiza­ to the grievances of the Blacks were tatives of the Black Servicemen's Cau­ SAN DIEGO, Nov. 14-The Navy tion they were being subjected to. selected to be put ashore with them cus and a half dozen attorneys the is making extensive use of duplicity The protest was set into motion so the Navy could avoid saying the BSC was able to get together. and intimidation to defuse the cou­ when the Navy decided the ship was issue was racial. After discussion, the men decided rageous antiracist protest by Black overstaffed by 200 and, as Colbert For several days they were at a they would go down to the pier the seamen from the warship U. S. S. Con­ put it, the Constellation's captain, J.D. nearby Naval station. On Nov. 8 the next morning so that they would not stellation. Ward, "saw this as an opportunity ship returned, and Captain Ward, who be charged with being AWOL. At the The protesters have been dispersed to get some Blacks off the ship." had apparently been briefed by the same time, they agreed, they would in three shoreside Naval stations here. Ward began issuing administrative Pentagon, met with the men. Accord­ stay on the pier until they felt their They are being individually processed discharges, mainly to Blacks who had ing to Colbert, he told them, "I'm grievances would be settled. for "counseling" and administrative received low scores in aptitude tests sorry. I was wrong. I didn't know Accompanied by attorneys and with hearings. At these hearings a variety at the time they had joined the Navy. the problem was that bad. So if you'll a wide media presence brought about of penalties have been imposed and While such discharges are in the "hon­ return to the ship, we'll see what we by. the BSC, they assembled on the an undetermined number of the men orable" category, they indicate the re­ can do." pier the morning of Nov. 9. After have been given discharges from the cipient was "unsuited" for or "unadapt­ The sailors told him they would trying unsuccessfully to address the Navy. able" to Navy service, and are not return if they were given written as­ protesters through an ineffective PA Three of those given discharges were particularly helpful as part of a job surances their grievances would be system aboard the ship, Captain Ward arrested immediately afterward and seeker's record. met. At that point Ward ordered them came down the gangplank and stood are being held on a marijuana charge In the discussion, the Black crew to report for ship duty at eight o'clock on a box on the pier to address them. those close to the situation believe to members came to realize that their the next morning. He told the men there were buses be a frame-up. grievances went a lot further than the The seamen then met with represen- Continued on page 22 It has not been possible to contact problems of discharges. Comparing the protesters directly. However, I was notes, they found it was an established able to get a report on the situation practice to keep Blacks in menial po­ from Jake Colbert, a former Navy sitions far more than whites and that seaman who is now staff representa­ advancement to more skilled, better tive for the Black Servicemen's Cau­ paying grades was very hard to come cus, a group that provided legal coun­ by. sel for the Constellation protesters and Also they found a well-established focused national media attention on double disciplinary standard, with the action. Blacks receiving harsher penalties Formed last February to combat than whites for the same offense. Fi­ racism in the military, the Black Ser­ nally, at a mess hall meeting of some vicemen's Caucus is based in SanDi­ 120 Blacks it was decided that a del­ ego. Its center offers counseling and egation present their grievances to the other services to sailors and marines captain. stationed in the area. The captain refused to see the del­ The Constellation protest by the egation and the men decided to stay Black seamen began while the ship on the mess hall deck until he did. was at sea. It had recently returned After 10 hours, Captain Ward came from the Vietnam coastal areas, where down. He told them there was nothing it had participated in the bombing of he could do about tl,leir grievances, Vietnam. The Constellation had been that it was a matter for higher au­ in the news a year ago when a num­ thorities. In an outburst of anger, Col­ ber of antiwar crew members refused bert said, Ward told the seamen, "Any to report for the sailing to Vietnam. of you people who don't like my ship, An estimated 250 of the ship's ap­ get off!" Seamen ready bombs for loading on Navy planes on board Constellation last De­ proximately 4;500 crew members are The ship then returned to port Nov. cember. Black Servicemen's Caucus representative said of Black sailors from ship: Black. They began meeting aboard 4 and the 120 Blacks were put ashore. 'They felt that they were personally involved in the war even if they were just mop­ ship a couple of weeks ago to dis- Ten whites known to be sympathetic ping floors, and they didn't like that.' The Navy's morale crisis' is not brand new By LEE SMITH tain's attempt to discharge Blacks re­ ed that 25 sailors have been charged bombs, and inadequately repairing jet NOV. 13-Two days ago, the edi­ cruited in this way that sparked the with assault and rioting on the Kitty aircraft. tors of the New York Times sounded rebellion on the Constellation. Hawk. "No whites have been charged," An unidentified Navy officer quoted an ominous warning in their com­ With its traditions of wealthy white according to the Post. The paper also in the article explained part of what ment on the "Navy's morale crisis, officers and Filipino waiters, the Navy said that 19 of the courts-martial had contributes to such a situation. "As which has disturbing parallels in the confronts Blacks with an environment been postponed until the ship reaches the ground war wound down," the Army." The Times editors warned: even more hostile than the other San Diego, around Dec. 1. officer told the Times, "the bulk of "No amount of spending on sophis­ branches of the U.S. armed forces. The delay is due to an appeal from it was picked up by the Navy. Well, ticated military equipment can make Black recruits to the Navy reached Black organizations to the secretary we've got old ships that are under­ America strong if there is not a per­ 12 percent this year, but the number of the Navy, John Warner, to let civil­ manned. The guys are working 18 vasive sense of loyalty, purpose and of enlisted personnel still stood at only ian lawyers take part in the sailors' to 20 hours a day. And the Navy unity among the servicemen." 5.8 percent-and less than 1 percent defense. Joining the appeal were the can't afford to take the ships to Japan The editorial recalled the warning of the Navy's officers are Black. Urban League, the NAACP, the Na­ or Hong Kong for liberty; there's no issued slightly more than a year ago The incident on the Kitty Hawk was tional Bar Association, and the Na­ time. So they go to Subic Bay, spend by retired General Hamilton Howze. described "as extreme, yet typical" by tional Conference of Black Lawyers. a few days and turn it around." An article in the Sept. 24, 1971, Navy officers interviewed by New The intervention of such civilian Militant entitled "Army brass worried York Times writer Seymour M. Hersh. support has forced the Navy to pub­ Others recognize the role of antiwar about GI morale" quoted Howze: His article in the "Week in Review" licly acknowledge its morale difficul­ sentiment working as a catalyst with "Should senior commanders not be section of the Nov. 12 Times carries ties. The first such public mention by the long shifts and lack of liberty. In able to reverse the trend toward in­ these officers' account of the incident. a high-ranking Navy officer, however, the article by Seymour M. Hersh al­ discipline, this country will, not long They say that on Oct. 11, as the ship a retirement speech by Admiral ready mentioned, he reported that from now, lose its status as the world's was returning to Vietnam duty from Charles Duncan on Oct. 31, tried to "some Navy officials are known to be­ first power and stand almost helpless a brief liberty at Subic Bay in the brush aside the problem by referring lieve that the increase in alleged sabo­ against those who would humble or Philippines, an investigating officer to a handful of "activist, anti-social, tage may be linked in, some visceral destroy it." summoned some Black sailors for an anti-military, anti-U.S. misfits." This way to the increasing racial violence­ The racist pPovocations against inquiry into a racial clash the night explanation does not stand up in face with the continuing anti-war feelings Black sailors on the Kitty Hawk last before on shore. Angry that no whites of the facts. among young black and white sailors month and the strike and protests by were summoned, the Blacks stalked Even before the explosion on board as a common denominator or trig­ Black sailors on the Constellation last out. the Constellation, the evidence was gering agent." week are the latest surface manifes­ By the time the Kitty Hawk's Black against Duncan's reference to "those It should be added that a major fac­ tations of a deepgoing problem for executive officer had calmed them few with mental aberrations who may tor in the shift from the ground to the U.S. imperialism. down, a white senior enlisted man cause sabotage." A Nov. 6 New York air war was the antiwar sentiment of The Navy just began recruiting had already called the riot squad. Times article headlined "Navy Acts Gls affected· by the mass sentiment Blacks in earnest two years ago. In A provocative action by the riot to Halt Racial Violence and Sabotage and mass actions in the U.S. order to shed its WASPish image, it squad-attempting to make the on Ships" described such practices as As the Nov. 11 Times editorial put undertook special measures, including Blacks massed on the mess deck leave inserting tools into machinery to jam it: "Low morale in the armed forces waiving the results of entrance tests by twos -sparked a new clash that it, dismantling valves, plugging or reflects the conditions of the society loaded against Blacks disadvantaged involved up to 150 men. slashing fire hoses, destroying oil­ from which military personnel are re-­ by inferior schools. It was the cap- The Nov. 9 Washington Post report- pressure gauges, improperly fusing cruited."

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 3 While n~.gotiation~ continue U.S. bombers blast Vietnamese provinces By DICKROBERTS based in Guam and Thailand. ernment flag ... will keep flying over time with the armed forces of the rev­ NOV. 14- The "final" secret meeting Heavy ground combat is also con­ most South Vietnamese, at least for olutionary front. A cynical Saigon of­ to negotiate an Indochina cease-fire tinuing. Saigon reported last week that some time. The Communists control ficial told Wall Street Journal corre­ treaty is scheduled to be held this 597 of its troops had been killed and -or at least prevent Saigon from con­ spondent Kann, "With the agreement week. This meeting was demanded by 2,548 wounded. Even at the peak of trolling- some large tracts of ter­ and with reduced support from the Henry Kissinger Oct. 26 at the news U. S. troop involvement in the ground ritory, but now they exercise control great powers, we will just have to conference in which he declared U.S. warfare in early 1969, American ca­ over relatively few people. find simpler, cheaper, native methods agreement with the nine-point plan re­ sualties rarely reached this weekly "To listen to some American offi­ of killing each other." But the Saigon leased by Hanoi. At that time Kis­ level. cials, the Communist leopard spots military is equipped with the most singer stated that one more extended will be few and far between. 'They advanced weapons of counterguerrilla session could settle the remaining is­ Unsettled issues will ·just gradually shrink away be­ warfare, including the third largest sues in dispute. Of the issues that apparently were cause of Saigon's peripheral police air force in the world. Hanoi indicated today that it would not previously agreed upon between action and lack of supplies and pov- accept the proposal for one more ses­ Washington and Hanoi it is difficult sion, and Le Due Tho, Hanoi's chief to tell whether further concessions Moscow, Peking negotiator, left for Paris. Kissinger have been made on either side. Meanwhile, both Moscow and is also apparently headed for Paris. After leaders of the Provisional Rev­ Peking have been stepping up their But there still may be delays be­ olutionary Government of South Viet­ effort to prettify the cease-fire treaty fore the cease-fire treaty is actually nam had demanded the release of po­ and to press for its being signed. On signed, and there is the possibility litical prisoners in Thieu' s jails, Hanoi Nov. 13, Soviet Communist Party that the negotiations will collapse. The declared on Nov. 8 that a settlement leader Leonid Brezhnev called on the White House has made it clear that would have to include the return of U. S. to remove "the obstacles created the "final" meeting may not be the all military and civilian prisoners. by the American side literally on the last one, and it is pressing the bomb­ Washington evasively answered this eve of signing.... " Brezhnev made ing attacks on Vietnam at record lev­ demand, stating that "the prisoner is­ it clear Moscow was prepared to bring els day after day. sue was a sensitive one for North pressure for a settlement. He stated, -Writing from Washington Nov. 13, Vietnam." "We strive to facilitate the end of the New York Times correspondent Ber­ On the question of removal of North war." n~rd Gwertzman reported that "Mr. Vietnamese troops from northern The same bureaucrat had the Kissinger would still have to hold South Vietnam, officials in Saigon effrontery to declare that the election further consultations with Saigon fol­ claim that some of their requests have of Nixon to the U. S. presidency lowing the 'final' session with Hanoi. been met. Following two days of se~ strengthened the prospects of world "The official also said he would not cret talks with Kissinger's assistant, peace, according to a Nov. 13 As­ rule out some last-minute consultation General Alexander Haig Jr., Saigon Richard Nixon sociated Press dispatch from Moscow. with Hanoi, beyond the 'final' nego­ Foreign Minister Trim Van Lam de­ This while Nixon rains death and tiating session." clared Nov. 13 that the North Viet­ destruction on Vietnam in order to The Nov. 9 Times gives an idea namese have agreed to withdraw impose a settlement favorable to the of the intensity of the continued war­ troops from the Quangtri area. This erty and malaria,' one senior official proimperialist clique in Saigon! fare in its report that a record for "is not enough," Lam said. says." Peking has been barely less out­ concentrated bombing in a single This remark is undoubtedly tinged spoken in its pressure for signing. South Vietnamese province in a single Saigon's advantage with wishful thinking on the part of In an interview Nov. 11, Premier day was set Nov. 7. On that day, In a detailed analysis on the front the U.S. military brass. Nevertheless Chou En-lai stated, "For us, our at­ 70 B-52s dropped roughly 2,000 tons page of the Wall Street Journa~ Nov. it is a frank admission that counter­ tention is on having the Vietnam war of bombs on Quangtri Province alone, 14, Peter Kann concluded that the revolutionary activities by the Saigon settled and peace realized according to the closely contested northernmost balance of power in South Vietnam regime wilr be carried out under a the agreement already reached." Asked province of South Vietnam. will be on Saigon's side if the nine­ cease-fire. "Peripheral police action" is if President Nixon's election was a Washington is pounding South Viet­ point proposal is adopted, which a euphemism for witch-hunt and ter­ good thing for China, Chou declared, nam and North Vietnam up to the Kann believes likely. rorization. "Yes, because he did play a role in twentieth parallel on a round-the-clock "If the cease-fire reflects present mili­ The Saigon regime cannot peaceful­ improving relations between the basis with its full fleet of 200 B-52s tary realities," Kann stated, "the gov- ly coexist for an indefinite period of United States and China." ·'90-day' wage freeze imposed in Britain By DICK ROBERTS show a narrow consistency in its pol­ Business Week magazinecomplained ference between the British and U.S. On Nov. 6 British workers were sub­ icies, that it can win trade union votes Nov. 11, "Indeed, 1972 has become situations that is worth noting. The jected to a 90-day wage freeze with even while freezing wages, but that Britain's worst year for labor strife so-called price controls in the U. S. provisions for an automatic 60-day it should always strive to look as since 1926. More than 22-million were launched during a recession, extension at the government's discre­ if it is acting with national gravitas man-days have been lost since Jan­ when the "normal" functioning of the tion. As in the U.S., the wage freeze and in sober search for consensus." uary, nearly double the number for economy tends to depress price in­ reflects the deepening problems facing The British imperialists are whis­ the same period in 1971. In October creases. And it was for this reason, the capitalist rulers. tling in the dark. Nixon's ability to alone, more than 1-million British and not out of anything the "Price Intensified international competition, put over the wage controls did not Commission" did, that the rate of U. S. the threat of world overproduction, come primarily from duping the pub­ price increases was eased. and spiraling inflation have buffeted lic; it came from the trade-union lead­ But the British economy is not in the British economy even more than ership's failure to lead a fight against a recession. The fraud of controlling the economies of other major capital­ the wage controls. prices is likely to become more readily ist countries. This is because British A long grinding recession that kept apparent. The Economist warned, industry lags behind its major com­ millions of workers out of jobs for "this week's extension of price control petitors in the U.S., Japan, and West months at a time facilitated the im­ to competitively-determined prices is Germany. position of controls on wages. The an economic nonsense, designed to The British rate of inflation is pres­ union bureaucrats argued, with some buy acquiescence in an incomes freeze ently the sharpest of the big capital­ success, that the workers should settle by pandering to the ignorance of the ist powers. Between July 1971 and for wage hikes within the Nixon-im­ public. . . . Lasting price controls at July 1972, the corresponding inflation posed guidelines instead of staying out the retail stage will more often keep rates were : U.S., 3.1 percent; Can­ inlong and costly strikes. prices up than bring them down.... " ada, 4.5 percent; Japan, 4.7 percent; British workers are also facing a These experts fear that the dema­ West Germany and France, 5.6 per­ miserable job situation. Unemploy­ gogic promise of price controls could cent; and United Kingdom, 5.8 per­ ment, at 921,594 jobless, is at a near­ do more harm than good in the long cent. This· sharper rate of inflation record level for the post-World War II run as it is exposed by continuing has eroded the value of the pound. period. inflation. "The history of incomes pol­ The recent moves by the Tory gov­ However the comparison ends there. icies [wage controls] has often been ernment against British workers fol­ British workers have been fighting a that of unexpected immediate effective­ lowed a drop in the pound's value militant battle against the wage-goug­ ness, followed by unncessary ev·en­ to a record low in world money mar­ ing policies of the bosses, and they tual collapse." kets. · have already made some significant workers won raises of up to $23 a All they want is a wage freeze that The rulers of Britain cast a longing gains. One highlight of these struggles week. That compares to the average will work forever! Even in this cita­ eye at the U. S. As President Nixon was the long battle of coal miners weekly industrial wage in Britain of del of financial expertise, however, the rolled in a landslide electoral victory, last winter, which culminated in a $81. Prices have been rising at a rate struggles of British workers have pro­ The Economist printed a picture of strike threatening to shut off Britain's of 7% of late, with further big in­ duced an overall mood of exceptional a Nixon button on its cover with the power supply. creases in rent and food certain to pessimism. The Economist concludes headline, "Freezing hasn't hurt him." Another highlight was the massive follow." its editorial: "We could be approaching The influential magazine declared labor upsurge in July that freed five Under these conditions it is doubt­ the hurricane belt for the whole future in an editorial, "Mr Heath can learn dock workers jailed under Heath~ ful British workers will accept a wage of British society, and are supposed from the United States that a right antilabor legislation and threatened freeze without a fight. to welcome that Mr Heath is at last wing government does not need to the first general strike since 1926. There is also a partially hidden dif- carrying an umbrella."

4 Indians u socialists demand face threat ofgov't ixon 'sign the treaty'? reprisals By DOUGJENNESS tatives from other countries. was a setback to the revolution. In What position should the antiwar The settlement, if signed, not only a report to the Central Executive Com­ By ERNEST HARSCH movement take on the nine-point pro­ imposes unjust conditions. It also can­ mittee of the All Russian Soviets of WASHINGTON D. C., Nov. 14-In posal for settling the Vietnam war? not bring peace to Vietnam. None of Workers, Soldiers, and Peasants the aftermath of protests by Native. Should it demand that President Nixon the basic social conditions that led to Deputies on Feb. 24, 1918, Lenin ex­ Americans culminating in the seven­ sign the proposition? Or should the civil war in the first place will be plained: day occupation of the Bureau of In­ it expose the nine points as unjust and resolved by the proposed pact. "... the terms put to us by dian Affairs (BIA), the government demand that the U. S. get out of South­ At this point a CP member or a the representatives of German im­ appears to be preparing the ground · east Asia immediately, with no condi­ Guardian staff writer might interrupt perialism are unprecedently severe, for reprisals against the Indians. tions? and ask, "The Vietnamese support the immeasurably oppressive, predatory Secretary of the Interior Rogers C. The Communist Party and the proposed pact. Don't you support the terms. The German imperialists, tak­ B. Morton and Attorney General Guardian, a radical weekly published Vietnamese?" ing advantage of the weakness of Richard Kleindienst are studying what in New York, are both vigorously This is demagogy, not sound Russia, have their knee on our chest. charges should be leveled against campaigning for Nixon to sign the reasoning. The fact that Hanoi has Not to conceal from you the bitter them, and the newspapers are play­ proposed agreement. agreed to sign the settlement doesn't truth of which I am deeply convinced, ing up the damage to the building. Current estimates claim the damage runs to $2-million. Native American leaders have ' charged that the estimates are gross­ ly exaggerated. In addition, Vernon Bellecourt, a leader of the American Indian Movement, said, "Damage at the B lA office resulted from Indians being coerced, intimidated, and threat­ ened with assault. We went in peace, stood in peace, yet were met with vio­ lence.... "The real crime is that the newspa­ pers and the U. S. government will attempt to dig up this stuff to over­ Daily shadow the real problem-that the 'SIGN THE PEACE TREATY' or 'OUT NOW'? These are the two demands being debated in the antiwar movement. The Com­ Indian people are the most abused, • munist Party and the Guardian urge Nixon to sign nine-point proposal. The Socialist Workers Party and Young Socialist Al­ mistreated sovereign people in this liance support the demand 'Out Now, with no conditions.' country." During the negotiations between On :Nov. 2 Communist Party Na­ make it any less of an obstacle to the the situation being what it is, I must White House officials and Native tional Chairman Henry Winston, Vietnamese revolution. If the Viet­ tell you that we have no other way American leaders last week, the In­ referring to the proposals, declared, namese feel that the burden of con­ out than to subscribe to these terms." dians had been promised that no one would be prosecuted for the occupa­ "The peace majority in the U.S. which tinuing the war in the face of inade­ The new workers republic was com­ tion. These ominous threats by gov­ fought courageously for an end to the quate aid from the USSR and China pelled to give up territory and make ernment and BIA officials have sig­ war in Vietnam has won a signal is too heavy, they are the ones payments of weapons and money to naled preparations to break yet anoth­ victory, together with the heroic people to judge that. They, and only they, German imperialism. In return they er agreement with the Indians. In ad­ in Vietnam and the world socialist have the right to decide when and if won breathing space to consolidate the dition, the government has gotten movement-in the van of which is the they will negotiate and sign treaties revolution. members of the National Tribal Soviet Union- the national liberation with other countries. Did the revolutionary government, Chairmen's Association, an organiza­ movement and all peace loving If officials in Hanoi agreed to sign under the leadership of Lenin and tion of conservative tribal officials, people." the settlement because they feel they Trotsky, urge the working class and Front page headlines such as "Sign cannot continue the war, they are like its parties in Germany to support this to denounce the protesters and to call peace pact now!" and "Peace Activists a person whose house is robbed by a settlement? No. On the contrary they for prosecution. Spur Sign-The-Treaty' Drive," have burglar. When the burglar comes into called on them to oppose it. Chief Two Hawk, president of the appeared in the Daily World, the news­ the house, points a loaded gun at While German revolutionists like association, declared the actions by paper reflecting the views of the Com­ the victim, and demands money, a Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg the Native American militants as the munist Party. "settlement' is made. The victim is al­ criticized the settlement, the German work of a "small handful of self-ap­ The Guardian, in a Nov. 15 editorial lowed to keep his life and the burglar Social Democrats in the Reichstag pointed revolutionaries. When we've entitled "Sign the treaty!," calls on the takes the money. The owner of the voted to ratify it. They claimed that been confronted with this on our res­ antiwar movement to "take to the house is thus forced to make a major since the Bolsheviks had. accepted it ervations," he continued, "we've kicked streets now, demanding that the Presi­ concession, but a necessary one if he there was no reason why they should them out." In reply, Charles Trimble, the exec­ dent sign the peace agreement is going to continue to live. oppose it. utive director of the National Con­ worked out with the Vietnamese libera­ However, if the victim's neighbor According to Leon Trotsky, in an gress of American Indians, charged tion forces. There is no more urgent comes along and looks into the article published in 1935 (see Writings that "In the most sinister atmosphere task for left and progressive forces window, it would be improper for him of Leon Trotsky: 1934-35, Pathfinder imaginable the Interior Department, in the U. S. at this moment." to say that a fair settlement was being Publishers, New York, 1971, pp. 291- the Bureau of Land Management, in The CP and the Guardian, both of negotiated. It would be treachery if 300), the Bolsheviks answered them: which claim to be Marxist-Leninist, he entered the house and helped the "You swine. We are objectively com­ conjunction with the vice-president's National Council on Indian Opportu­ are actively supporting "sign the crook conclude the bargain as quickly pelled to negotiate in order not to be treaty" demonstrations sponsored as possible. annihilated, but as for you-you are nity, are working to muster tribal throughout the country by the People's If the neighbor really wants to help politically free to vote for or against, leaders in defense of the adminis­ Coalition for Peace and Justice and the victim, he will try to do what he and your vote implies whether or not tration." other groups. can to prevent the robbery. If he had you place confidence in your own In a similar vein, John Trudell, a They assume that Hanoi's agree­ the means available, he might try to bourgeoise." Sioux from Oklahoma, said in an ment to sign a settlement represents overpower the burglar; or he might Although the Brest-Litovsk treaty interview, "All the bureaucrats at the a victory and should be supported try to round up help to defeat the ban­ and the proposed nine-point pact are Bureau of Indian Affairs care about by the antiwar movement and dit. not identical, both are unjust. And the is their $30,000-a-year salaries. Rep­ radicals in the U.S. Not only is this In the long history of civil wars, Guardian and the CP, like the German resentatives of a new BIA should be reasoning false, but it harms the strikes, and other forms of struggle, Social Democrats in 1918, are back­ directly responsible to the Indians, not Vietnam struggle. revolutionaries have often found it ing the bandit's settlement. to the government which has been The CP and the Guardian fail to necessary to make compromises and Why do they support such treachery? sitting on our backs for centuries." One mention that the nine-point proposal concessions. There is nothing shame­ The answer is that both the CP and of the demands of the protests has flagrantly violates Vietnam's right to ful about this if the reasons are ex­ the Guardian back governments that been to abolish the B lA. self-determination. Just as the U. S. plained openly and honestly. are helping the U. S. pressure Vietnam Reams of documents the Indians re­ has no right to bomb Vietnam or send An example is the Brest-Litovsk to come to terms. The CP leaders are moved from the B lA last week out­ troops there, it has no right to nego­ treaty the Bolsheviks signed shortly confirmed believers in the infallibility lined the criminal oppression of Na­ tiate a pact that imposes conditions after the 1917 Russian revolution. At of the Kremlin; the Guardian is lead­ tive Americans by senators, congress­ on the Vietnamese. the time of the revolution, most ing cheers for the officialdom in China. men, BIA officials, and corporations. One of these conditions is that the Russians opposed continued participa­ The CP and the Guardian are try­ A "documents conference" will be held U. S. puppet regime in Saigon will tion in the war against Germany. ing to cover up the failure of their somewhere in the Southwest in the remain in office if the agreement is Morale was low, and Russia was not particular mentors to provide ade­ next few weeks to evaluate the con­ signed. (It should be noted here that militarily prepared to continue the quate political and military support tents. Indian leaders have pledged that both the CP and the Guardian war. So it decided to sign a separate for the Vietnamese. They have refused they will make the documents public previously called for scrapping the ,peace with Germany. to criticize Moscow and Peking when Congress reconvenes inJanuary. Thieu regime.) The revolutionary leadership did not for making agreements with Nixon · Another condition is that elections be call this settlement a victory, but to twist Vietnam's arm to settle the held under the supervision of represen- rather explained truthfully that it Continued from page 22

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 5 In Our ·opinion Let ten Potomac patriarch In a recent interview with Garnett Horner of the Washing­ ton Star-_News, President Nixon cleared up doubts anyone Canarsie two to three times the number ex­ I really enjoyed the article by John pected! Very few Gis marched, but might have had about his plans for the next four years. many turned out along the way to He intends to become the father of the nation. Hawkins in the "By Any Means Nec­ essary" column on community con­ show support. "The average American is just like the child in the family," trol [Militan~ Nov. 10]. As he point­ At the end of the march there were he stated with paternal confidence. "You give him some re­ ed out, the racists in the Canarsie speeches in German and English sponsibility and he is going to amount to something. He section of Brooklyn cannot use the calling for an end to the war, sup­ is going to do something. If, on the other hand, you make issue of community control of the port for the people struggling in him completely dependent and pamper him and cater to him schools to keep out Black and Puerto Southeast Asia, and an end to U. S. too much, you are going to make him soft, spoiled and even­ Rican children. They cannot do this imperialism. tually a weak individual." any more than the Southern racists (Due to repressive conditions in the This theme, that "permissiveness" is at the root of the coun­ could use the cry of "states rights" to Army, I cannot sign my name.) A concerned GI try's social problems, permeates the entire interview. "The justify keeping Black children from exercising their Constitutional rights Frankfur~ Germany people are going to have to carry their share of the ioad," by going to school wherever they . he preaches. There will be no "handouts" for his children. wish in the Southern states. He dismisses the idea that "massive new programs in terms A prisoner of dollars and in terms of people" will be necessary to ef­ Springfield, Mo. Unhappy with Militant fectively improve conditions in education, health, and hous­ I did not realize before I paid for a ing. However, it is precisely a crash program of funds that subscription to your paper that it is is urgently needed to build schools and houses and provide printed to corrupt and destroy de­ decent medical and dental care. Such a program would also Chicago train wreck mocracy in this country. The United provide tens of thousands of jobs for those out of work. States government under democracy The Oct. 30 train wreck on the Illi­ Nixon offers no proposal for alleviating unemploym~nt. is the best form or type of govern­ nois Central that killed over 40 peo­ To him it is primarily a question of workers being lazy and ment in the world. If you don't like ple and maimed upward of 300 was undisciplined. This "running down what I call the work ethic," the way things are run in this coun­ the worst in Chicago history. The re­ try, why don't you leave? The idea he claims, is behind the increasing number of welfare recip­ sponsibility for this disaster is entire­ ients. of running a woman for president! ly management's. J.S. While Nixon plans to try trimming down allocations for In an attempt to cut back mainte­ Richmond, Ky. social needs, he told the Washington Star-News that there nance, one of the three Illinois Cen­ are some areas where- cuts can't be made. One of these is tral commuter tracks was removed law enforcement. He thinks the best cure for what he calls several years ago. This track had the "spiritual crisis" in the country is to eliminate "handouts" been used for express trains. If it and apply a few knocks on the heads of those who don't had still been in service, the tragedy go along. would never have occurred. 'Super Fly' Another factor was that neither I am really sorry to see that The To help the cops do their job, he plans to keep appoint­ train had a fireman. The missing Militant did not further review the ing reactionary judges. He wants to reverse what he con­ fireman, a victim of railroads' cam­ siders to have been the liberal trend of the Supreme Court movie Super Fly after the brief men­ paign against "featherbedding" sever­ tion given it in "By Any Means Nec­ bf;!fore he became president. We can, therefore, expect that al years back, would have increased essary" [Militan~ Oct. 6]. there will be more attempts in the next four years to cur­ the likelihood of spotting the first At a time when the Black commu­ tail· or roll back basic rights of free speech, assembly, and train's backing movement. Clearly, nity is looking for an answer to the travel. the railroad's cost cutting has caused drug question, we find that the cap­ But not only does the White House father plan to keep another unnecessary calamity. italist moviemakers begin ·making However, the railroad will find its a tighter rein on his "children" at home, but also on those films that show pushers as heroes. usual scapegoat in the operating per­ in other countries. He intends to maintain a strong war de­ (This despite Curtis Mayfield's anti­ partment ready to intervene anywhere in the world. sonnel involved. Trainmen and en­ dope, antipusher songs written for ginemen are hurried, harassed, and Super Fly.) He singled out the Middle East as a high priority area encouraged to flout the railroad's In view of the debate in the Black for U. S. concern1 because the situation there "can explode own safety regulations. When acci­ at any time." He indicated that he will continue to establish community about the value and pur­ dents occur, management always pose of "Black movies," I think The claims the workers are at fault. closer relations with Moscow and Peking, including nego­ Militant would be doing a great ser­ tiations for another disarmament agreement. This in no way The carriers will hold hearings so vice by doing an in-depth analysis should be interpreted as a softening toward revolutionary known for their miscarriage of jus­ of this new crop of films. tice that the term "to railroad" de­ movements throughout the world. On the contrary, he feels It's good that The Militant is now that the most effective way to defeat these struggles at this rives from them. We can be sure including more articles on the West that the men will be blamed and the time is to get a helping hand from these two regimes. Indies, Africa, and Latin America. railroad's equipment and practices Keep up the good work. Nixon's proposals for the next four years hold no promise will be exonerated. whatever for working/ people in the U. S. or the oppressed N. s. Guy Miller Chicago, Ill. masses throughout the world. If he wants to pursue his ar­ Chicago, Ill. rogant analogy about children to its logical end, he will In reply -An earlier article by Bax­ find that an authoritarian father generates considerable re­ ter Smith, "The Black film boom" sistance from his "children!' (Militan~ Aug. 4), commented on several of the recent Black films. German antiwar action Last Saturday [Oct. 28] here in Historic impact Frankfurt, Germa·ny, there was a demonstration against the Vietnam The revolt on the aircraft carrier Constellation has dramat­ war. ·The Vietnam-Ausschusse, a co­ The real terrorists ically drawn world attention to the anger felt by Black sailors alition of German antiwar groups, The Militant is to be strongly praised in the world's largest navy. sponsored the demonstration and did for printing the recent articles about The impact of this action was seen in the dilemma it posed very well in publicizing it. West German and American perse­ for the navy's admiralty. For a week before the demonstra­ cution and Israeli terrorism against Navy Chief Admiral Elmo Zumwalt Jr. summoned some tion members of the group passed Palestinians. 100 admirals and Marine Corps generals to the Pentagon out leaflets to Gis at all the barracks West Germany's oppression of the Nov. 10. Using language described by the New York Times in the Frankfurt area. On Oct. 26 General Union of Palestinian Stu­ dents and the General Union of Pal­ as "strong'' and "brutally • frank," Zumwalt told the senior there was a meeting of organizers of the demonstration. Three Gis attend­ estinian Workers, and its expulsion officers they had failed to "command by leadership" in race ed. The next day there was another of Palestinians, is reminiscent of the relations. meeting. This time five· Gis and three tactics used against innocent people The Navy chief ended his lecture by issuing a seven-point civilian Americans attended. and dissidents in Germany during directive he said would be communicated to all flag officers On Friday, the day before the the Nazi era. Nixon's witch-hunt and commanders around the world. The directive ordered march, orders were given to all against American Arabs and Arab "punitive~ and "administrative" action against anyone "en­ troops not to attend the demonstra­ students reminds one of the perse­ gaging in or condoning discriminatory practices." tion. We were told that all Gis tak­ cution of the Japanese-Americans It is historic when scores of Black sailors involved in war­ ing part would be arrested and pros­ during World War II. time assignments defy orders and the principal response from ecuted to the full extent of the law. The Israeli reprisals, consisting the top brass is to admit that the fault was theirs. Saturday dawned with rain and largely of genocidal bombing raids cold weather. The weather was bad on crowded refugee camps, brings to Naval officials tried to avoid a major head-on confron­ all day, but the demonstration turned mind Israel's previous genocidal acts tation with the sailors. However, victimizations are taking out to be a total success. The Ger­ against Palestinians and other Arabs. place that violate the constitutional rights of citizen-sailors. man newspapers estimated the num­ They make one realize that it is the These must be vigorously protested. ber of marchers at 7,000-10,000, Zionists who are the real terrorists

6 National Picket Line Frank Lovell

in the Palestine conflict and that in­ discriminate killing of hundreds of Boyle &the law of averages people by an established govern­ The law of averages was bound to catch up money for these contributions? Boy:e gave them all ment is much worse than a single with United Mine Workers President W. A. "Tony" a raise so they could afford to con_tribute genero~~ly. terror attack by an unaffiliated guer­ Boyle. Sooner or later a labor skate like Boyle- Another trick used in the operation was a mailmg rilla group. who moves in with the boss; holds a joint bank of 200,000 cards soliciting contributions. Such a America's hypocrisy in expressing account with him; keeps the union pension funds mailing costs $16,000, but t~~ fund has spent only "moral outrage" over the Munich at­ in the joint account interest free; raids the union $1,268.13 on postage. The maili~g cost of the money- tack while giving tacit approval to treasury by paying himself, his family, and his raising cards was paid by th~ umon treasu_ry. Israel's terrorism reminds one of cronies executive-style salaries plus travel ex- Whether as a result of _this appeal or ~n response American terrorism in Southeast Asia penses suitable for astronauts; taps the till for to other methods, an officer of the National Bank and around the world, coupled with "organizing expenses" while the union membership of Washington, which is owned by the UMW, American indignation over the con­ shrinks and open-shop territory expands; openly kicked in $3,000 for Boyle's defense. duct of socialist states that is used to pleads the case of the boss for favorable government justify the U. S. atrocities. legislation; lashes out against the workers in every These latest charges against Boyle are mild com­ C.P. on-the-job dispute; undermines the union's grievance pared to other accusations leveled against him. They Brown University proceedure; covers up for company violations of have been turned over to the Justice Department for Providence, R. I. safety laws; unleashes a reign of terror against mem­ prosecution. They are typical of the kinds of legal bers of the union who object to such scandalous infractions the government uses when it wants to conduct; and finally resorts to murder-is bound to lay a trap for union officials. Such charges, which attract attention. He may even run afoul of the law in some instances may be groundless, can often be Correction and could end up in jail. It has happened before to explained away or can be dropped unnoticed. Your roundup of parties' ballot sta­ others. There are many examples of this, the most recent tus in the Oct. 27 Militant contained Boyle hasn't yet been convicted of any of being the case of International Seafarers Union Presi­ a few errors. When you release the the charges listed here. But there is plenty of evidence dent Paul Hall. He is no less reprehensible a union figures for the Nov. 7 election it that he is guilty on all counts. official than Boyle. would be helpful if they are correct­ Last June Boyle was sentenced to five years in Hall faced similar charges- misuse of union funds ed. prison for making illegal political contributions with for political purposes. B_ut Hall is a vice-president The Peace and Freedom Party of union funds. He is free on bail pending appeal and is of the AFL-CIO and a George Meany sycophant. California has been working with asking coal miners to reelect him president of their The Justice Department quietly dropped the charges the People's Party until the election union in a government-supervised election scheduled . against him. Shortly thereafter he turned up as chair­ but has never affiliated. The PFP in . for the first week of December. man of a "Labor for Nixon" committee in the election. California has nominated the same New charges are being prepared against Boyle, The unscrupulous conduct of these bureaucrats candidates as the People's Party for which he will probably face regardless of his fate of the Boyle type deserves different att~ntion, the president and vice-president and has in the election. Senator Harrison Williams (D-N.J.) kind that can come only from the workers who have also participated in a national meet­ charges that the Senate Labor Subcommittee, which long been their victims. ing for third parties interested in he heads, has found that Boyle established a "miners Whether the miners will be able to render their building a mass movement. loyalty fund" in April 1971 for the purpose of verdict against Boyle through the government-super­ The D. C. Statehood Party has af­ paying his defense attorneys. vised election will not be known until the vote is filiated with the People's Party and By Sept. 1, 1972, the fund had collected $252,970. counted Dec. 8. ran Charles Cassell for nonvoting But this money did not come from voluntary contri­ Until the past year, Boyle, like many others of his delegate to U. S. Congress. This is a butions of "loyal" coal miners. Sixty-six percent of it kind, enjoyed immunity from an indifferent govern­ districtwide (statewide) race. That was contributed by l,ayal employees of Boyle who ment and an unscrupulous gang of protective mine would make 12 states where at least were on the union payroll. Where did they get the owners in cahoots with him. one statewide candidate is on the ballot. The People's Party is not on the ballot in Indiana, but the Peace and Freedom Party is. C. T Weber By Any Means Necessary California State Chairperson Peace and Freedom Party Long Beach, Calif. Tony Thomas

'Decline of the Dollar' Racists fight Newark high-rise I require a little information. In the Usually, racist right-wing figures like Newark As­ Mayor Kenneth Gibson, an Afro-American, issued latest Militant we have received out semblyman Anthony Imperiale are total supporters a statement condemning the resolution. According here, the Oct. 27 issue, Dick Rob­ of the "free-enterprise system," the right of private to the Times, Gibson "pointed out that the city had erts's article on the international property, and. the enforcement of contracts. How­ a legal and binding contract with the sponsors of monetary crisis mentions a book ever, when confronted with attempts by Newark, the Kawaida Towers project and said the project called Decline of the Dollar. I get the N.J., Blacks and Puerto Ricans to improve their 'will be built.'" impression from the reference that housing conditions, Imperiale and his supporters The Nov. 11 New York Post reported Baraka's this is a collection completely made quickly lost any regard for "law and order." view of the resolution at the city council meeting: up of Ernest Mandel's essays. Kawaida Temple, a group led by Newark Pan­ "'This is an illegal resolution,' Barak a told the Is this in fact the case? If so, could Africanist leader Imamu Amiri Baraka, initiated a council. 'All you're doing is stirring up these white you find out the price of the book housing project based on a $6.4-million grant from people. for me and send me an address I the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. '"The North Ward is not a white preserve; it is could write to so that I could get the The project, Kawaida Towers, is to be a 16-story one-third Black,' Baraka said. 'Kawaida Towers book. I have never seen it referred high-rise with 210 "low and middle income" apart­ will be built, which may come as a shock to all of to before and haven't seen it in a · ments. Construction on the building in Newark's these people here.' "1 book shop out here, so I am sure it's North Ward began Oct. 12. On Nov. 12 Imperiale's followers held a meeting not available locally. Imperiale has risen to political fame by fanning of more than 800 to oppose the Towers. Imperiale G. E. racist opposition to attempts by Newark's Black tried to mask his racist intentions by claiming he Balmain, New South Wales and Puerto Rican majority to gain control over the was opposed to having a high-rise and would be Australia city. In particular, he opposes the efforts of Imamu satisfied with a five-story or "garden apartmenf' plan Baraka and his Committee for a Unified Newark that the Kawaida Temple refused. In reply-Decline of the Dollar con­ ( CFUN). His base is in the North Ward, a heavily Despite statements by Gibson that the near-bank­ tains 15 articles by Mandel on the Italian section of Newark. rupt city would lose $1-million if the Towers were international monetary crisis. lj can Currently, Imperiale's main target is Kawaida canceled and that police would be .used to break be ordered from Pathfinder Press, Towers which he sees as a threat to racist privileges the racist picket lines, Imperiale announced, "If the 410 West St., New York, N.Y. for whites in Newark housing. Although construction police escort the workers, I'm chaining myself to 10014. ($1.75 paper, $4.95 cloth). of the Towers began peacefully Oct. 12, Imperiale that gate." and his followers began to picket the site Nov. 9. On Nov. 11, Baraka called on his supporters to Construction workers refused to cross these picket write letters to New Jersey Commissioner of Com­ The letters column is an open forum lines, and work on the Towers stopped at that time. munity Affairs Lawrence A. Kramer. A letter cir­ for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ After a second day of picketing, Newark's city culated by Baraka and quoted by the Nov. 13 Times eral interest to our readers. Please council passed a resolution directing "a halt in the urged Kramer to intervene to prevent "protracted keep your letters brief. Where neces­ construction of the $6.4-million housing project un­ violence." sary they will be abridged. Please in­ til community representatives could meet with mem­ On Nov. 13, Superior Court Judge Irwin Kim­ dicate if your name may be used or bers of the Board of Education and the central Plan­ melman reenforced the city council's racist decision if you prefer that your initials be used ning Board to work out a 'compromise."' by calling for a seven-day "cooling off' period in instead. The council's six white members voted for the resol­ which construction would be suspended. Kimmel­ ution; its three Black members opposed it. Newark man claimed that he was acting to "prevent violence."

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 7 The Great Society Harry Ring

Morality dep't-Giuseppe Amedei, It­ should last at least five years before Plain talk dep't - The authoritative Horatio Alger, S. I. Hayakawa, pres­ aly's Social Democratic undersecre­ rust makes them undecipherable. Oxford English Dictionary announced ident of San Francisco State, an­ tary of state, wants to abolish the that for the first time it is including nounced that Japan's Emperor Hiro­ national lottery. He feels it's immoral Lame, halt, and larcenous?- Bomb­ "four-letter words." At a press con­ hito would be the recipient of the for the state to organize games of happy Major General Lavelle, who ference, a representative spelled out school's first honorary degree. He chance and that the people should was "punished" by being retired at one of the words the new Oxford de­ said the Emp has done remarkable realize that only hard work and sac­ $27,000 a year, is drawing 70 per­ fines as "transitive verb: to copulate." work in marine biology even though rifice will make them rich. Unless, cent disability for various ailments. The word is included among "other "being an emperor, he couldn't go of course, they're fortunate enough Just previously he passed another ex­ colloquial and coarse expressions re­ to college." to be Social Democratic officeholders. am qualifying him for flight pay. ferring to sexual and excretory func­ Fifty-three percent of the Air Force tions." Eh?- Federal officials estimate that generals retired in the past seven years at least 80 million Americans are af­ A town with heart-New York may There's little left- Older readers may received at least 30 percent disability. fected to a measurable degree by noise have rent and price gougers, noise, recall the snappy parting advice, Of these, 77 percent qualified for haz­ from construction, transport, and filth, and pollution, and a few other "Don't take any wooden nickels." ardous flight pay within six months manufacturing equipment. Confront­ faults. But the warm personal rela­ Now Dr. William Sunderman, a Phil­ of retirement. ing the problem, Congress voted a tions that develop between people there adelphia pathologist, warns against fast $21-million for a three-year anti­ more than compensate. Like the Her­ nickel nickels. He says a sweaty palm noise program. can absorb some of the nickel and ald Square bank guard" with a rep­ utation for being particularly helpful that the stuff may be poisonous. New York modern-A New York gal­ in assisting blind customers with their lery featured furniture designed by art­ deposit and withdrawal slips: He was ists. For instance, an outsized can charged with larceny and forgery Everything's relative-New Yorkers filled with pillow-like silvery blue sar­ when one such patron realized her will receive new, reflectorized, more dines. It's a bed and only $4,000. account was some $2,000 short. expensive car license plates. An of­ Or a sofa sculpted from plastic foam. ficial described the new plates as "per­ Bare, $1,500. Covered with suede or manent," meaning, he explained, they True grit- In a moment worthy of leather. $4,000.

Women In Revolt · Cindy Jaquith Do they believe in witches, too? "They don't ask me anymore if I'm going to blow Bonnema took her fight all the way to federal on company orders when he organized the walk­ up the world during my period," quipped Linda court and won a favorable decision. Since the out, but it's obviously to the advantage of the Jenness last spring while campaigning for pres­ highway officials were then forced to give her construction outfit's owners to perpetuate the myth ident on the Socialist Workers Party ticket. May­ a position, "they invented a brand-new job for about women in tunnels. It becomes a convenient be the news media is beginning to get over that me-confinement to the office," Bonnema told the excuse for not hiring female employees, especially myth- that women automatically flip out every New York Times. if the bosses can say that their male employees 28 days-but there are still a lot of superstitions But when Colorado voters passed the state equal refuse to work when women are around. about women in this society. rights amendment Nov. 7, Bonnema finally got The Nov. 10 New York Daily News ran an For example, until last week the Colorado High­ permission to enter the tunnel. The amendment interesting exchange that took place during Bon­ way Department officially sanctioned the belief that outlaws discrimination on the basis of sex. nema's tour: women are "bad luck" in tunnels. (Supposedly The news accounts of this incident have played '"Do you realize that Colorado voted for wom­ if you let a woman into a tunnel, chances are up the fact that more than 50 workmen walked en's rights?' one of Janet's companions asked the roof will cave in the next day.) off the job when Bonnema came into the tunnel. a workman who yelled at her to leave. The highway officials had to back down Nov. 9 According to the Nov. 10 New York Times, "The "'Yeah,' said the worker, 'I voted for it.'" when they permitted Janet Bonnema, an engineer, shouts rang down. . . . 'Get those women out of In the meantime, it's not too comforting to know to walk through the partially constructed Eisen­ here.'" One worker even announced he was quit­ that highway departments actually uphold such hower Memorial Tunnel in Silver Plume. ting. "scientific" theories for why tunnels collapse. Cer­ The tour was a victory for Bonnema, who has Further on in the article, however, Times reporter tainly most people who have to ride through those waged a two-year battle for the right to work .Anthony Ripley writes: "Many of the men, sitting tunnels would prefer it if highway officials spent on the tunnel project. In 1970 the Highway De­ later in the 'dry house' . . . said they thought more time worrying about safety violations and partment had hired her by mistake- they thought the whole thing was foolish. However, they said, the use of substandard materials by the construc­ she was a man. As soon as they found out she their foreman had told them to leave." tion companies and less time about the "dangers" was female they withdrew the offer. The Times doesn't say if the foreman was acting of women engineers. The American Way of Life David James Too many mouths to feed? Three hundred million to 500 million people on But poverty and hunger aren't restricted to the Other participants shared his confidence. Dr. R. H. this planet go to bed hungry every night. At least poorer countries. In the United States there are Burris of the University of Wisconsin, for example, that's the number given in a report released earlier 26 million people who live in poverty, and about said that "several substantial breakthroughs" in this fall by the United Nations Food and Agri­ half of them are hungry. These figures come from plant science in recent years will have "real impacf' culture Organization. Actually the real figure is a report prepared by the Citizens' Board of In­ on both the production and preservation of food. probably greater. quiry into Hunger and Malnutrition entitled "Hun­ This is very impressive. Why then is there a gap Most of the people who don't get enough to ger U. S. A. Revisited." Based on the federally de­ between what can be done and what is being done? eat live in the less economically developed coun­ fined poverty level of $4,000 for a family of four, The reason is that a handful of U. S., European, tries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. And the the report's figures are low. It would be interesting and Japanese bankers dominate the world. gap between these countries and the U.S., Japan, to see if the federal bookkeepers, red-tape special­ They have big investments in mines, oil and the advanced capitalist countries in Western ists, and two-bit politicians could make ends meet fields, industry, and agriculture in countries Europe is widening. According to the UN report, for a family of four on $5,000, $6,000, or even throughout the world. They employ workers at the poorer countries increased their agricultural $8,000. It's not easy. A lot of families of four starvation wages. And they funnel their profits output by only 2 percent in 1971, compared to with these incomes don't know-they aren't living out of these countries to provide themselves with 8 percent in North America and 6 percent in poverty. a life of luxury and to invest capital elsewhere. in Western Europe. Why are so many of the world's people hungry? These plunderers aren't concerned that their in­ A World Bank report in September indicated that Are there too many people to feed? vestments don't develop the industry and agricul­ despite billions of dollars of foreign aid and "im­ The facts are that there's no problem about ture of the world's underdeveloped countries, and pressive" economic growth in the poor countries, being able to provide enough food. Our planet that millions starve. Profits come first for them. "it is probably true that the world's burden of can produce enough to feed 50 times its present What's needed is a social revolution that will poverty is increasing rather than declining." population. At least that's the view of Dr. Frits throw out the international overlords and establish These are grim facts. Behind them lie the cold Went of the University of Nevada as reported in a planned and nationalized economy. Only then realities of high unemployment, excessive rates the Oct. 17 Denver Post. He presented this opinion can the gulf be closed between the food we can of infant mortality, low rates of literacy, wide­ to a session on plant growth regulation at a meet­ produce and the food we do produce and make spread sickness, and hunger. ing of the National Academy of Sciences in October. available.

8 Hanrahan defeat shows Black vote fl.Ower No Nixon landslide in Black communities By PETER SEIDMAN The large margin of defeat Black County, and hence in the state of can Independent Party presidential Although unofficial election returns voters handed Hanrahan was clearly Illinois. campaign in 1968 constituted an im­ show that President Nixon carried the not an endorsement of his Republican Daley's fear of the power of the portant part of the Nixon sweep in state of Illinois by a margin of almost opponent, Bernard Carey. This was Black community when it organizes 1972. For example, in five Detroit 900,000, it is likely that the political not a pro-Carey vote but an anti­ to participate in the elections on its precincts, where Wallace ran well in machine of Chicago Democratic May­ Hanrahan vote. It had its origins in own behalf- no rna tter how distorted 1968, Nixon doubled his percentage or Richard Daley is far more dis­ a break between Chicago Black Dem­ this vote may be by undemocratic of the vote to 52.1 percent in 1972. turbed by the defeat of its candidate, ocratic Congressman Ralph Metcalfe ballot restrictions- demonstrates the Nixon's racist appeal also explains Edward Hanrahan, in his race for and Mayor Daley after Chicago cops' potential for and urgency of establish­ the record sweep of the Republican · the office of Cook County state's at­ roughed up two of Metcalfe's Black ing an independent Black political presidential ticket in the South, re­ torney. supporters. party. Such as party could use the ported at 70.6 percent of the popular In a sharply contested "law and or­ organizational and political strength vote. der" campaign, Hanrahan lost to his revealed in the anti-Hanrahan drive The scope of Nixon's presidential Republican opponent, former FBI to present a real alternative for the victory made little impact on races agent Bernard Carey by 129,000 Black community- instead of just a involving Black candidates for other votes. The loss of the state's attorney Republican or Democratic Party can­ national and state offices. Three new post will open the Daley machine to didate no different in any fundamental Black representatives were elected to investigation by Illinois Republicans. way from.each other. Congress: the Reverend Andrew How serious this may be is indicated Further evidence that the Carey vic­ Young from Atlanta's 5th C. D.; Bar­ by the number of probes already tory in Illinois in no way constituted bara Jordan from Houston's 18th launched by a Republican U. S. at­ a switch by Black voters to the Re­ C. D.; and Yvonne B. Burke of the torney in Illinois, James Thompson. publican ticket exists in Nixon's fail­ 37th C. D. in Los Angeles. Young and ure nationally to make significant in­ Jordan are the first Black represen­ In recent weeks, Thompson has roads into the Black vote. While, ac­ tatives elected from the South since brought indictments against the coun­ cording to most commentators, Nix­ Reconstruction. ty clerk, three officials in the county on's margin of victory among Jewish, According to the Nov. 13 US. assessor's office (including a former Catholic, so-called ethnic, and trade­ alderman}, and 75 precinct workers union voters represented the major and election officials on charges of reason for his high popular vote, he vote fraud in last March's primary. Edward Hanrahan failed to make significant gains Hanrahan was defeated by an un­ among Mro-American voters. precedented bolt of Black voters from In Illinois, for example, Nixon won the Democratic Party slate. He lost Metcalfe- along with lawyers and only 7 percent of the Black vote, com­ 10 of Chicago's all-Black wards and other volunteers from a good-govern­ pared to his 6 percent in 1968. The received only 38 percent of the vote ment group called Operation LEAP; Joint Center for Political Studies re­ in 15 predominantly Black wards. In supporters of the Reverend Jesse Jack­ ported that nationally, Nixon won 13 the 1968 election, Hanrahan received son's PUSH organization; and percent of the Black vote in 1972 90 percent of the vote in Chicago's POWER, a West Side group organized as compared with 10 percent in 1968. Black West Side wards. by Charles Hurst, president of Mal­ This occurred despite a serious Nix­ These figures indicate that despite colm X College-spearheaded the an­ on effort to enlist the support of such Hanrahan's acquittal on criminal ti-Hanrahan drive. They organized prominent Black figures as Jim charges stemming from the 1969 mur­ poll watchers and lawyers to stem the Brown, James Brown, Sammy Davis der raid on the home of Black Pan­ usual voting fraud, which in the past Jr., and Floyd McKissick. Although Yvonne Burke ther Party leader Fred Hampton, the has assumed massive proportions in McGovern certainly failed to cam­ Black people of Chicago had reached the Black wards of Chicago. paign in a meaningful way on behalf their own verdict. Metcalfe's effort was the first break of the needs of Black people, many News & World Report, this brings By defeating Hanrahan, Black vot­ of a Black Democratic leader from the voters tended to see the biggest dif­ the number of Blacks-all Democrats ers expressed themselves within the Democratic organization since Repub­ ference between the candidates to be -in Congress to an all-time high of electoral arena in the only way they lican William Dawson switched his the racial issue. 15 out of 435 Representatives. Re­ could see, given the absence of any Black Republican organization to the This was facilitated by the fact that publican Edward Brooke of Massa­ candidate on the ballot who rep­ Democrats in response to the New the voters couldn't see any significant chusetts retained his seat as the only resented the genuine interests of the Deal of the 1930s. difference between McGovern and Nix­ Black among 100 U. S. Senators. Black community. An independent The Nov. 9 New York Times re­ on on other questions. Nixon clearly The Nov. 11 Christian Science Mon­ candidate for the office of state's at­ ported indications that Daley was so took a more openly racist stand on itor reports that on the state level, torney, such as Norman Oliver, who aware of the danger this show of such questions as busing, school in­ Blacks gained five additional seats ran a write-in campaign for the So­ Black force at the polls could mean tegration, the make-up of the Supreme in state senates and 20 seats in cialist Workers Party, is required to in the crucial state's attorney race that Court, welfare, and preferential hiring state houses of representatives. This obtain 100,000 signatures. These his machine tried to discourage a turn­ for Blacks. brought the number of Mro-Ameri­ must be approved by a Daley-con­ out of Black voters, thus denying its Thus it was no surprise that the cans holding state legislative office to trolled election board in order to be on presidential candidate, George McGov­ votes that had gone to Alabama Gov­ 207 out of approximately 7,500 seats the ballot. ern, any chance of winning in Cook ernor George Wallace in his Ameri- nationwide. NIXO S' MILLIONS holdings to about 23 percent. lion" according to the Journal. What is involved is the continuous These figures are not greatly dif­ expansion of the wealth and powerof ferent from those computed by Ferdi­ the ruling class. On one side it is able nand Lundberg in The Rich and the to dominate corporations with de­ Super-Rich, a useful guide to the hold­ creasing percentages of the total stock. ings of American ruling-class families. On the other side it is constantly able A few days before the Nov. 7 elec­ to take over new firms, squeezing out tions, President Richard Nixon's cam­ the weaker capitalists. The process is paign finance committee disclosed in known as "diversification." Washington that Richard Mellon Sev.:ard Prosser Mellon, president of Scaife, an heir to the Mellon fortune, Mellon & Sons, said that the Gulf was one of the two biggest contribu­ sales will come from "25 or 30 dif­ tors to Nixon's 1972 campaign. ferent entities." The reference here is Scaife's contribution was listed as to the variety of financial institutions $800,000. -banks, holding companies, founda­ tions, etc. -through which the ruling/ But this did not include any con­ class holds its wealth. This allows tributions between March 10 and April them to avoid taxes and conceal the 7, the period not covered by cam­ real extent of their ownership. paign-contribution-disclosure laws. In By DICK ROBERTS main bastion of the Mellon empire. The Wall Street Journal reported Pittsburgh, Oct. 25, an aide to Scaife A brief article throwing light on the This huge sale of stock, worth about that the Mellon family also owns said that he had contributed "an even real wealth of the American ruling $216-million, will still leave the Mel­ "about 30% of Aluminum Co. of $1-million" to the Republicans in this class appeared in the Wall Street Jour­ Ions firmly in control of the oil com­ America, 40% of Mellon National period. nal last month. It reported that the pany. Bank & Trust Co., and 20% each The other biggest contributor to the Mellon family pb.ns to sell nine mil­ They presently hold 27 percent of of Carborundum Co., Koppers Co., Republican campaign was the Chi­ lion shares of Gulf Oil. the outstanding shares of Gulf, accord­ First Boston Corp. and General Re- cago insurance millionaire W. Clement Gulf-one of the seven international ing to the Oct. 3 Journal. The sale insurance Corp." The net worth of Stone. Stone gave $1-million in the petroleum cartel corporations-is the of nine million shares will reduce their the Mellon family is "close to $3 bil- post-April 7 period.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 9 Jenness and Pulley urge activist youth to participate in Young Socialist convention By PEGGY BRUNDY state coordinator of Youth for McGov­ In her rally speech, Jenness noted lated how that organization had come CHICAGO, Nov. 15- In the week ern. the fact that the Black vote in Chi­ to endorse the SWP' s campaign in since the elections, Socialist Workers In his remarks, Tanzman said that cago had resulted in the defeat of the last days before the election. Party 1972 presidential candidate Lin­ "Many of the best activists in the anti­ State's Attorney Edward Hanrahan. "At first." he said, "we said we would da Jenness has been urging young war movement went into the McGov­ In addition, she pointed out that three not get involved in electoral politics." people to attend the Young Socialist ern campaign, hoping to end the war new Black congressional representa­ But Blacks asked them who they were Alliance national convention. that way. That tactic failed .... Ever tives were elected and that Washing­ going to vote for, who they thought "We've got four more years of this since the election I've been trying to ton, D. C., which is predominantly Blacks should vote for, and they had Nixon," Jenness has told meetings in · figure out what to do now, and I'm Black, was one of the two areas no alternative to Nixon and McGov­ New York, New Jersey, and lllinois. just not sure." When asked what eight McGovern carried. ern. "The wrath of the Black people "Now we need to discuss what to do months of hard work for McGovern "What this Black vote showed was convinced us that abstaining was un­ next. The best way to do that is to had accomplished, Tanzman said, the crying need for an independent realistic. We had to look at all the come to the YSA convention, which "Nothing. Absolutely nothing." Black political party. In order to de­ parties running and make a decision feat racist Hanrahan, who killed about which one offered an alternative. Black leaders, Black people had to "The most significant thing about vote for a racist Republican," Jenness the SWP," he said, "was its consistency said. in advocating a Black political party." "In order to express their disgust From lllinois, Jenness travels to with. Nixon, they had to vote Cleveland, where she will continue her for McGovern. But McGovern is speaking engagements to build the against busing. At the Democratic con­ YSA convention. vention he told his delegates to vote to seat the Wallace delegation. DENVER, Nov. 11-Andrew Pulley, "The power of the Black vote was the 1972 SWP candidate for vice-presi­ obvious in the elections, and the fact dent. spoke here tonight on the mean­ that there was no Black party, that ing of the Nov. 7 election at a meet­ ing sponsored by the Militant Labor r Forum. Pulley urged young people to make plans to attend the YSA con­ Black ticket vention over Thanskgiving weekend. The vice-presidential candidate had wins support just concluded a tour of Northern ATLANTA, Nov. 10- Two Black California before arriving in Denver. candidates who ran as indepen­ On Nov. 9 he spoke to a class on dents for Georgia state represen­ "Racism and the Two-Party System" tative made significant showings at Merritt College in Oakland, Calif. in the Nov. 7 elections. Both were Eighty students, many of them from Militant/Dave Wulp the candidates of the Committee linda Jenness speaking at recent meeting at Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass. other classes, came to hear the talk. for Independent Black Politics. Pulley who is a former Merritt student. Eddie "Omar" Webster, who ran was active in the 1970 struggle on in the 29th state district. beat the that campus for Black and Chicano Republican candidate in that race, will be held in Cleveland, Nov. 23- "I agree with Ed," Jenness said, "that control of Black and Chicano educa­ Clarence Ezzard. Webster got 352 tion. 26. Young activists from all over the many of the best antiwar activists votes ( 10.7 percent) compared to U.S. will be discussing what we can quit organizing demonstrations and The students stayed for two and a Ezzard's 224. The winner, Demo­ half hours while Pulley explained why do to fight Nixon's policies most ef­ started pushing doorbells for George crat Frank Deeks, received 2, 721. Nixon had won the election and took fectively and win our demands." McGovern. McGovern came to the an­ Arlon Kennedy, campaigning in questions from the floor. Many of the students who come to tiwar movement and said, 'Stop or­ the 34th state district. got 807 One student asked why the Socialist hear Jenness worked on the McGov­ gamzmg, stop demonstrating, just votes ( 12.5 percent) running Workers Party does not support the ern campaign. Their primary interest vote for me, I'll end the _war.' He against Democrat Ben Brown, nine-point "peace" settlement. when the now, however, is figuring out what came to the women's liberation move­ who received 5,664. Brown, a Vietnamese liberation forces have en­ they can do to build the struggle that ment and said, 'Look girls, stop or­ leading Black politician in the dorsed it. can withdraw all troops from gamzmg, stop demonstrating, just state, was the only other candi­ Pulley explained that the criminal. Vietnam, that- can win the demands vote for me and I'll solve your prob­ date on the ballot. betrayal by the Soviet and Chinese of women in this country, and to lems.' These voting results were re­ bureaucracies forced the Vietnamese strengthen the other struggles. "George McGovern's campaign hurt leased by the Fulton County people to make concessions to the U. S. On Nov. 13 at the University of all the independent struggles. We told \.Board of Elections. ~ imperialists. This betrayal by the lllinois, Circle Campus, Jenness de­ people just the opposite. We said, 'If Moscow and Peking regimes, he said, bated Ed Tanzman, former lllinois you want this war ended, you have meant that supporters of the Viet­ to build the antiwar movement.' Our , ~ Blacks had to choose between two namese liberation struggle must inten­ ~Bring us campaign helped build these struggles racist parties, was certainly criminal." sify their efforts to build the movement ·and helped keep them together." One of the other speakers at the for immediate withdrawal of all U. S. During the discussion !it each of rally was Black activist Walter Ches­ troops from Southeast Asia. The U. S. home now!' Jenness's campus meetings there has ter, founder and chairman of government has no right to negotiate The following letter, postmarked been a frank and serious exchange of the Black Masses Party, a Black na­ anything in Southeast Asia, Pulley Oct. 21, was sent to the Socialist ideas for activity during the next pe­ tionalist group in Milwaukee. He re- emphasized. Workers Party national campaign riod. office with $30 in contributions At a Nov. 9 meeting of more than from American Gls stationed in 175 at the State University in Bing­ Korea. hamton, N.Y., a student expressed a very common concern. "The antiwar Dear Comrades and Friends, movement in this country," he said, I've enclosed my October pledge. "has not only helped to defend the A bunch of us saw Jenness on Vietnamese against bombing and pil­ Armed Forces TV on the "Issues lage of the United States, but has had and Answers" program. What a a tremendous radicalizing effect on comparison with the other can­ this country. If Nixon signs the cease­ didates! We even read about her fire agreement it will undercut the an­ in the semiofficial Stars ami Stripes tiwar sentiment and movement. What newspaper. Small wonder that a will take its place?" great many of us aren't receiving At Northwestern University in our absentee ballots! Evanston, lll., a student commented The repression is terrible over that there had been very few campus 1 here now, with a court-martial rate struggles during the last few months. double that of last year and clash­ "Does this mean that the student move­ es between MPs and Gis occur­ ment is dead?" he asked. ring daily, especially_ with the Many young people expressed inter­ blacks. Something has to give. est in coming to the YSA convention Best of luck to the campaign. when Jenness explained that these Bring us-home now! kinds of questions would be discussed Solidarity, there. A GI (speaking for 11 others as On Nov. 12, lllinois supporters of well) the SWP campaign held a fund-raising Mil Camp Stanley, Korea banquet in Chicago. The 90 people Andrew Pulley held an outdoor campaign rally at San Francisco State College just before the elections. ~ ~ attending contributed $1,300. 10.. Mich. abortion referendum 200 hear New York debate loss shows between Hawkins and Tyner By SUSAN WINSTEN in the tradition of the Trotskyist movement, attacked BROCKPORT, N.Y.- Two hundred students at those movements that are for national liberation need for action State University College here heard John Hawkins, and socialism." In answer to Hawkins's statement By CINDY JAQUITH Socialist Workers Party candidate for Congress that the Soviet Union has provided only minimal On Nov. 7 Proposal B, the Michigan referendum in New York's 12th C. D. (Brooklyn), confront aid to the Vietnamese revolutionaries, Tyner said to liberalize the state's abortion law, was defeated Jarvis Tyner, Communist Party vice-presidential this charge was "misinformed." at the polls, while in Massachusetts voters passed candidate, and Dr. Theodore Wilcox, a McGovern The Communist candidate also said he had to· a nonbinding initiative in favor of the right to supporter, at a panel Nov. 6. be very cautious about supporting antiwar actions abortion. Michigan and Massachusetts were two Wilcox used his opening· remarks to attack the such as the Nov. 18 demonstrations called by of the eight states where voters decided questions Nixon administration. He cited the economic prob­ the National Peace Action Coalition (NPAC). "In relating to women's rights. lems in the U.S. and asserted that McGovern, un­ If passed, Proposal B would have reformed like Nixon, wants to reform the tax structure so , Michigan's abortion law to allow legal abortions that "private initiative" can be used for the "benefit through the twentieth week of pregnancy. An of all," not just the rich. Associated Press dispatch on Nov. 10 said that Tyner, who is also the chairman of the Young the proposal was losing by 1,748,672 to Workers Liberation League (YWLL), used most 1, 100,944, with 86 percent of the vote counted. of his talk to indict .the Nixon administration. The failure of the Michigan referendum came In the Communist Party's opinion, he said, Nixon's after a well-financed campaign on the part of the policies pose "a tremendous danger of fascism." Catholic Church hierarchy and other anti-abor­ Tyner said that there are no "messiahs" in the tion forces, and a crackdown on abortion clinics Democratic Party, and that McGovern's proposals and doctors by the state. are "weak-a minimum-if they work." He went The Voice of the Unborn is the chief anti-abor­ on to say that "the fight will go on beyond Nov. tion group in Michigan. Following the election, 7. We may be stuck with another four years of the organization boasted to the news media that a lame-duck Nixon." it had spent $200,000 on its propaganda, which Hawkins, who is also on the Young Socialist included glossy photos of aborted fetuses, mail­ Alliance national executive committee, stated that ings, door-to-door visits, phone calls, and bill­ the SWP stands opposed to both the Democratic board advertising. and Republican parties. He centered his remarks The Catholic Church hierarchy used Sunday on the war in Southeast Asia, pointing out that services to lecture against the referendum. Several "the war is a revolt of poor peasants, students, and parochial schools excused their students from working people against an oppressive society, classes so they could campaign for the defeat of against a clique of landlord capitalists, and against Proposal B. the imperialism of the U. S." He emphasized that In the last few weeks before the election, the the proposed peace settlement "has been wrung from anti-abortion forces got an extra boost from the the Vietnamese people through bombing and block­ courts. Earlier in the fall, a circuit court had issued ades and the murderous war carried on by the U.S. an injunction barring prosecutions under the state's government." John Hawkins, speaking, and Jarvis Tyner at table. archaic abortion law. But on Oct. 19, the State Hawkins said that "the nine points are a formula Supreme Court overturned the injunction. not for peace in Vietnam but for maintaining the This decision was the cue for a series of raids capitalist system in Southeast Asia.... Shipments the past," he said, "there have been very bad moves on doctors offices and clinics in Detroit. Among of war materials are being rushed to South Viet­ by NPAC to co-opt and, in fact, take over the those arrested for allegedly performing illegal abor­ nam to help Thieu take the offensive should the peace movement." tions was Edgar Keemer, a well-known Black agreement be signed." In his reply, Hawkins stated that "The Socialist doctor. The goal of· these raids was to cast the Hawkins also indicted the treacherous role of Workers Party supports the right of the Vietnamese abortion rights forces in the role of "criminals." the Soviet and Chinese bureaucrats, who wined people to self-determination." The way to help The impact of the arrests and the hysterical and dined Nixon earlier this year and who placed guarantee that right, he said, was to fight for the "abortion is murder" campaign was to reverse tremendous pressure on the Vietnamese to sign immediate, unconditional withdrawal of all U. S. an earlier trend favoring passage of Proposal B. the agreement. He urged people to turn out for forces from Southeast Asia. Previously, newspaper polls had shown that the the Nov. 18 antiwar actions demanding "Out Now!" "The U.S. government has no right whatsoever measure would carry. But in the final weeks the from Southeast Asia. to negotiate anything in Southeast Asia," Hawkins polls indicated that the referendum would lose. During the discussion, Tyner defended the nine­ said. "We think the only principled thing for us The defeat of the Michigan referendum and a point settlement. He claimed that Hawkins was as Americans to demand of our government is that similar measure in North Dakota shows the need opposed to the settlement because "the SWP has, they get everything out right now." to step up the struggle for the right of women to control their own bodies. In Massachusetts, the nonbinding referendum to repeal all restrictions on abortion passed with 54.8 percent of the vote. The measure appeared on the ballot in districts in 17 eastern Massachu­ Partial ballot returns for setts cities. "This vote is especially important because Massa­ chusetts is a largely Catholic state, and the Catholic Socialist Workers Party Church hierarchy, particularly in Boston, carried NEW YORK (From New York Post) on a major campaign against women's right to The following are incomplete voting returns for some states where the Socialist Workers Party, the 12th C. D. -John Hawkins ( SWP) 508 choose," said a· Nov. 10 news release from the 14th C. D. -James Mendieta ( SWP) 426 Abortion Referendum Committee. The ARC Communist Party, the Socialist Labor Party, and the People's Party wer~listed on the Nov. 7 ballot. 18th C. D.- Rebecca Finch ( SWP) 1,400 organized the campaign to win passage of For Raza Unida Party returns, see page 12. 19th C. D. -B. R. Washington ( SWP) 972 the referendum. -Jose Stevens (CP) 824 The release also pointed out that the referendum 20th C. D. -Joanna Misnik ( SWP) 650 carried in Roxbury, a Black community in Boston, and in working-class areas like Lynn. This fact COLORADO (From Denver Post) helps undercut the myth that Catholics, Blacks, Fisher/ Gunderson ( SLP) 3,915 TEXAS (From Austin-American) and working people oppose legal abortion. Spock/Hobson (PP) 2,236 Jenness/ Pulley 9, 700 0.28% State equal rights amendments were on the ballot Jenness/ Pulley ( SWP) 872 The following are all SWP candidates: in Colorado, Texas, Maryland, New Mexico, and Hall/ Tyner ( CP) 371 U. S. Senate- Tom Leonard 11,009 0.32% Washington. 1st C. D. -Fern Gapin (SWP) 301 *lOth C. D. -Melissa Singler 11,937 10.9% These measures called for amending state con­ 2nd C. D. -Joel Houtman ( SWP) 602 Gov. -Debby Leonard 23,404 0.69% stitutions to make discrimination on the basis of Colo. U Regent-Jon Hillson (SWP) 6,709 Lt. Gov. -Mike Alewitz 26,000 1.0% sex illegal. Although results are not yet complete, *Atty. Gen.- Tom Kincaid 58,384 3.3% WASHINGTON, D. C. (From Bd. of Elections) preliminary returns show that the amendment *Comptroller-Anne Springer 92,039 3.9% ReedfDeBerry (for Jenness/Pulley) 250 passed overwhelmingly in Texas, and also carried *State Senate-Derek Jeffers 9,529 9.3% Hall/ Tyner 187 in Colorado, Maryland, and New Mexico. The State House- Laura Maggi 1,599 1.3% vote in Washington was very close and will not be KENTUCKY (From Sec'y of State's office) *Land Commissioner decided until absentee ballots have been counted. Spock/ Hobson 1,315 -Howard Petrick 56,367 2.45% Passage of these equal rights amendments repre­ Jenness/ Pulley 644 Travis Cty. Sheriff sents an important victory for the women's libera­ Hall/Tyner 392 -Brad Kahn 6,764 6.5% tion movement, and shows the impact women's fight for equal rights has had on the electorate NEW HAMPSHIRE (From Bd. of Elections) *Only Democratic and Socialist Workers parties as a whole. Jenness/ Pulley 368 were on ballot. The victories in Texas, Colorado, Maryland, and New Mexico will help set a precedent fo~ winning ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Twenty-one states have thus far ratified the ERA; a total of 38 must do so before it becomes law.

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 11 Raza Unida vows to kee~ organizing Muniz wins six percent of Texas vote By TANK BARRERA predicted in the final weeks of the is an everyday thing, day and night, fore polls closed. and NELSON BLACKSTOCK campaign. But as the vote returns every day." Voting irregularities were a state­ SAN ANTONIO- This fall saw La came in on the television sets scat­ He said he was going to tell the wide problem for the party. According Raza Unida Party's initial bid at the tered around a room, there did not Democratic and Republican parties to a Nov. 9 UPI dispatch, "Party polls on a statewide basis in Texas. appear to be a visible letdown among that "We are here ... from here on founder Jose Angel Gutierrez blamed When the votes were counted it was party supporters. Periodically, cheers out." part of the party's problems on voting clear that the young Chicano party would go up when the TV station Similar sentiments were expressed fraud around the state. The boxes had made its mark, leaving the state turned its coverage to La Raza Unida, by Ruben Sandoval and Hector at Crystal City were impounded at with its first non-majority governor or there would be a chorus of boos Rodriguez, candidates for state rep­ the party's request, and Gutierrez said since 1894. when Briscoe or Democrat for Nixon resentative, and Fred Garza, can­ the party was left off ba1lots in San With 48 percent of the vote, the Dem­ John Connally came on the screen. didate for railroad commissioner. Antonio and the lower Rio Grande ocratic nominee, millionaire rancher The TV cameras had been there One of the major Raza Unida cam­ Valley. There were also reports of Dolph Briscoe, narrowly squeaked by paigns in San Antonio was that of similar incidents in Dallas." Republican Hank Grover's 45 percent. Albert Pena III, candidate for state Erasmo Andrade, Raza Unida Par­ The remainder of the vote went to representative in district 57-J. Nearly ty candidate for state representative Raza Unida. nominee Ramsey Muniz, complete returns show Democrat Joe from the district in which Crystal City who polled 6 percent, and to the So­ Hernandez with 6,563 votes to Pena's is located, told The Militant that Jose cialist Workers Party candidate for 3,223. Angel Gutierrez was arrested by Za­ governor Debby Leonard, who got "Hernandez is not going to do what vala County police while protesting close to 1 percent. he says," Pena told the crowd, "be­ voting irregularities at a polling place, In a front-page story, the Nov. 9 cause he's a Democrat and Democrats and that Luz Gutierrez, editor of the Houston Post observed, "Muniz failed and Republicans aren't ever going to Crystal City newspaper La Verdad, to eat away at Briscoe's vote in Harris do anything they say, because they was bodily carried out of a polling County (Houston) with the force he can't do it. They have too many place. did in such Mexican-American strong­ strings attached. They have too m.any Andrade explained that there was holds as Bexar (San Antonio) and vested interests.... evidence of votes cast by dead people Nueces (Corpus Christi) counties, but Pena said, "We have to educate our and by voters not meeting residence he did chalk up 17,552 or 3.1 per­ people. . . . Many of our people requirements. Two hundred absentee cent here. [Muniz polled about 30,000 would have voted for our candidates ballots, folded identically, were mailed votes in Bexar County.] had we taken the time to educate them from the same area and arrived on "Certainly Muniz could be consid­ about that bastardly little lever on the same day. This was what led the ered the telling factor in the 49-year­ top." party to demand that the ballot boxes old Briscoe's narrow win." Later, in a conversation with Mili- be impounded. The final vote tally gave Muniz Ramsey Muniz, Raza Unida candidate for , tant reporters, Pena elaborated. In the Andrade polled 6,500 votes, losing more than 200,000 votes, well over Texas governor. final days of the campaign his district to his Democratic opponent by 2,000 the figure needed to assure the Raza had been blanketed with leaflets by votes. Unida Party a place on the ballot McGovern supporters. On one side the As was reported in last week's Mili­ in future elections. · all evening waiting for the "conces­ leaflets called for a vote for McGovern­ tant, La Raza Unida Party took five On election night Ramsey Muniz put sion speeches," and at 10:15 p.m. Shriver and on the other urged a county offices in Zavala County. it this way: "We haven't lost, we've Muniz mounted the stage to address vote for La Raza Unida candidates. (Crystal City is the county seat.) won. And let me tell you how we've the campaign supporters. His mov­ Pena believes these leaflets cost La These include sheriff, county attorney, won. We said two things from the ing speech was greeted with en­ Raza Unida votes. Since there were constable, and two commissioners. Al­ very start. We said we were going thusiasm. no instructions on how to split a ticket, so, one Raza Unida commissioner to win the governorship or be the Muniz thanked the campaign activ­ many voters began by pulling the big was reelected in neighboring La Salle balance of power. There's no way ists for their work. He said he was lever by McGovern's name in the Dem­ County, and one Raza Unida consta­ we can lose now because this is ex­ proud of those who "were men enough ocratic column, thus locking in votes ble was elected there. actly what is "going to happen. They to stand up and tell the two parties for the entire Democratic Party ticket Final returns in the vote in the gov­ are going to know that we are here." that you've had it. ... and making it impossible to pull the ernor's race show Muniz polling 2,- The scene of Muniz's remarks was "When you have something called levers for Raza Unida Party can­ 035 votes in Zavala County to Bris­ I the Key Hole Club in San Antonio, pride, you have nothing to be didates for state and local offices. coe's 1,703 and Grover's 147. where more than 200 Raza Unida ashamed of. Then you have some­ There were reports that similar leaf­ The Associated Press reports that supporters, predominantly young but thing you can say to the other two lets, unauthorized by La Raza Unida La Raza Unida Party ran a total of representing a cross section of the Chi­ parties. You can say that nobody but Party, had appeared in counties 49 candidates- five for state offices, cano community, had gathered for an nobody controls me. Nobody controls throughout south Texas. 11 for state legislature, and the rest election night celebration. my mind. Nobody controls my heart. Voting machines were not the only in county races in eight counties. Sev­ It became obvious early in the eve­ Nobody controls what we do." problem. Pena complained that some en Raza Unida candidates in two ning that La Raza Unida was not Muniz promised that La Raza precincts in his district ran out of counties were elected. The other Raza making the kind of showing at the Unida would not be "something that paper ballots at one p.m. and did not Unida candidates for statewide office polls that some party leaders had comes out every two years. The party get more until six p.m., an hour be- trailed behind Muniz's 6 percent. Colo. Raza Unida makes good showing By LYLE FULKS in Denver; Maria Serna, candidate for Granado polled the highest vote DENVER, Nov. 11-With a few U.S. Congress in Colorado's 1st total of any Colorado RUP can­ polling places yet to report returns, C. D.; Florencio "Freddi" Granado, didate- 22,903 votes in the regents the Nov. 8 Denver Post showed that running for University of Colorado 1 race. He had experience of a unique the Colorado Raza Unida Party won regent; and Secundino "Sal" Salazar, . kind. Last year as a student at C U a significant number of votes. In at candidate for U.S. Senate. in Boulder he had been a leader of least one case, votes for the Chicano The campaign of Gonzales be­ UMAS (United Mexican-American Stu­ party made the difference between came the focus of much of the R UP's dents). He was thrown out of school winning and losing for the Democratic efforts. One tangible victory was the for spearheading a parity recruiting or Republican candidates. endorsement Gonzales received from agreement in which Cbicano students Among the most important races for Denver's most widely read daily, the would be admitted in proportion to Raza Unida were those of Jose Gon­ Denver Post. The Post also endorsed the Chicano population in the state. zales, running for the State House in the Democratic aspirant, Ted Ben­ He received 3 percent of the vote. the heavily-Chicano 9th District delow. The R UP ran for one of the two re­ Each Saturday afternoon for almost gents positions open. SWP regents two months, young RUP activists cir­ candidate Jon Hillson received 6, 709 r culated thousands of pieces of cam­ votes. paign material throughout the 9th dis­ In a close race for U. S. Senate Ruiz wins 13% trict. The result was an impressive between incumbent Republican Gordon Raul Ruiz; La Raza Unida Party 18.4 percent- 1, 5 86 votes -going to Allot and liberal Democrat Floyd Has­ candidate in California's 40th As­ Gonzales. kell, Sal Salazar brought away 12,422 sembly District (Los Angeles), Serna opposed the conservative Re­ votes, nearly 1.5 percent. - won 5,130 votes in the Nov. 7 publican incumbent Mike McKevitt and Michael Montoya, who ran for state election, according to preliminary Pat Schroeder, the Democrat. Serna board of education, got 6,499 votes, returns. This amounts to 13 per­ focused on the need for Chicano con­ nearly 4 percent of the total. This cent of the total votes cast. Demo­ trol of the Chicano community and vote meant defeat for Democratic can­ cratic incumbent Alex Garcia was opposed the deportation of "illegal didate Kate Stonington, who had reelected with 56 percent of the aliens." She received nearly 1 percent posed as a friend ·of Chicanos in her campaign. vote. of the vote-1,628 votes. Schroeder won the race. Fern Gapin, Socialist Jose Calderon ran for Weld County Workers Party candidate for the same Jose Gonzales won 18 percent of vote commissioner. He received more than congressional seat, received 301 votes. for seat in Colorado State House. 6 percent of the vote.

12 A weekly international supplement to The Militant based on selections from Intercontinental Press, a newsmagazine reflecting the viewpoint of revolutionary socialism.

NOVEMBER 24, 1972

'Chronicle' defies police dragnet Soviet dissident gets 5-year sentence

After a four-day trial that began of October twenty-two-year-old Andrei the disparate dissident groups of the October 26, prominent Soviet astro­ Dubrov was sent to a mental hos­ country-political, intellectual, reli­ physicist Kronid A. Lubarsky was pital after being interrogated regard­ gious and national- informed of the sentenced to five years in a labor ing the Chronicle of Current Events. others' activities and problems. In this camp for alleged "anti-Soviet agita­ Despite this ten-month police cam­ way, it counteracts the official govern­ tion and propaganda." Among the paign the samizdat journal has con­ ment policy of keeping dissident materials he was charged with pos­ tinued to appear every two months groups divided." sessing and distributing was the since it began in 1968. Issue number The Los Angeles Times article con­ Chronicle of Current Events, a bi­ twenty-seven, however, which was due cludes that the reason the under­ monthly samizdat journal of dissent. to appear in October, has apparently ground journal has been able to sur­ According to a dispatch from Mos­ been delayed. vive in spite of the police dragnet is cow by Murray Seeger in the Novem­ Seeger writes that although the that "more people are involved in its ber 1 Los Angeles Times, the Lu­ Chronicle is only one of many samiz­ production than the few political dis­ Andrei Sakharov, one of the Soviet barsky trial was only part of an all­ dat publications circulating in the So­ sidents known to Western observers. Union's top theoretical physicists, has sent out effort by Soviet secret police to viet Union, it "is particularly embar­ "The Chronicle circle is bigger than an appeal to the United Nations, along eliminate the Chronicle of Current rassing for the government because even the KGB can encompass." with other Soviet civil rights activists, ask­ Events. The campaign to stamp out of its remarkably accurate reporting Another factor contributing to the ing that the UN intervene in the case of the Chronicle is called "Criminal Case of violations of individual civil lib­ Chronicle's survival is its method of Kronid Lubarsky. In an interview printed 24" by the Soviet Committee on In­ erties. distribution: Recipients of an issue re­ in the November 13 Newsweek, Sakharov ternal Security (KGB). For the past "Each issue carries reports of trials produce the entire journal and pass said the situation was worsening for dis­ ten months the KGB has questioned and arrests from all parts of the coun­ copies on to others they think would sidents in the USSR. "Since Nixon's visit and arrested hundreds of Soviet citi­ try that are reported no place else in be interested. Since it is illegal for an [to Moscow], things have gotten worse. zens suspected of having connections the Soviet Union. It contains letters individual to own any kind of copy­ The authorities seem more impudent be­ with the journal. and news items smuggled out of pris­ ing machine in the USSR, supporters cause they feel that with detente they Many of those questioned have dis­ ons, hospitals and labor camps." of the Chronicle must t-.rpe carbon can now ignore Western public opinion, appeared into jails, others into mental Describing the role of the Chronicle copies or make copies by photograph­ which isn't going to be concerned with hospitals used as prisons. Seeger's dis­ among dissidents in the Soviet Union, ing the pages with a personal cam­ the plight of internal freedoms in Rus­ patch reports that in the last week Seeger writes, "It serves to keep all era. D sia."

left, the Ligue Communiste [Commu­ Alain Krivine explained that the 1968 the audience, many of whom prob­ nist League, French section of the invasion was not carried out in the ably took part in the battles of the Fourth International], the PS U [Parti interest of the workers in either Czech­ French May, which was denounced Socialiste Unifie- United Socialist oslovakia or the Soviet Union but as a "Zionist plot" by one of the or­ party], Objectif Socialiste [Socialist Ob­ of a privileged bureaucracy opposed gans of the Polish bureaucracy. jective], the French CP opposition both to developing socialism in the The featured Czech speaker, Jiri Pe­ France group led by the philosopher Roger countries it rules and to extending likan, seemed to direct his remarks Garaudy, the AMR [Alliance Marx­ the socialist revolution to other areas. primarily at Communist party activ­ iste Revolutionnaire - Revolutionary He challenged dissident CP members ists who had questions about the in­ Marxist Alliance], and the OCI [Or­ who claim that the invasion was just vasion of Czechoslovakia. He stressed ganisation Communiste International­ a "mistake" by pointing to the enor­ that the Prague Spring was not anti­ iste- Internationalist Communist Or­ mity of one "socialist" country occu­ Russian, describing the fraternization Mass meeting ganization]. pying a ''brother nation," explaining of the Czech and Slovak resisters with what a blow this represented to the the Russian occupation troops. He em­ Almost all the speakers stressed the cause of socialism throughout the phasized also that, particularly in protests connection between defeating the re­ world. It could only be called a crime, view of the Kremlin's rapprochement pression in Czechoslovakia and ad­ and the perpetrarors, enemies of so­ with the West, an international defense vancing the cause of the international cialism. The only answer was a po­ campaign had a good chance of forc­ Czechoslovak socialist revolution. Some moderate litical revolution to overthrow the bu­ ing release or better treatment of the and Social Democratic groups took reaucracy. political prisoners. the opportunity to express their sup­ Krivine explained that the political To conclude the meeting, Jan Sling, port for democracy "in general." But revolution against the bureaucracy in the son of Ota Sling, one of the old frame-up trials the main Czech speaker, Jiri Pelikan, the Stalinized workers states was tight­ Communists executed during the Sta­ the director of Czechoslovak televi­ ly linked to the revolution against linist terror of the 1950s, delivered The Paris town hall, the Mutuali­ sion during the Prague Spring and capitalism and imperialism in the rest a strong statement denouncing the bu­ te, which holds four thousand persons, the Russian invasion, called for a very of the world, that a victory of the reaucracy and affirming his faith in was almost filled on October 26 for specific kind of democracy in the East fighters for workers' democracy in the socialism. Young Sling, who was a meeting in solidarity with the vic­ European countries. He appealed for Stalinized countries strengthened rev­ brought up in state institutions and tims of the repression in Czechoslo­ a "political revolution" that would olutionists in the capitalist countries forbidden even to use his family name, vakia. open the way for the development of and vice versa. It was a lucid, power­ became an outspoken advocate of The January 5 Committee, which socialist democracy by removing the ful revolutionary speech that drew en­ workers' democracy during the organized the meeting, represented a inefficient and dictatorial bureaucracy. thusiastic applause and chanting from Prag4e Spring. He was jailed after fairly broad spectrum of the French Speaking for the Ligue Communiste, thousands of young revolutionists in the invasion. D World Outlook W0/2

employes who had walked out." The Sergio Inzunza (Communist); land Paris daily Le Monde noted in an and settlement- Humberto Martones editorial November 4 that as a result (Radical); mines-Air Force General of Allende's appointment of three mili­ Claudio Sepulveda; public health­ tary men, including Prats, to his cabi­ Juan Carlos Concha (MAPU); agricul­ net, the Chilean Socialists are "torn ture- Rolando Calderon (Socialist); Chile apart" and it is quite possible that and housing- Luis Matte (Indepen­ Altamirano will resign as party head. dent). The other major force in the Chilean The opposition appears to regard popular front, the Communist party, the military cabinet members as guar­ issued a statement November 3 "fully dians of its interests. The Christian Anti-Allen de strike wave approving" the new cabinet, according Democratic senator and former presi­ to the November 4 Daily World, news­ dent of the Senate, Patricio Alwyn, for paper of the U.S. Communist party. instance, feels, according to an Agence The MIR (Movimiento de Izquierda France-Presse report in the November ends; gov't seizes Revolucionaria- Movement of the Revolutionary Left), however, has is­ sued a declaration criticizing the in­ clusion of the military in Allende's Dow Chemical holdings cabinet. "It's dangerous for the peo­ ple to accept alliances made in their name with some high military offi­ By David Thorstad property were to be returned to their cials without some guarantees and owners; plans to create a state trans­ conditions for such a program," said portation company in the southern the MIR, according to an Associated part of the country were suspended; Press dispatch from Santiago N ovem­ Chile began returning to normal the activity of private truckers would ber 9. November 6 after truckers and shop­ be backed up by legal guarantees; The composition of the new cabinet keepers ended their twenty-six-day trade and distribution will be reor­ is as follows: interior- General Car­ strike against the Popular Unity gov­ ganized and will remain in the pri­ los Prats; foreign affairs- Clodomiro ernment of Salvador Allende. The vate sector of the economy; a cabi­ Almeyda (Socialist); national defense strike, which cost Chile an estimated net commission will be formed to look -Jose Toha (Socialist); economy­ $170,000,000, came to an end fol­ into complaints originating in all sec­ Fernando Flores (MAPU [Movimiento lowing three days of negotiations be­ tors of the economy. de Acci6n Popular U nitaria- Move­ tween the strikers and the new min­ According to New York Times re­ ment for United People's Action]); ister of the interior, General Carlos porter Joseph Novitski, writing from government secretary general- Her­ Prats. Santiago November 8, Senator Carlos nan del Canto (Socialist); finances­ The negotiations resulted in the fol­ Altamirano, the leader of Allende's Orlando Millas (Communist); public lowing concessions being made by the Socialist party, "disagreed in a mid­ works- Admiral Ismael Huerta; la­ government: All charges were dropped night speech with the Government's bor and social welfare- Luis Fig­ against the striking union leaders; req­ promise to return requisitioned fac­ ueroa (Communist); public education uisitioned vehicles and sequestered tories and to avoid penalizing state ~Jorge Tapia (Radical); justice-

iliary force in providing a solution to the problems confronting them; they want the people to be observers while the military and the government at­ tempt to find a solution to the crisis. In this way they bring about a de facto paralysis and demobilization of the people and as a result are un­ able to resolve the crisis.... The present confrontation is between the people and the big capitalists. The only solution to it lies in the MIR calls for workers taking things into their own hands.... If the bosses refuse to produce, transport, distribute, and market their popular mobilizations, goods, the people can and must take these activities into their own hands. The working class does not need the big capitalists in order to carry out workers councils these tasks. If the lack of "democracy and freedom" to exploit and get rich stifles the initiative of the capitalists, [The following are excerpts irom an in order thereby to bring about the workers' democracy can put the in­ Above, prosocialist workers in the streets of Sar official statement issued October 19 overthrow of the government, or at dustries and the rural estates into pro­ pied lands despite opposition by Allende. The by the Chilean MIR (Movimiento de least a decisive and permanent shift duction and commerce and transpor­ overs. Izquierda Revolucionaria- Movement of power from the civilian sphere to tation into motion.... of the Revolutionary Left) on the cur­ the military.... The basic task facing the workers rent offensive against the Popular Uni­ The relative breadth of social un­ if the crisis is to be resolved and its ty government of Salvador Allende. rest that the bosses and imperialism causes eliminated is the expropriation only arise out of the struggle and The excerpts were published in the have achieved with this strategy has of the big capitalists in industry, trade, mobilization of the people, out of it October 24 issue of the Chilean bi­ been made possible by the weakness­ transportation, agriculture, and min­ being unified from the bottom up and weekly magazine Punta Final. The es of sectors of the government over ing, and the mass communications organized on a community basis into translation is by Intercontinental the past two years. The bosses and network that serves them. This task Community Workers' Councils.... Press.] imperialism are continuing their at­ must be complemented by workers' At the present moment, the people tack on the people from the positions control over operations remaining in cannot allow the bosses to succeed of power and wealth that they hold; the private sector.... in paralyzing the country and creat­ the crisis created by the "civil resis­ Local and foreign bosses have un­ ing chaos. In order to prevent them tance" is also the product of a weak Only in this way will it be possible leashed a new and stronger of­ from doing so, it must normalize and vacillating policy that urgently to eliminate the economic bases upon fensive .... transportation, trade, production, at­ must and can be changed. which the "civil resistance" of the boss­ With their slogan of "civil resistance" es rests .... tention to the medical needs of the they have unleashed an extensive At the moment, these same govern­ The above can only be achieved people, etc., by utilizing the organized strike by the bosses that aims at para­ mental sectors are trying to relegate if a popular power, alternative to that action of the working class and the lyzing the country, besieging the peo­ the working class and the people to of the bosses and the bourgeoisie, is rest of the people, supported by the ple with hunger, and creating chaos the status of a secondary and aux- developed. Such popular power can governmental apparatus, the armed W0/3 ------~'~,--______.... _

and duly authorized demonstration organized by the [French] Basque or­ ganization Enbata." 5-6 Le Monde, "that the presence of at precisely the time that a law was The first protest against the French three high-ranking military men ought being implemented g1vmg to the government's repression was a hun­ to guarantee a governmental program armed forces alone complete power to ger strike by four young Basques in that respects the law and serves the ban the possession of weapons of any the cathedral of Bayonne. By October interests of all Chileans, not only those kind by individual citizens. 29, the number of hunger strikers had of a few parties." A spokesman for the Prats received his military training grown to eighty- forty-six in the ca­ right-wing National party, Victor Gar­ in the United States. Although he is 2,000 in thedral of Bayonne, thirteen in Saint cia, said he thought the cabinet was expected to fulfill his cabinet duties in Andre, seven in Saint Martin de Biar­ that of a "moderate government." a "nonpolitical" fashion, Marcel ritz, five in the church of Socoa, six The fact is that Allende has placed Niedergang noted in the November French in Mauleon, two in Saint Palais, two the fate of his Popular Unity regime 2 Le Monde that "it is recognized in in Hasparren, and others in Ustaritz in the hands of the military. It is sig­ Santiago that his political sympathies and Hendaye. Two demonstrations nificant in this regard that the pro­ do not lean in the direction of Popu­ took place in Pau. motion of General Prats to the most lar Unity. It is thanks to his insistent Basque town The mass demonstrations in Bay­ powerful post in the cabinet occurred intervention that the American mili­ onne on October 27 were touched off tary mission has not left Chile and when the police arrested a deported that the joint American-Chilean naval march against Basque nationalist, M. de Madariaga, maneuvers, 'Unitas,' were able to take • who had come to join the hunger place at the height of the [recent] cri­ strikers. sis, in spite of the violent objections repress1on "This was the turning point," Ram­ of certain leaders of the Socialist baud wrote. "Many people who were :._;i~?tH~=~P _,_~~ party." indifferent to the cause of the refugees ~ Meanwhile, Niedergang also point­ "Seen from afar- from Paris, for -and still more of nationalism- did ed out that as the Kennecott Copper example-you might think that the not appreciate the assault of the riot Corporation stepped up its campaign French Basque country was turning troops and the use of tear gas in the against Chile in October, Allende separatist, a word which, by the way, cathedral. That same evening, two moved to seize all Chilean holdings the nationalists reject. Is it? What has thousand demonstrators marched. of the American-owned Dow Chemical happened in less than three weeks?" ... 'Even though it was a mistake,' company. The official reason for the Jean Rambaud asked this question the moderates said, 'it was proof that seizure was that the Chilean subsidiar­ in the October 31 issue of the presti­ Paris is ignorant of our feelings; it ies "have not delivered the agreed-up­ gious Parisian daily Le Monde. It was the revelation of a chasm be­ on plastic products." One of the sub­ was a development that surprised a tween us.'" 0 sidiaries, whose value is set at $10,- broad spectrum of French public opin­ 000,000, is insured by the Overseas ion, running from right to extreme Private Investment Corporation left, that inspired this query. In the (OPIC), a U.S. government body de­ space of a few weeks the protests be­ signed to protect imperialist invest­ gun by a few individuals against the ments abroad. Thus, in the case of French government's persecution of the recent seizures- as with the na­ Spanish Basque patriots grew to the tionalizations last year of Anaconda first mass expression of national senti­ and Kennecott- the U.S. government ment by French Basques in the mem­ itself is directly concerned. 0 ory of generations. Some 2,000 people marched through the quiet provincial town of Bayonne in the French Basque coun­ try on October 27. Even capitalist, French chauvinist politicians were quick to try to identify themselves with of the working class and the revolu­ the movement. tionary forces. In order to accom­ "Two thousand people in the streets plish this, daily assemblies must be of Bayonne, that's nothing to sneeze held in the factories, on the land, in at. Even a UDR [Union de Defense educational centers and housing proj­ de la Republique-the main Gaullist ects, to discuss the political situation formation] deputy could be seen join­ and find a solution to the present ing in with a delegation of general difficulties through the power and ini­ councillors and mayors who were go­ tiative of the workers themselves .... ing to demand explanations [for anti­ But what is necessary above all is Basque repression] ... from the sub­ that Coordinatin{' Committees of all prefect. And this Sunday [October 29] working-class and popular organiza­ fifty mayors and councillors met." tions be formed in each community, uniting them in action and struggle The way for the October 27 march and making it possible to move to­ and other demonstrations was paved e FOR GRYNSZPAN: Against the ward the creation of community coun­ by the sharpening of the French gov­ Fascist Pogrom Gangs and Stalinist cils. ernment's persecution of Basque polit­ Scoundrels. We call on the working class, the ical refugees early in the month. On e Interview with the Copenhagen people, and the left as a whole to October 8, Le Monde reported that Sociai-Demokraten, 1932. respond in this way to the capitalist Paris had ordered seven Basque na­ e letter to the Communist league strike. In the face of the "civil resist­ tionalists deported from France and of China (section of the Internation­ ance" of the bosses and of fascism, exiled to the northern part of the coun­ al left Opposition). we call on them to open up the flood­ try until some other state agreed to e How the Workers in Austria Afrique-Asie gates of workers' action, mobilization, accept them. Should Fight Hitler. . Photo below shows peasants who have occu­ and struggle in order to deal a unified Not only did this measure reveal e Polish Fascism and the Mistakes as played a leading role in these land take- blow to fascism. We must strike to­ the complicity of the Pompidou gov­ of the Communist party. gether, in spite of our differences and ernment with the fascist regime in Ma­ in spite of the need to step up ideo­ drid, but it worked a cruel hardship These are just a few of the articles logical struggle and the struggle to on patriots who hoped at least to be and letters by Leon Trotsky that In­ win the leadership of the masses able to take refuge with their own tercontinental Press has published. Most were translated from the o rig­ forces, and the soldiers. among the people and their organi­ people across the French border. ina! Russian and appeared in the The people and the revolutionary zations .... On October 8, the reactionary Minis­ pages of Intercontinental Press for forces are not opposed to officers and The reactionary forces of the bosses ter of the Interior Raymond Marcellin the first time in Eng Iish. soldiers aiding in the fight against and of imperialism, of the DC [Democ­ issued a decree outlawing the ETA For any of those listed above, fascism and pushing to get paralyzed racia Cristiana- Christian Democ­ on French soil. Le Monde commented send 50c for each article desired. operations going again. On the con­ racy] and the PN [Partido N acional in an editorial October 11: Or, if you want to follow the im­ trary, we will strike together in this. -National party] must realize that "Taken suddenly on the basis of portant news of the world each week But the armed forces cannot hold back the workers and the people will not a thirty-year-old decree, the decision and get features like these, send the mobilization and struggle of the passively permit their gains and their of the minister of the interior follows in a check for $7.50 for six months workers against the bosses, which is rights to be taken away; they will not many recent deportations of Spanish or $]5 for a year to: the only way to definitively resolve permit the government to be over­ Basques. It seems beyond doubt that the crisis .... thrown, nor an authoritarian or fas­ the French government is determined In order to meet the immediate and cist dictatorship to be set up. All these to halt any extension of 'Basque senti­ INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS underlying tasks, the masses must be forces will achieve if they persist in ment' favored by the violent resump­ P. 0. Box 116, Village Station brought into action and their initia­ their aims will be the unleashing of tion of nationalist agitation in the tive developed under the leadership civil war. 0 Spanish Basque country. Already last New York, N.Y. 10014 April the government banned a legal World Outlook W0/4 ______,,,~------.-...-

ada's complicity in the Vietnam war. ( 1964 to date) and India-Pakistan What was previously diplomatic sup­ (1965-66). port and cover through Canada's The most blatantly proimperialist membership on the International Con­ action was Canadian participation in trol Commission and exporter of arms the phony United Nations force in to aid the U.S. war machine now Korea. The force included 8,000 Ca­ appears to be entering a new stage­ nadians but was commanded and fi­ sending Canadian troops. They may nanced by the U.S. The United States be called "peacekeepers," but they will provided 50 percent of the troops in reality be a new occupying army, (South Korea provided an additional a new foreign intervention to block 40 percent), 85 percent of the naval the struggle of the Vietnamese for self­ forces, 93 percent of the air forces, determination. and paid for the entire operation. The While the cease-fire agreement an­ U.N. authorization for the force was nounced by both Hanoi and the U. S. simply a formality. Like Vietnam, it has not been signed and may be was a brutal assault on the right of stalled by Nixon for some time to the Koreans to determine their own wring more concessions from the Viet­ future, to provide a base for impe­ namese, or indeed may never come rialist encirclement of the People's Re­ into effect, the provisions of the agree­ public of China. ment clearly call for international "su­ Canadian participation in the Ko­ pervision and control." Neither side rean force helped give the appear­ has publicly revealed the scope and ance of legitimacy to U.S. aggres­ nature of this international force, but sion, as well as the obvious aid in the Washington view, as quoted in terms of trained soldiers. an article by William Beecher in the In the Congo, a United Nations Oct. 29 New Y ark Times, assumes force was created in 1960 on the re­ that it wlll be a significant military quest of its president Patrice Lumum­ force: ba, supposedly to put down an im­ "American intelligence reports are perialist-inspired secession of Katanga filled with intercepted messages indi­ province under the Belgian puppet cating an intention on the part of Moise Tshombe. The activity of the the Vietcong to delay compliance with U.N. force was mainly aimed, how­ the cease-fire.... Saigon's forces ap­ ever, at Lumumba's government. Ca­ parently intend to play a similar nadian forces in particular, who were Macinnis game. . . . The only way to counter­ in charge of transport and commu­ act this trend, as Mr. Kissinger made nication, effectively cut Lumumba off clear, is by having the projected inter­ from his supporters. Through a se­ national supervisory force in place ries of maneuvers, Lumumba was at the start of the truce. seized by his opponents and mur­ "Military planners here (in Washing­ dered, and by the time the U.N. was ton) say there must be several thou­ ready to withdraw, none other than sand members of a peacekeeping Tshombe took power as the "saviour" force, equipped with helicopters and of Congolese independence. The U.N. good communications and free to force had effectively turned the tables move everywhere in South Viet­ on the Congolese revolution. Antiwar, socialist groups nam.... " Canadian troops have been ready Can Canada be a "peacemaker" in for a "peacekeeping" role in Vietnam Vietnam? A look at Canada's record for some years now. Liberal cabinet both in Vietnam and in other world ministers have hinted at such a force protest Canadian role "trouble spots" shows that Canadian in­ since 1968. Canadian forces have tervention could only be of a counter­ been training in "counterinsurgency" revolutionary nature. warfare for at least that long. CBC­ Since World War II, Canada has TV reported in .July 1968 an exer­ in Vietnam truce participated in every single United cise at Camp Petawawa, Ont., where Nations "peacekeeping" operation. Its Canadian soldiers were practising ma­ participation, however, was not that neuvers in a mock Southeast Asian [The following article is reprinted useful role in the enforcement of an of an impartial and neutral interme­ village. Troops have been sent to sev­ from the November 6 issue of Lab or eventual Vietnam war settlement." diary in conflicts, but that of a con­ eral tropical countries for similar Challenge, a biweekly published in Rogers was quoted as saying it was scious agent of imperialism. Canada "counterinsurgency" training. Toronto that reflects the views of the "quite possible that Canada will be acted when bigger imperialist powers The Canadian government has been League for Socialist Action/ Ligue So­ one of the nations asked to help super­ --the U.S., Britain, France, etc.­ the most consistent supporter of U.S. cialiste Ouvrh~re.] vise the peace." could not. Canada's aim was to crush aggression in Vietnam throughout the And the Canadian armed forces are revolutionary developments and sta­ history of the war. As a member of bilize the status quo. the International Control Commis­ By George Addison dutifully moving to prepare plans to send Canadian troops to Vietnam. In A quotation from the Canadian gov­ sion, Canada provided a rationale Ottawa, a Defense Department spokes­ ernment's 1964 White Paper on De­ for the puppet regime in Saigon, jus­ OCT. 28- Hard on the heels of man said that longstanding contingen- fense shows how peacekeeping is seen tified the buildup of U.S. forces, car­ Henry Kissinger's announcement that as part of a general proimperialist ried threats to Hanoi for the U.S., "peace is at hand" in Vietnam, the U. S. strategy: and even spied for the Central Intel­ State Department's favorite partner­ "... Communist pressure, including ligence Agency ( C lA ). These asser­ the active fomenting and support of in-crime, the Canadian government, The Nov. l 0 New York Times tions have all been documented by made a predictable offer. External Af­ so-called 'wars of liberation' in less­ the Canadian antiwar movement and fairs Minister Mitchell Sharp told the reported in a dispatch from developed areas, may well continue the socialist press. press that Canada is likely to par­ Washington that "progress was and intensify. In such areas, insta­ Canada has no more right to be ticipate in an international "peace­ being made in setting up a 5,000- bility will probably continue in the in Vietnam or Indochina than the keeping" force in Vietnam. man truce supervisory force, decade ahead and call for contain­ United States does. Canadian inter­ "Canada is the most experienced in which was expected to consist of ment measures which do not lend vention could be nothing other than peacekeeping," Sharp said in an inter­ themselves to Great Power or Alliance another denial of the right of the Indo­ 1,250 men each from Canada, view with the Toronto Star Oct. 26, action. The peacekeeping responsibil­ chinese to their self-determination. "and we have been making sugges­ Indonesia, Poland and Hungary." ities devolving upon the United Na­ Recognizing the pressing need to tions based on our experience." Nixon's top aide Henry Kissinger tions can be expected to grow cor­ awaken Canadians to the designs of What kind of a force does Sharp is quoted as saying it was hoped respondingly." the Trudeau government, the antiwar envisage? He told newsmen that it that this force could be in place Thus, in the view of the Liberal movement has already moved into could well be a "semi-military force," in Vietnam "at the same time that government, participation in U.S.­ action. On Oct. 2 8, 50 activists picket­ including, presumably, troops from dominated nuclear alliances like ed the Canadian Airborne Regiment's the cease-fire was promulgated." Canada and several other countries. NATO and NORAD is in no way barracks in Edmonton. Seventy pro­ The Oct. 28 Toronto Star quotes contradictory to "peacekeeping" opera­ testers picketed the Liberal Party head­ Prime Minister Trudeau as announc­ tions. They both serve the same gen­ quarters in Toronto. ing "with relief and thankfulness" that cy plans to move a Canadian peace­ eral end. In Ottawa, the Vietnam Mobiliza­ Canada is ready to send peacekeeping keeping force of up to 5,000 men to Canadian military personnel have tion Committee picketed the National troops to Vietnam, providing both Vietnam are being dusted off. Partic­ joined "peacekeeping" operations, in Defense Headquarters. Activity is be­ sides agree on Canada's role. ular attention is being given to get­ Kashmir ( 1949 to the present), Ko­ ing stepped up across the country, A Canadian Press article datelined ting the Canadian Airborne Regiment, rea (1940-54 ), Palestine (1954 to stressing emergency speak-outs on uni­ Washington, Oct. 28, reports that U.S. on standby at Edmonton [Alberta], to date), Indochina (1954 to date), versity campuses. Secretary of State William Rogers has Vietnam. Egypt (1956-67), Lebanon(1958-59), Canadians must move to block any consulted Canada and a number of The scene is being set for another Congo ( 1960-64 ), West New Guinea and all Canadian intervention into other countries "which might play a chapter in the 18-year history of Can- ( 1962-63 ), Yemen ( 1963-64 ), Cyprus the affairs of the Indochinese people.

•• ' •• .J •• 10 \. ,. , , , • • • , ' Lessons lor Vietnam u.s. used 'peace' pacts in Laos By PETER SEIDMAN it would accept the Geneva policy of Vientiane Agreement with the Pathet Moscow-aided forces, Khrushchev The nine-point peace plan President military neutrality and would admit Lao-led Laotian Patriotic Front, Sou­ agreed to another Geneva conference Nixon seeks to impose on Vietnam is the Pathet Lao into a coalition gov­ vanna attempted to implement the Ge­ on Laos. By 1962, the Soviet Union, supposed to bring peace to Indochina. ernment and integrate Pathet Lao neva Agreement: a coalition govern­ the U.S., Britain, France, China, and This treaty is in fact simply an attempt troops into the Royal Laotian Army ment- was established with the parti­ nine other countries were sitting by the American imperialists to con­ (RLA). cipation of Souphanouvong and the around the conference table and re- . tinue their domination of Indochina. Even while the Geneva talks were Pathet Lao military was integrated negotiating the fate of Laos. Once It's a weapon against the Vietnamese taking place, .John Foster Dulles, then into the RLA. In May 1958 the Pathet again a cease-fire was proclaimed people. U.S. secretary of state, was holding Lao and an allied party won 13 of and plans were made for a coalition The history of Laos, where provi­ a series of secret negotiations with 21 seats in by-elections for t~e new. government. sions similar to those in the current British Foreign Secretary Anthony government. peace treaty were included in the Ge­ Eden to define the real objectives of · The American embassy in Vientiane Meaning of '62 treaty neva Accords of 1954, the Vientiane Washington's Indochina policy. In his was so alarmed by these developments For the imperialists, this treaty was Agreement of 1957, and the 1962 Ge­ Memoirs, Eden recounts how Britain, that it financed and organized a Com­ simply a maneuver to maintain a foot­ neva Agreements, shows that the only the U. S., and later France, agreed to mittee for the Defense of National In­ hold in Laos that would permit them treaties favored by Washington are a seven-point plan for continued im­ terests ( CDNI) under the leadership another chance at crushing the Pathet. those that bolster its own imperialist perialist rule in Indochina. of a pro-American, Colonel Phoumi Lao. interests. Part of the plan provided that the Nosavan. Three months after the Pa­ Referring to the 1962 Geneva Trea­ The U. S. government supported Geneva Accords must not in any way thet Lao had proven its popular sup- ty, Roger Hilsman, assistant secretary these treaties only because they offered of state for Far Eastern affairs under the best possibility of maintaining pro­ Kennedy, admitted in 1965: "We all American, capitalist governments in understood perfectly well that [it] was Laos through which Washington just the starting gun. . . . H we had could continue its counterrevolution­ ... used the negotiations as an ex­ ary drive in Southeast Asia. cuse to withdraw from Laos ... we Laos is a warning for those who in effect would have been turning it support genuine self-determination for over to the Communists." Vietnam as to why they should op­ After 1962 the Kennedy administra­ pose the imposition of Nixon's nine­ tion sought to achieve its objective point peace plan on Indochina. not by militarily overthrowing Sou­ The origin of the Laotian freedom vanna Phouma but by winning his struggle is similar to that of the Viet­ participation in a pro-American gov­ namese. After World War II, a split ernment, a capitalist government, com­ occurred within the anti-Japanese re­ mitted to continuing the war against sistance forces when the returning the Pathet Lao. French colonialists refused to grant This was accomplished in April full independence to Laos. 1964 when Souvanna was confronted Prince Souvanna Phouma and his by an army take-over of Vientiane followers accepted the continued role and an ultimatum to either join the of Laos within the French Union and pro-American faction or be deposed established a government in Vientiane. altogether. Souvanna capitulated and Prince Souphanouvong, refusing to go merged his "neutralist" faction with the along with his half-brother Souvanna, right wing. formed an alliance with the Viet Minh The Kennedy plan had succeeded. -forces fighting the French in Vietnam. With Souvanna Phouma, the most In 1950, Souphanouvong estab­ authoritative "neutralisf' in Laos now lished the Pathet Lao resistance move­ installed as a figurehead in the pro­ ment in northeastern Laos. By the American Laotian regime of Phoumi spring of 1954 the Pathet Lao had Nosavan, Washington had created the established itself from Phong Saly in situation it wanted. The imperialists northern Laos to the Bolovens Pla­ now had a "neutralist" cover for their teau in the south. It had found new counterrevolutionary drive in Laos. allies among the hill tribes fighting By May 1964, the U. S. was carrying the Royal Laotian Government out a massive program of bombing (RLG); had swept the French out of Pathet Lao territories in Laos, all in Sam Neua province, where it estab­ strict secrecy. lished a government; and was· threat­ Today Laos is a country where ening Luang Prabang and other key New York Times map shows military situation in Indochina based on information from more than a million people live under­ Mekong Valley towns. Washington. Shaded area in Laos is conceded to be in Pathet Lao hands. ground in terror of U. S. bombing Hence the Pathet Lao shared in what raids. Whole sections of the land are the Vietnamese accomplished in May craterized and desolated from the 1954 at Dienbienphu- the collapse of ravaging of Pathet Lao-controlled French rule in Indochina. be understood to "impose on Laos, port in the election, the CDNI forced areas that have been declared "free­ Cambodia, or retained Vietnam any the ouster of· the Souvanna Phouma fire zones" for American bombers. 1954 Geneva Conference restrictions materially impairing their coalition government, installed a new More than a half million people have It was at this time that Washington capacity to maintain stable noncom­ government led by Phoui Sananikone, been driven from their villages and began to intervene actively in the Lao­ munist regimes; and especially restric­ and proceeded to break all the agree­ farms to seek shelter in refugee _camps. tian civil war. With help from the CIA, tions impairing their right to main­ ments that had been made with the A:ri Oct. 27 New York Times map which did not trust Souvanna Phouma tain adequate forces for internal se­ Laotian Patriotic Front. shows that the U.S. puppet govern­ to check the Pathet Lao advance, the curity, to import arms and to employ All the Patriotic Front ministers and ment controls only a thin ribbon of leader of a pro-American faction with­ foreign advisers. . . . [or] contain po­ sympathizers in the government land along the Mekong River valley. in the RLG, Phoui Sananikone, was litical provisions which would risk were dismissed, Souphanouvong was This government virtually doesn't installed as foreign minister. loss of the retained area to communist placed under house arrest, and the exist; its functions have been taken Sananikone represented the RLG at control." Pathet Lao troops in the RLA were over by the United States Agency for the Geneva Conference held from May China and the Soviet Union hailed dispersed. Sananikone then initiated International Development ( USAID), to July 1954, which was supposed to the Geneva Accords as a step toward talks with Diem in South Vietnam and its army is run by the C lA, and its bring a settlement to the Indochina peaceful coexistence, just as today they Chiang Kai-shek in Formosa, and entire income-spent largely to line war. The western powers refused to support the nine-point "peace" plan. asked for substantial U.S. aid. the pockets of a corrupt and isolated allow the Pathet Lao, wqich con­ But the reality of the 1954 treaty was With U. S. financing and sponsor­ group of tin-hat generals and war­ trolled two-thirds of Laos, to parti­ that through diplomacy the imperial­ ship, the Phoumi Nosavan-Phoui Sa­ lord families-comes from the U.S. cipate in the discussions. Neither the ists won concessions they could not nanikone government outlawed the treasury. Soviet Union nor China, which played win on the battlefield. Washington Patriotic Front in July 1959. The The U. S. government has spent active roles at Geneva, objected to this moved almost immediately to consoli­ same month the Pathet. Lao forces more than $650-million in the last exclusion. date this victory. resumed their military activities, and 15 years to obtain these results-its Rather, Moscow and Peking ratified In September, contrary to the Gene­ civil war once again raged in Laos. highest foreign aid expenditure per the accords, which provided for the va provisions for Laotian military By 1961, the military advances of capita anywhere. regroupment of the Pathet Lao into neutrality, the U. S. set up SEATO the Pathet Lao, as well as of Soviet­ Washington is committed to the pres­ two northern provinces, Phong Saly (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) and Chinese-supplied armies loyal to ervation of capitalism in Southeast and Sam Neua; pledged Laos to a and against the wishes of Premier Sou­ Souvanna Phouma, forced the Ken­ Asia and seeks in the long run to policy of "neutrality" excluding any vanna Phouma, extended its protec­ nedy administration to change its tac­ reverse the social revolutions thathave foreign military bases, troops, aid, or tion to Laos. By January 1955, a tics. Because Kennedy's support to the liberated the peoples of North Vietnam alliances; and called for general elec­ new U.S. Operations Mission in Vien­ Phoumi Nosavan forces in 1961 risked and China. There is no evidence or tions by August 1955. tiane began pouring funds into the a military confrontation with the So­ logic to justify a beli~ that they will In advance of the Geneva accord, RLG, making it totally dependent on viet Union, Washington turned to the follow any oth(l.r course. China recognized the Souvanna Phou­ American support. negotiating table. President Eisenhower wrote to ma government on the condition that On the basis of the No,vember 1957 Despite the battlefield successes of Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 13 Threat to U.S. workers Corporations, gov't plot speedup scheme By FRANK LOVELL multinational corporations and build­ war average. The problem arises from have been asked to suggest plants The ruling class in this country is ing factories in foreign countries. They the more rapid increase in productivity where new speedup techniques can be worried about foreign competition, are able in this way to take advan­ in competing nations, Japan es­ given a trial run instead of first work­ and that spells· trouble for wage tage of low-paid labor everywhere in pecially. ing out all details with management. workers here. the world. The man in charge of the National "To do it the other way around," he Big U.S. combines are determined The shift last year in the balance of Commission on Productivity ( NCOP) said, "might have suggested to unions to regain their advantage in the world foreign trade, when for the first time is Secretary of Commerce Peter Peter­ that something was being pushed market, which has slipped badly in in this century more goods were son, and the federal government has down their throats." allocated $100,000 to start "pilot proj­ the past 10 years. Automobiles are an shipped into this country than were Government surveys, reports Ellis ects" in a number of firms across the example. German and Japanese cars exported, alarmed the rulers of in the Monitor, "show that a majority America. They are now developing a country to turn out more products are better built, last longer, and sell of all U. S. workers, taken together, for less than cars manufactured here. national plan to cut labor costs here. with fewer workers. regard productivity as a device to A complete list of examples would in­ The business and financial cor­ This is not one of Nixon's "secret make them work harder, to boost clude thousands of products for the respondent of the Christian &ience schemes." It has bipartisan support in consumer market. It would also in­ Monitor, Harry Ellis, reported Nov. the U. S. Congress and is endorsed by profits for the firm." The workers are clude many items used in manu­ 8 from Washington that "Quietly, over top-ranking labor bureaucrats. A bill right. facturing, such as steel. a period of many months, experts by Senator Edward Kennedy will be But the theory, as explained by Com­ In order to underbid foreign com­ in several government departments­ reintroduced in the next session merce Secretary Peterson, is that in­ petitors in the world market, U. S. Commerce, Labor, HEW, HUD, and of Congress for federal funds to creased productivity will bring "price finance engineeringschools to develop products must be turned out cheaper the Price Commission-have ham­ stability, an increase in real wages, new speedup techniques. Meanwhile, and better. This means increasing mered out a grass-roots approach to higher profits, and an improved qual­ the problem." NCOP, created by Nixon in 1970, ity of life." productivity, producing more goods will develop its on-the-job experiments in less time with fewer workers. This How to raise productivity is "the in collaboration with private industry. The validity of this theory seemed is the way the capitalists cut labor problem." This despite the fact that to be demonstrated in the advanced costs and raise profits, their first the U. S. Labor Department reports Government officials have already capitalist countries during the nine­ priority. private industry showed a third­ approached top union officials, teenth and early twentieth centuries Recently the big U.S. capitalists have quarter increase in output per hour seeking their support in the speedup when capitalism was expanding and increased their profits by developing of 3.7 percent, well above the post- projects. The extent of their collabora­ new labor-saving equipment and ad­ tion is beginning to show in the 1973 vanced technology were introduced. bargaining demands of some major This raised the standard of living in unions. Officials of the United Auto the most industrially advanced coun­ Workers are talking about "humani­ tries at the expense of the colonial and zing the work place." President I. W. semicolonial areas of the world. Abel of the United Steelworkers con­ Today the new technology is world­ tinues to talk about "our new Indus­ wide, the colonies refuse to be colonies trial Conference approach to bargain­ anymore, and the system of world ing" in which it was agreed in the capitalism must now turn upon the 1971 steel negotiations to set up union­ industrial workers and drive down management "productivity commit­ their standard of living to maintain tees." its profits. The quality of life in this country All this is only soft soap for is deteriorating, not improving. With the workers to make them think some­ all the advanced technology the work­ thing is being done for them instead place is a worse place, not better, as of to them. Now that government any worker knows. It is harder and agencies have taken over direction more dangerous to work in a of the projects to raise productivity, coal mine, a steel mill, or an auto · they have enlisted the willing services plant today than it was 50 years In order to underbid foreign competition, U.S. auto companies are introducing speed­ of the union bureaucracy. ago, but productivity is higher. Pro­ up conditions here, such as at General Motors plant in Lordstown, Ohio (1), and de­ As one unnamed government repre­ ductivity is what counts under veloping factories in other countries, like this Ford plant in Ontario, Canada (r). sentative explained, the union officials the profit system.

Steelworkers are victims of pension fraud By HERMAN KIRSCH plan to pay a few but not all former they have that the Democrats in Con­ against fraudulent pension plans ex­ CLEVELAND, Nov. 7- Officials of employees. gress or the state legislatures will do cept from government. "It is obvious the United Steelworkers of America, These workers happened to be mem­ something to help them. Such ill­ to me," he says, "that situations such AFL-CIO, recently announced they bers of the Steelworkers union. How­ founded hopes are fostered, of course, as this cannot be handled through are demanding protected pensions for ever, their fate is not limited to work­ by the spineless union bureaucrats. collective bargaining alone. For one workers covered by USWA contracts. ers organized by USW A. All unions The official USW A monthly publi­ thing, the cost would be astronomi­ Joseph Kender, director of USWA Dis­ have failed to· demand protected pen­ cation, Steel Labor (November issue), cal." trict 28, told Cleveland Plain Dealer sions. It is estimated that up to 90 has a big spread on the pension scan­ What should be equally obvious is reporter Robert Daniels yesterday that percent of all pension plans are in­ dal, headlined "Business, White House that Democratic and Republican par­ union representatives were preparing adequately funded. Pressure Guts Pension Security Bill ty politicians have not passed any to negotiate a protective plan with Union officials and the victims of in Senate." Accompanying this are ex­ basic social legislation to protect the National Tool Company in this these fraudulent pension plans are cerpts from the NBC documentary workers' living standards and' wel­ city when it closed its doors last Jan­ complaining to the Democratic and "Pensions: The Broken Promise," fare rights since the 1930s. The gov­ uary. Republican party politicians in Con­ which was televised nationally Sept. ernment at that time was forced to en­ The closing of National Tool was gress. They correctly point out that 12. act new social measures by workers another in a long list of plant clos­ the vested interests of working peo­ What does the union suggest? Try who took to. the streets or sat down in ings bringing the high unemploy­ ple who spend most of their lives with again, that's all. The article in Steel the plants demanding industrial union ment that plagues this industrial area. a company should be protected, even Labor says, "The death of the mea­ recognition and a better life. Under Lack of protected pension plans is if the company is forced to go out sure [Williams-J avits pension reform pressure of a radicalizing working tragic for many who have been of business or to move. bill] in this session means that the class Congress passed such legislation thrown out of work and will never Peter Pohorence, 52, worked 31 bill will again have to go through as Social Security, the 40-hour work­ find other jobs. years at National Tool. "I thought the lengthy legislative process, from week, industrial accident compen­ In the past 10 years 45 companies my pension was guaranteed after 31 hearings to subcommittee and com­ sation, and unemployment insurance have closed, casting out approximate­ years, but I'm not old enough to re­ mittee action prior to reaching the laws. ly 25,000 workers. Many of these tire," he said. "As a matter of fact, floor." Not a very promising pros­ Guaranteed funding for pension workers are in the combined category most of us knew very little about what pect, but this is the only hope the plans is a national need, and the lack "too old to get another job, too young we had coming from the pension fund. union tops offer. of it is a political crime. This problem to qualify for Social Security." They The arrangement was so complex it A scheme to establish a National will not be resolved by relying on the are among the many thousands of took a Philadelphia lawyer to figure Industrial Group Pension Plan in­ representatives of big business in the unemployed or underemployed not it out." Pohorence started at National volving 12 major insurance com­ halls of Congress and the state legis­ listed by federal or state governments Tool when he was 20. panies is a lucrative prospect for the latures. in either group. Another National Tool worker, private insurance companies but hard­ Without doubt, an independent par­ The · closing of these plants has Richard Sullivan, expressed despair. ly protection for the victims of exist­ ty of labor based on the unions in also revealed the distressing fact that "A lot of guys with a lot of time in ing fraudulent insurance plans. Al­ this country, even with a few repre­ many of these workers, formerly the place are left with nothing. They ready low pension payments will be sentatives in Congress, could expose unionized, will not get their pensions might as well dig a hole someplace lower after the insurance companies the pension plan racket as a national when they reach retirement age. and go crawl into it," he said. take their rake-off. scandal. And a militant union move­ Thirty-year employees of National What compounds the tragedy of the Frank Valenta, president of the ment could once again force the enact­ Tool are now being told that there National Tool workers, as well as Cleveland AFL-CIO Central Labor ment of legislation that protects work­ is only enough money in the pension others in similar straits, is the hope Council, has little hope for protection ing men and women.

14 Canadian actions call Short-term strikes for right to abortion The followi.J:Jg are excerpts from an who came to the Toronto meeting, continue to hit GM article in the Nov. 6 Labor Challenge, explained how he had disagreed with By FRANK LOVELL of the General Motors Assembly Di­ the Canadian biweekly that reftects repeal but that the women working NOV. 12-The 8,000-member United vision ( GMAD). Top UAW officials the views of the League for Socialist in his campaign had convinced him. Auto Workers Local 1112 at the Gen­ say GMAD is primarily responsible Action/Ligue Socialiste Ouvriere Beardsley was challenged by "Stu- eral Motors assembly plant in Lords­ for the new GM speedup technique. (LSA/LSO). dents for Life," who demanded to town, Ohio, voted by a 78 percent The successive rounds of "quickie" majority Nov. 5 to strike when their strikes are claimed to aid the union By PENNY SIMPSON know if all the social problems that union officials give the signal. in current negotiations with the cor­ "Abortion - a woman's right to now exist in the rearing of children The Lordstown plant is where the poration. There has been some loss choose!" rang out loud and clear in were solved, would those who advo- · Chevrolet Vega is built. A 22-day in overall GM production during the spirited actions for repeal of the anti- cate abortion stop fighting for repeal strike there against layoffs and speed­ past month of weekend strikes, abortion laws, from Vancouver to of the abortion laws. Beardsley won up ended March 27 without settling ranging as high as 10,000 units ac­ Montreal, Oct. 21-22. the enthusiastic applause· of the 150 In Edmonton [Alberta], Joan Cam- participants with his categorical, "No. anything. More than 400 workers had cording to some estimates. But there been laid off prior to the strike, and has been no move on the part of eron, chairwoman of the Edmonton Our position is that it's a basic right management tried to maintain the the corporation to rehire any of the chapter of the Canadian Women's Co- of women." same production schedule of 100 cars 18,000 workers laid off this year un­ alition to Repeal the Abortion Laws, Lorna Grant, executive secretary of per hour with the reduced work force. der the GM speedup policy. summed up the militancy of the cross- the Canadian Women's Coalition, ex- If Lordstown workers walk out A sign that GM management and again it will be part of a general UAW top officials are approaching pattern of short-term strikes against an understanding on production GM plants around the country schedules and work standards for the designed to force the corporation to present 1973 model year was an relax pressure on workers in its as­ agreement reached Oct. 2 at the huge sembly division. St. Louis assembly plant. This plant After the strike vote a local UAW had been the center of much strike official said, "We are trying to set­ talk and some action since the series tle our differences, and talks are going of "quickies" began. More than 1,000 on now to avert a strike between the workers there have been laid off due local and management." Any strike to speedup. at this time will require approval of The terms of the agreement in the the UAW International and will be St. Louis plant have not yet been pub­ part' of the union's top-level strategy licized, and what substance there is in negotiations with GM management to the promises that were made to over the speedup issue. While no ap­ UAW members of Local 25 is not parent progress has been made in yet known. However, none of the these negotiations, the series of "week­ 1,000 workers laid off were immedi­ end" strikes has tapered off sharply ately rehired. Toronto, Oct. 21 Wendy Johnston/labor Challenge during the past two weeks. Present . union-management negotia­ Short-term strikes had continued for tions at the highest levels are pre­ country demonstrations. "The protest plained the purpose of the [Toronto] the fourth consecutive week when paring for new contract negotiations, cannot stop with the day's demonstra­ rally: UAW members at other GM plants which will formally begin in August tion," she said. "We have to build a "We don't have the resources of the walked out on the weekend of Nov. 1973, one month prior to expiration strong movement that will force Par­ Catholic Church, or the power of the 4, some remaining out until after t'J.e of the UAW contract in the auto in­ liament to grant our demands." prime minister, nor have we the courts Nov. 7 general election. This four~h dustry. The successive short-term The actions in Hamilton and Peter­ or the laws on our side. We have only round of "weekenders" hit three plants, strikes have a double purpose. The borough [Ontario] were the first ever ourselves and the. power we can bring the steering gear plant in Saginaw, union officials seek to give UAW in those cities, while the Ottawa group together in our numbers. We intend Mich., and two assembly plants in members the impression that impor­ held its first purely local demonstra­ to make this campaign so big that the Atlanta area, involving in all tant action is being taken in their tion. no government can ignore us any about 15,000 workers. behalf. These officials also hope to Most important of all in the elec­ longer." The Saginaw plant, which employs impress upon GM that the union has tion period, the actions brought out Only the NDP among the political 7,000 UAW members, is one of GM's the power to halt production anywhere the NDP [New Democratic Party­ parties picked up this challenge in key operations. It supplies steering at anytime unless some concessions Canada's labor party] consistently a serious way. Their candidates came units. for all GM cars and trucks as are made. What is being asked is throughout the country to identify with out to declare their support for re­ well as for such competitors in the modest enough, couched in the most the abortion campaign. peal in Toronto, Hamilton, Winnipeg, industry as Ford, Chrysler, American conciliatory terms. Bob Beardsley, one of the NDPers Ottawa, Montreal, and Vancouver. Motors, and International Harvester. The UAW bargaining goal, accord­ Factories struck in the Atlanta area, ing to an Oct. 15 announcement of at Doraville and Lakewood, are both the UAW Canadian council, is "hu­ GM assembly plants. The one in manizing the work place." This for­ Doraville was hit in the first round mulation of the union's "top table" Seattle abortion hearing of weekend strikes, which began Oct. demand comes straight from Solidar­ SEATTLE-More than 200 women National Abortion Action Coalition, 13. ity House in Detroit. Dennis McDer­ and men participated in a day of and State Representative Lois North Threatening to continue the tactic mott, a UAW vice-president and the activities around the theme o( "Wom­ discuss the campaign to pass the state of closing GM operations for short Canadian director, explained that "hu- en: The Fight to Control Our Own equal rights amendment, which was Lives" held here Nov. 1. The activ­ on the Nov. 7 ballot here. Dr. Bar­ ities were sponsored by the Seattle bara Puckett spoke on the abortion Abortion Action Coalition of Women ·,situation in Washington. and the University of Washington That evening, about 50 women Campus Abortion Committee. came to a speak-out on crimes against At the day session about 150 people women. During the discussion three watched "It Happens To Us," a movie Black women spoke on the "double about abortion. The group also heard struggle" faced by Black women and Gloria Albee speak on the Women's Chicanas. r 2nd French abortion trial NOV. 12 -International attention Nobel prizewinner Jacques Strike~s at GM'slordstown plant last spring. continued to focus on the abortion Monod testified that he gave Che­ situation in France as the trial of valier money to reimburse her for periods until the corporation complies maruzmg the work place means ... Michelle Chevalier, a subway the cost of the abortion. with the UAW contract on manning we're going to be tackling the bore­ worker, came to a close last week. scales, job classifications, production dom, the brutalizing, and the indig­ Chevalier is being tried for com­ Professor Paul Milliez, dean of schedules, and safety conditions, nities which workers are heir to in plicity in procuring an abortion the medical school at Broussais union officials have served strike no­ today's industrialized society." for her 17 -year-old daughter, Hospital, told the court that hew as tices at the Wilmington, Del., assem­ Most auto workers say what they Marie-Claire. Last month, as the a Roman Catholic and was bly plant and the Central Foundry are looking for right now is a way result of a campaign in her behalf personally opposed to abortion. in Danville, ill. to tackle the more immediate and eas­ by women's liberation and abor­ However, he said, the law in The company practice of cutting the ily understood problems of unemploy­ tion rights groups, Marie-Claire France must "provide for abor­ work force, combining jobs, and try­ ment, speedup, and rising prices. The was acquitted. tions on social grounds. . . . I ing to maintain the same fast-paced present limited strike tactics and labor­ During the past week, prominent have never heard of a rich woman production schedule has provoked the management negotiations of the UAW individuals such as author Simone who couldn't get an abortion. As series of strikes that may eventually top officials have been of little help de Beauvoir appeared at Che­ for the poor, I've seen them die." hit all 18 plants under management thus far. valier's trial to testify in her be- A decision on Chevalier's case '- half. is expected in two weeks. ..J

THE ,MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 .,.,15 David Siaueiros ·.ad s he allemoled 10 kill Trotsky on orders lrom Stalin It has long been known that the Mex­ here to ask me about things I don't and by using a strategem. But finally tine operations and was used to dan­ ican muralist and Communist David want to remember." he guessed at the trap and exploded: ger. I had participated in political AHaro Siqueiros played a central role But I had come to this place, to the "It looks like I'm going to have to struggles in Central and South Amer­ in the May 24, 1940 attempt on Leon plain of Cuernavaca, precisely to talk give in and talk about that damned ican countries. But despite this, I had Trotsky's life. In this assault, Robert to Siqueiros about assaults, intrigues, assault. So be it. And since I am a never found myself faced with the ne­ Sheldon Harte was taken prisoner and and murders. painter, I will paint while I am telling cessity to kill anyone in cold blood. later murdered. the story." He dipped a brush into But even so we fired about three hun­ In his review of Joseph Losey's film, David Siqueiros is sixty-three years some thick black paint and began to dred shots from the patio into the The Assassination of Trotsky (printed old, with a robust look and a tough outline forms. bedroom where we thought Trotsky in The Militant's Nov. 3 issue), Jo­ temperament. He is considered one was sleeping." seph Hansen, one of Trotsky's sec­ of the major figures in contemporary ·"Those days," he recalled, "were days Even today in the walls of the Coyo­ retaries at the ·time of the assault, Mexican painting (his works bring of grimness and suffering. We had acan refuge, carefully watched over challenged the Mexican painter in a prices in the hundreds of thousands just come back from the Spanish civil by Trotsky's grandson, we can see footnote. Hansen wrote: of pesos and his school is frequented war in a very depressed state. In the many bullet holes left by the guns "Siqueiros, still living, has not yet by the most talented young artists in Soviet Union the struggle between of Siqueiros's commandos. The as­ revealed the inside story of this mur­ all of Central and South America). Stalin and Trotsky had undermined sault failed, either because the attack­ der in which he participated, or what In 1940, however, he wrote a bloody the unity of the international Commu­ ers acted precipitously or because the means he utilized to escape being and wasted page in world history. It nist movement. We felt that our ideals Russian exile had gotten into the habit brought to trial. Is he waiting to speak happened when he led about twenty had been compromised. We thought of sleeping in a different place every posthumously?'' followers guns blazing into the for­ that ideological unity had to be re­ night in order to thwart a possible The article below appeared in the tress-villa in Coyoacan in an attempt stored around the Kremlin ruling attack. The balance sheet of the action was about ten people wounded and one killed, the American Sheldon Harte, whose body was found a little later buried in the garden of a villa rented by Siqueiros. "The Mexican police," Siqueiros con­ tinued, while he kept on drawing fig­ ures with his brush, "arrested me on June 17, along with many of my com­ panions who had taken part in the action. Fortunately a strong solidarity movement on our behalf developed in South American political and cul­ tural circles, and as a result of this I was only sentenced to a few months in jail." Siqueiros told the judge that the as­ sault was not intended to hurt any­ body but only as a "gesture designed to put psychological pressure on Trot­ sky and get him to give up his po­ litical activities." The defendants were acquitted on almost all charges ex­ cept unauthorized use of military uni­ forms and interfering with officers in the performance of their duty, that is, disarming and immobilizing the po­ lice guarding Coyoacan. The judge did not take into consideration the Standing with Trotsky in this 1938 photo are: (left to right) Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo (Rivera), Natalya Sedova (Trotsky), Reba death of Harte, ruling it "unintention­ Hansen, and Andre Breton. al and accidental." Nonetheless Siqueiros was held in jail to stand trial for stealing two cars class. Stalin was worried that in his Oct. 9 issue of the Dominican weekly to kill Leon Trotsky, who had taken that were parked in the patio of Trot­ exile in Mexico Trotsky might be the magazine Ahora! under the title "Si­ refuge there after being exiled from sky's home. He was released in order center of another chauvinist movement queiros Narra Atentado Contra Trot­ Russia. to go to Chile when the poet Pablo atmmg to substitute itself for Soviet sky (Siqueiros Recounts Assault on I had approached the guard at the Neruda got him the job of decorating power. So he ordered a high official Trotsky)." In this interview by Nor­ house at No. 7 Calle Venus in the a palace in Santiago. berto Valentini, Siqueiros reveals part of the NKVD, Leonid Eitingon, to residential area of Los Jardines with "Three months later, on August 20," of that inside story, but, as Hansen organize Trotsky's physical liquida­ the sort of feeling people have when Siqueiros concluded, "Ramon Merca­ points out in the adjoining article, they think they are embarking on an tion and granted him unlimited der had no trouble getting into the only part. The translation is by Inter­ means. enterprise foredoomed to failure. Si­ semifortress of Coyoacari, claiming continental Press. queiros does not like being interviewed "But the leader of the Mexican Com­ that he wanted Trotsky to read an or photographed. His wife, Angelica, munist .Party, Laborde, proved reluc­ article of his. He was introduced by "Here you are in the world's most a sweet, gentle woman of about fifty, tant to support this act of violence an American Trotskyist, Sylvia Age­ colorful country, a wild, vivid, mys­ came to open the door. Thanks to and in practice refused to help carry loff, whom he had befriended in the terious, and evocative place. See the her and the kindness which she im­ it out. Finally, Laborde and his peo­ United States. He had an ice ax under air, how subtle, transparent, and pure mediately demonstrated, the distrust ple were expelled and the party was his raincoat. When Trotsky sat down it is. And have you come here to and hostility that the artist usually left under our control." at his desk to read the article Mer­ talk to me about assaults, murders, shows to outsiders were quickly over­ Siqueiros stood in front of a sheet cader struck him violently in the head. intrigues, things of the past that aren't come. of paper and drew a wide oval with I did not know Mercader and I had worth talking about anymore?" Siqueiros received me in the draw­ an "s" in the middle, his initial. In no desire to meet him when he was David Alfaro Siqueiros was looking ing room of his villa but almost im­ fact he was one of the intransigent in prison. I don't want to express -at me through half-closed eyes, almost mediately, he wanted to move to the leaders of the Mexican Communist any judgment about him or his .ac­ sleepily; he was wearing a broad­ big shed that he calls his workshop, party who decided to kill Trotsky. tion. Everybody has his own princi­ brimmed sombrero and heavy shin­ where he paints and teaches his pupils. "On May 24, 1940," Siqueiros con­ ples, and history alone will deliver a ing leather boots. "Believe me," he con­ "This is the only place I feel comfort­ tinued, "we said that it was time to just and irrevocable verdict." tinued, "the thing to do is to let your­ break from our inertia. I got hold of able," he said. I recalled a scene in In his film The Assassination of self go in this countryside. It is best the recent film The Assassination of an army major's uniform and dis­ Leon Trotsky, Joseph Losey tried to to wander through the fields and dis­ Leon Trotsky, which I saw twice. guised myself as an officer. Twenty scrupulously reconstruct the last days cover the mysteries of Mexico in the The role of Siqueiros was played by of my companions disguised them­ of "Stalin's No. 1 enemy," centering churches, in the markets, in the moun­ the actor Luigi Vannucchi. The paint­ selves as soldiers. We took the police his investigation on the personality tains, where you will find complete er himself is more massive, more im­ gujarding the Coyoacan fortress by of the victim, played by Richard Bur­ and moving solitude, in the splendid posing. Vannucchi did not completely surprise and immobilized them. We ton, as well as of the assassin, played blue mountains where you still hear capture his romantic but tough char­ -captured the American Sheldon Harte, by Alain Delon. But the critics have the legends about Quetzalcoatl, the acter, his overbearing but still intro­ who was Trotsky's personal guard, unanimously recognized that the best / plumed serpent born of a virgin moth­ verted personality. and broke into the patio of the house. part of the movie is the bloodthirsty er through divine intervention. This In order to get Siqueiros to talk I confess that at that moment I was and powerful portrait drawn of Si­ is what you should be looking for about the events of May 24, 1940, paralyzed by emotion. queiros. "A strange combination of instead of wasting your time coming I had to lead him to it by degrees "I had taken part in various clandes- a fanatic and a political bandit thun-

16 Artist's confession N.v. gays only part 01 truth protest dering in the midst of his enormous From Intercontinental Press ished after the assault? It was said arsenal of weapons." By JOSEPH HANSEN at the time that they were the ones cops' I mentioned this. He responded only The interview granted by David Al­ who actually killed Harte and that with a grimace. "Things of the past, faro Siqueiros to Norberta Valentini they had fled to the United States. things of the past," he repeated. And is of considerable interest, since it is Who gave them refuge in the United he added, "People get the craziest the first time that the Mexican painter States? Members of the Communist actions By JOHN LAURITSEN ideas." Then, clearly sorry that he has indicated the true · story of the party? NEW YORK, Nov. 11-Despite ali­ had said anything, that he had evoked machine-gun assault that he led on Other questions are raised by what those bygone times, he no longer hid Siqueiros admits. He says that he was day rain, more than 100 gay men May 24, 1940, in an attempt to kill and women turned out at noon to his impatience to be rid of me. Leon Trotsky and his companion "fortunately" saved by "a strong soli­ While he was showing me to the darity movement on our behalf' which demonstrate against police abuse here Natalia Sedova. today. The demonstration was held gate of the villa (which like the villa When Siqueiros and other members "developed in South American politi­ of any self-respecting rich person is cal and cultural circles ... " There across the street from police head­ of the Mexican Communist party were quarters in downtown Manhattan. surrounded by broad grounds with was no such public movement at the arrested for their crime, the well-known Recent actions by New York police, an elegant swimming pool full of time. None whatsoever. Is he, then, judges, and district attorneys bright blue water), Siqueiros showed referring to the efforts organized by prompted the demonstration. me the immense panels he and his the GPU to save his hide as one of Joseph Hansen is the editor of Village Voice reporter Arthur Bell, students are working on. Half cheer­ their loyal operators? Was it through Intercontinental Press and a lead­ speaking at the demonstration, ful, half sullen, the old revolutionary GPU influence that he was sprung described how he and a friend were today is an untiring worker who car­ er of the Socialist Workers Party. from jail and whisked to Chile with cursed and pushed around by two ries himself like one of the great Ital­ the collaboration of the Chilean poet policemen in Greenwich Village merely ian masters of the Renaissance. He Pablo Neruda, then as now a promi­ artist claimed that the assault was because they were holding· hands as makes suggestions, retouches the work nent member of the Chilean Commu­ not intended to kill Trotsky. In his they walked down the street. When of his students, raises objections, cer­ nist party? interview with Valentini, he now ad­ Bell attempted to write down the tain that his works are worth hun­ A rather astonishing item is the de­ mits that his intent was to commit policemen's badge and squad car dreds of thousands of pesos. nial by Siqueiros that he knew Ramon murder. After breaking into the patio, numbers, his writing materials were he says, he was "paralyzed by emo­ seized, and both he and his friend were tion" because he had never before issued summonses for jaywalking. found himself faced with the "necessity" New York City Councilman Eldon to kill anyone "in cold blood." Clingan, referring to the Michael Maye Another important admission con­ case from last spring, told the demon­ cerns Robert Sheldon Harte. Some strators, "If people get away with beat­ sources have speculated that Harte ing other people because they don't was not in reality a Trotskyist but a agree with their way of thinking, then Stalinist who had succeeded in pene­ equal justice is breaking down." trating the household. In his film The During the Inner Circle dinner at Assassination of Trotsky, for instance, the New York Hilton Hotel in April, Losey presents Harte as being in col­ Michael Maye, an ex-prizefighter, ac­ lusion with Siqueiros. To believe Los­ cording to the testimony of half a ey, that was why Harte opened the dozen New York City officials, sadis­ door, permitting the gang of Stalinists tically attacked and stomped a prone, dressed in stolen police uniforms to semiconscious gay activist. No enter. Siqueiros says, in contradiction charges were brought against Maye to this version: "We captured the Amer­ until public pressure and articles in ican Sheldon Harte, who was Trot­ the New York Post forced District At­ Ramon Mercader in Spanish Republican torney Frank Hogan to act. Maye was sky's personal guard ... " Army uniform. During Spanish civil war Siqueiros also confirms Trotsky's charged merely with "harassmenf' he worked with NKVD, Stalin's secret po­ and was acquitted even of this trivial charge that Stalin had set up a special lice. section of the GPU to carry out the charge after a week-long trial. assignment of assassinating him. Sta­ Other speakers at the demonstration lin, says Siqueiros, "ordered a high of­ Mercader, the GPU agent who suc­ included Thomas Sisco, the executive ficial of the NKVD, Leonid Eitingon, ceeded in assassinating Trotsky in Au­ director of New York State Ameri­ to organize Trotsky's physical liqui­ gust 1940. Yet he mentions him by cans for Democratic Action, and Morty dation and granted him unlimited his real name and not by the name Manford and Bruce Voeller of New means." that appeared on his false passport, York Gay Activists Alliance. Trotsky also charged that Stalin "Frank Jacson." Not once- from the The demonstration was covered by had intervened in the internal affairs time he was turned over to the police several television stations, the New of the Mexican Communist party and by Trotsky's guards until May 6, York Times, and United Press Inter­ ousted the Hernan Laborde leadership 1960, when he was flown out of Mex­ national. Supporting groups were Gay Activists Alliance of New York, in order to place the party apparatus ico by officials of the government of New York Mattachine, Gay Alliance completely at the disposal of the sec­ Czechoslovakia- did the assassin of Brooklyn, Americans for Demo­ tor of the GPU assigned to organize ever admit to his real identity. Is Si­ cratic Action, Bronx United Gays, the assassination. queiros, then, lying when he says he Flatbush Gay Friends, and Gay -Siqueiros's confession, however, is did not know Mercader? People at Brooklyn College. far from complete. He fails to describe In recalling the details of the May how he himself became a GPU agent, 2-:l, 1940, assault, Valentini makes how he became enmeshed in the spe­ one error worth noting. He says that cial section assigned to kill Trotsky, the casualties in the affair amounted and why he found himself faced with to ten wounded and one killed. Ac­ the "necessity" of killing the cofounder tually only one person was wounded of the Soviet Union and organizer of - Trotsky's grandson Seva. No one the _Red Army. Who were the go­ was killed at the time, Trotsky and betweens with whom he worked? Who Natalia having escaped the assassins' gave him the orders? attempt by rolling under a bed as the Siqueiros even fails to tell who gave machine-gun bullets crisscrossed over the order to murder Harte in cold them. Harte was murdered several blood. And he fails to tell who carried days later in a mountain hideout after out this assignment. being taken there by the gang. Siqueiros mentions that he was held The reason for killing Harte was, by the police for but a short time of course, to do away with a witness after the attempt to kill Trotsky and able to identify the assailants. This the murder of Harte. He says nothing was crucial for the success of the next about the other members of the Mexi­ attempt. It was necessary from the can Communist party who participat­ viewpoint of the plotters not only to ed under his command and who were save Siqueiros as long as possible likewise arrested. What happened to but in all probability to keep the iden­ Militant/John Lauritsen them? How did they manage to es­ tity of Mercader hidden. Mercader New York, Nov. ll cape justice? In particular what hap­ may well have been the one in real pened to the Arena! brothers, both command of the May 24 assault. Does David Alfaro Siqueiros close associates of Siqueiros, who van- Siqueiros still fear him?

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 17 Scoreboard ~,436 in one week! AREA QUOTA SUBS % PiHsburgh, Pa. 25 31 124.0 Lexington, Ky. 30 37 123.3 Biggest week yet for subs Bethlehem, Pa. 10 12 120.0 By NANCY COLE tant as the socialist alternative to Time and News­ Edinboro, Pa. 60 72 120.0 Storrs, Conn. 25 29 116.0 NOV. 15 -With exactly one week to go in the week. New Haven, Conn. 25 27 108.0 fall subscription drive, we have 4,896 subscrip­ All those areas and teams that have finished their Cedar Falls, Iowa 30 32 106.7 tions yet to come in to make our 33,000 goal. quotas are continuing to sell subscriptions in an Oxford, Ohio 40 42 105.0 Yesterday the business office received a record effort to put the national drive over the top. Nashville, Tenn. 20 19 95.0 number of subscriptions for one day- 1,963. The The Twin Cities YSA and SWP, after raising Brooklyn, N.Y. 1,450 1,354 93.4 total number received for the week was 4,436. their quota by 100 a few weeks ago, sent out a Lower ManhaHan, N.Y. 1,450 1,340 92.4 Besides those areas and teams listed on the score­ special team to four schools in Iowa. This team San Francisco, Calif. 2,150 1,980 92.1 board with 100 percent or more, the following was out for three days and four nights and sold San Diego, Calif. 400 358 89.5 areas or teams report having just completed their 134 Militant subscriptions. Upper West Side, N.Y. 1,350 1,202 89.1 quotas: Cleveland, Philadelphia, Seattle, Boston At Wartburg College in Waverly, Iowa, they Madison, Wis. 200 178 89.0 team, Los Angeles team, and New York team #1. sold 60 subscriptions in one day. Sub drive director Detroit, Mich. 1,650 1 ,467 88.9 Seattle's goal was successfully completed this Diane Groth writes, "During the day at Wartburg Los Angeles, Calif. 2,000 1,777 88.9 early largely as a result of a special two-day the team enlisted the help of two students who Boulder, Colo. 175 154 88.0 team to Washington State College in Pullman, volunteered to help sub at night. One of the stu­ Cleveland, Ohio 1,700 1,485 87.4 Wash., which sold 126 subscriptions. And last dents got 11 subs going through the dorms." Seattle, Wash. 1,270 1,079 85.0 week was the best sub-selling week yet for New As of yesterday the special national team reports Tallahassee, Fla. 150 125 83.3 York team # 1, with 309 subscriptions sold at having exactly 800 subscriptions-the result of two Portland, Ore. 880 729 82.8 Ithaca, N.Y. weeks on the road. More than 500 of those Twin Cities, Minn. 1,900 1 ,566 82.4 Philadelphia is an area that has been behind subscriptions were sold last week at mne schools in Augusta, Me. 25 20 80.0 in the last weeks, but the Young Socialist Alliance Pennsylvania. During one day at Bloomsburg State Wichita Falls, Texas 15 12 80.0 College they sold 126, and at Harrisburg Com­ Oakland/Berkeley, Calif. 2,200 1,735 78.9 and Socialist Workers Party there mobilized this munity College the student paper bought a sub­ Boston, Mass. 2,500 1,970 78.8 week to change that situation. The result was 260 Philadelphia, Po. 1,050 797 75.9 subscriptions sold at nine schools in their region. scription to keep up on news of the Young So­ Denver, Colo. 1,315 996 75.7 They found students extremely receptive to The cialist national convention, which they plan to Washington, D. C. 900 665 73.9 Militant at all the schools they visited, including cover. Atlanta, Ga. 1,500 1,094 73.0 the Delaware Valley Agricultural College, where The team reports that in 60 to 70 percent of the Hartford, Conn. 125 91 72.8 four people sold 38 subscriptions in one evening. rooms that they find someone home in, they sell Chicago, Ill. 2,600 1,780 68.5 At the University of Delaware, Ginne Welty-her subscriptions. Steve Bloom even took the oppor­ Corvallis, Ore. 33 20 60.6 second time on a subscription team-sold 22 sub­ tunity to sell a subscription while students were Youngstown, Ohio 20 12 60.0 scriptions during one day by presenting The Mili- returning to a dorm after a fire drill. Austin, Texas 550 324 58.9 The special national team has now raised its Athens, Ohio 30 16 53.3 quota by 150. In addition, two other teams made Bowling Green, Ky. 10 5 50.0 their quotas of last week-but then raised them Mt. Pleasant, Mich. 200 98 49.0 this week. They are the Cleveland team, which Houston, Texas 1,050 505 48.1 went from 1,000 to 1,200, and the Seattle/Portland ColleQe Park, Md. 175 84 48.0 team, from 850 to 1,000. San Antonio, Texas 50 23 46.0 Providence, R.I. 215 54 43.2 , Bloomington, Ind. 350 146 41.7 Burlington, Vt. 25 10 40.0 Columbus, Ohio 30 12 40.0 Top sub sellers Geneseo, N.Y. 15 6 40.0 According to reports received so far, Joel Huntington, W.Va. 40 16 40.0 Hodroff from the national Midwest team is Knoxville, Tenn. 30 12 40.0 the top sub seller with 370 subscriptions. Oth­ Saranac lake, N.Y. 25 10 40.0 er YSJP team members who have sold more Durham, N.H. 50 19 38.0 than 200 subscriptions are: Lee Artz, nation­ Cincinnati, Ohio 100 37 37.0 al Midwest; Julie Bingham, Cleveland; Steve St. louis, Mo. 120 38 31.7 Bloom, special national; Marie Head, Denver; Celina, Ohio 10 3 30.0 Champaign, Ill. 60 17 28.3 Gary Johnson, Seattle/Portland; Dan Kus­ Binghamton, N.Y. 200 55 27.5 chke, Twin Cities; Mike Lux, special national; Carbondale, Ill. 35 9 25.7 John Olmstead, Boston; Richard Orawiec, New Brunswick, N.J. 20 5 25.0 New York #1; Sheila Ostrow, Detroit; Bernie Sarasota, Fla. 25 6 24.0 Senter, Cleveland; Debbie Shayne, national Allentown, Po. 50 10 20.0 \. Midwest; and Mary Zins, Cleveland. Phoenix, Ariz. 50 8 16.0 long Island, N.Y. 100 12 12.0 Alfred, N.Y. 10 1 10.0 Am hers!, Mass. 150 15 10.0 Buffalo, N.Y. 20 2 10.0 Sacramento, Calif. 10 1 10.0 Militant Gets Around Worcester, Mass. 175 17 9.7 Kansas City, Mo. 150 14 9.3 University, Ala. 100 7 7.0 Nancy Cole Santa Barbara, Calif. 75 4 5.3 Bellingham, Wash. 50 1 2.0 The end of '72 electioneering has removed some which have large numbers of ex-Gis as well as Gary, Ind. 100 2 2.0 very lucrative sales locations for Militant support­ ex-prisoners, the team sold 210 Militants. Many Red Bank, N.J. 50 1 2.0 ers-McGovern rallies and meetings. But before of these were to off-duty Gis. Team captain Nor­ Aliquippa, Po. 20 0 0 we leave those gatherings to history, one more ton Sandler writes, "After selling those Militants, lawton, Okla. 1 0 0 0 merits reporting. we could see why the military brass is so intent Louisville, Ky. 20 0 0 The Austin Young Socialist Alliance and So­ on denying SWP candidates their constitutional Springfield, Mass. 25 0 0 cialist Workers Party raised their Militant bundle right to campaign on military bases." Wichita, Kans. 25 0 0 from 200 to 350 for the week preceding the elec­ • Bard College in upstate New York sends out General 500 155 31.0 tions. At a McGovern rally in Waco, Texas, four press releases to newspapers that first-year students Midwest National Team 1,000 918 91.8 sellers sold 80 Militants in one hour. list as their hometown papers. One student this Southern National Team 700 438 62.6 Sales director Melissa Singler writes, "The crowd fall listed The Militant, and a sympathetic worker Special National Team 1,150 701 61.0 was composed of quite a few older people, youth, in the college office sent us a release with a note TOTAL TO DATE 28,104 84.9 Blacks and Gis. About 50 copies of the Young SHOULD BE 30,036 91.1 Socialist newspaper were also sold, along with GOAL 33,000 100.0 If you haven't yet, be sure to take advantage 40 Nixon and McGovern truth kits.... A good (The following is a breakdown of the progress of the of the special introductory Militant subscrip­ deal of the other Militants were sold while cam­ local teams. Figures are incorporated in above totals.) tion offer of 20 weeks for The oHer ex­ paigning at grocery stores in the Black and Chi­ $7. TEAM BREAKDOWN QUOTA SUBS % pires Nov. 30. After that the introductory Detroit 750 751 100.1 cano areas of Austin, in the University of Texas New York ill 1,000 995 99.5 married students' housing projects, and on the offer will be $7 for three months San Francisco 800 781 97.7 university drag, across from UT." Los Angeles 750 698 93.1 e You can usually estimate that for every Mil­ at the bottom saying in part, "Bard is not a hot­ Boston 700 633 90.4 itant sent out to a subscriber, two or three other bed of SWP activity, but we have had a few very Cleveland 1,200 1,053 87.8 people also read it. For prisoner subscriptions, fine YSA people here. Activity may increase after Seattle/Portland 1,000 874 87.4 you can probably double or triple that. Linda Jenness's visit in early November." New York #2 700 605 86.4 At a school in northern California, the San Fran­ e When Joe Callahan from the Seattle/Portland Denver 625 531 85.0 cisco team was amazed at the titles of Pathfinder YSJP team sent in 80 subscriptions recently, he Chicago 800 596 7 4.6 books that students were asking for- such as The included the following note: "We noted in the Oct. Oakland/Berkeley 700 517 73.9 Permanent Revolution and The Struggle Against 28 issue of the People's World, the West Coast Philadelphia/Washington 700 514 73.4 Fascism in Germany (both by Leon Trotsky). paper reflecting the views of the Communist Party, Twin Cities 800 516 64.5 Finally they learned that these students were ex­ that the entire West Coast CP has sold a grand Atlanta 850 547 64.4 prisoners attending the school on a "rehabilita­ total of 222 subs to the PW after 12 weeks. So Texas 700 285 40.7 tion program." Many had become familiar with far, after six weeks on tour, Gary Johnson from TOTAL TO DATE 9,896 81.9 The Militant and Pathfinder Press while in prison. our team has sold 235 subs to The Militant by SHOULD BE 11,480 91.3 At that campus and two others in the area, himself." GOAL 12,075 100.0

18 Blasts repression YSA convention Argentine tours US. countdown The Young Socialist Alliance has e The YSA national office has an­ By DOROTHY HAWKINSON cano protesters, Zadunaisky traveled printed some 225,000 posters adver­ nounced that the convention will have SEATTLE, Nov. 13-Having won to Tacoma to speak at the Shelter tising its Nov. 23-26 convention, and a workshop on revolutionary strat­ entrance into the U. S. despite harass­ Half, a GI coffee house. they're getting around. When a group egy in the trade unions and a panel ment from immigration officials in Mi­ of YSA members set up a table at on community struggles with activists ami, Daniel Zadunaisky has held sev­ Before arriving in Seattle, Zadunai­ Bowie College, a Black school in from the Black, Puerto Rican, and eral successful meetings in his national sky addressed a meeting of more than Maryland, they found that students Chicano movements. tour for the U. S. Committee for Jus­ 70 students at Portland State Univer­ on the campus were organizing three e The YSA now has 53 locals, and tice to Latin American Political Pris­ sity. His tour received major cover­ cars to go to the Cleveland conven­ at-large members in 161 other areas. oners ( USLA). Zadunaisky, an Ar­ age in both Portland dailies as well tion. A number of the at-large areas are gentine medical student, is speaking as in the campus press. e YSA national executive commit­ on the verge of being constituted as in this country on the repressive con­ In Denver, where Zadunaisky be­ tee member John Hawkins has com­ YSA locals. Since last week's column ditions political prisoners in Argen­ gan his tour in this country, he spoke pleted his convention-building tour in YSA locals have been chartered in tina face. to an assembly at the Escuela Tla­ the Ohio area aqd is moving on to Cedar Falls, Iowa; New Paltz, N.Y.; On Nov. 10 about 80 people came telolco, the Chicano school operated Chicago and Detroit. Hawkins spoke Huntington, W.Va.; and Santa Bar­ to a talk by Zadunaisky here at the by the Crusade for Justice. Raul Gon­ to meetings at Cuyahoga Community bara, Calif. University of Washington, organized zales, USLA tour coordinator in Den­ College, Ohio University, and Bowl­ e Students at San Diego State Col­ by the Linguistics Department, the Or­ ver, reported that "At the'.conclusion ing Green State while he was in Ohio. lege ( SDSC) recently elected Young ganization of Arab Students, the Latin of the meeting three students from the He was interviewed by three campus Socialists Carol Chaffin and Marta American Studies Committee, the Ira­ 11th and 12th grades were chosen newspapers and appeared on radio Richmond to the Associated Students nian Students Association, and the to draft a statement of political sup­ Young Socialist Alliance. Many of port to be sent to the Argentine po­ those in attendance were foreign stu­ litical prisoners. The statement was dents. later read to a barrio meeting, at­ tended by 100 people that night." Two hundred Chicanos who have The statement reads in part: "We occupied the abandoned Beacon Hill the students of Escuela Tlatelolco School (now called La Raza Central) share the same struggle with our heard the Argentine speaker on Nov. brothers and sisters in Argentina and 12. He expressed his solidarity with the bronze continent. ... We are op­ their efforts to establish a center serv­ pressed too, and because we live in ing the needs of the Chicano com­ the belly of the shark, our actions munity. that we take here will benefit your Following his meeting with the Chi- struggle.... " Puerto Rican Socialist Party sets campaigns By RACHEL TOWNE domination of U. S. imperialism was programs for three hours. Council there with the second and NEW YORK, Nov. 11- The Puerto the same struggle that the Vietnamese • Many inquiries on the convention third highest votes out of 11 candi­ are coming in to the YSA national Rican Socialist Party (PSP) an­ were waging. dates. The Young Socialist campaign office. One former McGovern support­ nounced plans today for two national He cited the discrimination in the opposed the victimization of students er, a student body president at a New campaigns. One will oppose the draft­ U.S. armed forces as another reason and professors for their political views York college, called to ask about join­ ing of Puerto Rican youth into the for Puerto Ricans to oppose the draft. -something the SDSC administration ing the YSA. He said that the stu­ U. S. Army; the other will press for He pointed to the role of the U.S. is known for- and supported the de­ dent government at his school was the release of all Puerto Rican politi­ government as one of the biggest dope mands of women, Chicanos, and working to get people to the conven­ cal prisoners. pushers in Asia and the tragedy of Blacks on such issues as open ad­ tion. missions to the college, and an abor­ Che Velasquez told a news confer­ thousands of young Puerto Ricans re­ Another McGovern supporter, a ence the reasons for the projected an­ turning from Vietnam as addicts. tion clinic and contraceptive services high school student, said, "I've been on campus. The candidates also called tidraft campaign. He cited the num­ In the campaign to free all Puerto to a lot of your meetings this year, for support to the Nov. 18 antiwar bers of Puerto Ricans (not counting Rican political prisoners, particular and I agreed with many of the things actions and the socialist campaign of those living in the U.S.) who served emphasis will be given to the freeing you said, but this election convinced Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley. in World War I (200,000), and World of five who have been in jail for about me that you are 100 percent right." -DAVE FRANKEL War II (400,000). Figures for the 20 years. These are Lolita Lebron, Vietnam war are not available. Raphael Cancel Miranda, Irving Velasquez said, "U.S. citizenship has Flores, Andres Figueora Cordero, been forced on us, but we cannot vote and Oscar Collazo. for the president; thousands of our Ramon Arbona, the PSP's first sec­ people must serve in an army that retary for the U. S., spoke on the re­ YSA convention schedule does not serve our interests." cent elections in Puerto Rico. Luis THURSDAY, NOV. 23: International Called Me Nigger"/"Black Unity: Velasquez went on to stress that the Ferre, the incumbent governor, was ReportjPanel: Imperialism's Anti- Breaking the Chains of Oppression"/ PSP was opposed to the war in South­ defeated in an upset by Raphael Her­ Arab Witch-hunt/Political Report and Various films on struggles in Latin east Asia and felt that the struggle nandez Colon of the Popular Demo­ Discussion/Panel: Defending Political America. of Puerto Ricans in the U. S. and in cratic Party. Ferre's party, the New Prisoners Around the World/Party. Puerto Rico to free themselves of the Progressive Party, is closely aligned REGISTRATION AND HOUSING: to the Republican Party, and the Pop­ FRIDAY, NOV. 24: Antiwar Report Registration begins Wednesday eve­ ular Democrats, with the Democratic and Activists' Meeting/Florida Defense ning, Nov. 22, in the Mezzanine of Party. Ferre favors Puerto Rico be­ Campaign Presentation/Women's Lib- the Sheraton-Cleveland Hotel, Cleve­ coming the fifty-first state, while Co­ eration Report and Workshop/ Social- land, Ohio; $5 or $1.50/ day, $3 or lon supports the present "free as§O­ ist Rally featuring Linda Jenness and $1/ day for high school students. ciated state" or "commonwealth" status. Andrew Pulley/Party. Housing at the Sheraton-Cleveland Hotel (reasonable rates). Inexpensive The Puerto Rican Independence Par­ SATURDAY, NOV. 25: Black Strug- mass housing also available (bring ty (PIP), whose candidates were sup­ gle Report and Workshop/Chicano sleeping bag). ported by the PSP, received 50,000 Struggle Report and Workshop/Panel: ------­ votes, less than had been expected by Revolutionary Strategy in the Trade ( ) Send me more information. proindependence forces. Referring to Unions/Panel: Defending the African ( ) I want to join the YSA. these results, Arbona said, "Neverthe­ Revolution/Panel: Community Strug- ( ) I'm coming to the YSA national less, this represents a victory for the glesjParty. convention. independence movement. The PIP is ( ) Enclosed is $1 for six months of stronger than ever before and the in­ SUNDAY, NOV. 26: Organization Re­ the Young Socialist. dependence movement has grown." port/Final Reports on Credentials, Name ______PSP leaders announced that a con­ Press, Constitution, Expansion of the vention would be held in April 1973, Socialist Movement. Address ______the first since the party's founding a year ago. The party grew out of the WORKSHOPS: International Revolu- Pro-Independence Movement (MPI) tionary Movement; High School Orga- City ______that_ was formed in 1959 in response nizing/ Gay Liberation/ Student Gov- Ramon Arbona Claridad to the victorious revolution in Cuba. ernments. State------Young Socialist Alliance, Box 4 71 FILMS: "To Make a Revolution"/"A Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. Luta Continua!"/"No Vietnamese Ever 10003. Telephone: (212) 989~7570. ~

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 19 In Review Books

War Without End'

War Without End: American Plan­ Vietnam, quickly failed, forcing the mobility, which would enable the pines. According to the business­ n.ing for the Next Vietnams by U.S. to launch a full-scale ground government to retain most of its troops minded Forbes magazine, this area Michael T. Klare. Foreword by war with its high casaulty rates. Be­ in the continental U. S., quickly trans­ has· "the fastest economic growth rates Gabriel Kolko. Alfred A. Knopf, cause of the failures to "win over the porting them and their equipment by in the world and the most rapid hearts and minds" of the Vietnamese air or sea to almost any potential increase in international trade." Inc. New York, 1972. 464 pp. $J 0 and because of the rise in antiwar "trouble spot" in the world when Klare writes, "A socialist revolution cloth, $2.95 paper. activity at home, the Nixon Doctrine needed. in any of these countries [India, Indo­ has been to withdraw ground combat A key part of the strategy of trying nesia, and Pakistan] would un­ Using official government and mili­ troops while increasing the use of air­ to avoid the deployment of large alterably change the balance of power tary sources, Michael Klare documents power and artillery. forces of U. S. combat troops in "other in the region and threaten the· West's in this invaluable study the changes Similarly, the studies and activities Vietnams," is the systematic training, continued domination of Asia." Sobol­ made in American military strategy in in other countries shifted, emphasizing funding, and equipping of mercenary stering the native military forces the past decade in response to the the use .of intimidation and maneuver armies. As Klare points out, "Popular in that area and finding new U.S. challenge of revolutionary struggles to forestall any revolutionary develop­ disaffection with the Vietnam war in bases in the Indian Ocean takes on - around the world and, more im­ ments, and pften using oppressed particular and with defense spend­ importance for U. S. imperialism in portant, the plans and preparations minorities, such as the Meo tribes­ ing in general has created a serious the next few years. of U.S. imperialism to intervene in the people in Laos, as mercenary armies. problem for Pentagon officials: on the Finally, what are the prospects for colonial struggles of the 1970s and The U. S. helped move the pro-U.S. one hand, they recognize the need for success of the U.S.'s new, revised 1980s. officer castes in many underdeveloped a continued United States military counterrevolutionary strategy of using During the cold-war period, the countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle presence in Aisa to protect American technology and mercenaries? "How specter of nuclear war with the Soviet East, and Latin America into the investments, while on the other hand well will the mercenaries perform when Union drove the Pentagon into dominant positions in tho~e countries. public resentment toward U. S. policy they no longer can rely upon a frenzy of stockpiling nuclear arma­ Recognizing that another full-scale, can force the government to reduce American ground troops to bail them ments. But gradually, in Cuba, in drawn-out intervention of the Vietnam or withdraw its Asian garrisons. To out of threatening situations?" asks Vietnam, in the Middle East, and in kind would be near to impossible resolve this dilemma, the Pentagon Klare. Latin America, the Pentagon analysts given the antiwar sentiment among has evolved a multitiered formula for "And how long will the American began to see the shadows of an even the American people, the Pentagon and the use of mercenaries in counter­ public tolerate an endless war, even more dangerous threat to U.S. the CIA began to search for some guerrilla operations." The "multitiered if the casualty rate is much lower? imperialism- the rise of the colonial technological solution to the world formula" involves the use of: irregular Most important, what will happen revolution. revolution, should maneuver and mercenaries, regular mercenaries when the mercenaries finally realize After the abortive Bay of Pigs In­ intimidation fail. (armies of the client governments), that they are being used as cannon vasion of Cuba in 1961, President elite mercenaries (Anglo-Saxon armies fodder by an absentee imperial Kennedy realized that the American Technological warfare from Australia or New Zealand, for power?" The disastrous outcome (for instance), and heavy reliance on U.S. military machine was not properly Moving into the era of technological the South Vietnamese army of equipped to crush revolutions in under­ warfare, the military began to hand air support. This approach is already the 1971 invasion of Laos suggests an clearly emerging in Southeast Asia. answer to Klare's first question. The developed countries. So he had De­ out contracts to universities and cor­ future will have to provide answers fense Secretary Robert McNamara porations to study a wide variety spearhead the drive to modernize and of topics, from the use of battlefield Puppet regimes for the rest. -ERNEST HARSCH streamline the Pentagon into an effec­ equipment in various climates to the In an effort to strengthen its puppet tive counterrevolutionary tool. The actual development of weapons and regimes, the U. S. has also been train­ new face of the Pentagon was soon put devices that would be used and tested ing the police forces of underdeveloped to the test in Vietnam. in Vietnam. Klare reports that the countries in modern teChniques of riot­ Combat Developments Command, for control and the tracking and surveil­ The generals and military strate­ instance, "is now planning American lance of political figures. Since 1954, gists, who had up until then thought strategy for the limited wars of the the "Public Safety" Program has in terms of megatons and pverkill, 1970's, 1980's, and 1990's.... CDC trained more than a million foreign now had to learn quickly how to fight personnel are -currently studying new police, including more than 100,000 a new, more elusive kind of war. battlefield vehicles... , advanced bat­ in Brazil alone, and a significant num­ America's "Fourth Armed Service," the tlefield-surveillance systems, and com­ ver of the West Pakistani forces that university scientists, the specialists, the puterized tactical-data systems." carried out the repression in Bangla­ staffs of the military think-tanks, came These studies have led to the desh in 1971. into play. They studied the develop­ development of numerous electronic Klare also devotes an entire chapter ment of revolutionary movements in detection devices to track guerrillas to the training and equipping of Latin different countries and the best and call in air strikes on them. These American armies. He notes that most methods of countering the embryonic devices track the insurgents by their of the military leaders who carried rebellions before they hatched into full­ sound, smell, the chemical traces they out the nine coups between 1962 and grown popular revolutions. Project leave in the air, their bodyheat, 1966 had received U.S. training. Camelot was the most well known of and the metal they carry. Infrared An area of the world that is re­ these studies. sensors, for example, were used in ceiving increasingly more attention Early attempts to counter the revo­ Bolivia to help hunt down Che from the Pentagon analysts is the en­ lutionary movements politically, such Guevara. tire South Asian-Indian Ocean sector, as the "pacification" program in South Another series of studies emphasized stretching from Indonesia to the Philip-

20 cially prominent in campaigning against the Longhouse, Akwesasne -Notes, and Rarihokwats. Lawrence Lazore is a retired lieutenant com­ mander in the U.S. Navy. Russell 'Akwesasne Notes' Lazore works for New York State promoting "economic development." In March, the trustees had Rarihok­ wats picked up by the Border Patrol for investigation. He was extensively questioned by immigration officers Indian paper threatened about the possible "Communist influ­ ence" in Akwesasne Notes, about his finances and connection with the pa­ per, etc. In June, Lawrence Lazore circulated By LEE SMITH test denial of Indians' rights to travel nels and perhaps the most effective" an anonymous letter alleging that Ra­ AKWESASNE- Several dozen square and trade freely across the border. for informing, educating, and inspir­ rihokwats intended to bring a large miles here where the borders of New (These rights are guaranteed in the ing Indians. number of Black people and Puerto York, Quebec, and Ontario come to­ Jay Treaty, signed in 1794.) The ac­ It is among the traditional Mohawks Ricans onto the reservation to live. gether are designated by the govern­ tion led to the arrest of 48 people. of the Longhouse that Akwesasne The same month Russell Lazore sent ment as the St. Regis Indian Reser­ The newspaper grew out of publicity Notes and White Roots of Peace have out a letter with his name on it read­ vation. To the people of the Mohawk efforts around the defense of these 48. their strength. ing: "Hi! I'm working on Economic nation who live here, the area has White Roots of Peace grew out of Development for our reservation and traditionally been known as Akwesas­ some visits made by people working Traditionals vs. progressives one of our stumbling blocks is this ne. on the paper to people who subscribed Some 6,000 Mohawks live on the white man, Gerry Gambill, editor of A longstanding division on the res­ to the paper. The visits "developed reservation. A minority of less than Akwesasne Notes. He is up to no ervation has flared up into a crisis. a kind of format," Rarihokwats says, 1,000 belong to the Longhouse. But good on this reservation. . . ." The division is between the traditional and the group eventually took a name an even smaller minority adhere to One night in June, fired up by the Longhouse government ~nd the coun­ "that comes from a tradition of the the elected trustees. The majority do rumors Lawrence Lazore was spread­ cil recognized by the government. The Iroquois people." not participate in the elective system. ing, two carloads of men from nearby current crisis threatens the work of (The Iroquois Confederacy, joining Those I talked to estimate that the bars attacked the Mohawk Nation the North American Indian commu­ the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, trustees have perhaps 200 loyal fol­ House in Hogansburg, N.Y., break­ nications group known as White Roots Cayugas, and Senecas, was organized lowers. ing eight windows with stones and of Peace and the newspaper they pub­ under the leadership of a historic fig­ While the majority do not belong beer bottles. The Nation House s'erves lish, Akwesasne Notes. ure called The Peacemaker. The Peace­ to the Longhouse, "they give us pas­ as an office and residence. Much of Having begun four years ago as maker described the league of these sive support," Edgar Jock says. Most the work on Akwesasne Notes is done a single sheet of offset clippings of five nations as a "Great Tree." He said, Mohawk men work at jobs off the there. which less than 1,000 were run off, "The Tree has four white roots, white reservation, many as iron workers. In August, White Roots of Peace Akwesasne Notes has grown to a 48- roots of peace, that go to the four They travel around the Northeast bought the 87 acres mentioned ear­ page tabloid with a circulation of winds. If any man or nation shall working on high steel construction. lier. Richard Cook, the Longhouse 37,000 (for the Early Autumn 1972 show a desire to trace these roots A majority of Mohawks are Roman chief in whose name the land was issue). to their source and obey the Law Catholic. But Jock insists they feel purchased, long ago had his name The attack on the paper is being of the Great Peace, they shall be made a strong sympathy for the Longhouse. removed from the official tribal rolls led by the trustees of the tribal coun­ welcome beneath this tree.") The Longhouse people keep alive as a matter of principle. Indians listed cil. It involves ·the attempt to have Today the name refers not only to _ the traditions, practice the Mohawk on the rolls are recognized as recip­ the editor deported and an effort to the traveling group, but to all of the religion, speak the Mohawk language, ients of government benefits whereas seize land White Roots of Peace re­ communications efforts at Akwesasne. and follow the Mohawk customs. As Cook believes the U.S. should be cently purchased. These moves are These include the newspaper, the film Akwesasne Notes has grown in the forced to deal with the Mohawk na­ the culmination of a campaign of ha­ rental service, the mail order service last few years, so has the Longhouse. tion as a sovereign government. rassment, intimidation, and slander for books, and the mail order ser­ It has gained new members, pur­ Evidently believing they could use that has been waged against Akwe­ vice for LP records and tapes. chased tractors for communal raising the absence of Cook's name from the sasne Notes at least since last spring. The editor, Rarihokwats or Jerry Gambill, appeared at a. hearing in Buffalo, N.Y., Oct. 31 at which he had to show cause why he should not be deported to Canada. He is now awaiting a written decision from Administrative Judge Aaron Maltin. An 87 -acre tract of land White Roots of Peace purchased in August in the name of Longhouse Chief Richard Cook was seized Sept. 15 by the tribal trustees. A hearing on this land will be held in Franklin County Court in Malone, N.Y., Nov. 10. Rarihokwats Born and raised as a white man, Rarihokwats has been taken into the Mohawk nation by the women of the Bear Clan in a ceremony recognized by the nine Longhouse chiefs. Anna · Jock, his Clan Mother, says Rarihok­ wats "has been formally and in all ways made a citizen of our nation. He has become a Mohawk in all the definitions our people have ever had of their own.... " But to the Canadian and U.S. gov­ ernments, Rarihokwats is Gerald T. Gambill, a U. S.-born Canadian cit­ izen. Before he became a Mohawk, Gambill worked in Indian affairs for the Canadian government. He lost his position because he took the side of traditional Mohawks against the of­ ficial Band Council. Rarihokwats lives on Cornwall Is­ This drawing, used on the masthead of Akwesasne Notes, is by Mohawk artist Kahonhes (John Fadden) of the Turtle Clan. land on the Canadian side of the res­ The wampum belt design in the background symbolizes the union of five nations in the Iroquois Confederacy. ervation. The work of putting out Ak­ wesasne Notes, however, is done on the U.S. side. The effect of a depor­ Akwesasne Notes is widely recog­ of food, and last winter it began the tribal rolls to deny him the land, the tation order would be to hinder Rari­ nized as a vital link in the commu­ Indian Way School. The accredited trustees moved by posting the land hokwats's ability to help in the pro­ nications network of the Native Amer­ school teaches children their own lan­ Sept. 15. Longhouse people tore down duction of Akwesasne Notes. ican movement. For example, Charles guage and culture along with other the "No Trespassing" signs. Trimble, an Oglala Sioux who is ex­ subjects, sparing them the racism of The next day Lawrence and Rus­ 1968 int'l bridge blockade· ecutive director of the American In­ white-controlled public schools. sell Lazore showed up at the site where Akwesasne Notes was born during dian Press Association, wrote in an The growing strength of the Long­ Longhouse people were working. the struggle around the international Oct. 12 letter to Lawrence Lazore, house has apparently alarmed the of­ They brought about 100 men with bridge blockade at Akwesasne in one of the trustees behind efforts to ficials of the tribal council. Two lead­ them, most of whom had been drink- 1968. That year 500 Indians blocked suppress the paper, that Akwesasne ers of the council, Lawrence Lazore . ing and all of whom carried clubs the bridge across the border to pro- Notes "is one of those principal chan- and Russell Lazore, have been espe- Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 2l sional representatives to. intervene in jump on the pickup truck of Willie Reynolds Aluminum to lease the land support of the demand that all pen­ Lazore, a Longhouse man, and slash for dumping and burning off liquid alties be revoked. They are also de­ at him with a chain until Willie La­ chlorine from Reynolds' nearby plant. I ... Navy manding that Captain Ward be tried zore shook him loose by making a The trustees would also have been Continued from page 3 for violating the military code of jus­ series of power turns. Then Russell given control over truckdriving jobs waiting to take them to a nearby Na­ tice and for dereliction of duty. Lazore had the state troopers arrest involved in carting the poison from val barracks and that whoever wanted Copies of such letters and of or­ Willie Lazore for "reckless endanger­ the plant to the reservation. The pur­ to discuss their grievances with him ganizational protests should be sent ment." chase of the land by traditional peo­ should simply board the buses. "We'll to: Black Servicemen's Caucus, 310 1 Four days later Rarihokwats was ple put a crimp in these plans. Whether go over there and try to work the Imperial Ave., San Diego, Calif. arrested by the Border Patrol. At a the Longhouse will be allowed to re­ grievances out," he told them. 92102. subsequent meeting between the Long­ tain its purchase or not will be de­ At the barracks, the men were told house chiefs and the tribal council cided in court in Malone, Nov. 10. their lawyers could not enter. Once held Sept. 25, Lawrence Lazore of­ In the meantime, those who want inside, they were told they were being fered to ease up on the harassment to show their support and at the same sent to three different Naval stations ... treaty if the chiefs would get rid of Rari­ time begin informing themselves about in the area. They were also told that Continued from page 5 hokwats. The chiefs, of course, em­ the Indian movement in general can they faced disciplinary action for be­ war. phatically rejected this suggested deal. write to Akwesasne Notes, Mohawk ing AWOL the six hours they had Socialists in this country cannot help Although Rarihokwats' s Oct. 31 Nation, Via Rooseveltown, N.Y. been on the pier. the Vietnamese by promoting a ban­ hearing was in Buffalo, N.Y., some 13683. There is no subscription price. Once dispersed, the process of im­ dit's settlement. They must seek ways 300 miles from Akwesasne, more than They simply ask that you send what posing fines and demotions began. to get Washington's heel off the necks 40 Indians showed up to demonstrate you can afford and think is !air. At the same time, all evidence indi­ of the Vietnamese. This can be done their support for him. The four hours cates there was heavy intimidation, most effectively by honestly ex­ of testimony from Rarihokwats, the including assertions that what they plaining that the nine-point proposal sole witness, made it "exceedingly had done left them open to such grave is an obstacle to the Vietnamese clear" in the words of Rarihokwats's charges as mutiny and even treason. struggle-not a victory-and by attorney, Millard Ring, that the hear­ ... Sri Lanka Continued from page 24 To encourage dispersal of the pro­ organizing actions demanding that the ing was part of an effort to shut his testers, a number were offered imme­ U. S. get out of Southeast Asia imme­ mouth and that he was not deport­ in Sri Lanka itself. He told me that diate discharges. diately. able. the main defense was being organized Meanwhile, the Black Servicemen's The government's contention, taken by the Human and Democratic Rights Caucus had sought unsuccessfully to from Lawrence Lazore, was that Rari­ Organization, which is supported by enlist the aid of members of the Con­ hokwats's work editing Akwesasne many trade unions, mainly by the gressional Black Caucus. Colbert said ... Laos Notes amounted to employment in vi­ Ceylon Mercantile Union, and also he had spent an entire night on the Continued from page J 3 olation of the terms under which he by the Lanka Sarna Samaja Par­ phone to Washington, D. C., urging Churchill in 1954: "Our painstaking entered the U.S. Sept. 15. Administra­ ty (Revolutionary), the Ceylonese Black congressmen to come to San search for a way out of the impasse tive Judge Aaron Maltin was visibly Trotskyist party. The Human and Diego to intervene in the situation. has reluctantly forced us to the con­ irritated at the government attorney, Democratic Rights Organization char­ But all were too busy. clusion that there is no negotiated so­ Gordon Sachs, for failing to present ges that the trials are an attempt to "This was a big disappointment to lution of the Indochina problem which even the semblance of a case to help cover up the government's illegal ac­ the men," Colbert said. "They were in its essence would not be either a cover the judge's refusal to render tions of 1971. counting on it." He said he was in­ face-saving device to cover a French an oral decision then and there. The committee has organized a formed that Representative Ron Del­ surrender or a face-saving device to number of actions, Wickrama re­ lums (D-Calif.) had wired Naval au­ cover a Communist retirement. The The hearing clearly established that ported. "The largest so far was the thorities urging revocation of any pen­ first alternative is too serious ... for Rarihokwats receives no money for Oct. 18 hunger strike in which over alties imposed on the sailors and an us and for you to be acceptable." his work on the paper. In fact, ex­ one million participated. The organi­ investigation of their complaints. Eisenhower's words should serve as cept for a sum of slightly less than zation is fighting for an end of the While the Constellation protest was a warning to all those who wish to $50 (for Ontario hospitalization), the emergency provisions and the release triggered by Navy racism, Colbert save the war-ravaged land of Vietnam entire $2,000 a year he earns out­ of the political prisoners. feels that antiwar sentiment helped from a repetition of the imperialist side the reservation from writing ar­ "Even these types of actions are dif­ spark the action. barbarism already inflicted on Laos ticles and working on films goes to ficult because under the emergency "All the Blacks from the ship that in the wake of three "peace" treaties. pay his ex-wife child support for their laws everybody who opposes the gov­ I've talked to, also the Chicanos, they Washington uses these treaties as a two daughters. ernment can be arrested and detained all agree they had no business over means to continue its control of Indo­ Rarihokwats lives without money, without giving any reason. The actual there," Colbert said. "They felt that china. There is nothing in Nixon's wearing secondhand clothes, eating organization of actions has to be done regardless of what type of job they record to suggest that his treaties are Longhouse communal meals, living very carefully without giving the gov­ were doing, it was helping the ship a departure from his predecessors', in communal housing, and working ernment any opportunity to smash to get over there and to send airplanes or that they deserve any more support. in the communal gardens. the mass movement, because it is only out to bomb those people. They felt Meanwhile, since the trustees seized through the building of a mass op­ that they were personally involved in the 87 acres Sept. 15, it has been position that you can actually end the war even if they were just mopping discovered that two trustees and a this repressive regime." floors, and they didn't like that. ... Indian third person had originally hoped to Wickrama· will be touring the U.S. "I didn't talk to very many whites," Continued from page 2 J buy the land themselves. They were until February. For more information he added, "but the few I did, they or chains. unable to raise the necessary amount, on his tour and to find when he will seemed to be against the war as well." While the Longhouse people's re­ which was more than $10,000. be in your area, write Rich Feigen­ The Black Servicemen's Caucus is fusal to be provoked avoided a But had they purchased the land, berg, 14 Charles Lane, New York, asking that people urge their congres- bloody battle, Russell Lazore did they ·were prepared to negotiate with N.Y. 10014. Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, P. 0. Box 5462, University, Ala. 35486. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni­ Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (1 06th St.), New ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Angelo Mercure, 9 E. 13 St., Tempe, versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. Ariz. 85281. KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P. 0. Box 952, University Station, Lexing­ OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mitts, P. 0. Box 32084, Cincinnati, CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., ton, Ky. 40506. Ohio 45232. Tel: (513)242-6132. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415)654-9728. LOUISIANA: Baton Rouge: YSA, c/o Craig Biggio, 10975 Sheraton Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Chico: YSA, c/o Kathy Isabell, 266 E. Sacramento Ave., Chico, Calif. Dr., Baton Rouge, La. 70815. Tel: (216)391-5553. 95926. . MARYLAND: College Park: YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., Columbus: YSA, c/o Daryl Drobnick, 1510 Georgesville Rd., Colum­ Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 11071/2 N. Western Ave., los Angeles, College Park, Md. 207 42. bus, Ohio 43228. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP- (213)463-1917, YSA- (213)463-1966. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, R. S. 0. Box 324, U of Mass., Amherst, Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Riverside: YSA, c/o Don Andrews 3408 Florida, Riverside, Calif. 92507. Mass. 01002. 45387. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Norm Holsinger, 817a 27 St., Sacramento, Calif. Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 12161/2 lincoln, Eugene, 95816. Tel: (916)447-1883. Third Floor, Boston, Moss. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, YSA­ Ore. 97401. San Diego: SWP and YSA, 43091/2 51 St., San Diego, Calif. 92115. (617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speaker's Bureau (IASB) and Re­ Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stork, Room 201, Portland, Ore. Tel: (714)287-0787. gional Committee- (617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books- (617) 338-8560. 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, MICHIGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State College, Edinboro, 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEl-6135. Po. 16412. San Jose: YSA, c/o Chico Aldape, 453 S. 9th, •5, San Jose, Calif. MI. Pleasant: YSA, c/o Rich Ropers, 903 Northwest Apts. Mt. Pleasant, Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Mar­ 95112. Tel: (408) 286-8492. Mich. 48858. ket), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. San Mateo: YSA, c/o Chris Stanley, 1712 Yorktown Rd., Son Mateo, MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, and Labor Bookstore, RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P. 0. Box 117, Annex Sto., Provi­ Calif. 97330. 1 University N. E. (at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) dence, R.I. 02901. Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (401) 331- Santa Barbara: YSA, c/o Carolyn Marsten, 413 Shasta ln., Santa Bar­ 332-7781. 1480. bora, Calif. 93101. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mis­ TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, Tenn. COLORADO: Boulder: YSA, c/o UMC Hostess Desk, U of Colorado, souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. 37212. Tel: (615)292-8827. Boulder, Colo. 80302. St. Louis: YSA, P.O. Box8037, St.louis, Mo. 63156. TEXAS: Austin: YSA and SWP, P. 0. Box 7753, University Station, Aus­ Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P. 0. Box 479, Durham, N.H. tin, Texas 78712. Tel: (512) 478-8602. Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.-Sot., 10:30 a.m. 03824. Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 lyons Ave., Hous­ -7 p.m. NEW JERSEY: Red Bank: YSA, P.O. Box 222, Rumson, N.J. 07760. ton, Texas77020. Tel: (713)674-0612. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, c/o Bob Quigley, 427 Main St. •206, NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Kathy Helmer, 9920 Leyen­ Lubbock: YSA, c/o Tim McGovern, P. 0. Box 5090, Tech. Station, lub­ Hartford, Conn. 06103. Tel: (203) 246-6797. decker Rd. N. E., Albuquerque, N. M. 87112. Tel. (505)296-6230. bock, Texas 79409. New Haven: YSA, P. 0. Box 185, New Hoven, Conn. 06501. NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, Box 1073, Horpur College, Binghamton, San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, Son Antonio, Texas 78202. Storrs: YSA, P. 0. Box 176, Storrs, Conn. 06268. N.Y. 13901. Tel: (607)798-4142. VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 241 Molletts Boy Ave., FLORIDA: Tdllahassee: YSA, c/o Sarah Ryan, 1806 lake Bradford Rd., Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Willoughby). Brooklyn, Winooski, Vt. 05404. Tallahassee, Flo. 32304. N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212)596-2849. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 746 9th St. N. W., Second Floor, GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third Long Island: P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) FR9- Wash., D. C. 20001. Tel: (202) 783-2363. Floor, Atlanta, Go. 30303. SWP and YSA, P. 0. Box 846, Atlanta, Go. 0289. WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson·, 1718 A St., 30301. Tel: (404)523-0610. New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.). Pullman, Wash. 99163. ILLINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o lawrence Roth/Mark Harris, 505 S. Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212)982-8214. Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., Seattle, Wash. Graham, •341, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway 98105. Hrs. 11 a. m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sot. Tel: (206)523-2555. Chicogo: SWP, YSA, and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310, (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o James Levitt, 411 W. Gorham St., Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) 641-0233. 982-6051; Merit Books- (212)982-5940. Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608)257-2835.

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706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor. Donation: $1, h.s. students SOc. Sponsored by Militant labor Forum. Calendar For more information coii(212)982-S940. CLEVELAND A LOPK AT WILHELM REICH'S "SEXUAL REVOLUTION." PHILADELPHIA The right Speaker: David Paparella. Fri., Dec. 1, 8 p.m. Debs REBELLION IN IRELAND- Panel. Fri., Dec. 1, 8 p.m. Hall, 4420 Superior Ave. Donation: $1, h.s. students University of Pennsylvania, Houston Hall, Second Floor, and unemployed SOc. For more information coll(216) 3417 Spruce St. Donation: $1. Sponsored by U of P 391-SSS3. Young Socialist Alliance. For more information call (21S) WAS-4316. to organize LOS ANGELES THE MILITANT LABOR FORUM presents weekly forums The Young Socialist Alliance was denied the right to organize on Florida state on Friday evenings at 8:30 p.m. Some of the topics Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 campuses as a legitimate student organization in March 1970. In July 1972, covered ore: economics; ecology; the struggles of cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ women, Blocks, and Chicanos for liberation; the anti­ a federal district court upheld the banning of the YSA. Currently the Florida . war movement; literature and art; the student move­ wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per ACLU is appealing this decision to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New ment; the trade-union movement; and the struggles column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad Orleans. in other countries. 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave. Dono­ is enclosed). Payment must be included The Committee for Free Assembly and Political Expression on Campus (FAPEC) lion: $1, h.s. students SOc. For more information call with ads. The Militant is published each was formed in 1970 to launch a legal and public campaign to win the right (213) 463-1917. week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: of official recognition for the YSA on Florida campuses. Friday, one week preceding publication, NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN FAPEC urgently needs the help of all who believe in the rights of free speech for classified and display ads; Wednes­ THE RELEVANCE OF PHILOSOPHY TO POLITICS: The and assembly. Letters of protest from individuals, student governments, and day noon, two days preceding publica­ role of philosophy in politics today in the U.S., China, campus organizations can be sent to Board of Regents, 210 Collins Building, USSR, Eastern Europe, ond fascist states. Speaker: tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) George Novack, Marxist scholar. Fri., Dec. 1, 8 p.m. 243-6392. 107 North Gaines St., Tallahassee, Fla. 32304 (send copy to FAPEC). Contribu­ tions and requests for more information can be sent to FAPEC, P. 0. Box 6693, FSU, Tallahas.J;ee, Fla. 32306. · The Wage-Price Freeze Swindle by Les Evans & Linda Jenness THE MILITA T .35C

Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 Spacial ollar IN THE NOVEMBER INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW-- 20waaks/S1 ( ) $1 for a 20-week introductory subscription. ( ) $2.50 for a six-month subscription. WHY ( ) $1.50 for Gls for six months. ( ) $5 for a one-year subscription. GUEVARA'S ------~arne ______Address ______GUERRILLA City State ZiP---- STRATEGY The Militant, 14 Charles La~e. ~ew York, ~- Y. 10014. HAS NO Books &. Pamphlets on Latin American Revolution FUTURE DOUGLAS BRAVO SPEAKS-In­ BY PETER CAMEJO CHE GUEVARA SPEAKS- speeches and writings by Che terview with Venezuelan guer­ Guevara. 159 pages, $4.95 . rilla fighter. 24 pages, $.25. .. ,. ,... ' \t."'/.ia.•\l/'.4 ,. ' .. LAND OR DEATH: THE PEASANT FIDEL CASTRO'S TRIBUTE TO ) Enclosed is $1 for 3 months of the ISR. ------­ CHE GUEVARA. 16 pages, $.25. .. STRUGGLE IN PERU. By revo­ ) Send me 1 year of the ISR for $5. lutionary-socialist peasant lead­ Name ______Address ______er Hugo Blanco. 178 pages, THOSE WHO ARE NOT REVOLU­ $2.45. TIONARY FIGHTERS CANNOT City State Zip---- BE CALLED COMMUNISTS­ International Socialist Review, 14 Charles Lane, N. V., N.Y. 10014 ALLENDE'S CHILE: IS IT GOING Speech by Fidel Castro concern­ SOCIALIST? By Peter Camejo. ing Venezuelan struggle. 72 32 pages, $.60. pages, $.75.

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"Is the Vietnam War Over?- What the Agreements Really Mean" is the lead article in the November YOUNG SOCIALIST. Also featured: "Harvard Blacks Defend Angolan Revolution," "Highlights of the Young Socialist Convention," "Mar­ joe: A Jesus Freak Spills the Beans," and "Women's Liberation in Germany." 'Tcamllcf The story of one of the most dramatic organ1zmg drives in _.., SUBSCRIBE TODAY American labor history. In describing the tactics of the strikers, the author highlights many important principles of labor or­ YOUNG SOCIALIST, Box 471 Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. 10003. ganization. By Farrell Dobbs/$2.25 paper; $6.95 cloth. ( ) Enclosed is $1 for six months. ( ) Enclosed is $2 for one year. A Monad Press book. Distributed by Pathfinder Press, 410 West NAME ______St., New York, N.Y. 10014

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THE MILITANT/NOVEMBER 24, 1972 23

I THE MILITANT

Black students win some demands Protests continue at Louisiana campuses By BAXTER SMITH past week have occurred on the New BATON ROUGE, Nov. 11-Having Orleans campus, the situation on the won some of their demands, students Baton Rouge campus continue to boil. are continuing their three-week pro- Students here have been maintaining a test on the predominantly Black cam- successful boycott of classes for more puses of Southern University in Baton than three weeks to protest campus Rouge and New Orleans. problems. They are demanding the On Oct. 30, Black students at South- resignation of university president G. ern University of New Orleans Leon Netterville as well as more stu- ( SUNO) took over the administration dent voice in the control of the uni- building after the administrators re- versity. neged on their promise to answer stu- On Nov. 8, students staged a march dent demands within 48 hours. .The around the campus to persuade the students vowed to hold the building remaining students who were attend- until an answer was given. The ad- ing classes to come out. The marchers ministration reacted by suspending went into classrooms and successfully classes for the rest of the week. persuaded the students to leave. This A special "blue ribbon" negotiating move upset the administration, and committee was named by Louisiana that night a bomb exploded in the Governor Edwin Edwards to bargain washroom of a classroom building. with the students concerning their de- The next morning, students awoke mands and the release of the building. to a campus occupied by hundreds The demands centered on the ouster of state police and sheriff's deputies of university vice-president Emmett armed with semiautomatic rifles, shot- Bashful; more student voice in uni- guns, and Thompson submachine versity functioning, including the guns. They also had a mobile jail hiring and firing of faculty; curricu- and an armored personnel carrier. lum improvement; and the termina- Arrest warrants had been issued for tion of the present cafeteria contract. the leaders of the strike, and they Members of the committee, which did not appear on the campus.· included all eight of the state's Black News came later in the day about legislators and other prominent indi- the victory at the SUNO campus and viduals, met several times with the the fact that the negotiating commit- students in the building. During that tee was traveling to Baton Rouge to time, Governor Edwards claimed that meet with the students here. Black Panthers and members of the On Nov. 10, the strike leaders ap- Republic of New Africa had smug- peared before a student meeting and gled guns into the building. days and he could confirm there were emergency medical care on campus, informed the students that they had Earl Ticard, the student government no weapons there. revamping the freshman orientation met with the negotiating committee association president and one of the Nevertheless, Edwards gave the stu- program, and the right of students and won several immediate con- spokesmen for the students, said, ac- dents until 1 p.m. Nov. 9 to clear to audit the school's financial records. cessions: that the cops be removed cording to the Nov. 9 New Orleans out of the building. He gave the po- A major demand that the students from the campus; that the charges Morning Advocate, "There is no truth lice orders to use any means neces- won was academic amnesty. This in the arrest, warrants be dropped; to the reports that weapons have been sary to retake the building. However, means that the striking students can- that those students who had been sus- brought into the building. Our inten- the deadline came and passed with the not be suspended from school for par- pended be given academic amnesty; tions are to bring about constructive students still inside. Then, an hour ticipating in the building take-over. and that the students be given the use change at SUNO, not violent confron- and a half later, the students proudly Bashful, commenting on his resig- of any building on campus to hold tation. Edwards's statement is an at- marched out of the building they had nation, claimed that he would rather strike meetings. tempt to whitewash, to legitimatize, held for 10 days. They held a news resign "in glory" than serve as an The students are scheduled to meet the presence of armed police and conference in front of 1,500 onlookers administrator with the blood of a po- with the negotiating committee again troopers in order to effect the collec- and an array of battle-armed state lice attack on his hands. in an effort to come to an agreement tive assassination of the students." police, and announced that Dean Despite the fact that the students won on the other demands. The boycott State Representative Louis Charbon- Bashful had agreed to resign and that these immediate demands, they vowed is continuing, and Governor Edwards nett, head of the negotiating commit- their other demands had been met. to continue to boycott classes until has promised to give the negotiating tee, later told The Militant that he The demands won included bus ser- the other demands are met. committee the power and financial had been in the building for several vice from the main campus street, While most of the activities of the backing to meet student demands.

Sri Lanka activist describes repression By TONY THOMAS The repression in Ceylon dates to the government for its own reasons as a linguistic and national minority. Recently, The Militant was able to the declaration of a state of emergency exaggerated this and during the first Even though they were not connected interview Vijaya Wickrama, a Ceylon­ on March 16, 1971, and the initiation two weeks afterwards a vast number in any way with the JVP, they were ese activist touring the U.S. in de­ of an "insurrection" by members of of people, mostly innocent young peo­ arrested because the emergency laws fense of democratic rights in Sri the JVP (Janatha Vimukthi Peramu­ ple, were killed out of hand. One of still exist and the government can still Lanka (Ceylon). Wickrama is an ac­ na-People's Liberation Front), a the Sri Lanka army colonels ex­ arrest people without any charges." tivist in the London-based Ceylon Sol­ youth organization. plained, 'We don't take prisoners be­ Currently 41 detainees are on trial idarity Campaign and has recently Wickrama told me, "The government cause we have learned too many les­ faced with treason charges. returned from a visit to Sri 'Lanka. repression began on March 16, much sons from Vietnam.' Wickrama said, "This is not really "The purpose of my four," he said, before the so-called uprising on April "Anybody who was unlucky enough a trial; it is an inquisition. These peo­ "is to publicize the repression in Cey­ 5. Between March 16 and April 5 to be caught in the first two weeks ple can't be charged for any specific lon, because in many parts of the thousands of people were arrested and of April was shot. We estimate that thing because the vast majority of world people do not know what is held in detention camps and interro­ between 15,000 and 20,000 were them were inside the jail already on going on there. They do not know that gated. It was after this that you had killed. Over 7,000 are now being held April 5. Rohana Wijeweera [one of there are over 7,000 people in jail or the police going from village to vil­ in concentration camps. This is very the central leaders of the JVP and the fact that 15,000 people were killed lage on search-and-destroy missions. dangerous. We now hear of claims a principal defendant in the trials] last year. I am trying to organize "It seems very clear to us, and even by the army that detainees were shot was imprisoned on March 16. What the type of international solidarity for by the evidence given in recent trials while attempting escapes. We also they are really being tried for is build­ these prisoners that can win freedom by the government witnesses, that know of several definite incidents ing a political movement against the for political prisoners and the resto­ what happened on April 5 was an act where the army shot at random into government, a movement which pro­ ration of democratic rights in Cey­ of desperation for defense against the the camps, killing the detainees. fesses the idea of a revolutionary over­ lon. In addition, we hope to raise inhuman repression that had been go­ "Only recently four hundred people throw of the government." funds to help the defense campaign .ing on at that time." from the Tamil area in the north of I asked Wickrama if there was any in Sri Lanka and to assist the pris­ "After April 5," he continued, "when Sri Lanka were arrested because they activity in defense of the prisoners oners and their families financially." the JVP attacked some police stations, .had made a movement for their rights Continued on page 22

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