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Mapping Prosopis Glandulosa (Mesquite) Invasion in the Arid Environment of South Africa Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Mapping Prosopis glandulosa (mesquite) invasion in the arid environment of South Africa using remote sensing techniques NYASHA FLORENCE MURERIWA 0604748V Supervisor: Dr Elhadi Adam A dissertation submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Sciences March 2016 Johannesburg South Africa Abstract Decades after the first introduction of the Prosopis spp. (mesquite) to South Africa in the late 1800s for its benefits, the invasive nature of the species became apparent as its spread in regions of South Africa resulting in devastating effects to biodiversity, ecosystems and the socio- economic wellbeing of affected regions. Various control and management practices that include biological, physical, chemical and integrated methods have been tested with minimal success as compared to the rapid spread of the species. From previous studies, it has been noted that one of the reasons for the low success rates in mesquite control and management is a lack of sufficient information on the species invasion dynamic in relation to its very similar co-existing species. In order to bridge this gap in knowledge, vegetation species mapping techniques that use remote sensing methods need to be tested for the monitoring, detection and mapping of the species spread. Unlike traditional field survey methods, remote sensing techniques are better at monitoring vegetation as they can cover very large areas and are time-effective and cost- effective. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine the possibility of mapping and spectrally discriminating Prosopis glandulosa from its native co-existing species in semi-arid parts of South Africa using remote sensing methods. -
The Prosopis Juliflora - Prosopis Pallida Complex: a Monograph
DFID DFID Natural Resources Systems Programme The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA - the organic organisation The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA Coventry UK 2001 organic organisation i The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph Correct citation Pasiecznik, N.M., Felker, P., Harris, P.J.C., Harsh, L.N., Cruz, G., Tewari, J.C., Cadoret, K. and Maldonado, L.J. (2001) The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph. HDRA, Coventry, UK. pp.172. ISBN: 0 905343 30 1 Associated publications Cadoret, K., Pasiecznik, N.M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2000) The Genus Prosopis: A Reference Database (Version 1.0): CD ROM. HDRA, Coventry, UK. ISBN 0 905343 28 X. Tewari, J.C., Harris, P.J.C, Harsh, L.N., Cadoret, K. and Pasiecznik, N.M. (2000) Managing Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati babul): A Technical Manual. CAZRI, Jodhpur, India and HDRA, Coventry, UK. 96p. ISBN 0 905343 27 1. This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. (R7295) Forestry Research Programme. Copies of this, and associated publications are available free to people and organisations in countries eligible for UK aid, and at cost price to others. Copyright restrictions exist on the reproduction of all or part of the monograph. -
A Case Study on the Potential of the Multipurpose Prosopis Tree
23 Underutilised crops for famine and poverty alleviation: a case study on the potential of the multipurpose Prosopis tree N.M. Pasiecznik, S.K. Choge, A.B. Rosenfeld and P.J.C. Harris In its native Latin America, the Prosopis tree (also known as Mesquite) has multiple uses as a fuel wood, timber, charcoal, animal fodder and human food. It is also highly drought-resistant, growing under conditions where little else will survive. For this reason, it has been introduced as a pioneer species into the drylands of Africa and Asia over the last two centuries as a means of reclaiming desert lands. However, the knowledge of its uses was not transferred with it, and left in an unmanaged state it has developed into a highly invasive species, where it encroaches on farm land as an impenetrable, thorny thicket. Attempts to eradicate it are proving costly and largely unsuccessful. In 2006, the problem of Prosopis was hitting the headlines on an almost weekly basis in Kenya. Yet amidst calls for its eradication, a pioneering team from the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) and HDRA’s International Programme set out to demonstrate its positive uses. Through a pilot training and capacity building programme in two villages in Baringo District, people living with this tree learned for the first time how to manage and use it to their benefit, both for food security and income generation. Results showed that the pods, milled to flour, would provide a crucial, nutritious food supplement in these famine-prone desert margins. The pods were also used or sold as animal fodder, with the first international order coming from South Africa by the end of the year. -
Prosopis Juliflora Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Common name ironwood (English), algarrobo (Spanish), Mesquitebaum (German), mesquite (English), bayarone (French), algarroba (Spanish), cují negro (Spanish) Synonym Similar species Summary view this species on IUCN Red List Management Info Preventative measures: A Risk assessment of Prosopis spp. for Australia was prepared by Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) using the Australian risk assessment system (Pheloung, 1995). The result is a score of 20 and a recommendation of: reject the plant for import (Australia) or species likely to be a pest (Pacific). The Best Practice Manual Mesquite Control and management options for mesquite (Prosopis spp.) in Australia aims to provide the most current information on mesquite in Australia. The control and management options presented in this manual are the combined results of years of trials carried out by many dedicated researchers, landholders, herbicide companies, government officers, landcare groups and others. As mesquite species respond differently to control methods, the most effective method or combination of methods will vary depending on the size, density and species of mesquite present. The manual includes a 'mesquite control tool box'. Included also are a number of case studies to demonstrate best practice. Principal source: Compiler: IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) Updates with support from the Overseas -
The Water Relations of the Mesquite
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Volume 3 Article 8 1-1-1915 The aW ter Relations of the Mesquite A. L. Bakke Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/amesforester Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Bakke, A. L. (1915) "The aW ter Relations of the Mesquite," Ames Forester: Vol. 3 , Article 8. Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/amesforester/vol3/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ames Forester by an authorized editor of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Water Relations of the Mesquite A.L.BAKKE ABBistant Professor of Botany, Iowa State College The Mesquite1 (Prosopis relutina Wooten) is one of the most outstanding shrubs or trees of the desert regions of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Mexico. Its rather low form ing b11anches covered with leaves where each leaf is made up of 6 to 30 leaflets, makes . this tree a conspicuous outstanding vegetative form as compared with the grease wood and the cactus. The Mesquite is practically the only tree that thrives in a hot dry climate such as one experiences in southern Arizona and New Mexico. To the travelers in this region the distribution of this plant is of special importance, for through it he is able to obtain fire wood for his camp fire. -
Prosopis Pallida) and Implications for Peruvian Dry Forest Conservation
Revista de Ciencias Ambientales (Trop J Environ Sci). (Enero-Junio, 2018). EISSN: 2215-3896. Vol 52(1): 49-70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rca.52-1.3 URL: www.revistas.una.ac.cr/ambientales EMAIL: [email protected] Community Use and Knowledge of Algarrobo (Prosopis pallida) and Implications for Peruvian Dry Forest Conservation Uso y conocimiento comunitario del algarrobo (Prosopis pallida) e implicaciones para la conservación del bosque seco peruano Johanna Depenthala and Laura S. Meitzner Yoderb a Master’s candidate in Environmental Management with a concentration in Ecosystem Science and Conservation at Duke University; ORCID: 0000-0003-4560-0862, [email protected] b Doctorate in Forestry and Environmental Studies; researcher and professor at Wheaton College, IL, [email protected] Director y Editor: Dr. Sergio A. Molina-Murillo Consejo Editorial: Dra. Mónica Araya, Costa Rica Limpia, Costa Rica Dr. Gerardo Ávalos-Rodríguez. SFS y UCR, USA y Costa Rica Dr. Manuel Guariguata. CIFOR-Perú Dr. Luko Hilje, CATIE, Costa Rica Dr. Arturo Sánchez Azofeifa. Universidad de Alberta-Canadá Asistente: Sharon Rodríguez-Brenes Editorial: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (EUNA) Los artículos publicados se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) basada en una obra en http://www. revistas.una.ac.cr/ambientales., lo que implica la posibilidad de que los lectores puedan de forma gratuita descargar, almacenar, copiar y distribuir la versión final aprobada y publicada del artículo, siempre y cuando se mencione la fuente y autoría de la obra. Revista de Ciencias Ambientales (Trop J Environ Sci). -
Mechanisms of Range Expansion and Removal of Mesquite in Desert Grasslands of the Southwestern United States
United States Department Mechanisms of Range Expansion of Agriculture Forest Service and Removal of Mesquite in Desert Rocky Mountain Grasslands of the Southwestern Research Station General Technical United States Report RMRS-GTR-81 October 2001 Thomas B. Wilson Robert H. Webb Thomas L. Thompson Abstract ___________________________________________ Wilson, Thomas B.; Webb, Robert H.; Thompson, Thomas L. 2001. Mechanisms of range expansion and removal of mesquite in desert grasslands of the Southwestern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-81. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 23 p. During the last 150 years, two species of mesquite trees in the Southwestern United States have become increasingly common in what formerly was desert grassland. These trees have spread from nearby watercourses onto relatively xeric upland areas, decreasing rangeland grass production. Management attempts to limit or reverse this spread have been largely unsuccessful. This paper reviews studies regarding mesquite natural history and management strategies, emphasizing studies published during the past decade. Mesquite possess a deep root system and are capable of fixing atmospheric N, rendering them capable of accessing resources unavailable to other plants in open rangeland. Their seeds, which remain viable for decades, have a hard exocarp and require scarification before germination. Consumption by cattle provides a means of scarification and seed dispersal, and is a major factor contributing to the spread of mesquite in open rangelands. Increases in atmospheric CO2 and winter precipitation during the past century also contribute to enhanced seed germination. Removal techniques have included herbicides, prescribed burning, grazing reduction, and mechanical removal. -
Floristic Surveys of Saguaro National Park Protected Natural Areas
Floristic Surveys of Saguaro National Park Protected Natural Areas William L. Halvorson and Brooke S. Gebow, editors Technical Report No. 68 United States Geological Survey Sonoran Desert Field Station The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona USGS Sonoran Desert Field Station The University of Arizona, Tucson The Sonoran Desert Field Station (SDFS) at The University of Arizona is a unit of the USGS Western Ecological Research Center (WERC). It was originally established as a National Park Service Cooperative Park Studies Unit (CPSU) in 1973 with a research staff and ties to The University of Arizona. Transferred to the USGS Biological Resources Division in 1996, the SDFS continues the CPSU mission of providing scientific data (1) to assist U.S. Department of Interior land management agencies within Arizona and (2) to foster cooperation among all parties overseeing sensitive natural and cultural resources in the region. It also is charged with making its data resources and researchers available to the interested public. Seventeen such field stations in California, Arizona, and Nevada carry out WERC’s work. The SDFS provides a multi-disciplinary approach to studies in natural and cultural sciences. Principal cooperators include the School of Renewable Natural Resources and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at The University of Arizona. Unit scientists also hold faculty or research associate appointments at the university. The Technical Report series distributes information relevant to high priority regional resource management needs. The series presents detailed accounts of study design, methods, results, and applications possibly not accommodated in the formal scientific literature. Technical Reports follow SDFS guidelines and are subject to peer review and editing. -
Mesquite Bugs and Other Insects in the Diet of Pallid Bats in Southeastern Arizona
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 4 December 2018. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/6065), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Czaplewski NJ, Menard KL, Peachey WD. 2018. Mesquite bugs, other insects, and a bat in the diet of pallid bats in southeastern Arizona. PeerJ 6:e6065 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6065 Mesquite bugs and other insects in the diet of pallid bats in southeastern Arizona Nicholas J Czaplewski Corresp., 1 , Katrina L Menard 2 , William D Peachey 3 1 Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America 2 Section of Recent Invertebrates, Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma, United States 3 Sonoran Science Solutions, Tucson, Arizona, United States Corresponding Author: Nicholas J Czaplewski Email address: [email protected] The pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) is a species of arid and semiarid western North America, inhabiting ecoregions ranging from desert to oak and pine forest. Considered primarily insectivorous predators on large arthropods but taking occasional small vertebrate prey, pallid bats were recently shown to be at least seasonally omnivorous; they demonstrate unusual dietary flexibility and opportunism in certain parts of their geographic range and at different times of year. In a few areas they take nectar from cactus flowers and eat cactus fruit pulp and seeds. Until recently mesquite bugs were primarily tropical- subtropical inhabitants of Mexico and Central America but have since occupied the southwestern United States where mesquite trees occur. Pallid bats regularly use night roosts as temporary shelters in which to process and consume large arthropods caught near their foraging areas. -
The Good, the Bad and the Thorny: Impacts of Prosopis in Africa
The Good, the Bad and the Thorny: Impacts of Prosopis in Africa Nick Pasiecznik CAB International, Wallingford, OXON, UK. E-mail: [email protected] April 2004 Tropical agroforesters have been successful over the past 25 years in the selection, introduction, promotion and plantation of many exotic, fast-growing tree species for the benefit of rural people. However, some of these ‘miracle trees’ have proved to be very well adapted to local conditions, escaping from cultivation and spreading widely as aggressive weeds, threatening, rather than improving livelihoods. The status of exotic Prosopis species in sub-Saharan Africa epitomises this dilemma; it is the main plantation species in Cape Verde, the subject of national eradication and control programmes in South Africa, and all possible combinations in between, throughout the Sahel, East and southern Africa. Even after decades of work with probably the most common and widespread, multi-purpose trees in Africa, it appears that the agroforestry research and development community still cannot decide what to advise. Perceptions of Prosopis species vary widely, ranging from the most useful and productive tree tolerant of sites where little else will grow, to a weedy invader worthy only of wholesale eradication. What is a weed to one farmer may be a source of livelihood to another, but the extent of this dichotomy of opinion regarding Prosopis sends a very confused message to extension workers, foresters and farmers, who don’t know whether to plant it, prune it or pull it up. Prosopis trees provided many valuable resources to indigenous populations in the native range, and are still a source of food, feed, fuel, timber and other raw materials today; often the cornerstone of local economies in arid regions where they constitute the main forest resource. -
Approved Plant Species (By Watershed) for Use in Riparian Mitigation Areas, Pima County, Arizona
APPROVED PLANT SPECIES (BY WATERSHED) FOR USE IN RIPARIAN MITIGATION AREAS, PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA Western Pima County Botanical Name Common Name Life Form Water Requirements HYDRORIPARIAN TREES Celtis laevigata (Celtis reticulata) Netleaf/Canyon hackberry Perennial Tree Moderate Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii Fremont cottonwood Perennial Tree High Salix gooddingii Goodding’s willow Perennial Tree High SHRUBS Celtis ehrenbergiana (Celtis pallida) Desert hackberry, spiny hackberry Perennial Shrub Low GRASSES Plains bristlegrass, large-spike Setaria macrostachya Perennial Bunchgrass Moderate bristlegrass Sporobolus airoides Alkali sacaton Perennial Bunchgrass Moderate MESORIPARIAN TREES Acacia constricta Whitethorn Acacia Perennial shrub/small tree Low-moderate Acacia greggii Catclaw Acacia Perennial Tree Low Celtis laevigata (Celtis reticulata) Netleaf/Canyon hackberry Perennial Tree Moderate Chilopsis linearis Desert Willow Perennial Tree Moderate Parkinsonia florida Blue Palo Verde Perennial Tree Low- Moderate Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii Fremont cottonwood Perennial Tree High Prosopis pubescens Screwbean mesquite Perennial Tree Moderate Prosopis velutina Velvet mesquite Perennial Tree Low Salix gooddingii Goodding’s willow Perennial Tree High SHRUBS Anisacanthus thurberi (Drejera thurberi) Desert honeysuckle Perennial Shrub Moderate Celtis ehrenbergiana (Celtis pallida) Desert hackberry, spiny hackberry Perennial Shrub Low Lycium andersonii var. andersonii Anderson Wolfberry, water jacket Perennial Shrub Low Fremont Wolfberry, Fremont's -
Production and Characterisation of Prosopis Seed Galactomannan
Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Production and characterisation of Prosopis seed galactomannan Author(s): Cruz Alcedo, Gastón Eduardo Publication Date: 1999 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-003838586 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Diss.ETHNo. 13153 Production and characterisation of Prosopis seed galactomannan A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH For the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences presented by Gaston Eduardo CRUZ ALCEDO Ingeniero Industrial, Universidad de Piura born June 2, 1963 citizen of Peru accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Renato Amadö, examiner Prof. Dr. Felix Escher, co-examiner Ms. Eva Arrigoni, co-examiner Zurich 1999 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Prof. Dr. Renato Amadö, my thesis director, for giving me the opportunity to work in his laboratory, for the fruitful discussions and his excellent guidance. Already in 1987 he believed in my skills and enthusiasm for the study of Prosopis fruits and permitted me to learn many analytical techniques during a stay at the ETH in Zurich. I am happy for winning his estimation. A special thanks is due also to Evi Arrigoni for her practical advice in the laboratory and for her friendly collaboration, as well as for the critical review and correction of my thesis. I am very grateful to her for agreeing to be my co-examiner. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Felix Escher for agreeing to be co- examiner and for the helpful discussion on processing technologies and the rheology of gums.